253 10 3980 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/154e49d064a2e59c98ef6a1334b207fb.jpg 32d395782a758fe4e618ada09a9e94ae https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/a6b23940b2f7c09acd030aed5d003223.jpg 8a6958d48ecc70f660ab1090aa80614a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater Historic Architecture Survey 1976-1979 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1976 - 1979 Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource <p>From 1976-1979, the homes and buildings of the City of Coldwater were photographed and assessed according to their architectural materials and style. Not every property in the city was documented, but most were. We have over 2,500 properties in this archive.<br /><br /></p> <a href="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.png"><img style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; margin: -6px 6px 6px -6px; padding: 4px;" src="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.jpg" alt="Coldwater Architectural Survey" /></a> <h3>Advanced Search of this Collection</h3> <form id="advanced-search-form" action="/branch/items/browse" method="GET"><input id="collection-search" name="collection" value="6" type="hidden" /> <div id="search-narrow-by-fields" class="field"> <div class="label">Narrow by Specific Fields</div> <div class="inputs"> <div class="search-entry"><select id="" class="advanced-search-element" title="Search Field" name="advanced[0][element_id]"> <option value="">Select Below</option> <option value="136">Address</option> <option value="137">Historic Name</option> <option value="138">Current Name</option> <option value="145">Surface Material</option> <option value="146">Roof Covering</option> <option value="176">Period or Style</option> <option value="158">Incidence</option> <option value="160">Category</option> <option value="173">Notes</option> <option value="177">Editor's Notes</option> </select><select id="" class="advanced-search-type" title="Search Type" name="advanced[0][type]"> <option selected="selected" value="">Select Below</option> <option value="contains">contains</option> <option value="does not contain">does not contain</option> <option value="is exactly">is exactly</option> <option value="is empty">is empty</option> <option value="is not empty">is not empty</option> </select><input id="" class="advanced-search-terms" title="Search Terms" name="advanced[0][terms]" value="" size="20" type="text" /> <button class="remove_search red button" style="display: none;" type="button" disabled="disabled">Remove field</button></div> </div> <button class="add_search" type="button">Add a Field</button></div> <input id="submit_search_advanced" class="submit" name="submit_search" value="Search for items" type="submit" /></form> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/branch/application/views/scripts/javascripts/items-search.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ jQuery(document).ready(function () { Omeka.Search.activateSearchButtons(); }); // ]]></script> Architecture Survey Address 99 Perkins Primary R Front Direction South Surface Material Stucco Roof Covering Asphalt Alterations Moderate Alterations 2 Inappropriate Alterations 2 Score 5 Structural Condition Fair Structural Condition Score 5 Maintenance Quality Poor Maintenance Quality Score 0 - Zero Period or Style IT - Italianate Rating Poor Rating Score 10 Incidence Rare Incidence Score 20 Total 40 Category D Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 99 Perkins Subject The topic of the resource Architectural surveys Historic preservation Historic buildings--Conservation and restoration Italianate architecture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Architectural survey of 99 Perkins in Coldwater, Michigan conducted between 1976 and 1979. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976/1979 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Michigan Coldwater https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/175d0c8af4732d9b2ffe745c3f451c16.jpg 7ce5517b692fbe13768a01182992ee17 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/4fdabaa119b04b27f468d8f55e95bf94.jpg 8aaf1d8f87bc8507ee04ead016f9ac4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater Historic Architecture Survey 1976-1979 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1976 - 1979 Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource <p>From 1976-1979, the homes and buildings of the City of Coldwater were photographed and assessed according to their architectural materials and style. Not every property in the city was documented, but most were. We have over 2,500 properties in this archive.<br /><br /></p> <a href="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.png"><img style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; margin: -6px 6px 6px -6px; padding: 4px;" src="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.jpg" alt="Coldwater Architectural Survey" /></a> <h3>Advanced Search of this Collection</h3> <form id="advanced-search-form" action="/branch/items/browse" method="GET"><input id="collection-search" name="collection" value="6" type="hidden" /> <div id="search-narrow-by-fields" class="field"> <div class="label">Narrow by Specific Fields</div> <div class="inputs"> <div class="search-entry"><select id="" class="advanced-search-element" title="Search Field" name="advanced[0][element_id]"> <option value="">Select Below</option> <option value="136">Address</option> <option value="137">Historic Name</option> <option value="138">Current Name</option> <option value="145">Surface Material</option> <option value="146">Roof Covering</option> <option value="176">Period or Style</option> <option value="158">Incidence</option> <option value="160">Category</option> <option value="173">Notes</option> <option value="177">Editor's Notes</option> </select><select id="" class="advanced-search-type" title="Search Type" name="advanced[0][type]"> <option selected="selected" value="">Select Below</option> <option value="contains">contains</option> <option value="does not contain">does not contain</option> <option value="is exactly">is exactly</option> <option value="is empty">is empty</option> <option value="is not empty">is not empty</option> </select><input id="" class="advanced-search-terms" title="Search Terms" name="advanced[0][terms]" value="" size="20" type="text" /> <button class="remove_search red button" style="display: none;" type="button" disabled="disabled">Remove field</button></div> </div> <button class="add_search" type="button">Add a Field</button></div> <input id="submit_search_advanced" class="submit" name="submit_search" value="Search for items" type="submit" /></form> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/branch/application/views/scripts/javascripts/items-search.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ jQuery(document).ready(function () { Omeka.Search.activateSearchButtons(); }); // ]]></script> Architecture Survey By P.H. Address 99 S. Jackson Primary 1.1 Original 1.1 Front Direction East Surface Material Stucco Clapboard Roof Covering Asphalt Tin Alterations Moderate Alterations 2 Inappropriate Alterations 2 Score 5 Structural Condition Good Structural Condition Score 10 Maintenance Quality Fair Maintenance Quality Score 5 Period or Style QA - Queen Anne Rating Worthy of Mention Rating Score 20 Incidence Common Incidence Score 5 Total 45 Category C Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 99 S. Jackson Subject The topic of the resource Architectural surveys Historic preservation Historic buildings--Conservation and restoration Queen Anne style architecture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Architectural survey of 99 S. Jackson in Coldwater, Michigan conducted between 1976 and 1979. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976/1979 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Michigan Coldwater https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/a0634b7cd810176dacf25548286db9aa.jpg 9bacff3d32a457f52ff35ac08b7a8dc5 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/46d9ac58a81fe45be2aac83b38b55ac3.jpg 4215ccb47ae64e08d2eb5e2ba27f522e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater Historic Architecture Survey 1976-1979 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1976 - 1979 Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource <p>From 1976-1979, the homes and buildings of the City of Coldwater were photographed and assessed according to their architectural materials and style. Not every property in the city was documented, but most were. We have over 2,500 properties in this archive.<br /><br /></p> <a href="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.png"><img style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; margin: -6px 6px 6px -6px; padding: 4px;" src="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.jpg" alt="Coldwater Architectural Survey" /></a> <h3>Advanced Search of this Collection</h3> <form id="advanced-search-form" action="/branch/items/browse" method="GET"><input id="collection-search" name="collection" value="6" type="hidden" /> <div id="search-narrow-by-fields" class="field"> <div class="label">Narrow by Specific Fields</div> <div class="inputs"> <div class="search-entry"><select id="" class="advanced-search-element" title="Search Field" name="advanced[0][element_id]"> <option value="">Select Below</option> <option value="136">Address</option> <option value="137">Historic Name</option> <option value="138">Current Name</option> <option value="145">Surface Material</option> <option value="146">Roof Covering</option> <option value="176">Period or Style</option> <option value="158">Incidence</option> <option value="160">Category</option> <option value="173">Notes</option> <option value="177">Editor's Notes</option> </select><select id="" class="advanced-search-type" title="Search Type" name="advanced[0][type]"> <option selected="selected" value="">Select Below</option> <option value="contains">contains</option> <option value="does not contain">does not contain</option> <option value="is exactly">is exactly</option> <option value="is empty">is empty</option> <option value="is not empty">is not empty</option> </select><input id="" class="advanced-search-terms" title="Search Terms" name="advanced[0][terms]" value="" size="20" type="text" /> <button class="remove_search red button" style="display: none;" type="button" disabled="disabled">Remove field</button></div> </div> <button class="add_search" type="button">Add a Field</button></div> <input id="submit_search_advanced" class="submit" name="submit_search" value="Search for items" type="submit" /></form> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/branch/application/views/scripts/javascripts/items-search.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ jQuery(document).ready(function () { Omeka.Search.activateSearchButtons(); }); // ]]></script> Architecture Survey Address 99 S. Jefferson Primary R Surface Material Asbestos siding Roof Covering Asphalt Alterations Moderate Alterations 2 Inappropriate Alterations 2 Score 5 Structural Condition Good Structural Condition Score 10 Maintenance Quality Fair Maintenance Quality Score 5 Period or Style Cl R - Classic Revival Rating Worthy of Mention Rating Score 20 Incidence Common Incidence Score 5 Total 45 Category C Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 99 S. Jefferson Subject The topic of the resource Architectural surveys Historic preservation Historic buildings--Conservation and restoration Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Architectural survey of 99 S. Jefferson in Coldwater, Michigan conducted between 1976 and 1979. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976/1979 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Michigan Coldwater https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/267dd0618cb803576d09a6b54335881a.jpg d71612ecea4c77c8ea49de3e17bffdd7 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/82f4f90e9de8730d8a4e4631172e087a.jpg ea07f5fa303cfe10493bbad4f43a3fcb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater Historic Architecture Survey 1976-1979 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1976 - 1979 Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource <p>From 1976-1979, the homes and buildings of the City of Coldwater were photographed and assessed according to their architectural materials and style. Not every property in the city was documented, but most were. We have over 2,500 properties in this archive.<br /><br /></p> <a href="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.png"><img style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; margin: -6px 6px 6px -6px; padding: 4px;" src="/images/coldwater_architectural_survey.jpg" alt="Coldwater Architectural Survey" /></a> <h3>Advanced Search of this Collection</h3> <form id="advanced-search-form" action="/branch/items/browse" method="GET"><input id="collection-search" name="collection" value="6" type="hidden" /> <div id="search-narrow-by-fields" class="field"> <div class="label">Narrow by Specific Fields</div> <div class="inputs"> <div class="search-entry"><select id="" class="advanced-search-element" title="Search Field" name="advanced[0][element_id]"> <option value="">Select Below</option> <option value="136">Address</option> <option value="137">Historic Name</option> <option value="138">Current Name</option> <option value="145">Surface Material</option> <option value="146">Roof Covering</option> <option value="176">Period or Style</option> <option value="158">Incidence</option> <option value="160">Category</option> <option value="173">Notes</option> <option value="177">Editor's Notes</option> </select><select id="" class="advanced-search-type" title="Search Type" name="advanced[0][type]"> <option selected="selected" value="">Select Below</option> <option value="contains">contains</option> <option value="does not contain">does not contain</option> <option value="is exactly">is exactly</option> <option value="is empty">is empty</option> <option value="is not empty">is not empty</option> </select><input id="" class="advanced-search-terms" title="Search Terms" name="advanced[0][terms]" value="" size="20" type="text" /> <button class="remove_search red button" style="display: none;" type="button" disabled="disabled">Remove field</button></div> </div> <button class="add_search" type="button">Add a Field</button></div> <input id="submit_search_advanced" class="submit" name="submit_search" value="Search for items" type="submit" /></form> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/branch/application/views/scripts/javascripts/items-search.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ jQuery(document).ready(function () { Omeka.Search.activateSearchButtons(); }); // ]]></script> Architecture Survey Survey Date 5-9-76 By L.S. J.H. Address 99 Taylor Property Uses 1.1 Front Direction North Surface Material Wood Wood shingles Roof Covering Asphalt Alterations Moderate Alterations 2 Appropriate Alterations 2 Score 10 Structural Condition Good Structural Condition Score 10 Maintenance Quality Good Maintenance Quality Score 10 Period or Style CR - Colonial Revival Rating Worthy of Mention Rating Score 20 Incidence Moderate Incidence Score 10 Total 60 Category C Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 99 Taylor Subject The topic of the resource Architectural surveys Historic preservation Historic buildings--Conservation and restoration Colonial revival (Architecture) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Architectural survey of 99 Taylor in Coldwater, Michigan conducted on May 9, 1976. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-05-09 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Michigan Coldwater https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/e05638c324adf4e1bf636de495413349.pdf 1b732901344e73676ccf7f5ff93e7639 PDF Text Text �MR For �Holbrook BRANCHry,-TrUCT 10 EAST : G O COLOWATE.k. ����A H I S TO RY O F T H E T I B B I T S OPERA HOUSE, 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 A dissertation submitted to the Kent S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Graduate C o l l e g e in partial fulfillment o f the for the degree o f Doctor o f Philosophy by Carolyn L. G i l l e s p i e June, 1975 �COLDWATERPUBLIC �MEN\ Dissertation written by Carolyn L. G i l l e s p i e B.A., Western Michigan University, 1970 M.A., Western Michigan U n i v e r s i t y, 1971 Ph.D., K e n t S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y, 1975 Approved b y (7 (L....(AChairman, D o c t o r a l D i s s e r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e 1„1.4Members, D o c t o r a l D i s s e r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e . D i r e c t o r , School o f Speech Dean, G r a d u a t e C o l l e g e i i ��ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish t o thank Miss P h y l l i s Holbrook, whose i n d e x to t h e C o l d w a t e r newspapers was a n i n v a l u a b l e a i d i n the location o f biographical information and terials. M y appreciation also goes t o Bob Branch, J r . and Jon H a r p e r who c o n t r i b u t e d t h e i r p h o t o g r a p h i c e x p e r t i s e . A special acknowledgment goes t o my a d v i s o r, D r. son, w h o was a l w a y s p r o m p t a n d i n t e r e s t e d . A n d cannot a d e q u a t e l y express my g r a t i t u d e and indebtedness t o my p a r e n t s , w h o h a v e s u p p o r t e d m y e i g h t y e a r s o f cation w i t h l o v i n g encouragement and c h e e r f u l g e n e r o s i t y. �CONTENT Chapter 1 I . INTRODUCTION Statement o f t h e problem 1 Justification o f the Definitions and limitations o f the study • • Evaluation o f previous research 6 Methodology 7 Organization 1 0 I I . B A R T O N S . T I B B I T S YEARS, 1 8 8 2 - 1 8 8 5 T h e a t r e a n d management Legitimate drama 3 Combination Plays R e p e r t o r y Companies U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s Visiting stars 4 Concerts 4 Related t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y Lecture and E l o c u t i o n i s t s Minstrels 4 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e Miscellaneous 4 Amateur p r o d u c t i o n s Synopsis 5 1 2 1 4 0 3 1 7 3 3 9 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 4 8 9 5 1 3 I I I . J O S E P H HENNING YEARS, J U L Y 1 8 8 5 -JUNE 1 8 9 4 T h e a t r e a n d management 5 Legitimate drama 6 Combination Plays 6 R e p e r t o r y Companies 7 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s Operas a n d O p e r e t t a s 7 Visiting stars . . . 7 Concerts 8 Related t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y Lectures 8 Minstrels 8 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e 8 Miscellaneous 9 Amataur p r o d u c t i o n s 9 Synopsis 9 iv • • 5 3 3 4 7 6 7 9 1 8 3 3 7 9 0 3 7 5 5 �Chapter I V. J O H N T . JACKSON YEARS, J U LY 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 0 4 9 9 Theatre a n d management 9 9 Legitimate drama 1 0 6 Combination Plays 1 0 7 Repertory Companies 1 1 4 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies 1 1 5 Opera a n d O p e r e t t a 1 1 6 Visiting stars 1 1 8 Concerts 1 2 0 Related t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y 1 2 2 Lectures 1 2 2 Minstrels 1 2 6 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e 1 2 7 Miscellaneous 1 2 8 Amateur p r o d u c t i o n s 1 3 1 Synopsis 1 3 3 V. S U M M A R Y A N D CONCLUSIONS 1 3 6 Summary Conclusions 136 14 14 Guide t o t h e Appendices Appendix A . T I B B I T S O P E R A H O U S E D AY B O O K 1 8 8 2 - 1 0 0 4 14 B . I N D E X T O T H E DAYBOOT; 94 Ta b l e Ta b l e Ta b l e Ta b l e C. A #1: #2: #3: #L:: I n d e x I n d e x I n d e x incide to t to t to t nce h e perfoImer.z 9 / 4 i he p l a y = 2 5 0 h e companies 2 6 2 o f entertainments . • • • 2 6 9 F U L L D E S C R I P T I O N O F T I B B I I S OPERA HOUSE • • • D . I I B B I T S O P E R A HOUSE D E D I C AT I O N A N D O T H E R PRESS ACCOUNTS O F S P E C I , t 1 , I N T E R E S T 2 8 F. I L L U S T R A T I C r i S B I - , LT- C ' R A P I T Y . . 2 2 9 9 0 8 2 7 0 1 �Chapter I INTRODUCTION Statement o f The p u r p o s e o f the problem this dissertation sional and amateur t h e a t r i c a l activity gan f r o m 1 8 8 2 t h r o u g h 1 9 0 4 . T h e is to in study focuses on b i t s Opera House w i t h s p e c i a l emphasis o n t h e t h e a t r e ' s as a c o m m u n i t y c u l t u r a l c e n t e r . the scope o f T h e role i n v e s t i g a t i o n summarizes a c t i v i t i e s housed i n t h e Opera House acterizes Coldwater's role a t r i c a l scene. I t i n the over-all mid- delineates the unique aspects o f the small town Opera House t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e T i b b i t s was m o r e than a m i n i a t u r e b i g c i t y theatre. Justification American t h e a t r i c a l in the l a s t two decades o f o f a c t i v i t y was e n j o y i n g a heyday the nineteenth c e n t u r y. studies have deta:aed the h i s t o r y ing this period. T h e r e professional theatrical M a n y o f t h e New Yo r k a l s o a r e numerous examinations o f activity in the larger out t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , J o h n M. C a l l a h a n ' s " A H i s t o r y of the Second O l y m p i c T h e a t r e o f S a i n t L o u i s , M i s s o u r i , 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 1 6 " b e i n g one f.:f t h e m o s t r e c e n t . H o w e v e r , 1 l i t t l e literature A �2 has b e e n d e v o t e d t o t h e p a r a l l e l upsurge i n i t y i n communities w i t h less t h a n 10,000 a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y i n Marshall, Mason and Adrian Michigan Opera Houses h a s b e e n examined i n D o n a l d S h a n o w e r ' s sertation, " A Comparative and Descriptive Study o f Three Opera Houses i n S o u t h e r n M i c h i g a n , 1 8 8 0 - 1 9 0 0 . " I n shall G. Cassady wrote a dissertation d e t a i l i n g "The H i s t o r y of Professional Theatre i n Salem, Ohio, 1847-1894." This s t u d y w i l l be s i m i l a r t o t h e Cassady over d i s s e r t a t i o n s i n t h a t i t w i l l provide an in- amination o f a small town theatre i n the l a s t two decades of t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y. H o w e v e r, b o t h professional and amateur t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y w i l l be examined. A l s o , tion o f each chapter w i l l d e t a i l non- t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t i e s housed i n t h e O p e r a House. I n t h e f e w s t u d i e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n made o n s m a l l town t h e a t r e s t h e r e h a s b e e n a t e n d e n c y t o s e e t h e m o r e r u r a l communities a s a " l i t t l e New Yo r k . " T h u s , t h e r e s e a r c h e r s have c o n f i n e d t h e i r e x a m i n a t i o n s m o s t l y t o atre. T h i s assumes t h a t t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y s m a l l t o w n t h e a t r e functioned l i k e 1 9 t h century c i t y theatres which e x i s t mainly to house l i v e s t a g e p r o d u c t i o n s . I n truth, profess! a t r e was o n l y one o f many e n t e r t a i n m e n t s housed i n t h e s m a l l town O p e r a H o u s e . W h i l e t h e m e a s u r i n g s t i c k o f s u c c e s s f o r a New Yo r k t h e a t r e m i g h t b e t h e number o f shows p e r y e a r o r �3 the c a l i b r e o f stars appearing on i t s stage, the longevity o f a s m a l l t o w n t h e a t r e seems more r e l a t e d t o adapt t o a multiplicity i t s a b i l i t y to o f community needs. T h u s , water Opera House o u t l a s t e d many o t h e r t h e a t r e s duced more p r o f e s s i o n a l dramas b y a h i g h e r c a l i b r e former. The a s s u m p t i o n b y many r e s e a r c h e r s t h a t N e w views o r inclusion i n Odell's Annals o f t h e New Yo r k S t a g f c o n s t i t u t e s s t a r d o m a l s o seems t o i m p o s e a New Yo r k s t a n d a r d on a s m a l l t o w n . T h e r e i s an assumption t h a t local reviewers are i g n o r a n t f e l l o w s who d o n ' t k n o w g o o d f r o m b a d a n y w a y. This viewpoint w i l l never unearth the 19th century dramatic c r i t i c i s m w h i c h s e r v e d a t l e a s t 90% o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s population.- Because o f t e l e v i s i o n and the r a p i d t i o n w h i c h i s c a u s i n g o u r w o r l d t o g r o w s m a l l e r we a r e much more l i k e l y today to be influenced were s m a l l t o w n d w e l l e r s i n b y a New Yo r k t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y. wonder t h a t l o c a l r e v i e w e r s d i d n ' t I t ' s l i t t l e kick up their heels over a production by Jessie Bonstelle o r Rosella Knott. W h i l e these p e r f o r m e r s w e r e p o p u l a r w i t h New Yo r k a u d i e n c e s s e v e r a l decades b e f o r e t h e y p e r f o r m e d a t t h e T i b b i t s , press s a w t w o o l d women. T h u s , t h i s t h e Coldwater s t u d y does n o t assume the New Yo r k c r i t i c a l s t a n d a r d b u t i n s t e a d a c c e p t s t h e v i e w s of local reviewers. The g r e a t e s t w o r t h o f t h i s s t u d y may be t h a t tablishes a view o f a 19th century small town theatre i n �4 terms o f i t s own m e r i t r a t h e r t h a n a g a i n s t a New Yo r k C i t y measuring s t i c k . the t o t a l i t y I f we a r e t o d e v e l o p a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f o f American theatre h i s t o r y to i s o l a t e t h e u n i q u e a s p e c t s o f well as the way With t h i s i t dove- t a i l s the small town theatre as w i t h New Yo r k e x p e c t a t i o n s . i n mind, l o c a l newspapers w i l l source f o r the study. Tibbits against b i g T h e i t becomes n e c e s s a r y provide the primary d i s s e r t a t i o n does n o t measure t h e c i t y theatres but instead reveals the Opera H o u s e ' s r e l e v a n c e t o t h e s m a l l c o m m u n i t y a s r e c o u n t e d i n c o n t e m p o r a r y, l o c a l p r e s s r e l e a s e s . Unlike most nineteenth c e n t u r y, s m a l l town t h e a t r e s , the T i b b i t s Opera House c o n t i n u e s t o offers a wide variety function and c u r r e n t l y of live entertainment. vations, while not altering the structure have a g a i n t u r n e d i t o f the theatre, i n t o a community c u l t u r a l c e n t e r which manages t o r e m a i n a monument t o t h e p a s t . T h e r e f o r e tory of the f i r s t t w o decades o f theatrical Opera H o u s e w i l l b e o f s p e c i a l s i g n i f i c a n c e activity t o of Coldwater and t o Michigan c u l t u r a l h i s t o r y. This h i s t o r y the l a s t decades o f impetus f o r o f Coldwater's theatrical activity in t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y may p r o v i d e t h e f u r t h e r investigation o f small town theatres and eventually the basis f o r an American theatre h i s t o r y which extends b e y o n d New Yo r k C i t y a n d p r o v i d e s a c o m p r e h e n s i v e view o f nineteenth century t h e a t r i c a l the U n i t e d S t a t e s . a c t i v i t y throughout 4 �5 Definitions and limitations This study i s between i t s a history o f o f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House i n a u g u r a l performance i n 1882 and i t s 1904 t o H u l d a h H e n n i n g J a c k s o n a s r e v e a l e d i n press. T h e sale i n the local 1904 t e r m i n a t i o n date was selected because w i t h the a d v e n t o f m o t i o n p i c t u r e s , t h e t h e a t r e ceased strate m u l t i p l i c i t y o f purpose. T h e accuracy ness o f t h e s e l o c a l a c c o u n t s were v e r i f i e d references i n t h e New Yo r k Dramatic M i r r o r , substantiated l o c a l accounts o f visiting the Tibbits. O f t e n , from T h e Mirror also the r o u t e s taken b y companies M i r r o r accounts were r e c t l y from t h e Coldwater newspapers. All a c t i v i t i e s housed w i t h i n t h e t h e a t r e a r e listed in t h e daybook. H o w e v e r, t h e 731 p l a y s presented d u r i n g the period and the myriad other a c t i v i t i e s preclude the coverage of each event tigation i n the body o f the study. T h e r e f o r e , w i l l focus on those plays o r representative o f the total a c t i v i t i e s which were theatrical picture o r which the press l a b e l e d u n i q u e o r u n u s u a l i n some w a y. M a n y of the performers appearing a t t h e Ti b b i t s were a t one t i m e prominent enough t o g a i n a l i s t i n g in either the D i c i o n a r y Biography o r Orlell's Annals o f the o f Americo.n New Y o r k S t a r e . H o w e v e r , by t h e t i m e t h e y g o t t o t h e T i b b i t s t h e l o c a l p r e s s f o u n d them t o o f a r past t h e i r prime t o be labeled a Theref(re, referevees t o "stae-s" i n "star." this study w i l l reflect �6 the b i a s o f the local press. Legitimate theatre refers performed b y p r o f e s s i o n a l a c t o r s . to any live stage play T h e r e i s no d i s t i n c t i o n between m u s i c a l a n d n o n - m u s i c a l p r o d u c t i o n s . large majority I n fact, a o f dramas t h e l o c a l press l a b e l e d " l e g i t i m a t e " included singing and dancing. T h u s operas, operettas, Uncle To m ' s C a b i n , a n d a l l p r o f e s s i o n a l drama are here l a b e l e d "legitimate." Amateur theatricals are those entertainments prepared b y and f e a t u r i n g l o c a l t a l e n t who engage i n theatrical pursuits as a pastime rather than a profession. Va r i e t y was a f o r m o f entertainment c o n s i s t i n g related s p e c i a l t y acts, dancing, musical numbers, sketches and s h o r t p l a y s . T h i s c a t e g o r y includes pantomime t r o u p e s such a s t h e H u m p t y Dumpty companies a n d g a i e t y s h o w s . A s these v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s became more in t h e 1 8 9 0 ' s and 1900's t h e y were renamed v a u d e v i l l e . Evaluation o f previous research There h a s been no comprehensive s t u d y c f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House o r of theatrical activity i n Coldwater, M i c h i g a n . W i l l i s Dunbar wrote a few paragraphs about Coldwater's Opera House i n M i c h i g a n T h r o u g h t h e C e n t u r i e s a n d a l s o a u t h o r e d an a r t i c l e e n t i t l e d "The Opera House a s a S o c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n in Michigan" which appeared i n a 1943 Michigan zine. T h e Snanower and Cassady d i s s e r t a t i o n s a r e n o t much d i r e c t b e n e f i t t o a researcher dealing with o f �7 water Michigan theatre. Methodology Since t h e r e i s n o p r e v i o u s s t u d y o f t h e O p e r a House the most i m p o r t a n t s o u r c e s u t i l i z e d were n i n e a r e a n e w s p a p e r s . W i t h porter all in this investigation the exception o f o f these newspapers were a v a i l a b l e a t water Public L i b r a r y. Most o f t h e a c c o u n t s o f c u l t u r a l e v e n t s i n C o l d w a t e r p r i o r t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Opera House were t a k e n f r o m The C o l d w a t e r S e n t i n e l , w h i c h b e g a n p u b l i c a t i o n i n 1 8 4 1 . The S e n t i n e l p u b l i s h e d c o n t i n u o u s l y t h r o u g h M a y o f 1 8 5 4 . I t reappeared i n 1864 a s t h e Coldwater Union S e n t i n e l . A f t e r the C i v i l War t h e f o r m e r masthead r e t u r n e d u n t i l 1 8 7 0 when the p a p e r ceased p u b l i c a t i o n . O t h e r e a r l y references were taken from t h e Branch County Journal which published f o r a two y e a r p e r i o d b e g i n n i n g i n 1 8 5 1 a n d T h e R e p u b l i c a n w h i c h printed i t s inaugural edition i n 1866. I n 1868 l i c a n became T h e C o l d w a t e r Republican a n d p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e same m a s t h e a d f o r t h e n e x t 2 9 y e a r s . A l l of the cept The Coldwater Republican were i s s u e d once a week. T h e Coldwater Republican published t w i c e a week. The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n a n d T h e C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , Michigan., w h i c h p r i n t e d i t s i n a u g u r a l e d i t i o n l o s s t h a n t w o months a f t e r t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e , w e r e t h e c h i e f sources f o r t h e f i r s t f i f t e e n years o f the �8 The R e p u b l i c a n c o n t i n u e d t o p u b l i s h t w i c e a w e e k , w h i l e T h e Courier p u b l i s h e d w e e k l y, t w i c e a week and d a i l y times. I n at various 1897 t h e t w o p a p e r s merged t o become The C o u r i e r and R e p u b l i c a n . T h e Coldwater Reporter, w h i c h tion i n 1896, was a l s o useful i n years i n c l u d e d T h e i n t h i s study. reconstructing the l a t e r R e p o r t e r was a v a i l a b l e at the Coldwater D a i l y Reporter o f f i c e . Prior t o 1882 most items about theatre and o t h e r cultural events were b r i e f , names a n d d a t e s . l i t t l e more t h a n a l i s t i n g of O f t e n amateur events g o t the most coverage. A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Opera House b o t h t h e C o u r i e r and t h e R e p u b l i c a n g a v e m o r e a t t e n t i o n t o theatrical events, with the Republican a t times publishing rather sophisticated reviews. U s u a l l y , local news. O n e theatrical s t o r i e s were p r i n t e d w i t h the l i n e advertisements also appeared here. Display ads were a p t t o appear anywhere i n the paper. S h o r t l y a f t e r t h e C o u r i e r and Republican merged t h e y had ment w i t h t h e T i b b i t s ' management a n d s t o p p e d views and t h e a t r i c a l reviews. amateur e v e n t s . T h e T h e y did continue t o cover R e p o r t e r c a r r i e d p i e -show p u b l i c i t y and d i s p l a y ads b u t was l a x a b o u t r e v i e w i n g many o f tions. Very f e w a d d i t i o n a l p r i m a r y s o u r c e s w e r e a v a i l a b l e . 1 1 The l o c a l H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y , c o n t a c t e d i n the Winter �9 The T i b b i t s F o u n d a t i o n h a s a n i n c o m p l e t e and p l a y b i l l s w h i c h a r e o f f i l e o f interest but provided mation n o t found i n the newspapers. T h e Coldwater Public L i b r a r y ' s " P a m p h l e t F i l e " c o n t a i n e d some p i c t u r e s o f the Opera House a n d t o w n i n t h e 1 8 8 0 ' s a n d 9 0 ' s . ary d i a r i e s housed i n the " F i l e " omitted any mention o f the Opera H o u s e . W i t h the exception o f Coldwater I l l u s t r a t e d , which provided a capsule h i s t o r y o f the town, most l o c a l and county h i s t o r i e s d i d n o t shed much l i g h t o n t h e tural attainments. Michigan h i s t o r i e s commented o n t h e s o c i a l , economic, a n d r e l i g i o u s i n f l u e n c e s p r e v a l e n t at t h e t i m e o f i n t h i s study but tended to equate Detroit with the whole o f M i c h i g a n . of 1974, c o u l d suggest no p o s s i b l e sources and was unable to s u p p l y a n y m a t e r i a l s r e l a t e d t o t h i s s t u d y. A p l e a i n the s o c i e t y ' s n e w s l e t t e r a l s o r e c e i v e d n o r e s p o n s e . T h e Coldwater Public L i b r a r y had several boxes o f u n c l a s s i f i e d h i s t o r i c a l m a t e r i a l , however none o f i t r e l a t e d t o t h e Ti b b i t s . A v i s i t t o t h e Branch County Archives gional H i s t o r y C o l l e c t i o n housed a t Western v e r s i t y i n Kalamazoo, Michigan, t u r n e d up one temporary t o t h e s t u d y b u t t h i s a l s o made n o m e n t i o n o f t h e Opera H o u s e . A n u m b e r o f phone c a l l s w e r e made t o a r e a residents who had c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e T i h b i t ' s r e s t o r a t i o n in the 1960's. O n e o f these c a l l s revealed that Josephine Henning Beyer had k e p t a scrapbook o f programs a n d graph book o f 1 9 t h c e n t u r y s t a r s who p l a y e d a t t h e T i b b i t s . These v o l u m e s w e r e f i n a l l y l o c a t e d i n t h e b a c k o f in the Tibbits Theatre office. F u r t h e r inquires negative responses o r the suggestion t h a t t h e tact the l o c a l H i s t o r i c a l Society o r Branch County Archives. Thus, l o c a l newspapers c o n s t i t u t e d t h e o n l y comprehensive primary source. �10 Organization A chronological-descriptive approach has ized. C h a p t e r I I begins with a b r i e f cultural history of Coldwater and then d e t a i l s t h e years o f Bart S. T i b b i t s ' ownership o f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House. T h e following two chapters d e a l w i t h the years d u r i n g which Joseph Henning owned t h e O p e r a H o u s e . C h a p t e r I I I covers the period from 1885-1894 when H e n n i n g u t i l i z e d a number o f managers. T h e first decade Chapter I V. o f J o h n J a c k s o n ' s management i s T h e second, t h i r d and f o u r t h chapters d i v i d e d i n t o s e c t i o n s o n t h e a t r e a n d management, l e g i t i m a t e drama, s t a r s , c o n c e r t s , r e l a t e d t h e a t r i c a l amateur p r o d u c t i o n s . T h e and t h e c o n c l u s i o n s o f There i s a activities, and l a s t c h a p t e r c o n t a i n s a summary t h i s study. b r i e f guide t o t h e appendices explaining t h e i r scope and how t h e y are organized. A p p e n d i x A i s book d e t a i l i n g e v e r y a c t i v i t y at the Tibbits from t i o n i n 1882 th:-ough 1904. selective index t o the daybook A with sections on performers, p l a y s and t h e a t r i c a l companies is included i n Appendix B. of each type A chart detailing the incidence o f entertainment i s also included i n pendix. A p p e n d i x C contains t h e e n t i r e newspaper account concerning t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Opera House. A p p e n d i x D includes an account o f newspaper a r t i c l e s the theatre's dedication and o t h e r o f special interest. Appendix E contains �11 photograph o f t h e T i b b i t s facade i n significant illustrations. A the 19th century and o t h e r bibliography s t u d y. This study provides a chronological, amination o f theatrical show t h e u n i q u e f u n c t i o n a c t i v i t y and l o c a l press r e a c t i o n t o o f t h e Opera House i n Stated as a question the hypothesis i s : of theatrical and non-theatrical W h a t was t h e e x t e n t activity Opera House f r o m 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 a n d d o e s t h i s a small town. at the Tibbits a c t i v i t y support the c o n t e n t i o n t h a t t h e Opera House f u n c t i o n e d d u r i n g t h e s e years as a small town c u l t u r a l center? �Chapter I I BARTON S . T I B B I T S Y E A R S , 1 8 8 2 - 1 8 8 5 Located 155 miles e a s t o f Chicago, 88 miles west o f To l e d o a n d 1 2 8 m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f D e t r o i t , Coldwater, Michigan was a n a t u r a l w a y - s t a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s e l a r g e m i d - w e s t e r n cities. T h e town, which recorded i t s in the 1880's, was on the main l i n e population as 6000 o f the Lakeshore and Michigan Southern Railway and served as t h e c e n t r a l market for farmer's products f o r a large t e r r i t o r y. 1 C o l d w a t e r ' s easy a c c e s s i b i l i t y and t h e s u r r o u n d i n g l a k e s a n d f o r e s t e d parks made t h e t o w n a p o p u l a r r e s o r t f o r city t u a l l y t h e C o l d w a t e r a r e a was s e r v i c e d b y t h e sion o f t h e M i c h i g a n C e n t r a l R a i l w a y, t h e a i r - Ft. son a n d S a g i n a w l i n e a n d t h e S t . L o u i s , S t u r g i s , B a t t l e Creek R a i l r o a d . 2 the s t a t e i n By t h e t u r n o f the century, t h e town l e d the breeding o f fine horses and the of cigars. 1All Coldwater h i s t o r y w i l l be taken from J . S . C o n o v e r, e d . , C o l d w a t e r I l l u s t r a t e d ( C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n : J. S . C o n o v e r, 1 8 8 9 ) a n d Henry P. C o l l i n , H i s t o r y j4raphical Record o f Branch c o u n t y Michigan (New Yo r k : T h e L e w i s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 6 ) . 2The C o u r i e r — C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n , 1 6 D e c . 1 8 9 3 , p• 1 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o C o u r i e r. 12 �1 Coldwater's c i t i z e n s were always unique i n terest i n a r t and literature. Besides a ShakespeareClub3 the town boasted t h e L e w i s A r t G a l l e r y. T h i s "collection o f paintings and statuary . . largest on the continent, and i n point . p r i v a t e l y owned said to be the o f paring f a v o r a b l y w i t h any other" was thrown open f r e e charge t o o f the public every Saturday beginning i n the 1870's. The C o l d w a t e r F r e e P u b l i c L i b r a r y w a s e s t a b l i s h e d and b y t h e e n d o f i n 1880 t h a t decade t h e l i b r a r y boasted umes a n d a n e w b u i l d i n g . A local l i b r a r i a n was i n s t r u m e n t a l in organizing the Michigan State Library Association. All o f t h i s added up t o a community t h a t although small was i n no way i n s u l a r. T h e location on the crossroads between D e t r o i t a n d Chicago b r o u g h t a huge v a r i e t y through the c i t y. C o l d w a t e r ' s reputation as a resort and the S t a t e ' s c a p i t a l o f horse breeding also brought i n d i v i d u a l s f r o m more metropolitan areas. flux o f o f people i n many T h i s people not only kept the l o c a l citizens the l a t e s t a r t i s t i c trends and helped t o develop a taste the b e s t c u l t u r a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s , b u t i t ber o f w e a l t h y c i t i z e n s who were w i l l i n g profits back f o r also created t o p u t some o f their into The f i r s t r e c o r d e d theatric.k1 performance was 3The C o l d w a t e r R e p l b l i c a i i , 4 N o v . 1 8 8 1 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o Pepublinan. �1 d u c t i o n o f U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n o n May 2 6 , 1 8 5 4 . 4 F o l l o w i n g this, there are records o f formed i n the c i t y prior only seven legitimate t o 1879. B e t w e e n 1879 and 1881 over 30 l e g i t i m a t e dramas and a number o f m i n s t r e l and musical entertainments were performed i n the c i t y . P r i o r t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House i n 1882 t h e l o c a l c i t i z e n s entertainments. M a n y utilized a variety lectures were held i n of halls f o r local churches while l e g i t i m a t e t h e a t r e was g e n e r a l l y quartered i n Armory Hall, Seely's Hall o r Noyes H a l l . A r c a d e house a n d t h e G l o b e t h e a t r e period and specialized i n tertainments.5 a l l H a l l , C l a r k ' s Opera operated only a short v a r i e t y and burlesque By 1 8 8 0 , m o s t e n t e r t a i n m e n t s w e r e h e l d a t Armory H a l l . W h e n t h a t h a l l burned t o t h e ground o n June 21, 1881, l e a v i n g o n l y g u n s a n d a f e w c h a i r s , t h e were l e f t for local people w i t h no place t o house t h e a t r i c a l entertainments. Theatre a n d Management The l o c a l p r e s s h a d a c t u a l l y b e g u n t o c a m p a i g n f o r a n Opera House a s e a r l y a s 1 8 7 9 when t h e S e n t i n e l r a n a s e r i e s of s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s o n music and t h e drama, commenting on the l i v e s a n d c a r e e r s o f such s t a r s a s B o o t h , B e r n h a r d t , Salvini and Ristori. W i t h the demise o f Armory H a l l t h e press 4The C o l d w a t e r S e n t i n e l , 2 6 M a y 1 8 5 4 . 5Republican, 6 Jan. 1882. �15 stepped u p t h e i r ity in efforts to i n t e r e s t someone i n b u i l d i n g an Opera House. T h e y wrote t h a t "no dances can b e h a d w i t h o u t c l i m b i n g t w o p a i r s representations can be seen a t a l l . " 6 sure t h e p u b l i c . the s t a r s i f t h a t "There i s . . o f stairs; no dramatic They went o n no trouble about getting you have a place t o p u t them i n . . Where i s the c i t i z e n who w a n t s fame and f o r t u n e ? " 7 M r. H . C . L e w i s , t h e o w n e r o f t h e L e w i s A r t was o n e o f the f i r s t t o Gallery, take up the newspaper's On N o v e m b e r 8 , 1 8 8 1 h e w r o t e B a r t S . T i b b i t s , t h e mayor o f Coldwater, t h a t h e w o u l d e r e c t a $16,000 Opera ing the Mayor could raise one h a l f the c o s t . T h e ported t h a t T i b b i t s attempted t o r a i s e t h e money l o c a l l y b u t the " b l o a t e d b o n d - h o l d e r s " i n Coldwater wanted no p a r t such a f i n a n c i a l l y s h a k y e n t e r p r i s e . 9 bits decided to I n disgust, b u i l d a theatre himself--even his c i g a r factory.10 o f i f i t "bust" By N o v. 1 1 , h e h a d b o u g h t l a n d chett s t r e e t a c r o s s f r o m h i s f a c t o r y and engaged t h e a r c h i t e c t , 1 M o r t i m e r S m i t h , w h o d e s i g n e d t h e Y p s i l a n t i Opera. H o u 3 e . 1 6Republican, 8 J u l y 1831. 7Rep.ib1ican, 8 J u l y 1881. 8Repub1ican, 2 5 Oct. 1381. 9Republican, 8 N o v. 1 8 8 1 . 1 0 R e p u b 11 c a n , 8 N o v . 1 8 8 1 . 11_ q x l i b l i r. a n , 11 N o v. 1 8 3 1 . �1 It's interesting to note that only three days elapsed between L e w i s ' r e q u e s t cision to f o r local funds and Bart b u i l d t h e Opera House h i m s e l f . very b r i e f period i n which to surmise t h a t T i b b i t s S i n c e t h i s seems a s o l i c i t matching funds one can didn't look very hard for local support before t a k i n g the p r o j e c t away from Lewis. Denny Va n e s , t h e o w n e r o f t h e T i b b i t s O p e r a House during the 1920's and 30's called Bart Tibbits "the greatest 'pusher' i n Michigan." H e r e c a l l e d t h a t "Mr. T i b b i t s was a h u s t l e r b y nature, broad minded and l i b e r a l and always ready to h e l p t h e n e e d y a n d s u f f e r i n g . H e was outspoken i n his sentiments and sometimes gave o ff e n s e where none tended."12 T h e son o f Allen Tibbits, one o f the original founders o f Coldwater, h e r e t u r n e d t o t h e community s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e C i v i l War and opened a tobacco and c i g a r s t o r e . Druing t h e next f e w years he was associated w i t h t h e American C i g a r Company a n d e v e n t u a l l y became t h e s e c r e t a r y o f enterprise.13 in A p r i l that I n 1 8 7 4 , h e opened t h e B . S . T. C i g a r Co. a n d o f 1881, h e was e l e c t e d Mayor o f Coldwater.14 that time, i n From a d d i t i o n t o t h e Opera House, h e was associated with nearly every large i n d u s t r y and b u i l d i n g i n Coldwater, including the skating rink, o i l 12 cart factory, and Coldwater D a i l y Reporter, n . d . c . 1920. 13The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b ) i c a n , 2 5 A u g . 1 8 9 9 , p . 14h2publican, 3 April 08.1. 5• �17 d u s t r y. H e even purchased gate t h e l o c a l l a k e s . T h e cial drain on Tibbits. prise t h e H e Opera House m y business, which had I a millionaire."15 a number o f steam boats Opera House p r o v e d a wrote " I attribute to downfall, and the sacrifice been s e l f i s h , w o u l d today have Upon h i s d e a t h i n 1 8 9 9 h i s o b i t u a r y l a u d e d Barton S . T i b b i t s a s " a g e n i a l , w h o l e s o u l e d man, g e n e r o u s to t h e p o o r, l a v i s h w i t h h i s i n t i m a t e s , a l o y a l friend and comrade."16 E x c a v a t i o n f o r t h e T i b b i t s O p e r a House commenced o n W e d n e s d a y, N o v e m b e r 2 3 , 1 8 8 1 . 1 7 W o r k b e g a n o n t i o n March 23, 1882 and w i t h t h e exception o f s e v e r a l weeks lost on account o f inclement weather the gressed r a p i d l y. 1 8 On S e p t e m b e r 1 9 , 1 8 8 2 - - t w o d a y s b e f o r e the R e p u b l i c a n p r i n t e d a complete d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e Opera House a n d 5 c e n e r y . 1 9 T h e b u i l d i n g was 125 f e e t l o n g and 56 1'Coldwater D a i l y Reporter, n . d . c . 1920. 16The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n , 2 5 A u g . 1 8 9 9 , p . 5. 17Repub1ican, 2 5 N o v. 1 8 8 1 . Republican, publican reported tha caused b y sLow d e l i v e North Adams, M i c h i g a n tional $400. 1 9 Sept. 1882. T h e May t Mayor Ti b b i t s , annoyed ry of a brick kiln, took where he purchased one f 12, by a delay a train to o r 19Ualess o t h e r w i s e n o t e d , t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r section i s taken from Republican, 19 Sept. 1882. this �`Vr 1 feet wide.2 \The f r o n t e l e v a t i o n which r e f l e c t e d modern s t y l e o f a r c h i t e c t u r e " w a s s u r m o u n t e d b y a 2 4 f o o t high cone covered w i t h s l a t e w i t h a f l a g s t a f f more f e e t i n t o t h e a i r , m o u n t e d w i t h a g o l d e n e a g l e . A t the b a s e o f t h e c o n e was a b r o n z e b u s t o f Shakespeare a n d immediately b e n e a t h , a window f r o n t e d b y a n i r o n b a l c o n y. On a g o l d l e a f c i r c l e o v e r t h e w i n d o w w e r e t h e w o r d s b i t s Opera-House, 1 8 8 2 . " T h e e n t i r e f r o n t facade was a tasteful combination o f pressed red brick, c u t stone, and black brick. ' The i n t e r i o r w a s a p p r o a c h e d t h r o u g h a g r a n d e n t r a n c e two f e e t a b o v e t h e s t r e e t l e v e l , 1 3 f e e t w i d e , a n d 2 5 f e e t long. T h e box o f f i c e , m a n a g e r ' s o f f i c e , s m o k i n g room broad s t a i r w a y s l e a d i n g t o t h e Dress C i r c l e opened o f f t h e entrance f o y e r. The a u d i t o r i u m , w h i c h w a s 5 6 b y 5 7 f e e t , w a s e n t e r e d through s p r i n g doors covered w i t h d a r k t e r r a - c o t t a l e a t h e r with gold trimmings. T h e parquet and parquet c i r c l e were in t h e shape o f a n amphitheater, w i t h between t h e t i e r s stage. T h e o f seats t o give an excellent view o f the s i d e s o f t h e proscenium opening were private boxes. T h e orchestra p i t was so s i t u a t e d i n f r o n t 20An e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e s e a n d o t h e r f i g u r e s article reireals t h a t the reporter usually referred side d i m e n s i o n s o r i n some c a s e s e s t i m a t e s . A c o n j e c t u r a l sketch o f t h e Opera House i n 1 8 8 2 , b a s e d upon t h i s a c c o u n t , is i n c l u d e d i n Appendix E . F o r more s p e c i f i c c e r n i n g t h e C o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e O p e r a House s e e Appendix C . �1 of the stage that i t did not obstruct the view of ence. O r n a m e n t a l r a i l i n g s s e p a r a t e d t h e p a r q u e t tra p i t and the parquet and parquet c i r c l e . Throughout t h e house, t h e decorations ing were r i c h and harmonious i n i n cameo t i n t s coloring and design. C o l o r e d w i t h accent colors o f cardinal, green and gold, the a u d i t o r i u m presented a b r i g h t and a i r y appearance. T h e aisles and boxes were carpeted while t h e s t a i r s and l o b b y were c o v e r e d w i t h h e a v y m a t t i n g . The p r o s c e n i u m b o x e s w e r e d r a p e d w i t h c a r d i n a l s i l k plush curtains l i n e d w i t h o l d gold and trimmed w i t h broad antique lace. T h e lambrequins--or valances--were trimmed with ornamental braid and s i l k cords and t a s s e l s . tints o f gold " i n the rest T h e fringe and looped w i t h heavy box fronts, reflecting o f the house, were trimmed w i t h green and the style o f the Renaissance," and ornamented w i t h large beveled plate glass mirrors. T h e parquet, and dress c i r c l e were a l l upholstered i n plush and bordered w i t h a A portrait proscenium a r c h . railings o f the boxes, cardinal g i l t moulding. o f Shakespeare occupied t h e c e n t e r T h i s was f l a n k e d e n of the either side panels bordered w i t h c a r d i n a l w h i l e a group o f cherubs representing music and t h e drama posed against a background o f l i g h t summer s k y above t h e p o r t r a i t . dome, m o r e c h e r u b s a n d t r a i l i n g garinds W i t h i n the ceiling o f rounded t h e s i i n l i g l I t c h a n d e l i e r suspenderl aboNe t h e p a r q u e t . �20 The a u d i t o r i u m w a s o r n a m e n t e d w i t h " v a s e s o f quets and conventional v i n e s and f i g u r e s . " wrote " I t i s impossible to give a description tions which w i l l convey an adequate i d e a of of t h e i r beauty." The p a r q u e t a n d p a r q u e t c i r c l e w e r e f u r n i s h e d w i t h patent f o l d i n g chairs frequently referred t o as "grand opera chairs." Upholstered 1000 c h a i r s i n in dark cardinal plush, each of the the house provided f o o t r e s t s , and hat and umbrella racks. T i b b i t s ' p e r s o n a l monogram was o n t h e b a c k of each chair. L. B . C h e v e l i e r , a Detroit a r t i s t who d e c o r a t e d t h e auditorium, a l s o p a i n t e d t h e d r o p c u r t a i n s and s c e n e r y. His f r o n t c u r t a i n depicted a brown c u r t a i n with a reverse of green thrown over a bar extending across the top proscenium a r c h . A p i n k c u r t a i n , w i t h shadows o f curtain and tassels, descended from the b a r. A the brown broad f l i g h t of stairs lead to a terrace fenced by a balustrade. in court dress, stood ear t o t h e c u r t a i n " a s on e a c h s i d e o f of the A page, i n the center of the terrace with his i f waiting f o r the signal t o part i t the wings." A l o c a l paper labeled another drop, apparently used between a c t s , "a m o d e l o f s c e n i c a r t . " T h i s d r o p showed t h e grand c a n a l o f Venice framed a n d draped w i t h c u r t a i n s gold and brown damask w i t h a r e v e r s e o f pink. T h e o f Tibbits' i n t e r i o r accent colors--cardinal, green and gold--were �21 duplicated on the border of the drop. canal, reminiscent the c a n a l i n o f T h e C a n a l e t t o ' s Venetian p a i n t i n g s , showed the immediate foreground, crowded w i t h gondolas, marketmen's barges and f i s h i n g v e s s e l s . of the boats and crews dressed i n brilliant view o f the grand T h e b r i g h t garments " f u r n i s h c o l o r effects, which form a varied and pleasing spectacle." T h e boundary w i t h middle foreground depicted the shore p i l l a r s , arches, windows and t u r r e t s of Venetian a r c h i t e c t u r e . C h e v e l i e r painted the palace o f the Doge o f Ve n i c e a n d t h e campanile a n d palace o f with the Bridge typical St. Mark's o f Sighs leading t o the prison. publican noted that "This i s a painting that w i l l bear the severest c r i t i c i s m and c l o s e s t i n s p e c t i o n . " John B . Hanna, f o r m e r l y o f t h e B u f f a l o atre, superintended the rigging o f the stage machinery i n the Opera House a n d t h e b u i l d i n g o f s e t p i e c e s . mained i n the position o f head stage carpenter u n t i l June o f 1885 when he moved o n t o W h i t n e y ' s Opera House i n Detroit.21 The s t a g e h o u s e w a s 5 3 f e e t w i d e , 3 4 f e e t d e e p a n d 3 6 f e e t high from f l o o r t o at the sides the stage, and the r i g g i n g o f with machinery t o rigging-loft. G a l l e r i e s l o f t was supplied s h i f t a n d handle t h e s c e n e r y. T h e stage was e q u i p p e d w i t h a p a i n t - b r i d g e a n d m o v a b l e f r a m e , f i v e sets o f grooves, t r a p doors, and " e v e r y 21 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 1 J u n e 1 P 8 5 . COLDWATERPUBLIC �22 ence."22 Speaking tubes and b e l l s i g n a l s , l o c a t e d n e a r t h e prompter's s t a n d , p l a c e d the stage manager i n cation with the box office, orchestra, and with trap s h i f t e r s above, below and a t e i t h e r side o f On s t a g e l e v e l a n d t o t h e r e a r a h a l l greenroom, a led the stage. o f f to a s t a r and two o t h e r d r e s s i n g rooms a n d a scene dock 21 f e e t h i g h . T h e green room and a l l t h e d r e s s i n g rooms boasted c a r p e t i n g and "every convenience which c o n t r i b u t e s to t h e comfort o f the profession." T h e second vided f o u r more l a r g e d r e s s i n g rooms. B e l o w was a r o o m f o r t h e o r c h e s t r a , the stage there a band room, and a room commodate m i n s t r e l s . The T i b b i t s O p e r a H o u s e s t o c k o f s c e n e r y w a s s a i d t o be " t h e l a r g e s t a n d f i n e s t i n Michigan," the o n e - t h i r d more i t e m s t h a n t h e Kalamazoo Opera House.23 listing The o f scenery and set pieces indicates t h a t the Ti b b i t s was u n u s u a l l y w e l l e q u i p p e d t o s t a g e t h e m e l o d r a m a s ces w h i c h made u p a l a r g e p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y drama.24 22The O p e r a H o u s e b o a s t e d o f a s p e c i a l " v a m p i r e t r a p . " A c c o r d i n g t o t h e R e p u b l i c a n , 7 N o v. 1 8 3 2 , " A l l y o u h a v e t o d o is t o step on i t and c r y out, ' a l l aboard,' and 'presto change' you f i n d y o u r s e l f doubled u p o n t h e basement f l o o r broken w r i s t . " 23Republican, 1 6 May 1882. 24A c o m p l e t e l i s t i n g Appendix C. of set pieces i s included i n �23 The T i b b i t s ' s t o c k o f scenery included drops, wings and s k y b o r d e r s a n d a l s o i n d i v i d u a l s e t p i e c e s . F o r interior scenes, t h e y c o u l d r e p r o d u c e a " f a n c y c h a m b e r, " o a k chamber, p l a i n chamber, o r dows, a f i r e kitchen--each setting including p l a c e , and special touches such as a f o r t h e p l a i n chamber. T h e y also had the pict a palace, conservatory and a prison. f a c i l i t i e s F o r e x t e r i o r scenes t h e y c o u l d r e p r o d u c e a w o o d s c e n e - - c o m p l e t e w i t h stumps a n d logs, a street, rustic bridge, a snow landscape, a garden, a a village, p l a s t e r cottage, b r i c k house, l o g "plain house." T h e y a hut, o r also had a water landscape drop, one gondola and a r o w b o a t . O t h e r special pieces included a ship scene w i t h t h i r t e e n pieces, a set fountain, a n arbor, a Juliet tomb stone, " s e t waters" and a stage chandelier. I n January o f 1882, t h e Republican announced t h a t B . S. T i b b i t s h a d m a d e a c o n t r a c t w i t h t h e J e n n y E l e c t r i c L i g h t Co. o f F t . Wayne I n d i a n a t o light t h e c i g a r f a c t o r y and Opera House.25 H o w e v e r, i t appears t h a t to l i g h t the front o f the Opera House, w h i l e g a s f a x t u r e s continued t o e l e c t r i c i t y was used o n l y function within the theatre. The l i g h t i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g trolled from the stage, w i t h the main pipe so arranged that the g a s c o u l d b e c u t o f f from any part o f the building i n an Instant. T h e r e were 306 l i g h t s --auditorium, 94; stage, 174; 258epublican, 3 Jan. 1882. �2 dressing rooms, 1 6 ; basement, 1 2 ; o f f i c e , v e s t i b u l e , c o n y, 1 0 . A l l w e r e l i g h t e d b y means o f a n e l e c t r i c s p a r k from t h e s t a g e . T h e main c h a n d e l i e r above t h e p a r q u e t was an O p a l g l a s s r e f l e c t o r . T h e vestibule and d e l i e r s a n d t h e i r b r a c k e t s were made o f p o l i s h e d b r a s s a n d fitted with The a u d i t o r i u m a n d s t a g e w e r e s u p p l i e d w i t h h o t a i r v e n t i l a t o r s b o t h i n t h e dome a n d i n t h e r o o f o f t h e s t a g e . The b u i l d i n g w a s w a r m e d b y l o w p r e s s u r e s t e a m h e a t , e a c h r o o m being provided w i t h a bronzed and decorated r a d i a t o r o r c o i l of p i p e . O v e r a m i l e o f pipe was used i n t h e b u i l d i n g . Possibly because o f t h e prevalence o f t h e a t r i c a l fires i n many U . S . c i t i e s , s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n was fire safety. T h e vertical boiler, located in was s u r r o u n d e d b y w a t e r a n d c o u l d b e a d j u s t e d t o r a i s e o n l y one p o u n d o f s t e a m d u r i n g a p e r f o r m a n c e . T h e s c e n e r y w a s sized f r o n t and back w i t h a f i r e - p r o o f preparation border l i g h t s were protected with wire screens and the l i p s of t h e burners encased i n gas f i t t e r s cement. tank o f w a t e r was l o c a t e d above t h e f l y A gallery ficient hose t o reach any part o f the stage rooms. T h e h o u s e b o a s t e d s e v e n e x i t s a n d a nection with the f i r e L B y m i d -November c f t h e t h e a t r e ' o i - l a u s u r. a i s e a s o n theOpera House dancing f l o o r was completeA. parquet ane stae.e c o u l d be covered v i t n a canvas-covered �25 false f l o o r which extended from the stage over and w a s " a r r a n g e d i n s u c h a m a n n e r t h a t i t can be taken out or placed i n p o s i t i o n a t s h o r t n o t i c e . " 2 6 This s o r t o f flexibility g r e a t l y enhanced o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e t o t h e c o m m u n i t y. T h e local people had a theatre a n d a b a l l r o o m i n t h e same b u i l d i n g . T h e special warm-up rooms f o r m u s i c i a n s a n d m i n s t r e l s e n c o u r a g e d t h e u s e of t h e f a c i l i t y as a concert h a l l while t h e removable opera c h a i r s made i t p o s s i b l e t o house conventions and tions i n the Ti b b i t s . B a r t T i b b i t s f u r t h e r encouraged use of t h e t h e a t r e b y making i t a v a i l a b l e f o r public r e n t a l . F i f t y d o l l a r s would h i r e t h e Opera House f o r one n i g h t , e i g h t y for two and one hundred f o r three n i g h t s . 2 7 In decoration, the T i b b i t s was e a s i l y a s e l e g a n t a s t h e Second Olympic Theatre w h i c h was completed i n S t . L o u i s t h a t same y e a r . The C o l d w a t e r f a c i l i t y w a s s e c o n d t o t h e O l y m p i c o n l y i n size. The f i n a l e s t i m a t e d c o s t o f t h e T i b b i t s was $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 . 2 8 O f the $3000 i n donations Tibbits asked, h e secured o n l y 12300— m o s t l y i n p r i v a t e donations o f $100 o r less.29 In order t o recoup a t l e a s t a small portion o f his Republican, 1 7 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . 27 28 L 2 - 6 29 Republican, 1 4 J u l y 1882. Republican, 8 Aug. 1 8 8 2 . R e p u b l i T. a n , 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 8 2 . �2 m o n e y, M a y o r T i b b i t s s o l d t h r e e d o l l a r t i c k e t s ing performance. T h e dollars apiece.30 p r i v a t e boxes went f o r Later, t h e p r i c e s to twenty-five f o r most performances were P a r q u e t a n d P a r q u e t C i r c l e 7 5 0 , D r e s s C i r c l e 5 0 0 , a n d Gallery 350.31 low as 100.32 750.33 Some o f t h e R e p e r t o r y c o m p a n y p l a y s w e r e a s For a l l productions, c h i l d r e n Tibbits requested this high rate for i n arms were children after a baby completely d i s r u p t e d an October 1882 performance. wrote " L e t those d e s i r i n g open dates f o r children H e i n arms address B . S . T i b b i t s and save b e i n g i n t e r f e r e d w i t h b y stars The p r e s s p l a y e d a l a r g e r o l e inception. i n campaigning f o r the Opera House p r i o r to i t s A f t e r sumed a d u a l r o l e o f c r i t i c and arbiter i t opened of public taste. The R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r , e s p e c i a l l y , r e v e a l e d a 30 E v i d e n t l y, s o m e o f the l o c a l c i t i z e n s complained about t h e h i g h c o s t o f admission. T h e Republican, 1 8 Aug. 1882 u r g e s " P u r c h a s e y o u r t i c k e t s , g e n t l e m e n , d o n ' t w a i t t o be a s k e d . A l l r i g h t , ' H a n k , ' a l o a d o f p u m p k i n s , a f e w pounds o f b u t t e r , a n d s e v e r a l d o z e n o f e g g s f r o m t h e f a r m will pay for i t . " 31Courier, 1 8 Aug. 1883. T h e admission t i c k e t s were 1-5/1.67-177-7" a n d i n c l u d e d t h e w o r d s " T i b b i t s O p e r a House- A d m i t O n e . " I n t h e c e n t e r w a s a p i c t u r e o f M r . Tibbits. T h e complimentary t i c k e t s were 2 " b y 4-3/4" w i t h an e n g r a v i n g o f M r . T i b b i t s o n t h e l e f t a n d a " u n i q u e a n d beautiful design" on the balance o f the t i c k e t . 32Republican, 2 2 Sept. 1882. 33ReTublican, 5 Dec. 1882. S e e Appendix D f o r a n e d i t o r i a l t i t l e d " D a r l i n g L i t t l e L a b y. " Republica!;. 1 7 Oct. 1882. �27 ledge n o t o n l y literature. dictments o f o f contemporary theatre but also T h e r e seems l i t t l e doubt that his the mediocre and praise the programming a t t h e T i b b i t s . as a sort o f o f dramatic o f quality influenced T h e newspapers a l s o served " p u b l i c watch-dog" and f r e q u e n t l y chastised t h e a t r e management when a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p o l i c i e s did not measure u p t o p r e s s e x p e c t a t i o n s . The R e p u b l i c a n r a n a n e d i t o r i a l shortly after the opening o f t h e T i b b i t s which revealed t h e course t h e p r e s s would choose f o r t h e Opera House.35 T h e reviewer began b y l a u d i n g t h e T i b b i t s Opera House a s a n e d i f i c e "warrant t h e presentations o f the best plays b y the best artists."36 He c a u t i o n e d h o w e v e r , t h a t s e c o n d - rate companies would also be o n l y too w i l l i n g vantage o f such a f i n e theatre. T h i s to t h r u s t upon ment r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o b e d i s c r i m i n a t e i n the booking panies because t h e p u b l i c w o u l d r e s p o n d w i t h to a c o n s i s t e n t program o f shows w h i c h were t h e " b e s t o f their class." The r e v i e w e r t h e n w e n t o n t o s u g g e s t t h a t t h e r e i s much t o b e l e a r n e d a n d m u c h g o o d i s d e r i v e d f r o m s k i l l f u l presentation o f good drama. T h e characterization and "depict i n 35The e n t i r e e d i t o r i a l best actors seek truth real life in the scenes and i s reproduced i n Appendix D. 36Republican, 26 Sept. 1882. �28 characters which t h e drama may p o r t r a y. " N o n e o f t h i s w i l l come a b o u t , h e c a u t i o n e d , w i t h o u t a s t u d i o u s i n t e r e s t o n t h e part o f the l i s t e n e r. T h e l i s t e n e r can choose " t h e s t r o n g and v i g o r o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f c h a r a c t e r w h i c h B o o t h a n d B a r r e t t a n d o t h e r s d e l i g h t t o p r e s e n t " o r dramas l i k e t h e Black C r o o k " i n w h i c h e v e r y a t t e m p t i s made t o p l e a s e t h e eye a n d e x c i t e t h e b a s e r p a s s i o n s . " T h e r e v i e w e r b r a n d e d the l i g h t s o c i e t y p l a y s o f t h e d a y a s " i n s i p i d " a n d ing i n a d j e c t i v e s a n d sometimes e x p l e t i v e s . " H e concluded with a caution t o the listener. Given good p l a y s and s k i l l f u l a c t o r s , however, t h e r e may even t h e n b e a f a i l u r e t o r e s p o n d o n t h e p a r t o f t h e hearer. I t i s because hearers go j u s t t o l a u g h , o r j u s t to p l e a s e t h e s e n s e , t h a t t h e drama o f t o d a y h a s i z i n g t e n d e n c y. T o h e a r Hamlet e n j o y a b l y r e q u i r e s t h a t the l i s t e n e r s h a l l f o l l o w Booth c r i t i c a l l y t h r o u g h e v e r y point i n h i s delineation. T o hear him a study o f t h e p l a y and o f the t i m e i n which i t ten. S o t o o o f R i c h l i e u . L i k e w i s e s h o u l d we s t u d y t h e modern p l a y . N o t e h o w f a r i t c o r r e s p o n d s t o a c t u a l l i f e . Study n o t m e r e l y how t h e p l o t i s w r o u g h t o u t , o r w h a t t h e denouement i s , b u t how f a i t h f u l t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i s ; a n d then b y means o f comparison d i s c e r n , i f p o s s i b l e , whether t h e k i n d o f l i f e d e p i c t e d i s such a s makes t h e b e s t s o c i e t y a n d b u i l d s u p human l i f e . I f n o t , t h e t i m e w i l l come when a b e t t e r l i f e w i l l b e d e p i c t e d i n dramas that a r e l o f t i e r i n tone and more e l e v a t i n g i n d e n c y. I t ' s i n t e r e s t i n g that t h e Republican reviewer c a l l s f o r n o t o n l y t h e " b e s t " shows b u t a l s o f o r " r e a l i s t i c d r a m a . " T h i s i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e p r o g r e s s i v e n a t u r e o f much o f this reviewer's criticism. H e speaks o f " t r u t h i n z a t i o n . " W h i l e M i n n i e Maddern F i s k e and a f e w o t h e r s began experimenting w i t h a n a t u r a l school o f acting based �29 logical truthfulness as e a r l y as the 1870's, h e r school o f a c t i n g d i d n o t become a dominant i n f l u e n c e 1890's. T h i s e d i t o r i a l was w r i t t e n u n t i l i n 1882. At t h e end o f the 1883 season t h e Republican appealed to t h e T i b b i t s management f o r ". . . something more s o l i d , a good drama f r o m which a l e s s o n may be drawn and rived." T h e season.37 A paper noted a s u r f e i t o f l i g h t comedy i n year l a t e r the Courier noted that the 1883 i n 1884 " t h e class o f companies i n t r o d u c e d b y Manager T i b b i t s may be r a n k e d as f i r s t - c l a s s . n 3 8 Evidentally the general public d i d not agree with the p r e s s , h o w e v e r. B y the f a l l o f 1884 a r e d u c t i o n use o f n e w s p a p e r d i s p l a y a d s h e r a l d e d t h e threats t o the theatre's existence. I n i n the f i r s t December o f 1884 the C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d t h a t b y t h e summer o f 1885 t h e t h e a t r e would undoubtedly be converted i n t o a roller mill. T h e paper l i s t e d t h r e e reasons why t h e t h e a t r e had been phant upon i t s o w n e r ' s h a n d s . " large f o r ness o f a c i t y the size F i r s t , t h e investment was t o o o f Coldwater. S e c o n d , t h e l o c a l a n d n a t i o n a l economy i n t h e p a s t s e v e r a l years worked a g a i n s t t h e t h e a t r e . A n d finally, who s e t u p t h e l o u d e s t c l a m o r f o r a s u i t a b l e p l a c e 37Republican, 2 N o v. 1 8 8 3 . 38Courier, 3 J u l y 1884. �30 ment r e f u s e d t o s u p p o r t t h e O p e r a H o u s e . " 3 9 Legitimate Drama During t h e T i b b i t s y e a r s t h r e e types o f companies appeared o n t h e O p e r a House s t a g e . T h e company known a s a Combination Company was o n e t h a t u s u a l l y s t a y e d o n l y o n e night and s p e c i a l i z e d i n the performance o f a s i n g l e p l a y. Repertory companies s t a y e d t w o n i g h t s o r more- - u s u a l l y one week- - a n d f e a t u r e d t h e same a c t o r s i n a v a r i e t y o f p l a y s . Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies w h e t h e r " d o u b l e , " "mammoth," or " i d e a l " c o n f i n e d themselves t o t h e production single drama. The p r e s s d i d n ' t a l w a y s i n d i c a t e t h e l o c a t i o n o f a company's p r e v i o u s e n g a g e m e n t . H o w e v e r , f r o m t h e i n f o r m a t i o n they s u p p l i e d i n some o f t h e p r e -show p u b l i c i t y the T i b b i t s was a i t appears h a l f -way p o i n t between White's Theatre and Whitney's Opera House i n D e t r o i t and H o o l e y ' s Opera House i n Chicago. The d a y b o o k l i s t s e v e r y O p e r a H o u s e licized i n l o c a l papers from the opening production i n 1882 through 1 9 0 4 . S i n c e the t i t l e the press often l i s t e d o f a play, n o t l i t t l e more t h a n a l l productions can be discussed. H o w e v e r, d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a w i l l f o c u s o n those p l a y s w h i c h were e i t h e r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e t o t a l 3 9 C o u r i e r, 2 7 D e c . 1 8 8 4 . �31 theatrical picture i n C o l d w a t e r o r u n i q u e o r u n u s u a l i n some w a y. Combination Plays D u r i n g B. S . T i b b i t s ' t e n u r e as manager o f t h e t h e a t r e most o f t h e l e g i t i m a t e dramas p l a y e d i n the Opera House w e r e b y c o m b i n a t i o n c o m p a n i e s p l a y i n g o n e - n i g h t stands. T h e t h e a t r e opened o n September 21, 1882 w i t h L o u i s F. B a n n i s ' s T h e M a i d o f A r r a n . 4 o Early that evening a large crowd c o n g r e g a t e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e Opera House ness t h e arrival o f those attending the evening performance.41 Uniformed ushers seated t h e people and b y 8;00 p.m. t h e audience had assembled. " T h e the b r i l l i a n t hues o f ladies were i n t h e i r dresses, t h e f u l l dress and glittering the handsome c u r t a i n and t h e e l e g a n t d e c o r a t i o n s o f lights, the house p r o d u c e d a t o u t ensemble s e l d o m s u r p a s s e d . " T h e curtain rose t o d i s c l o s e a c i t i z e n s ' committee w h i c h conducted cation o f t h e Opera House. O n e E. R . R o o t read a number o f resolutions voicing the people's delight with the Tibbits Opera House a n d t h e i r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f B a r t S . forts. I t i s n o t t h e man o f w e a l t h whose r i c h e s a r e l o c k e d u p in h i s bonds, h i s mortgages, o r h i s s e c u r i t i e s ; i t i s 40Repub1ican, 4 Aug. 1882. 41Unles5 o t h e r w i s e n o t e d t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o n "Opening Night" vas taken from Republican, 22 Sept. 1882. A complete account o f t h e d e d i c a t i o n i s reproduced i n Appendix D. �32 not t h e man who c o u n t s h i s g a i n s i n t h e s e c l u s i o n o f his o f f i c e o r h i s c o u n t i n g house t h a t h e l p s f u l c i t y most. I t i s t h e man who i s w i l l i n g t o l a u n c h his c a p i t a l i n t h e hazardous b u i l d i n g up o f i e s a n d p u b l i c e n t e r p r i s e s , a n d i f o u r townsman stripped the most o f us i n the success o f h i s business no o n e c a n l o o k u p o n h i s p r o s p e r i t y w i t h a j e a l o u s e y e , for he has l a v i s h e d i t w i t h a generous and plenteous hand f o r t h e g o o d o f t h e g r o w t h o f t h e c i t y . B. S . T i b b i t s r e s p o n d e d t h a t h e h a d b u i l t t h e O p e r a House f o r t w o r e a s o n s . F i r s t , he desired "to erect ment t o m y memory t h a t e v e r y m a n , woman a n d c h i l d water would appreciate." S e c o n d , h e wished t o prove h i m s e l f not s e l f i s h , b u t "ready and w i l l i n g t o do anything power t o b e a u t i f y a n d o r n a m e n t o u r c i t y . " The M a i d o f A r r a n w a s f o l l o w e d b y a s u c c e s s i o n o f melodramas a n d " s c e n i c s e n s a t i o n s " w h i c h d i d n o t m e a s u r e u p to t h e e x p e c t a t i o n s o f t h e l o c a l p r e s s . O n October 24, t h e e d i t o r o f t h e C o u r i e r c a l l e d t h e D r u n k a r d ' s D a u g h t e r Company "the w o r s t l o t o f barn stormers t h a t have v i s i t e d our section t h i s s e a s o n . " S a y i n g t h a t t h e p l a y was n o t h i n g more o r l e s s t h a n Te n N i g h t s i n a B a r Room, h e s u g g e s t e d t h a t w h e n e v e r the company "made a s t a k e " t h e y purchase a new s u i t f o r W i l l y Hammond " a n d n o t f o r c e h i m ( o r r a t h e r h e r ) t o w e a r t h e s a m e clothes, even t o the white necktie, from the time he f i r s t enters the S i c k l e and Sheaf u n t i l h i s death." N o t i n g t h a t attendance had been poor, t h e reviewer found i t understand "how one c a n go t o work t o o r g a n i z e s o t h o r o u g h l y �3 a b a d show."42 I n N o v e m b e r, t h e R e p u b l i c a n f o u n d M r . Chevelier's s e t t i n g the most e n t e r t a i n i n g aspect o f The World. T h e play presented i n i t s e l f was " f a r below t h e s t a n d a r d " a n d was a " s h a b b y manner."43 The A g n e s H e r n d o n C o m p a n y ' s p r o d u c t i o n o f O n l y a Farmer's Daughter was considered " i n t e r e s t i n g , " however t h e reviewer deplored the tedious w a i t between acts.44 The rison company's production o f Our I n f a n t on January 15, 1883 "would have been b e t t e r worse l o t stage."45 o f i f i t had never been born, the f i r s t The H a r r i s o n c o m p a n y h a d r e c e i v e d i t s this road panies t r i e d a t r a s h had n e v e r played upon t h e Opera House reputation playing Photos a t Hooley's Theatre i n Chicago.46 covered a t f o r I t was p o i n t t h a t a l t h o u g h Coldwater was u s u a l l y stop a f t e r the Chicago theatre, t h e out t h e i r less popular plays i n the small town. The o n l y p l a y t o r e c e i v e a p o s i t i v e r e v i e w d u r i n g t h e Opera H o u s e ' s f i r s t Mascotte. E v e n w i n t e r o f o p e r a t i o n was Fay t h a t was h a r d l y a r a v e . t h a t " n o o n e w e n t home d i s a p p o i n t e d . " 4 7 42Courier, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 43 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 4 N o v . 1 8 8 2 . 4 4 C o u r i e r, 2 5 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . 45Republican, 1 6 Jan. 1 8 8 3 . 46Repub1ican, 1 2 J a n . 1 8 8 3 . 47Republican, 1 3 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . T h e reviewer remarked Of t h e F o g g ' s F e r r y �3 Combination he wrote t h a t "The p l a y but o f no great m e r i t . M i s s appear, h a v i n g b e e n s i c k was w e l l f i l l e d i s a very pleasing one, Carrie Stuart, the f o r some t i m e p a s t , b u t star, did not her place b y some l a d y whose name d i d n o t a p p e a r program."48 Finally, i n t h e Summer o f 1 8 8 3 , t h e r e v i e w e r s f o u n d two p l a y s w o r t h y o f s p e c i a l m e n t i o n . and p l a y e d P h o t o s - - t h e i r C h i c a g o h i t . T h e Harrisons returned T h e mented, " T h e H a r r i s o n s redeemed themselves l a s t e v e n i n g i n Photos. T h e play i s s i m p l y immense a n d t h e c a s t in every respect."49 Dillon first-class In July, t h e Courier reported t h a t John i n States Attorney "captivated the audience."50 The 1 8 8 3 - 8 4 s e a s o n o p e n e d w i t h G u s W i l l i a m s s t a r r i n g i n One o f the Finest. M r . W i l l i a m s was p r a i s e d as a f e l l o w " a n d " a p e r f e c t g e n t l e m a n . " 51 Throughout t h e " j o l l y f a l l both papers reported l i g h t attendance and mostly i n d i ff e r e n t plays. instance, t h e McAuley Combination's A Messenger F o r from J a r v i s Section abounded " i n quaint humor and p e c u l i a r interest."52 48Republican, 3 0 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . 4,9Republican, 1 J u n e 1883. Courier, 1 4 J u l y 1883. 51Republican, 2 8 Aug. 1883. E v i d e n t l y , M r . W i l l i a m s liked Coldwater too, because t h i s issue o f the paper reports that he i s arranging t o spend one month o f h i s tion i n the Coldwater area. 52Republican, 11 S e p t . 1883. �3 Near t h e end o f 1883 t h e t h e a t r e f i n a l l y b e g a n t r a c t a f e w o f t h e more p o p u l a r p l a y s o f t h e d a y such a s Hoyt's A Bunch o f Keys, Bronson Howard's The B a n k e r ' s Daughter and A u g u s t i n D a l y ' s P i q u e . W h e n t h e W i l b u r O p e r a formed O l i v e t t e i n J a n u a r y o f 1 8 8 4 , h o w e v e r, t h e r e v i e w e r revealed a disenchantment w i t h the "has-beens" i n previous performances b y commenting f a v o r a b l y o n t h e W i l b u r Company chorus. " T h e c h o r u s was w e l l d r i l l e d a n d showed e x c e l l e n t t r a i n i n g a n d w h a t i s e x c e e d i n g l y r a r e , t h e members w e r e a l l young a n d g o o d l o o k i n g . " 5 3 M e r i t o r i o u s p l a y s , however, c o n t i n u e d t o b e ception r a t h e r than the r u l e . A Mountain P i n k , w h i c h came to C o l d w a t e r f r o m To l e d o a n d B a r t l e y C a m p b e l l ' s M y P a r t n e r which came f r o m D e t r o i t r e c e i v e d l i t t l e m e n t i o n . M c S o r l e y ' s I n f l a t i o n w a s " a l l e e samee" i n t h e The C o u r i e r remarked t h a t t h e s m a l l house was " a s l a r g e a s t h e m e r i t s o f the p l a y d e s e r v e d . " 5 5 Even A r t h u r R e h a n ' s c o m b i n a t i o n r a t e d no s p e c i a l m e n t i o n . The r e v i e w o f J o s e p h K . E m m e t i n F r i t z i n I r e l a n d i l l u s t r a t e s t h e dilemma o f the small-town t h e a t r e . " T h e great Joseph K . Emmet h a s s u n g h i s cuckoo song and spoken the l i n e s o f Fritz i n I r e l a n d ; i n Coldwater. T h e r e 53Republican, 3 1 J a n . 1 8 8 4 . i L 5 4 R e p u b l i c a n , 21 Mar. 1884. 5 5 C o u r i e r, 2 9 M a r. 1 8 8 4 . i s no �36 disguising the f a c t t h a t he i s not the F r i t z o f old. H i s voice i s f a r from being f u l l , a n d he l a c k s t h e animation he was w o n t t o h a v e i n h i s a c t i n g , a n d c a u s e s t h e p i e c e t o d r a g • • • • “56 A l t h o u g h the theatre could boast as f i n e i c a l p l a n t a s many c i t y t h e a t r e s , t h e r e v i e w e r l a m e n t e d t h a t i t continued t o a t t r a c t mostly actors past t h e i r prime and second-rate shows. The 1 8 8 4 - 8 5 s e a s o n g o t o f f t o a m o r e s a t i s f a c t o r y s t a r t . E v i d e n t l y t h e management d e c i d e d t o s i d e - s t e p t h e t r a v e l l i n g companies a n d i m p o r t i n s t e a d companies d i r e c t l y from W h i t e ' s T h e a t r e a n d W h i t n e y ' s G r a n d O p e r a House t r o i t . 5 7 T h e comments o n t h e s e c o m p a n i e s r a n g e d f r o m t e r t h a n i s u s u a l l y seen"58 t o "cyclone o f f u n . " 5 9 In t h e w i n t e r o f 1885 t h e reviewers began t o r e v e a l an i n t e r e s t i n n a t u r a l i s m . T h e J a n u a r y 8 t h p r o d u c t i o n o f K e r r y Gow i s a n e x a m p l e . The p l a y t h r o u g h o u t i s s p a r k l i n g a n d f u l l o f tions, a n d t h e t h i r d a c t i s t h e most r e a l i s t i c e v e r placed on o u r s t a g e . T h e s c e n e r e p r e s e n t s a b l a c k s m i t h s h o p w i t h K e r r y Gow a n d D e n n i s a t w o r k a t t h e f o r g e . A r u n n i n g h o r s e i s r i d d e n i n b y a j o c k e y a n d s h o d b y M r . M u r p h e y who t u r n s the s h o e i n t r u e b l a c k s m i t h s t y l e , a n d p l a c e s i t o n h e h o r s e as i f h e h a d w o r k e d a t t h e t r a d e a l l h i s l i f e . . . 56Republican, 1 0 June 1 8 8 4 . 57Republican, 2 9 Aug. 1 8 8 4 . 58Republican, 5 S e p t . 1 8 8 4 . 59Republican, 1 7 O c t . 1 0 8 4 . Republican, 1 3 Jan. 1 8 8 5 . �3 The p r e s s ' s p l e a f o r c l a s s i c a l d r a m a w a s s a t i s f i e d i n March when W i l l i a m S t a f f o r d - - t h e b o y t r a g e d i a n - - a n d E v e l y n F o s t e r s t a r r e d i n Romeo a n d J u l i e t . " T h o s e w h o a t t e n d e d t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f Romeo a n d J u l i e t b y t h e S t a f f o r d pany a t T i b b i t s O p e r a House Monday n i g h t , r e t i r e d p e r f e c t l y s a t i s f i e d . " " T h e r e was no r e g r e t t i n g t h e p r i c e the r e v i e w e r , " t h e goods w e r e f u l l y a s g o o d , i f not a t r i f l e better than represented; a l l wool and a yard wide."61 W i l l i a m S c a n l a n was t h e o n l y a c t o r i n t h e c o m b i n a t i o n companies who c o n s i s t e n t l y d r e w l a r g e h o u s e s d u r i n g bits years. H e appeared a t t h e Opera House seven t i m e s a n d always a t t r a c t e d a l a r g e f o l l o w i n g . T h e Banker's Daughter was p l a y e d t h r e e t i m e s w h i l e A M e s s e n g e r f r o m J a r v i s S e c t i o n , A Mountain P i n k , a n d Cheek were each played t w i c e . I t ' s not c l e a r whether these were u n u s u a l l y popular plays i n Coldwater, or i f t h e y were merely what was a v a i l a b l e . Repertory Companies R e p e r t o r y companies a p p a r e n t l y ways p o p u l a r i n C o l d w a t e r . T h e p u b l i c seemed t o b e a t t r a c t e d not o n l y b y t h e reasonable admission p r i c e s b u t a l s o b y t h e opportunity t o see f a m i l i a r actors perform a v a r i e t y o f roles. Many r e p e r t o r y c o m p a n i e s r e t u r n e d t o C o l d w a t e r a g a i n a n d again. W a i t e s ' U n i o n S q u a r e C o m e d y C o m p a n y, s t a r r i n g C o r a Neilson and J . W. C a r n e r, appeared a t t h e Opera House t h r e e 61Republican, 1 0 A p r i l 1885. �3 times d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. T h i s company n o t formed a t t h e t h e a t r e d u r i n g t h e e v e n i n g h o u r s , b u t vided " s t r e e t music" d u r i n g t h e d a y. 6 2 The c o m p a n y ' s t o r y i n c l u d e d H a z e l K i r k , R i p Va n W i n k l e , I n g o m a r , C o n f u s i o n , The F r e n c h S p y , S o l o n S h i n g l e , E n o c h A r d e n , S h a d o w s o f a Life, Carrots, Inshavogue, Caste, and Rosedal. i t y o f t h e company c a n b e s e e n i n t h i s R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w . Veni, V i d i , V i c i , i s what J a s . R . Wa i t e c a n w i t h t r u t h say he d i d w i t h h i s e x c e l l e n t U n i o n Square C o m b i n a t i o n i n t h i s c i t y l a s t week. I t was t h e most s u c c e s s f u l week's engagement e v e r played h e r e . W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of Mr. Wa i t e , who was here about seven years ago w i t h C e c i l Rush, t h e company was unknown, b u t a f t e r t h e f i r s t night t h e y were established f a v o r i t e s and t h e tinued t o increase, and Saturday evening w i t h i n h a l f an hour a f t e r t h e doors were open t h e t r e a s u r e r was s e l l i n g standing room o n l y, and before t h e c u r t a i n went u p a t l e a s t 2 0 0 p e o p l e h a d b e e n t u r n e d a w a y. 6 3 The J o l l y P a t h f i n d e r s ( l a t e r called Combination), and the A. O. M i l l e r Combination each appeared twice d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management o f t h e Opera House. frow s p e c i a l t y was a v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t e n t i t l e d S c r a p s . While a d m i t t i n g t h a t t h e show was f u n n y t h e cluded t h a t " t h e r e i s n o t t h a t r e a l enjoyment t h a t ences i n some g o o d s o l i d drama c o n t a i n i n g b o t h m i r t h ment, f r a u g h t w i t h e v e r y d a y e x p e r i e n c e s , a n d f r o m w h i c h good and u s e f u l l e s s o n s m a y b e l e a r n e d . " 6 4 6 2 C o u r i e r, 2 8 F e b . 1 8 8 5 . 6 6 'Republican, 3 Mar. 1 8 8 5 . Republican, 2 0 Oct. 1832. The A . O . �3 b i n a t i o n a t t r a c t e d s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n because a l o c a l g i r l - - w a s a t o n e t i m e a member o f t h e C o m p a n y. 6 5 Fogg's F e r r y Combination, T h e M o r t i m e r and Weaver S t a r D r a m a t i c C o . , a n d t h e Owen F a w c e t t Company e a c h p l a y e d one e n g a g e m e n t . T h e s e c o m p a n i e s s p e c i a l i z e d i n c o m e d i e s a n d generally pleased t h e i r audiences. T h e e x c e p t i o n was t h e S t a r Company w h i c h was f o r c e d t o c a n c e l i n m i d - w e e k b e c a u s e of poor attendance.66 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n tracted good audiences. H o w e v e r, f e w escaped t h e c a u s t i c tongues o f t h e newspaper r e v i e w e r s who a p p a r e n t l y d i d n o t c a r e f o r t h e U n c l e To m s h o w s . I n December o f 1 8 8 2 t h e C o u r i e r g r u d g i n g l y a n n o u n c e d t h e b o o k i n g o f a n U n c l e To m C o m p a n y. "We k n e w i t w o u l d c o m e s o o n e r o r l a t e r , b u t h a v e p r a y e d t h a t the c a l a m i t y m i g h t b e a v e r t e d . O u r prayers have been i n v a i n and w e w i l l h a v e t o s u b m i t t o t h e i n e v i t a b l e . A n U n c l e To m p a r t y i s booked a t t h e Opera House f o r sometime i n J a n u a r y. " Not t o b e o u t d o n e , t h e R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r added t i o n s o n D o u b l e U n c l e To m C o m p a n i e s s o m e t i m e l a t e r . " W e u n d e r s t a n d t h a t l a t e l y a n o t h e r " To p s y " a n d " M a r k s " h a v e b e e n born t o t h e p i e c e , b u t we cannot imagine what t h e y want o f 65 Republican, 2 May 1882. 66Republican, 1 3 Mar. 1 8 8 5 . 67 C o u r i e r , 2 D e c . 1 8 8 2 . 6 �4 them," h e s a i d . " T h i s company a l s o h a v e d o n k e y s , n o w t h i s is a g o o d i d e a , a s a g e n e r a l t h i n g U n c l e To m a c t o r s g e t t i r e d before t h e end o f t h e season and need something o f t h i s k i n d to g e t t h e m o n a n d o f f t h e s t a g e , e v e n t h e n we presume some w i l l be too t i r e d to stick to t h e i r lines."68 Despite press r i d i c u l e t h r e e U n c l e To m c o m p a n i e s - - S m i t h ' s D o u b l e U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n y , D r a p e r ' s D o u b l e M a m m o t h U n c l e T o m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n y, a n d t h e O r i g i n a l B o s t o n I d e a l U n c l e T o m ' s C a b i n Company- - i n v a d e d t h e c i t y d u r i n g M a y o r T i b b i t s ' t e n u r e . One h u n d r e d a n d e l e v e n p l a y s w e r e p e r f o r m e d d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. F e w t i t l e s were repeated, however the largest majority o f the dramatic material presented can be c l a s s i f i e d a s c o m e d y. A l t h o u g h t h e l o c a l for theatre w i t h substance, apparently i t e i t h e r was able o r d i d n o t appeal t o t h e p u b l i c . Visiting Stars S t a r s d i d a p p e a l t o t h e c o m m u n i t y. H o w e v e r , m a n y were h e s i t a n t t o a p p e a r i n a s m a l l t o w n w i t h o u t a f i n a n c i a l guarantee. L o c a l c a p i t a l i s t s had not y e t begun w r i t e t h e i m p o r t a t i o n o f s t a r s s o T i b b i t s was c a u g h t between the p u b l i c ' s d e s i r e f o r name t a l e n t a n d t h e i r u n w i l l i n g n e s s to p a y t h e p r i c e . T h o m a s Keene, a l e a d i n g t r a g e d i a n , w r o t e to T i b b i t s " I have n e v e r p l a y e d f o r l e s s t h a n $ 1 . 0 0 68Republican, 9 Jan. 1 8 8 3 . �4 r e s e r v e d s e a t s a n d c a n n o t commence i n C o l d w a t e r . " Tibbits often waited f o r stars t o appear i n Detroit and t h e n a t t e m p t e d t o p e r s u a d e t h e m t o " s t o p o v e r " o n t h e way t o C h i c a g o . T h i s w a s t h e c a s e w i t h R o l a n d R e e d , w h o m a d e three appearances a t t h e T i b b i t s Opera House.70 two o c c a s i o n s h e a p p e a r e d i n C h e e k . H i s On t h e f i r s t performance i n December o f 1 8 8 4 , "was one o f t h e f u n n i e s t t h i n g s ever p r e s e n t e d t o t h e p e o p l e o f Coldwater."71 Maggie M i t c h e l l made t w o a p p e a r a n c e s . W h e n p e a r e d i n 1 8 8 3 i n F a n c h o n t o a SRO c r o w d s h e h a d s u c h a severe c o l d t h e r e v i e w e r s c o u l d o n l y agree t h a t s h e was "plucky" t o perform and t h a t t h e y were " g r a t e f u l f o r deavors t o p l e a s e . " 7 2 When s h e a p p e a r e d a g a i n i n T h e P e a r l of Savoy i n 1884, t h e Courier wrote "The charming actress was in excellent s p i r i t s and did f u l l justice t o her ing t h e c h a r a c t e r o f M a r i e i n a r e m a r k a g l y e f f e c t i v e m a n n e r, while h e r support was d e c i d e d l y above t h e average."73 T h e Republican, however, was l e s s g a l l a n t . ner i n which t h i s l i t t l e " T h e l a d y preserves h e r 69 Republican, 2 7 M a r . 1 8 8 3 . 70Republican, 1 6 Dec. 1 8 8 4 . 71 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 3 D e c . 1 8 8 4 . 72Republican, 1 9 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . " C o u r i e r, 1 Mar. 1884. �MI\ 42 ance i s r e a l l y wonderful."74 Thomas K e e n e a p p e a r e d i n 1 8 8 3 i n R i c h a r d I I I turned i n 1885 t o p o r t r a y Macbeth. T h e Republican wrote " M r. Keene's performance r i n Richard I I g was c e r t a i n l y a finished one, a n d j u s t l y e n t i t l e s h i m t o t h e p o s i t i o n h e o c c u p i e s i n the f r o n t r a n k . H e i s a c a r e f u l and c o r r e c t dresser, a good reader, a n d h i s f a c i a l expressions and a c t i n g g i v e t o h i s audience a grand conception o f t h i s g r a t e acter."75 T h e reviewers d i d n ' t agree about h i s p o r t r a y a l o f Macbeth. T h e Courier labeled i t a "grand rendition,"76 while the R e p u b l i c a n s a i d h e " f a i l e d t o g i v e a s good s a t i s f a c t i o n as o n h i s p r e v i o u s v i s i t . " 7 7 The M a d i s o n S q u a r e T h e a t r e C o m p a n y made ances d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. F o r t h e i r production o f Esmeralda i n 1 8 8 2 t h e y brought i n V i o l a A l l e n . W h e n turned i n 1883 t o perform Hazel K i r k , l e a d i n g r o l e s were taken b y E. L . Davenport's sons H a r r y and E . L . , Jr. V i o l a Allen"gave p e r f e c t s a t i s f a c t i o n and proved h e r s e l f taking a r t i s t . " 7 8 The D a v e n p o r t b r o t h e r s " d r e s s a n d l o o k t h e i r p a r t s w e l l , b u t we f e a r t h e y w i l l n e v e r r e a c h t h e h i g h 74Republican, 1 9 Feb. 1884. 75Republican, 1 0 A p r i l 1883. 76Courier, 1 6 May 1 8 8 5 . 77Republican, 1 9 May 1885. 78Republican, 2 7 Oct. 1 8 8 2 . �43 position i n the histrionic a r t held by their father, the l a t e E. L . D a v e n p o r t . " 7 9 The F r e n c h a c t r e s s R h e a p r o v e d s u c h a n a t t r a c t i o n that special excursion trains brought people from rounding towns o f H i l l s d a l e , J o n e s v i l l e , A l l e n and Quincy t o see h e r p e r f o r m a n c e o f Y v o n n e . 8 0 The R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r w a s impressed w i t h h e r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e t o t a l p r o d u c t i o n . M l l e . R h e a i s a f a s c i n a t i n g l i t t l e woman, w i t h a b r i g h t beautiful face f u l l o f expression, and an exceedingly g r a c e f u l f o r m . H e r costumes were t h e most m a g n i f i c e n t ever seen upon o u r s t a g e . S h e i s a p a i n s t a k i n g a r t i s t and e m p l o y e d t h e t i m e u s u a l l y s p e n t b y s t a r s i n s l e e p i n g , a t t h e Opera House g i v i n g suggestions a s t o t h e s t a g e setting, which she complimented a s being o f t h e f i n e s t the new p l a y h a s r e c e i v e d . 8 1 S o l S m i t h R u s s e l l a n d Denman Thompson b o t h r e c e i v e d warm r e c e p t i o n s . W h i l e a s s e r t i n g t h a t R u s s e l l ' s v e h i c l e , Edgewood F o l k s , h a d l i t t l e t o recommend i t , t h e newspapers appreciated h i s comic s p e c i a l t i e s and agreed t h a t t h e b e s t p a r t o f h i s performance was " t h a t h e seems t o b e a s much pleased as h i s audience."82 Denman T h o m p s o n a p p e a l e d t o t h e reviewers because h i s c h a r a c t e r i n Joshua Whitcomb was "Neither overdrawn nor strained."83 79Republican, 6 A p r i l 1883. 80Republican, 2 3 Sept. 1 8 8 4 . 81Republican, 2 3 Sept. 1 8 8 4 . 82Republican, 11 A p r i l 1884. 8 3 C o u r i e r, 1 , N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 84Republican, 11 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . The R e p u b l i c a n s u m m a r i z e d �41 the Thompson s t y l e a s " a p p e a l i n g t o t h e s y m p a t h y o f ence w h i l e e x e r t i n g h i s p o w e r t o a m u s e . " 8 4 Concerts The O p e r a H o u s e a l s o s e r v e d a s t h e l o c a l c o n c e r t h a l l . While a t t r a c t i n g f e w musicians o f n a t i o n a l s t a t u r e , b i t s housed performances b y a number o f t r a v e l l i n g musicians and c h a m b e r g r o u p s . V o c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s , b o t h a m a t e u r a n d professional, were always popular. O r c h e s t r a l groups were well received as long as they avoided playing a l o t sical music. Instrumental entertainments were dominated b y v i o l i n virtuosos. I n May o f 1883 Camilla Urso performed f o r a pleased audience. " W i t h h e r t h e r e i s n o i n g a n d g r a n d f l o u r i s h s o common w i t h n o t e d the s w e e t e s t m u s i c seems t o come d i r e c t f r o m h e r own s o u l . " The r e v i e w c o n t i n u e d " S h e i s p e r f e c t m a s t e r o f h e r v i o l i n a n d to h e r d e l i c a t e , e x q u i s i t e t o u c h i t responds i n t h e ing and captivating strains."85 performed a t t h e T i b b i t s . The c e l e b r a t e d R e m e n y i a l s o H o w e v e r, m u c h t o t h e d i s g u s t o f t h e Republican r e v i e w e r, t h e people s t a y e d home. T h e Republican wrote "we g r e a t l y f e a r t h a t Manager T i b b i t s i n o r d e r ize any great wealth, w i l l have t o r e s o r t t o p i n k t i g h t s and 84Republican, 11 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 85 C o u r i e r, 2 6 M a y 1 8 8 3 . �L1 spectacular p l a y s ,,86 Vocal e n t e r t a i n m e n t s w e r e more p o p u l a r w i t h t h e p u b l i c . The S p a n i s h S t u d e n t s , a m u s i c a l n o v e l t y c o m p a n y, m a d e pearances.87 The S w e d i s h L a d y Q u a r t e t t e p r o m i s e d a n e v e n i n g o f "humor, t r a g e d y, f u n and music." T h e reviewer's ment o n t h i s w a s t h a t " M i s s E l i e l g a v e a n u m b e r o f recitations in two d i ff e r e n t dresses and a very loud voice."88 Other musical entertainments included a "Grand Juvenile Musical F e s t i v a l " b y the McGibeny Family89 and a turing Clara Louise Kellogg, contralto.90 The l a d i e s o f St. Marks C h u r c h f r e q u e n t l y sponsored c o n c e r t s b y ists, o f which t h e most n o t a b l e group was t h e Mendelssohn Quintette Club o f Boston.91 Related Theatrical A c t i v i t y During t h e y e a r s o f t h e T i b b i t s ' management t h e Opera House p r o v i d e d s p a c e f o r many p u b l i c f u n c t i o n s sional drama and concerts. T h i s mayor o f C o l d w a t e r d u r i n g p a r t may have occurred because a s o f t h i s p e r i o d T i b b i t s was i n 8 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 9 N o v. 1 8 8 3 . 87 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 2 D e c . 1 8 8 2 ; a n d 1 F e b . 1 8 8 4 . 88Republican, 1 6 Feb. 1883. 89Republican, 2 9 Feb. 1884. 9 0 R e p u b 11 c a n , 2 3 N o v . 1 8 8 3 . 91Republican, 1 A p r i l 1 8 8 4 . a �46 position to channel other activities into the theatre. M o r e l i k e l y, t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s recognized t h e Opera House a s t h e only sizable and comfortable p u b l i c h a l l rate, t h e Tibbits provided the s i t e i n town. A t any f o r lectures, minstrels, v a r i e t y shows, dances, p o l i t i c a l meetings, panarama optican e x h i b i t i o n s , w r e s t l i n g matches, r e -unions t i o n s , h i g h s c h o o l commencement a n d a n i m a l a c t s a s w e l l a s legitimate drama. Lecture and Elocutionists P r i o r to 1884, the residents o f Coldwater enjoyed an occasional l e c t u r e , b u t t h e r e were no lecture courses. I n 1883 Edwin Lee Brown, t h e President o f the A m e r i c a n Humane S o c i e t y , g a v e a l e c t u r e o n " C r u e l t y t o Animals."92 That same y e a r Miss H e l e n P o t t e r , a r e a d e r and i m p e r s o n a t o r, s t o p p e d a t C o l d w a t e r l a t e i n April while en route t o Colorado t o g i v e a b e n e f i t performance f o r S c h o o l . 9 3 D u r i n g t h a t s u m m e r, A l l e n T i b b i t s ( B a r t ' s f a t h e r ) gave a l e c t u r e o n " T h e O r i g i n o f t h e A b o r i g i n e s o f N o r t h America" t o commemorate t h e a n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e ever preached i n Coldwater.94 In August o f the f o l l o w i n g y e a r M i s s I d a H a t t o n a s k e d " W h a t S h a l l We D o t o b e S a v e d ? " 9 5 9 2 C o u r i e r, 2 2 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 93Republican, 2 4 A p r i l 1883. 94Republican, 3 J u l y 168:i. 95Republican, 1 9 Aug. 1 8 8 4 . �1 I n t h e 1 8 8 4 - 8 5 s e a s o n t h e l o c a l Y. M . C . A . o r g a n i z e d t h e i r f i r s t l e c t u r e s e r i e s . L i k e f u t u r e "courses" sisted not o n l y o f lectures b u t also concerts. T h e lectures included John B . Gough, who discussed " P e c u l i a r P e o p l e " ; 9 6 James W h i t c o m b R i l e y , w h o r e a d some o f h i s p o e t r y ; 9 7 M i s s Anna E v a F a y , w i t h a l e c t u r e o n s p i r i t u a l i s m ; 9 8 a n d S t u a r t Rogers, a p o p u l a r i m p e r s o n a t o r. 9 9 M i n s t r e l s T h e Frohman b r o t h e r s , who w i t h o t h e r s sible l a t e r f o r the formation o f the Theatrical Syndicate, f i r s t v e n t u r e d i n t o Coldwater i n October o f 1882 Callender M i n s t r e l s performed a t t h e Opera House. p u b l i c a n r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e i r show " e c l i p s e d a n y t h i n g o f t h e kind e v e r g i v e n i n t h e c i t y . " T h e r e v i e w e r went o n cribe t h e i n s t r u m e n t a l music a s " f i r s t c l a s s " and 100 ing as " f a r b e t t e r than i s g e n e r a l l y h e a r d . " senting the f i n e s t m i n s t r e l s h o w t o d a t e , presented h i s company f o r a f r e e p e r f o r m a n c e f o r t h e c h i l d r e n and t e a c h e r s o f t h e S t a t e S c h o o l i n C o l d w a t e r . W i t h b i n a t i o n o f q u a l i t y a n d p h i l a n t h r o p y, i t ' s n o t s u r p r i s i n g 9 6 C o u r i e r, 2 2 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 97Republican, 3 Feb. 1 8 8 5 . 98 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 M a r . 1 8 8 5 . 9 9 C o u r i e r, 2 1 F e b . 1 8 8 5 . 10 ° R e p u b l i c a n , 3 1 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . �4 t h a t Frohman-managed p l a y s w e r e a l w a y s w e l l r e c e i v e d when they p l a y e d i n Coldwater. Numerous m i n s t r e l c o m p a n i e s a p p e a r e d i n C o l d w a t e r d u r i n g t h e T i b b i t s y e a r s . B a i r d ' s Mammoth peared once i n 1883 and a g a i n i n 1884.101 The B o s t o n a t i c M i n s t r e l s a n d T h a t c h e r, Primrose a n d West b i n a t i o n e a c h made a s i n g l e a p p e a r a n c e i n 1 8 8 2 . 1 0 2 I n 1883, The N e w O r l e a n s M i n s t r e l s , D u p r e z a n d B e n e d i c t - tic M i n s t r e l s , Morrison and H a l l ' s Gigantic Consolidated Minstrels, and Haverly's Minstrels appeared. 103 M o s t notable of these was H a v e r l y ' s which advertised $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 a c t i n g dogs."104 Hi Henry's Superb Operatic M i n s t r e l s closed o u t the 1 8 8 4 season w h i l e t h e G e o r g i a M i n s t r e l s a p p e a r e d l a t e in 1885.105 Variety and Vaudeville T h e Humpty Dumpty S p e c i a l t y t r o u p e s were t h e o n l y v a r i e t y a c t s t o a p p e a r i n C o l d w a t e r d u r i n g M a y o r T i b b i t s ' management. T h e s e extravaganzas i n c o r p o r a t e d many elements o f t h e E n g l i s h H a r l e q u i n show i n t o a n e n t e r t a i n m e n t which f e a t u r e d a c r o b a t i c s , j u g g l i n g a n d f a r c e . T h e To n y 101Republican, 1 3 Feb. 1 8 8 3 ; C o u r i e r, 1 7 May 1 8 8 4 . 102Republicaa, 2 6 Sept. 1882; a n d 31 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 103Republican, 1 6 Jan. 1 8 8 3 ; 2 4 A p r i l 1883; 5 O c t . 1883; 1 6 M a r . 1 8 8 3 . lo4Republican; 1 6 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . 105 Republican, 1 3 June 1884; and C o u r i e r, 2 3 May 1885. �L1. D e n i e r Company s t o p p e d o f f w h i l e e n r o u t e f r o m D e t r o i t cago i n A p r i l o f 1 8 8 3 . 1 0 6 The r e v i e w i n d i c a t e d t h a t " t h e piece was rushed through regardless o f e v e r y t h i n g , e x c e p t to make t h e 1 1 : 5 5 t r a i n w h i c h was t o c o n v e y them cago."107 I n November o f 1 8 8 3 a n d a g a i n i n March o f 1 8 8 5 , the George H . Adams t r o u p e p l a y e d i n C o l d w a t e r b u t a p p a r e n t l y weren't enthusiastically received.108 Miscellaneous I n the f i r s t struction o f the theatre, dancing p a r t i e s . T h e several years following i t was f r e q u e n t l y u t i l i z e d f o r first party i n t h e Opera House vember 2 9 , 1 8 8 2 a s k e d a n a d m i s s i o n f e e o f o n e d o l l a r p e r couple.109 Four more dances a n d a masquerade p a r t y were h e l d that f i r s t season. T h e f o l l o w i n g season included dance a n d o n e m a s q u e r a d e p a r t y , a l l poorly attended. T h e Republican suggested t h e reason f o r t h e p o o r attendance: "Coldwater s o c i e t y i s d i v i d e d u p t o o much i n t o c l i q u e s . " 1 1 0 The O p e r a H o u s e f r e q u e n t l y s e r v e d a s a r a l l y i n g p l a c e for political orators. 106Republican, 107 Republican, E a r l y i n 1882, General William H. 24 A p r i l 1 8 8 3 . 8 May 1883. 108Republican, 30 N o v. 1883; a n d 2 7 M a r . 1 8 8 5 . 109Repub1ican, 28 N o v . 1882. 11 0 R e p u b l i c a n , 12 J a n . 1883. �50 Gibson r e n t e d t h e Opera House t o address c i t i z e n s o n " t h e p o l i t i c a l i s s u e s o f t h e d a y, " 111 a n d i n November o f t h a t year H. C . Hodge, t h e c o a l i t i o n candidate f o r Congress s p o k e . 11 2 I n 1884, t h e T i b b i t s was t h e s i t e o f a Republican p o l i t i c a l meeting f e a t u r i n g Senator Conger and one S . M . C u t c h e o n . 11 3 The T i b b i t s a l s o p r e s e n t e d a n u m b e r o f " i l l u s t r a t e d lectures," but i t ' s n o t always c l e a r what devices created t h e "dissolving views" and "mechanical e f f e c t s . " T h e o f t h i s s o r t w a s t h e H a r t w i g -Seeman C o m b i n a t i o n . publican, r e p o r t e d t h a t "The d i s s o l v i n g views were g r a n d beyond description; t h e scenic and mechanical e f f e c t s produced were startlingly realistic." 11T h e d e s c r i p t i o n seems t o i m p l y that t h i s entertainment u t i l i z e d the stereoptican. I n November o f 1 8 8 2 , L . F. Wheeler presented a travelogue e n t i t l e d " I l l u m i n a t e d Rambles i n F o r e i g n L a n d s . " 11 5 Just how t h e y were " i l l u m i n a t e d " was n o t r e v e a l e d i n cal papers. I n 1884 Hildebrand's Exposition presented "The Reformed O u t l a w , " a l e c t u r e " I l l u s t r a t e d b y o v e r l i k e and r e a l i s t i c scenes i n 1600 f e e t o f canvas" 111 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 0 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 11 2 R e p u b l i c a n , 7 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . 11 3 R e p u b l i c a n , 3 0 O c t . 1 8 8 4 . 11 4 R e p u b l i c a n , 3 1 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 11 5 R e p u b l i c a n , 3 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . �5 ized a "panarama s t y l e . 6 " S i n c e s u c h a s m a l l amount vas was u t i l i z e d i t may b e assumed t h a t t h e s c e n e s vealed t o t h e audience i n a cartoon- l i k e progression. I n A p r i l o f 1 8 8 5 H e r b e r t Wo o d L e a c h u t i l i z e d t h e s t e r e o p t i c a n in h i s l e c t u r e on the a r c t i c . 11 7 The t h e a t r e a l s o s e r v e d a s t h e s i t e f o r similar activities as a wrestling match,18 a reception f o r a l o c a l man f o u n d i n n o c e n t o f a c h a r g e g o f a r s o n , 11 9 a n d union o f Loomis' B a t t e r y G.A.R. 120 H i g h S c h o o l Commencement became a n a n n u a l e v e n t b e g i n n i n g i n 1 8 8 5 . 1 2 1 I n August o f 1883 a t r o u p e o f d o g s p e r f o r m e d o n t h e T i b b i t s s t a g e . 122 Amateur P r o d u c t i o n s In t h e w i n t e r f o l l o w i n g t h e completion o f t h e Opera House t h e R e p u b l i c a n e d i t o r i a l i z e d " N o w i s t h e t i m e ganize a n amateur d r a m a t i c a s s o c i a t i o n . " A l t h o u g h dently w a s no formal association during the years b i t s ' management, a t l e a s t one amateur d r a m a t i c p r o d u c t i o n 11 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 6 M a y 1 8 8 4 . 11 7 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 4 A p r i l 1 8 8 5 . 118. R e p u b l i c a n , 1 0 M a r . 1 8 8 5 . 11 9 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 0 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 1 2 0 C o u r i e r, 2 3 May 1 8 8 5 . 121 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 5 J u n e 1 8 8 3 . 122Republican, 2 8 Aug. 1 8 8 3 . �52 was m o u n t e d e a c h y e a r . In the spring a group o f o f 1 8 8 3 , P r o f . G e o r g e W. K l o c k d i r e c t e d local people i n a production o f H.M.S. P i n a f o r e with settings designed by L. B. Chevalier. year Andersonville, o r for the benefit the L i g h t Guard. o f T h e following the Scout's Last Shot was performed T h e that t h e drama "needs considerable pruning" and t h a t t h e playwright should "guard against inclination to preach."123 The C o u r i e r w a s m o r e c h a r i t a b l e w h e n t h e y p r i n t e d " T h e p l a y is put upon the stage i n fine s t y l e and the b e a u t i f u l , w h i l e t h e c h a r a c t e r s b y o u r home t a l e n t a r e w e l l sustained. 124 In 1885, P r o f . Klock directed l o c a l Chimes o f N o r m a n d y. T h i s amateur attempts. T h e talent was b e t t e r received t h a n previous Republican wrote t h a t the production drew "immense a u d i e n c e s " a n d t h a t " I t was remarked b y man a c c u s t o m e d t o t h e b e s t m u s i c a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s largest c i t i e s , that i n The a better i n the d r i l l e d chorus was r a r e l y heard in the most pretentious operas."125 The C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d that t h e s o l o p a r t s were "exceedingly w e l l rendered."126 The O p e r a H o u s e w a s a l s o t h e s i t e 123Republican, 2 0 Feb. 1885. 124Courier, 2 1 F e b . 1 8 8 5 . 125 -RePublican, 12 M a y 1 8 8 5 . 126Courier, 9 May 1 8 8 5 . o f �5 ments f e a t u r i n g o r c h e s t r a and band, v o c a l a n d i n s t r u m e n t a l solos, and readings and recitations. N o t a b l e among these groups was t h e S t . C e c e l i a Musicale, w h i c h f e a t u r e d s i x t e e n girls from Union C i t y singing classical music, and frequent entertainments b y the St. Mark ladies. B u t t e r w o r t h Post o f the G . A . R . g a v e a t a l e n t show.127 Synopsis The m u l t i p l i c i t y val o f o f function necessary f o r a s m a l l t o w n Opera House was r e c o g n i z e d e a r l y b y B a r t T i b b i t s , who saw t h e O p e r a H o u s e a s a n a l l - p u r p o s e Even i n well. i t s f a c i l i t y. e a r l i e s t years the Ti b b i t s served the community W i t h i n a one week span an i n d i v i d u a l might go t o t h e Opera House t o s e e a p l a y , h e a r a r e c i t a l , c h e e r o n publican p a r t y, boo a t i m i d w r e s t l e r, and on a c e r t a i n week even w a t c h h i s s o n o r d a u g h t e r p a r t i c i p a t e i n High School Commencement e x e r c i s e s . B e s i d e s l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a b i t s f r e q u e n t l y housed l e c t u r e s , m i n s t r e l shows, c o n c e r t s , dances, p o l i t i c a l r a l l i e s and readings. U p o n occasion the local people also chose the theatre as the site tions and reunions, animal a c t s and magic shows. pendix B, Ta b l e #4) financially i n T h e (See T i b b i t s ' e x i s t e n c e was threatened 1885 when f a l l i n g attendance and h i s carious f i n a n c i a l p o s i t i o n forced Bart Tibbits 127Republicon, 8 Feb. 1884. to �5 the t h e a t r e . T h e r e was t a l k o f c o n v e r t i n g t h e f a c i l i t y i n t o a r o l l e r m i l l b u t t h e p r e s s mounted a campaign t o s a v e t h e Opera H o u s e . T h e l o c a l people might have been able pense w i t h a f a c i l i t y w h i c h h o u s e d o n l y l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a b u t the l o s s o f t h e T i b b i t s w o u l d have a l s o meant t h e l o s s o f a concert h a l l , v a r i e t y house, l e c t u r e h a l l and public h a l l as w e l l . Although a p r i v a t e l y owned t h e a t r e , t h e tioned more l i k e a public institution. T i b b i t s encouraged the p u b l i c t o u s e t h e Opera House b y making i t a v a i l a b l e t o private groups a t reasonable r a t e s . T h i s , coupled with the amateur entertainments presented i n t h e T i b b i t s , m a y have given t h e l o c a l p e o p l e a somewhat p o s s e s s i v e f e e l i n g f o r t h e Tibbits Opera House. A t any rate, by the close o f the 1885 season t h e f a c i l i t y h a d become i m p o r t a n t enough t h a t w h i l e i t was regarded as " a n elephant upon i t s owner's hands" t h e community c o u l d n o t l o o k d i s p a s s i o n a t e l y upon c l o s i n g t h e theatre and turning the building into a r o l l e r m i l l . �Chapter I I I JOSEPH H E N N I N G Y E A R S , J U L Y 1 8 8 5 - J U N E 1 8 9 4 Theatre a n d management In the l a t t e r part o f June 1885, Joseph chased t h e O p e r a House f o r $ 1 3 , 0 0 0 . N e w s p a p e r a c c o u n t s o f the p u r c h a s e s a i d t h a t B a r t T i b b i t s w o u l d c o n t i n u e t o manage the t h e a t r e . 1 Very l i t t l e i s known a b o u t t h e German s a l o o n - k e e p e r who o w n e d t h e T i b b i t s first mentioned members o f brate h i s i n f o r a t l e a s t t w o decades. H e n n i n g was t h e l o c a l newspapers i n 1879 t h e German Benevolent A s s o c i a t i o n helped f o r t i e t h birthday.2 Another reference i n dicates t h a t he may have immigrated t o Coldwater from Witten, G e r m a n y. 3 The N e w Y o r k D r a m a t i c N e w s p r i n t e d a s t o r y 1 The C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n , 2 7 J u n e 1 8 8 5 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o C o u r i e r. 2The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n , 2 2 A p r i l 1 8 7 9 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened lican. 3Republican, 2 7 May 1884. 5 footnote �5 veals something o f Henning's n a i v e d e t e r m i n a t i o n t o make a success o f t h e O p e r a House. A M r. We b b e r, manager o f i n g company t h a t h a d come t o C o l d w a t e r , t o l d H e n n i n g h e n e e d e d a brace o f revolvers for a c e r t a i n scene i n the p l a y and t h e former volunteered t o go o u t and borrow them. M r . Webber hastily wrote on a piece o f paper "2 32 c a l i b e r revolvers" and g a v e i t t o t h e Opera House o w n e r. I n n i n g r e t u r n e d a n d s e t down a b a s k e t , 3 / 4 an hour or f u l l o f revolvers of a l l d e s c r i p t i o n s , b e f o r e t h e a s t o n i s h e d manager- a c t o r. "Mein G o t t : M r . V e b b e r , y o u h a f g i f f e n me a b i g j o b . is a quiet place, and I D i s don't t i n k dere's 232 refolfers in de w h o l e t o w n . " 4 By t h e F a l l o f 1886 C . L . H u n t e r had ment o f t h e T i b b i t s . 5 H u n t e r h a d b e e n a r e s i d e n t o f C o l d w a t e r since 1 8 7 0 . P r i o r to t h i s he had traveled with three o r four theatrical troupes which featured N. C . F o r r i s t e r, l e r and others. A strong promoter o f amateur t h e a t r i c a l s i n t h e c o m m u n i t y, h e r e t a i n e d h i s o f f i c i a l a p p o i n t m e n t manager f o r l e s s t h a n a y e a r , f o r i n the spring o f 1887 he left for California.6 George W. K l o c k , t h e l o c a l b a n a l e a d e r a n d a d i r e c t o r 4Courier, 1 0 Aug. 1 8 8 9 , p . 8. 5Courier, 2 O c t . 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . All biographical information on Hunter i s taken from Republican, 1 8 Mar. 1 8 8 7 . 6pourier, 1 9 Mar. 1 8 8 7 , p . 5. �5 o f l o c a l t a l e n t , t o o k o v e r t h e management f r o m s p r i n g o f 1 8 8 7 to O c t o b e r o f 1 8 8 9 . 7 T h e n , b e s e i g e d w i t h t i e s , H e n n i n g t o o k o v e r t h e management h i m s e l f , p u t t i n g h i s d a u g h t e r, H u l d a h , i n c h a r g e o f t h e b o x o f f i c e . 8 B y o f 1 8 9 1 , H u l d a h Henning had i n f a c t become manager o f t h e Opera H o u s e . 9 A f e m a l e manager was a r a r i t y. However, both the community and t h e t h e a t r i c a l b o o k i n g agents f i e d w i t h Miss Henning's business acumen. m a n a g e r o f t h e P a u l K a u v a r c o m p a n y, w r o t e i n N o v. 2 0 , 1 8 9 1 : " . . . Yo u a r e t h e f i r s t a l e t t e r dated lady I have do b u s i n e s s w i t h a n d a l l o w m e t o c o n g r a t u l a t e y o u o n b e i n g a thorough business person."10 I n May o f 1892 t h e C o u r i e r wrote " D u r i n g t h e s e a s o n M i s s H e n n i n g h a s g i v e n amusement lovers some v e r y f i n e e n t e r t a i n m e n t s a n d proposes to g i v e s t i l l b e t t e r a t t r a c t i o n s , some o f which a r e a l r e a d y booked. D u r i n g h e r management o f t h e O p e r a House s h e h a s displayed unusual business t a c t and shrewdness a n d ing to the public in the selection & h a l h a s showed u n u s u a l l y good judgment o f attractions."11 The C o u r i e r a s s e r t e d that Huldah was " p r o b a b l y t h e youngest Opera House manager 7Courier, 1 2 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 8Courier, 1 2 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 ; a n d 2 4 Aug. 1 8 8 9 , p . 9 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 0 N o v. 1 8 9 1 . 10 Republican, 2 0 N o v. 1 8 9 1 . Courier, 2 1 May 1892, p . 8. 1. �5 in the country and t h e o n l y successful female o n e . " 1 2 M i s s Henning m a r r i e d M r . J o h n T. J a c k s o n i n March o f 1 8 9 4 , 1 3 a n d b y J u n e o f t h a t y e a r J a c k s o n h a d assumed t h e management o f the T i b b i t s . Immediately upon assuming ownership o f t h e O p e r a House i n 1 8 8 5 , J o s e p h H e n n i n g b e g a n t o c o n v e r t t h e f r o n t p a r t of t h e basement i n t o a r e s t a u r a n t and s a l o o n . 1 4 He a l s o l a i d an 8 5 f o o t a l l e y f o r b o w l i n g o r " t e n p i n s . " 1 5 E v i d e n t l y , t h i s e n t e r p r i s e was n o t p a r t i c u l a r l y successful because i n 1891 t h e s a l o o n w a s c o n v e r t e d i n t o a t e a r o o m w h i c h s e r v e d ice cream, lemonade and c o l d lunches.16 M r s . Henning and her two daughters t o o k charge o f t h e r e s t a u r a n t . O t h e r t h a n s e a s o n a l c l e a n i n g s f e w changes w e r e made w i t h i n t h e O p e r a House i t s e l f . I n August o f 1886 Douglas and Co. o f C h i c a g o w a s c o m m i s s i o n e d t o d e s i g n a b u s i n e s s d r o p curtain f o r the theatre.17 On t h e c u r t a i n w h i c h d e p i c t e d a landscape, a d v e r t i s e m e n t s f o r l o c a l businesses were a r r a n g e d on c u r t a i n s s u s p e n d e d b y r i n g s f r o m a p o l e r u n n i n g a c r o s s the t o p . I n 1 1893, t h e theatre acquired another drop c u r t a i n . C o u r i e r, 1 A u g . 1 8 9 1 , p . 1 . 13Courier:, 1 7 M a r. 1 8 9 4 , p . 1 . 14Republican, 3 0 June 1 8 8 5 ; a n d C o u r i e r, 4 J u l y 1 8 8 5 . 1 5 C o u r i e r, 2 5 J u l y 1 8 8 5 . 16Republican, 1 9 May 1 8 9 1 . 1 7 C o u r i e r, 7 A u g . 1 8 8 6 . �5 This was a Ve n e t i a n scene surrounded b y advertisements f o r local businesses. 1 The p r e s s c o n t i n u e d t o b e s t r o n g l y s u p p o r t i v e o f t h e Opera H o u s e . A t t h e c l o s e o f the 1886 season t h e Republican wrote " O u r Opera House i s second t o none i n t h e S t a t e . " 1 9 They a l s o c o n t i n u e d i n t h e i r r o l e of "arbitor o f taste." While r e c o g n i z i n g t h e d e l i g h t s o f comedy t h e R e p u b l i c a n wrote " . interspersed . . a f e w good t r a g e d i e s e d 0 would n o t o n l y have a tendency t o c r e a t e t h e d e s i r e , but i f they are o f the best, t h e i r educational value i s n20 g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t o f c o m e d y. The C o u r i e r c a l l e d f o r " a f e w good l e c t u r e s " and " a s e r i e s o f good dramatic entertainments . . varied by f i r s t class good o p e r a . " 2 1 H e n n i n g a n d h i s m a n a g e r s made a n u m b e r o f a t t e m p t s to g e t t h e Opera House o p e r a t i n g a t a p r o f i t . I n 1886, t h e T i b b i t s b e c a m e p a r t o f t h e M i c h i g a n T h e a t r i c a l Circuit.22 Charles O. W h i t e , manager o f t h e Grand Opera House i n D e t r o i t , w a s t h e c i r c u i t ' s N e w Y o r k tive. I n J u l y , t h e New Yo r k M i r r o r r e p o r t e d t h a t W h i t e , 18Republican, 8 Sept. 1893. 19Republican, 26 J u n e 1886. 20Republican, 18 J u n e 1894. 2 1 C o u r i e r, 2 S e p t . 1 8 9 3 , p . 4 . 2 2 C o u r i e r, 1 5 May 1 8 8 6 . - �60 representing t h i r t y - o n e Michigan and Canadian t h e a t r e s , was booking a " l i s t rical h i s t o r y. of attractions . . . . . . unparalleled E v e r y conceivable a t t r a c t i o n i s on the l i s t . ,,23 That same season t h e C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d t h a t a group o f l o c a l businessmen w e r e o r g a n i z i n g a company cient c a p i t a l t o a t t r a c t Booth o r Barrett i n the l i n e of t r a g e d y , R o b i n s o n a n d C r a n e i n c o m e d y, a n o p e r a c o m p a n y, and o n e o r m o r e f i r s t - c l a s s E v i d e n t l y, n o t h i n g ever came o f t h i s . F i n a l l y i n 1 8 9 1 , B r a d y and Garwood o f D e t r o i t f o r m e d a t h e a t r i c a l c i r c u i t w h i c h embraced To l e d o , son, L a n s i n g , K a l a m a z o o , G r a n d R a p i d s , B a y C i t y , T o r o n t o , Hamilton and London, O n t a r i o . 2 5 The T i b b i t s e v e r, t h e p r e s s n e v e r a g a i n mentioned t h i s c i r c u i t . Besides h a v i n g d i f f i c u l t y i n attracting companies, H e n n i n g was p l a u g e d w i t h l a s t - m i n u t e c a n c e l l a t i o n s by s t a r s who f o u n d a b e t t e r engagement. I n 1889, Manager Henning proposed t o "make t r o u b l e " f o r one Ve r o n a J a r b e a u i f she d i d n ' t a p p e a r f o r h e r October 1 8 engagement a t bits.26 E v i d e n t l y, h e d i d n ' t make enough t r o u b l e b e c a u s e 23Courier, 3 J u l y 1 8 8 6 . 24Courier, 3 A p r i l 1 8 8 6 . 25Courier, 2 5 A p r i l 1 8 9 1 , p . 26Courier, 1 2 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 1. �M k . 6 companies c o n t i n u e d t o c a n c e l a t t h e l a s t m i n u t e o r s i m p l y not show. F i n a l l y, i n 1889 Mr. Henning, plagued b y the burden of "the elephant on his hands," published t h i s open l e t t e r in the Courier: E d i t o r C o u r i e r : P l e a s e a l l o w me t h r o u g h t h e m e d i u m o f your paper t o e x p l a i n t o t h e good c i t i z e n s o f Coldwater my f i n a n c i a l c o n d i t i o n , a n d t r y i f p o s s i b l e the moneyed men o f o u r c i t y t o s u c h a n e x t e n t t h a t I may be r e l i e v e d o f a b u r d e n t h a t i s i m p o s s i b l e f o r me t o longer bear. N e a r l y f i v e y e a r s ago I purchased House f o r $ 1 3 , 0 0 0 . I w a s a w a r e t h a t s u m w a s o n l y h a l f i t s o r i g i n a l c o s t , a n d w h i l e my scant means, i n c l u d i n g a l l t h e cash and r e a l e s t a t e I possessed, was f i c i e n t t o p a y down o n e - h a l f o f t h i s amount, I t i v e w i t h my l i t t l e s a l o o n business a n d a f a i r patronage f o r t h e O p e r a House I c o u l d s u p p o r t my f a m i l y and i n a short t i m e p a y f o r t h e p r o p e r t y t h a t seemed t h e n t o me so c h e a p . M y s a l o o n b e i n g i n t h e b a s e m e n t a n d o f f f r o m the main thoroughfare proved a Like t h e m a j o r i t y o f your readers my i n t e r e s t i s a l l i n C o l d w a t e r. T o a l l h e r e n t e r p r i s e s I h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d my m i t e . I f e l t flattered i n being the one o f h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , a n d m y o n l y h o p e h a s b e e n t h a t some d a y I c o u l d s a y , " T h i s O p e r a H o u s e i s M i n e . " A s i s the c a s e w i t h many o t h e r s I am d i s a p p o i n t e d , ated t o acknowledge t o t h e people o f Coldwater t h a t I am unable t o own o r c o n t r o l t h i s p r o p e r t y any l o n g e r f o r t h e purpose f o r w h i c h i t was i n t e n d e d . I am o f f e r e d f o r t h e p r o p e r t y n e a r l y a s much a s I g a v e , a n d s h o u l d I s e l l Coldwater w i l l b e d e p r i v e d o f what s h e seemed t o most need e i g h t y e a r s a g o - - a f i r s t c l a s s O p e r a House- e a r n e s t l y hope t h e men o f means i n o u r c i t y w i l l f o r m a s t o c k c o m p a n y, p u r c h a s e t h e O p e r a H o u s e a n d u s e i t f o r just what i t was o r i g i n a l l y intended- - a place ment f o r o u r c i t i z e n s . T o b e h o n o r a b l e i n m y d o i n g s , I w i l l s a y t o t h e c i t i z e n s o f Coldwater, t h i n k o f t h i s s e r i o u s l y. I f I h e a r n o t h i n g from you b y August 1 I shall consider I have done my d u t y, a n d t h e p r o p e r t y w i l l b e converted i n t o a business which I e a r n e s t l y hope will pay better. �6 Thanking my f r i e n d s f o r t h e i r k i n d words a n d s u p p o r t , remain, e t c . , J o s . Henning27 I A number o f s o l u t i o n s were proposed: T h e loving inhabitants o f Coldwater favored converting b i t s i n t o a b e e r garden w i t h v a r i e t y show e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . 2 8 Some w e r e i n f a v o r o f t h e c i t y b u y i n g t h e p r o p e r t y ing i t i n t o a To w n H a l l a n d c o u n c i l r o o m , w h i l e posed t o r a i s e t h e a m o u n t o f t h e i n d e b t e d n e s s a n d a s k M r . Henning t o t a k e i t without interest and repay the principal as s o o n a s c o n v e n i e n t . A n o t h e r s o l u t i o n was t i o n o f a s t o c k c o m p a n y. 2 9 The c o m p a n y w o u l d p u r c h a s e t h e p r o p e r t y, make needed r e p a i r s a n d p l a c e t h e t h e a t r e i n t h e hands o f a m a n a g e r. D u r i n g t h a t s u m m e r, e f f o r t s w e r e m a d e t o e s t a b l i s h a s t o c k c o m p a n y. T h e l o c a l people needed t o r a i s e $7000 b y the s a l e o f s t o c k a n d a n a d d i t i o n a l $ 5 0 0 0 m o r t g a g e . 3 0 While shares w e r e o n l y $ 2 5 a p i e c e , s a l e s were n e v e r b r i s k . 3 1 The Courier contended t h a t box o f f i c e r e c e i p t s o v e r sufficient t o p a y g o o d i n t e r e s t on t h e i n v e s t m e n t . needs s u c h a b u i l d i n g f o r v a r i o u s u s e s o u t s i d e t h e d r a m a , and s h o u l d i t b e c l o s e d i t s l o s s w o u l d b e k e e n l y f e l t , " s a i d 27Courier, 2 0 J u l y 1889, p . 8. 28Courier, 2 7 J u l y 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 29Republican, 2 3 J u l y 1889. 3 11 D R e p u b l i c a n , 2 6 J u l y 1 8 8 9 . 31 Republican, 2 6 J u l y 1889. �6 the C o u r i e r. " W e need such a convenience f o r l e c t u r e s and home e n t e r t a i n m e n t s o f d i f f e r e n t k i n d s , a n d ences w o u l d h a r d l y b e s a t i s f i e d w i t h a n y h a l l l e s s comfortable and elegant."32 The s t o c k company n e v e r m a t e r i a l i z e d b u t H e n n i n g continued on a y e a r -by-year extension o f h i s d e n t l y, h e c o u l d n o t b e a r t o s e e t h e t h e a t r e d i v e r t e d t o a n y o t h e r purpose.33 T h e Opera House d i d n o t a c t u a l l y a c h i e v e a f i r m f i n a n c i a l s t a n d i n g u n t i l t h e management ownership was t r a n s f e r r e d t o H e n n i n g ' s s o n - i n - l a w , J o h n T. Jackson. Legitimate Drama Combination p l a y s , r e p e r t o r y companies, a n d U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s c o n t i n u e d t o b e p o p u l a r i n t h e H e n n i n g years. O p e r e t t a s and Opera a l s o t o o k on increasing importance. The t r e n d i n l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a c o n t i n u e d t o b e t o w a r d s c o m e d y and s p e c t a c u l a r p l a y s b u t t h e c o m p l e x i o n o f c o m e d y b e g a n t o change i n t h e l a s t d e c a d e o f t h e c e n t u r y . Combination P l a y s J o s e p h Henning opened h i s son w i t h a " p l e a s i n g " p e r f o r m a n c e o f S i x P e a s i n a P o d . 3 4 3 2 C o u r i e r, 2 7 J a n . 1 8 9 4 , p . 33Republican, 1 6 Aug. 1 8 8 9 . 34Courier, 5 S e p t . 1 8 8 5 . 8. �6 T h i s was f o l l o w e d b y t h e H a r r y Webber company's N i p a n d Tu c k . The f o r e p i e c e , B e s s i e ' s B u r g l a r f e a t u r e d C a r r i e W e b b e r, t h e first o f many c h i l d a c t o r s t o g a i n p o p u l a r i t y o n bits stage.35 The s e a s o n p r o g r e s s e d w i t h a s e r i e s o f m e l o d r a m a s and c o m e d i e s . I n N o v e m b e r t h e M a r s t o n C o m p a n y, w h i c h w a s producing A W i f e ' s Honor, t r i e d t o s t i r up business f e r i n g a " b e a u t i f u l s o u v e n i r p h o t o g r a p h " t o e a c h l a d y who attended t h e p l a y. 3 6 Later i n the season the n e r G r o c e r y company o f f e r e d s o u v e n i r c a r d b a s k e t s . 3 7 I n J a n u a r y, W i l l i a m J . S c a n l a n , a l w a y s a n audience f a v o r i t e i n Coldwater, appeared i n Shane-na-Lawn, a n d t h e Republican reported t h a t t h e u n i v e r s a l v e r d i c t o n Scanlan was " h e ' s p e r f e c t l y c h a r m i n g . " 3 8 The C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t h e had " n o s u p e r i o r " a s a d e l i n e a t o r o f I r i s h c h a r a c t e r o r a s a 1 -T singer.39 The F e b r u a r y p e r f o r m a n c e o f S k i p p e d b y t h e L i g h t o f the Moon was more t y p i c a l o f t h e s e a s o n , h o w e v e r. publican wrote t h a t " L i k e most o f the p l a y s o f the d a y, i s v o i d o f p l o t a n d i s made u p e n t i r e l y o f 35Republican, 6 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 36Republican, 6 N o v. 1 8 8 5 . 37Republican, 8 Jan. 1 8 8 6 . 38Republican, 2 2 Jan. 1 8 8 6 . 3 9 C o u r i e r, 2 3 J a n . 1 8 8 6 . i t �6 tions and funny sayings. . • . " T h e reviewer went on t o s a y that t h e l o c a l people were growing t i r e d o f l i g h t comedy and desired something more s u b s t a n t i a l . T h e review concluded that t h e p l a y was " l i g h t t r a s h " a n d " f u n n y, v e r y , 4 Despite t h e Republican reviewer's weariness w i t h c o m e d y, t h e s e a s o n e n d e d o n t h e s a m e v e i n , i n t e r r u p t e d o n l y by S i b e r i a , B a r t l e y Campbell's s c e n i c s e n s a t i o n . The 1 8 8 6 - 8 7 s e a s o n , w h i l e c o n t i n u i n g t o o f f e r a l a r g e s h a r e o f c o m e d y, a l s o i n t r o d u c e d m o r e s u b s t a n t i a l d r a m a . The s e a s o n o p e n e d w i t h D i o n B o u c i c a u l t ' s T h e L o n g S t r i k e . The R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r w r o t e " T h e L o n g S t r i k e a s p l a y e d Saturday evening was one o f t h e f i n e s t p r o d u c t i o n s dered i n t h i s c i t y . W h e n we s a y, i n o u r o p i n i o n ber o f t h e company i s e n t i t l e d t o t h e c l a i m o f a c t o r o r actress we mean what t h e t e r m i m p l i e s - - t h e t r u t h f u l p o r t r a y a l of a l i v i n g p o s s i b i l i t y. " T h e review continued, "Nothing i n the p l a y was o v e r d r a w n , a n d t h e c h a r a c t e r s f r o m t h e p o o r e s t workingman t o t h e h e a r t l e s s e m p l o y e r s w e r e a c t e d t r u e t o life. . . . " 4 On O c t o b e r 4 A d e l a i d e M o o r e a r r i v e d i n t h e c i t y t o p l a y i n Romeo a n d J u l i e t . T h e C o u r i e r r e v i e w e r seemed more taken w i t h Miss Moore's p a l a c e c a r t h a n h e r performance and i n c l u d e d a l o n g d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e f o r m e r i n 4oEELLILl1Eta, 5 Feb. 1886. 41Republican, 2 1 Sept. 1 8 8 6 . �66 view."42 a "fine The R e p u b l i c a n o b s e r v e d t h a t w h i l e M i s s M o o r e h a d f o r m " and r i c h and c o s t l y wardrobe " h e r very poor. S h e enunciates quite indistinctly at times, and e v i d e n t l y needs t o devote months t o v o i c e c u l t u r e . H e r tones are n o t f l e x i b l e a n d she has an impediment t h a t lisping which i s a great o b s t r u c t i o n t o h e r ever becoming a pleasing reader." T h e reviewer continued t h a t she was t i n g more a d v e r t i s i n g from h e r b o u d o i r c a r and than from any a b i l i t i e s she has as an actress."43 The p r e v a l e n c e o f s p e c t a c u l a r a t t r a c t i o n s s e t t h e 1886-87 s e a s o n a p a r t f r o m f o r m e r s e a s o n s . T h e company came o n O c t o b e r 1 4 a n d a w e d a "stage s e t t i n g s . . . f a i r audience w i t h never before equalled i n Another s p e c t a c u l a r drama, The S t r e e t s Silver King this c i t y. " 44 o f New Y o r k , f e a t u r e d "Union Square b y n i g h t , i l l u m i n a t e d w i t h novel and wonderful calcium and e l e c t r i c light effects, Baxter street and Five Points as t h e y were i n those days, and ending w i t h ing o f a tenement house, which w i l l be the grandest f i r e scene e v e r w i t n e s s e d o n t h e O p e r a House s t a g e . " 4 5 water F i r e Department t o o k part i n the performance.46 4 2 C o u r i e r, 9 O c t . 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . 43 R e p u b l i c a n , 8 O c t . 1 8 8 6 . 44Courier, 1 6 O c t . 1 8 8 6 , 4 5 C o u r i e r, 1 3 N o v. 1 8 8 6 , P . 4 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 6 N o v. 1 8 8 6 . The 5. Bar �6 ley Campbell's The White Slave a l s o u t i l i z e d f e c t s . " T h e o l d s o u t h e r n home, t h e c a b i n o f t h e ole, t h e f l o a t i n g wreck with a r a i n storm o f were n a t u r a l a n d v e r y e f f e c t i v e . . . , 47 T h e t i o n o f The D e v i l ' s A u c t i o n r e q u i r e d a c a s t o f s i x t y and t h r e e r a i l c a r s f u l l o f s c e n e r y. 4 8 Commenting o n t h e a t t r a c t i o n o f t h e s e d r a m a s , t h e C o u r i e r e x p l a i n e d " N o m a t t e r how f i n e the s c e n e r y a n d s e t s t u f f may b e i n a n O p e r a H o u s e , p l a y g o e r s soon t i r e o f s e e i n g t h e s a m e , n o m a t t e r h o w c a r e f u l i t i s s e t , o r how d i f f e r e n t t h e c o m b i n a t i o n s . I t i s refreshing to s e e s o m e t h i n g new a n d b y d i f f e r e n t a r t i s t s , a n d b i n a t i o n s a r e d o i n g good work i n c a r r y i n g t h e i r own s c e n e r y made e x p r e s s l y f o r t h e p l a y . " 4 9 Apparently the b i t s p r o v i d e d f o r t h e O p e r a House when i t opened i n 1 8 8 2 h a d l o s t i t s g l a m o u r. T h u s , t h e e l a b o r a t e s c e n e r y b r o u g h t i n b y the t r a v e l i n g companies added a n o t h e r d i m e n s i o n o f i n t e r e s t to t h e p r o d u c t i o n . There w e r e v e r y f e w changes i n t h e n e x t t w o s e a s o n s . L i t t l e Nugget, a popular f a r c e , r e c e i v e d r e p e a t performances w h i l e s p e c t a c u l a r p l a y s c o n t i n u e d t o command g o o d C The n u m b e r o f c o m p a n i e s b o o k e d o v e r t h i s p e r i o d w a s l e s s t h a n 47 ' C o u r i e r , 2 7 N o v. 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . 4 8 C o u r i e r, 1 9 M a r. 1 8 8 7 , p . 5 . 49 C o u r i e r, 2 7 N o v . 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . 5 0 C o u r i e r, 6 A u g . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . �= M k 68 in former years. P e r h a p s Joseph Henning's culties account f o r t h i s . I r i s h comedies, always a f a v o r i t e w i t h t h e Coldwater p u b l i c , c o n t i n u e d t o amuse p l a y g o e r s . S h a w n Rhue, s t a r r i n g J. S . Murphy; Shane-na-Lawn, f e a t u r i n g Scanlan; T h e Shamrock, w i t h E d w i n H a n f o r d ; a n d Shamus O ' B r i e n w e r e a l l well received. A German e t h n i c drama, H a n s , t h e German D e t e c t i v e , f a i l e d t o attract the local people. T h e C o u r i e r r e p o r t s t h a t t h o s e who did attend "did not go w i l d over the performance."51 Gus Williams i n Kippler's Fortunes enjoyed a s i m i l a r reception.52 The R e p u b l i c a n ' s r e v i e w o f K e e p i t D a r k c o u l d h a v e served a s w e l l f o r most o f t h e 1 8 8 7 - 8 9 p l a y s . " T h o s e who went t o l a u g h h a d a n o p p o r t u n i t y, t h o s e who w e n t f o r a n y other purpose had v e r y l i t t l e t o g r a t i f y them. . • • u53 A i d e n B e n e d i c t i n A l e x a n d e r Dumas' M o n t e C r i s t o a n d Edmund C o l l i e r i n V i r g i n i u s d r e w l i t t l e comment f r o m t h e p r e s s . Michael S t r o g o f f received s i m i l a r treatment. A f t e r giving A P o s s i b l e Case a tremendous b u i l d u p p r i o r t o i t s performance,54 the p r e s s d i s a g r e e d w i t h t h e a c t i n g methods o f t h e l e a d i n g l a d y. . . t h e methods o f Miss Georgie Drew Barrymore, a s the much m a r r i e d h e r o i n e , s a v o r perhaps a 5 1 C o u r i e r, 3 D e c . 1 8 8 7 , p . 52Courier, 2 3 F e b . 1 8 8 9 , p . t r i f l e more I . 1. 53Republican, 11 N o v. 1 8 8 7 . 54 Feb. 1 8 8 9 . Courier, 9 Feb. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 ; a n d Republican, 1 5 �6 D e l s a r t i a n school t h a n i s r e q u i s i t e f o r t h e most p l e a s i n g and h a p p y e f f e c t s . . . " T h e l o c a l papers c o u l d n ' t even s t i r u p much e n t h u s i a s m f o r t h e s p e c t a c u l a r A r o u n d t h e W o r l d in Eighty Days.56 F r e q u e n t l y, H e n n i n g l o s t companies o n t h e n i g h t o f t h e i r performance. T h e Bad Boy f o l d e d due t o p o o r b u s i n e s s . 5 7 The c o m p a n y w h i c h w a s t o d o B a r t l e y C a m p b e l l ' s M y G e r a l d i n e "took a jump t o C i n c i n n a t i where t h e y p l a y n e x t week."58 It's l i t t l e wonder t h a t a t t h e c l o s e o f t h e 1888-89 ning a t t e m p t e d t o s e l l t h e Opera House. In t h e f o l l o w i n g two seasons, 1889-90 and 1890-91, the t o t a l number o f companies a p p e a r i n g i n G o l d w a t e r i n c r e a s e d over t h e p r e v i o u s t w o y e a r s . C o m e d i e s a n d tions continued t o dominate t h e schedule. W h i l e most o f t h e comedies r e f l e c t e d t h e f a r c i c a l s i t u a t i o n s a n e w e r t r e n d w a s a l s o a p p a r e n t . C o m e d y was m o v i n g c l o s e r t o v a r i e t y a n d v a u d e v i l l e i n some o f t h e s h o w s . T h e R e p u b l i c a n wrote o f t h e F a k i r , " T h e r e was b u t v e r y l i t t l e p l o t t o t h e p i e c e , n o r d i d i t n e e d a n y, f o r t h e performance o f ferent s p e c i a l t i e s b y t h e s e v e r a l l a d i e s and gentlemen t o o k 55Republican, 2 2 Feb. 1 8 8 9 . 5 6 C o u r i e r, 1 6 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 ; a n d R e p u b l i c a n , 1 9 M a r. 1 8 8 9 . 5 7 C o u r i e r, 5 May 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 5 8 C o u r i e r, 3 0 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 . �70 the audience b y storm. . . " i n the May 1890 review o f Uncle H i r a m t h e r e v i e w e r r e p o r t e d a l a u g h l i n e t h a t c o u l d have come f r o m v a u d e v i l l e . " . . . he advised the sleeping colored s e r v a n t t o b e l i k e some C o l d w a t e r p o l i t i c i a n s , s o that he c o u l d l i e a s w e l l on one s i d e a s t h e o t h e r. " 6 0 A Cold Day f e a t u r e d C a r l o t t a d o i n g t h e London G a i e t y dance. 6 Both newspapers g a v e e n t h u s i a s t i c r e v i e w s o f L o u i s James' p o r t r a y a l o f O t h e l l o . S a y i n g t h a t h e w a s t h e b e s t example o f t h e h e r o i c s c h o o l l e f t i n the theatre "since the Titans o f t h e drama f e l l a s l e e p , " t h e C o u r i e r asserted t h a t a more s a t i s f a c t o r y p e r f o r m a n c e w a s n e v e r g i v e n i n C o l d w a t e r . 6 2 The R e p u b l i c a n l a b e l e d h i s p e r f o r m a n c e a " d r a m a t i c t r e a t . " 6 3 The p a t r o n a g e w a s n o t c o m m e n s u r a t e w i t h t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e performance, however. The F i r e m a n ' s W a r d a n d L i t t l e L o r d F a u n t l e r o y b o t h featured c h i l d a c t o r s . A l b e r t a Keen, who portrayed L i t t l e Lord F a u n t l e r o y, c a p t i v a t e d t h e a u d i e n c e w i t h h e r ing. T h e Courier wrote "She i s a c h i l d actress o f remarkable promise, w i t h none o f those ' s t a g e y ' mannerisms a n d t r i c k s 59Repub1ican, 8 N o v. 1 8 8 9 . 6oRepublican, 9 May 1890. 61Courier, 1 4 M a r. 1 8 9 1 , p . 8. 6 2 C o u r i e r, 1 5 N o v. 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 ; a n d 2 9 N o v. 1 8 9 0 , p. 1 . 63 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 8 N o v. 1 8 9 0 . �71 t h a t make u p t h e average s t a g e c h i l d . " 6 4 As a l w a y s , W . J . S c a n l a n d r e w a c r o w d w i t h h i s Irish piece, Myles Aroon.65 To u r i s t s I n latest a Pullman Car, a n o t h e r I r i s h c o m e d y, a l s o r e c e i v e d p r a i s e f r o m t h e p r e s s . The R e p u b l i c a n r e p o r t e d t h a t " t h e r e w a s n o t a them.,66 James R e i l l y tracted a f a i r audience.67 s t i c k among i n The Broommaker o f Carlsbad During 1891-92 and 1892-93 seasons t h e comedies which f e a t u r e d s p e c i a l t i e s o v e r p l o t became more f r e q u e n t . T h e Republican reviewer r e f e r r e d t o t h e S o c i a l Session actors a s "clever specialty people."68 The C o u r i e r d e s c r i b e d cial Session actors as "several f i r s t - c l a s s some e x c e l l e n t s i n g e r s a n d d a n c e r s . " 6 9 Rice's Evangeline vertised a dancing h e i f e r and p r e t t y g i r l s , 7 0 while t h e Courier said o f the featured actress cus, " H e r humor i s while her 'kick' i s irresistible, too cute i n A Night at her smile i s f o r anything."71 64Courier, 2 2 Mar. 1 8 9 0 , p . 65 C o u r i e r , 5 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 1. 66Republican, 1 0 Jan. 1890. 67 C o u r i e r , 2 7 D e c . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1. 68Republican, 1 8 Sept. 1891. 69 C o u r i e r. 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 70Courier, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 7 C o u r i e r, 7 N o v. 1 8 9 1 , p . 8. 8. 8. infectious, The s t a r of �72 Fat Men's Club k e p t t h e audience laughing w i t h a s i n g i n g , dancing and a c r o b a t i c performance w h i c h was " b e t t e r t h a n average."72 Two o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h e v e n t u a l l y f o r m e d t h e Theatrical Syndicate appeared a t the Ti b b i t s during 92 s e a s o n . T h e C o u n t y F a i r , a company u n d e r t h e management of C. B . J e f f e r s o n , Klaw and Erlanger which had formerly played a t H o o l e y ' s i n Chicago, f e a t u r e d a horse r a c e w i t h three Kentucky thoroughbred horses ridden by professional jockeys o v e r a t h r e e - q u a r t e r m i l e course i n audience. A f u l l view of the SRO h o u s e f o u n d t h e p r o d u c t i o n j o y a b l e . " 7 3 C h a r l e s Frohman's H e l d b y t h e Enemy a p p e a r e d i n March o f , 8 9 2 . 7 4 L i t t l e G o l d i e i n The Rocky Mountain Wa i f gene Wa s h b u r n e i n T h e W a i f o f and New Yo r k f a i l e d t o g i v e a s much s a t i s f a c t i o n a s c h i l d s t a r s who h a d appeared i n f o r m e r y e a r s . I n t h e f o r m e r p l a y t h e press appeared t o b e more impressed by t h e Rocky mountain pony a n d b u r r o t h a n t h e c h i l d a c t r e s s . 7 5 A steam f i r e e n g i n e and a p a i r o f horses s t o l e Miss Washburne.76 Steel Mackaye's P a u l Kauvar was t h e o n l y 72Courier, 1 6 J a n . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . 7 3 C o u r i e r, 5 S e p t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 8 . 74Repub1ican, 4 M a r. 1 8 9 2 . 75Courier, 1 5 O c t . 1 8 9 1 p . 8. 76Courier, 1 5 O c t . 1 8 9 1 ; p . 8. �7 s e r i o u s p l a y t o command a l a r g e a u d i e n c e . 7 7 Like t h e season preceding i t , t h e 1893-94 season was a c o m b i n a t i o n o f c o m e d y, s p e c t a c u l a r d r a m a , a n d I r i s h e t h n i c plays. E v i d e n t l y the public was growing t i r e d o f t i o n a l I r i s h dramas. W h e n t h e p r e -show p u b l i c i t y f o r The Wicklow Postman promised t h a t " t h e u s u a l e l e m e n t s o f t h e r e d coat, t h e policeman, t h e process server and the informer a r e conspicuous b y t h e i r absence," t h e R e p u b l i c a n added f r e s h i n g a b s e n c e . ,,78 The p r e s s s e e m e d m o r e i n c l i n e d t h a n e v e r b e f o r e t o evaluate performances i n terms o f naturalness and realism. John D i l l o n ' s p e r f o r m a n c e i n A M o d e l Husband was l a u d e d a s "true t o nature."79 T h e Republican described a scene i n The Police P a t r o l . " I n one a c t the i n t e r i o r o f a p o l i c e p a t r o l barn i s shown w i t h t h e horses s t a n d i n g i n t h e i r s t a l l s , t h e wagon i n p l a c e , a n d e v e r y t h i n g i n r e a d i n e s s f o r t h e a l a r m . When t h e b e l l s o u n d s t h e h o r s e s d a s h u n d e r t h e ness, a r e h i t c h e d and o f f t h e s t a g e i n l e s s t h a n onds."80 A n o t h e r Frohman company came t o C o l d w a t e r i n M a y o f 1894. I n t h e p r e -show p u b l i c i t y f o r Jane t h e 77Courier, 2 0 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 78Republican, 1 7 N o v. 1 8 9 3 . 79Republican, 9 Feb. 1894. 80 Republican, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 3 . 8. �'4 cribed Frohman's a t t r a c t i o n s a s t h e f i n e s t o n t h e The C o u r i e r w r o t e " A l l o f F r o h m a n ' s a t t r a c t i o n s t i c s u c c e s s e s , a n d t h e management i s t o b e c o n g r a t u l a t e d o n securing t h i s a t t r a c t i o n . " 8 2 The m a j o r i t y o f c o m b i n a t i o n p l a y s d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g years c o n t i n u e d t o b e e i t h e r comedies o r s p e c t a c u l a r dramas. The m o s t n o t a b l e c h a n g e d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s w a s i n t y p e o f c o m e d y. P a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h e l a t e 8 0 ' s a n d e a r l y edy began t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n t o w a r d a v a u d e v i l l e - t y p e s h o w where t h e p e r f o r m e r s became m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h e p l a y . Most r e v i e w s o f c o m e d i e s a f t e r 1 8 9 0 f o c u s e d o n t h e a c t o r s ' songs, d a n c e s a n d a c r o b a t i c s k i l l s r a t h e r t h a n o n t h e p l a y itself. R e p e r t o r y Companies R e p e r t o r y companies c o n t i n u e d t o b e popular during the f i r s t n i n e years o f of t h e t h e a t r e . M o s t companies f e a t u r e d comedies t i m e f a v o r i t e s s u c h a s R i p Va n W i n k l e a n d T e n N i g h t s i n a Barroom. T h e y a l s o a t t e m p t e d t o l u r e a u d i e n c e s w i t h p r i z e drawings f o r p a r l o r stoves o r s o f a s . Rentfrow's J o l l y P a t h f i n d e r s made f o u r the c i t y d u r i n g H e n n i n g ' s t e n u r e . T h e q u a l i t y o f performance went f r o m " n o t a ' s t i c k ' i n t h e company" i n 188783 t o 81Republican, 8 May 1894. 8 2 C o u r i e r, 1 2 May 1 8 9 4 , P . 8 . 8 3 C o u r i e r, 8 O c t . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . �7 ticularly strong" b y 1892.84 to a p p e a r i n 1 8 8 9 . The H o l d e n Comedy Company b e g a n T h i s company f e a t u r e d t h e t e t t e , singing, dancing and s p e c i a l t i e s , s p a r k l i n g scenes, popular music, f u n n y situations from beginning t o end."85 The c o m p a n y a l s o f e a t u r e d a c h i l d a c t r e s s a n d p r i z e d r a w i n g s which o f f e r e d e v e r y t h i n g f r o m s i l v e r t e a s e t s t o a n " a n t i q u e oak c h a m b e r s e t . " 8 6 The W a i t e C o m b i n a t i o n , E u n i c e G o o d r i c h pany a n d I d a Va n C o u r t l a n d ' s Ta v e r n i e r s a l l a p p e a r e d t w i c e i n C o l d w a t e r . W h i l e t h e W a i t e ' s commanded l a r g e a u d i e n c e s , the C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t " a more w r e t c h e d performance was n e v e r witnessed on t h e s t a g e . . . ."87 The T a v e r n i e r s w e r e j u d g e d " f a r above t h e average o f t h e h i g h p r i c e d companies t h a t visit our city."88 F i f t e e n o t h e r r e p e r t o r y companies made s i n g l e v i s i t s to t h e c i t y . N o t a b l e among them were t h e E g b e r t D r a m a t i c Company s t a r r i n g M i s s K a t e G l a s s f o r d , " a n e m o t i o n a l a c t r e s s f a r above t h e average;"89 t h e Carner-Shepard Combination, i n which C a r n e r was pronounced " f u l l y t h e e q u a l o f 84Courier, 1 O c t . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . 85 Courier, 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 8 . 86Republican, 2 0 Dec. 1 8 8 9 . 87 Courier, 3 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 8 8 C o u r 1 e r, 9 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 . 89 Republican, D e c . 1885. �76 son" i n h i s p o r t r a y a l o f R i p Va n W i n k l e ; 9 0 t h e t o n Company i n w h i c h M i s s H a m i l t o n p o r t r a y e d N a n c y S y k e s i n O l i v e r Tw i s t w i t h "more t h a n o r d i n a r y power";91 a n d win Comedy Company who a w a r d e d a J e r s e y cow t o t h e h o l d e r o f a w i n n i n g n u m b e r. 9 2 U n c l e T o m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s U n c l e To m c o m p a n i e s c o n t i n u e d to a t t r a c t b o t h l a r g e audiences a n d t h e r i d i c u l e o f t h e p r e s s . D r a p e r ' s U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Company a n d S t e t s o n ' s Company e a c h m a d e r e t u r n e n g a g e m e n t s . O n e W . D i b b l e o f t h e S t e t s o n Company was e s p e c i a l l y p o p u l a r because o f h i s n i n g musket d r i l l " w h i c h was " t r u l y m a r v e l o u s . " 9 3 There seemed t o b e a c o m p e t i t i o n among t h e U n c l e Tom c o m p a n i e s t o p r o d u c e t h e m o s t s p e c t a c u l a r s h o w . B y 1890 Rusco a n d S w i f t ' s c o m p a n y f e a t u r e d " t h e o r i g i n a l E l i z a , t h e 4o,000 g a l l o n t a n k o f water, N t r i c k alligator, t e r man-eating blood hounds, r t h g t r i c k donkey g i n a l Te n n e s s e e J u b i l e e s i n g e r s a n d M i s s C o r a D e n n i n g , t h e l a r g e s t s a l a r i e d To p s y t r a v e l i n g ( $ 2 5 0 p e r t o n ' s M o n s t e r company f e a t u r e d " 2 To p s i e s , 2 M a r k s , 90Republican, 1 0 Sept. 1886. 91Courier, 1 5 Dec. 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 92Republican, 2 7 N o v. 1 8 9 1 . 93Courier, 4 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5. 9 4 C o u r i e r, 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 . • �7 cated donkeys, f i v e S h e t l a n d p o n i e s , 6 Cuban and l i t t l e D o l l i e White, t h e phenominal C s i g child artist."95 I n 1 8 9 4 , T h e D a v i s ' U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Company i n c l u d e d " t w o bands, s e v e r a l h o r s e s , s i x b l o o d hounds, E v a ' s g o l d e n c h a r i o t , Uncle To m ' s C a b i n a n d h i s s o u t h e r n o x c a r t . " 9 6 only r e p l y t o a l l The p r e s s e s ' o f t h i s was " A n o t h e r U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n company i s h e a d e d t h i s w a y , J o h n n y , g e t y o u r g u n ! " 9 7 Operas a n d O p e r e t t a s A l t h o u g h t h e l o c a l c i t i z e n s ' i n t e r e s t in opera and o p e r e t t a was f u l f i l l e d o n l y by tions during Bart Ti b b i t s ' ownership o f the sional companies a r r i v e d d u r i n g t h e Henning y e a r s . T w e l v e such c o m p a n i e s a p p e a r e d o n t h e T i b b i t s s t a g e . B y far the most p o p u l a r w a s t h e A n d r e w s O p e r a Company w h i c h p l a y e d i n Coldwater f o u r times between 1889 and 1893. T h e citizens' eagerness t o a t t r a c t t h i s company i n a u g u r a t e d t h e p r a c t i c e o f "guaranteed performances." A l a r g e number o f people bought t i c k e t s i n advance a n d t h e n t h e company was i n v i t e d form a t t h e T i b b i t s f o r a g u a r a n t e e d f u l l h o u s e . nique was u t i l i z e d f r e q u e n t l y i n f u t u r e y e a r s t o a t t r a c t performers a n d shows w h i c h n o r m a l l y would have bypassed t h e Opera House b e c a u s e o f i t s l i m i t e d s e a t i n g c a p a c i t y. 9 5 C o u r i e r, 2 7 D e c . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1. 9 6 C o u r i e r, 1 6 June 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. 97 C o u r i e r, 1 F e b . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1. T h e �7 i n i t i a l p r o d u c t i o n o f t h e Andrews company's L a M a s c o t t e w a s w e l l r e c e i v e d . B y 1 8 9 3 t h e company h a d a d d e d " s k i r t d a n c e r s " and c h a r g e d " a d o l l a r f o r a f i f t y c e n t The Emma A b b o t t C o m p a n i e s ' p r o d u c t i o n o f M a r t h a b r o u g h t e x c u r s i o n t r a i n s f r o m many n e i g h b o r i n g t o w n s 9 9 t o see " P r o b a b l y t h e m o s t e n j o y a b l e p e r f o r m a n c e e v e r g i v e n i n C o l d w a t e r . " 1 0 0 T h e Thompson O p e r a C o m p a n i e s ' M i k a d o w a s "very pleasing"101 a l t h o u g h t h e Republican r e v i e w e r added "The o p e r a i s v e r y f a n n y a n d w o u l d b e b e t t e r e n j o y e d o n a second h e a r i n g . E v e r y t h i n g i s s o s t r a n g e a n d u n e x p e c t e d t h a t i t t a k e s some t i m e t o become a c c u s t o m e d t o i t s o d d i t i e s . " 1 0 2 The r e v i e w e r s a g r e e d t h a t t h e a c t i n g w a s much b e t t e r t h a n was g e n e r a l l y s e e n among s i n g e r s . Local opera b u f f s a l s o had an o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e a r t h e Temple T h e a t r e C o m p a n i e s ' L i t t l e Ty c o o n a n d I n t h e S w i m ; t h e B o s t o n C o m i c O p e r a Company i n T h e M a s c o t , O l i v e t t e and t h e M i k a d o ; a n d t h e S t e t s o n Company i n T h e Ye o m a n o f the G u a r d . I n 1893 t h e John G r i f f i t h Faust. 9 8 C o u r i e r, 3 1 J a n . 1 8 9 1 , p . 1 ; a n d 4 N o v. 1 8 9 3 , p . 8 . 99Ruoublican, 9 O c t . 1885. 10 ° C o u r i e r , 1 7 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 1 0 1 C o u r i e r, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 102Republican, 2 3 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . �7 Visiting stars The O p e r a H o u s e c o n t i n u e d t o e x p e r i e n c e d i f f i c u l t y i n p e r s u a d i n g s t a r s t o come t o C o l d w a t e r. T h e t r a c t i o n d u r i n g the Henning years was Francesca Janauschek. This Czech a c t r e s s , who was one o f proponents o f bits the last international the grand tragic s t y l e , appeared a t i n 1888 a s Meg M e r i l l e s and a g a i n i n 1890 a s L a d y Macbeth. C a l l i n g h e r 1888 appearance " t h e dramatic e v e n t o f the s e a s o n , " t h e Republican r e v i e w e r noted "She h a s t h e same spirit t h a t s h e e x h i b i t e d when we h e a r d h e r t e n o r t w e l v e years ago. H e r makeup a s t h e w i t c h c a n h a r d l y be i m p r o v e d and t h e p a t h o s w h i c h s h e p u t i n t o t h e p a r t kindliness and love s t i l l dwelt within the harsh exterior. Janauschek's motherly face ( a is well adapted t o this r e a l l y showed t h a t t h i n g she could not disguise) particular sentiment i n 'Old Meg.,103 In 1890, t h e Courier reported t h a t "She gave a terpretation o f Lady Macbeth."104 Sol Smith Russell, who had appeared i n 1884, r e t u r n e d i n 1886 t o play in F e l i x McKersick and again i n 1888 f o r performance o f Bewitched. T h e a Republican reviewer found the plays i n f e r i o r and t h e company s u p p o r t i n g R u s s e l l " n o t a strong one." a host i n H e concluded, however, t h a t " M r. R u s s e l l i s himself, and h i s songs and impersonations created 103 R e p u b l i c a n . 2 1 F e b . 1 8 8 8 . 104Courier. 1 5 M a r. 1 8 9 0 , P. 1, �8 quite a f u r o r e o f enthusiasm."105 Roland R e e d a l s o r e t u r n e d i n 1 8 8 6 t o p l a y i n Humbug. H i s s u p p o r t i n g a c t r e s s , E m i l y Kean, r e c e i v e d a b e t t e r r e v i e w t h a n h e . " M i s s K e a n made a b r i g h t a n d v i v a c i o u s N e t t i e S h a w, a n d a d d e d much t o t h e enjoyment o f t h e e v e n i n g b y h e r s i n g i n g . " 1 0 6 Maggie M i t c h e l l a n d R h e a a l s o p l a y e d ments. M i t c h e l l ' s L o n e , o r t h e A r t i s t ' s Dream r e c e i v e d n o r e v i e w . R h e a ' s p e r f o r m a n c e i n Much A d o A b o u t N o t h i n g w a s termed " q u i t e a t r e a t . " T h e r e v i e w e r c o n t i n u e d t h a t h e r s u p p o r t i n g company w a s s t r o n g a n d t h e c o s t u m e s w e r e " t h e m o s t elegant e v e r seen on t h e stage here."107 May D a v e n p o r t w a s booked f o r D e c e m b e r 4 , 1 8 8 9 b u t f a i l e d t o m a k e a n a p p e a r a n c e "much t o t h e d i s g u s t o f t h e b a l d h e a d s . " 1 0 8 Robert M a n t e l l , who f o r m e r l y p l a y e d o p p o s i t e F a n n y D a v e n p o r t , a p p e a r e d i n Monbars i n 1 8 8 9 . H e was r a t e d " a n unusually f i n e a c t o r " and t h e press l a b e l e d t h e p l a y ful."109 Local b o x i n g f a n s g o t a t r e a t when John van a p p e a r e d i n T h e Man f r o m B o s t o n . " A s C a p t a i n H a r c o u r t , M r. S u l l i v a n a p p e a r s s e v e r a l l y i n a w h i t e costume w h i c h i s v a s t l y b e c o m i n g ; i n t h a t b a d g e o f s o c i e t y , 105Republican, 9 A p r i l 1 8 8 6 . 106Republican, 2 6 F e b . 1 8 8 6 . 1 0 7 C o u r i e r, 8 Dec. 1888, p . 1 1 0 8 C o u r i e r, 7 Dec. 1889, p . 1 109Repub1ican, 1 9 A p r i l 1 8 8 9 ; a n d C o u r i e r , 2 0 A p r i l 1889, p . 8 . �8 the o r d i n a r y d r e s s s u i t , a n d i n h i s f i g h t i n g costume arena c o n t e s t when t h e audience s i m p l y howl w i t h d e l i g h t a t the s i g h t o f J o h n ' s massive m u s c l e . " 11 0 Concerts During t h e Henning years musical t i n u e d t o command l a r g e a u d i e n c e s . S o m e o f ments w e r e p a r t o f t h e Y. M . C . A . l e c t u r e s e r i e s , b u t a g r e a t e r number w e r e t r a v e l i n g c o m p a n i e s who w e r e b o o k e d i n t o b i t s f o r a s i n g l e performance. Instrumental music continued t o t a k e second p l a c e t o v o c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s b u t a number o f s u c h groups came t o Coldwater between 1888 a n d 1 8 9 4 . T h e Royal dors, a group c o n s i s t i n g o f t h r e e mandolins and two g u i t a r s , appeared i n 1 8 8 8 . 111 Two y e a r s l a t e r , t h e Y. M . C . A . l e c t u r e s e r i e s b r o u g h t t h e B o s t o n Symphony O r c h e s t r a l C l u b t o t o w n . The Symphony f e a t u r e d S w e d i s h p r i m a d o n n a M l l e . t r o m . 11 2 The M c G i b e n y ' s , a f a m i l y o f s i x t e e n who p r e s e n t e d a n instrumental and vocal entertainment, appeared i n 1889 and again i n 1 8 9 2 . 11 3 D u r i n g t h e e a r l y 1 8 9 0 ' s t h e Y. M . C . A . p r e s e n t e d t h e 11 0 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 9 D e c . 1 8 9 3 . 111 C o u r i e r, 2 5 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5 . 11 2 C o u r i e r, 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 . 11 3 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 1 O c t . 1 8 8 9 . �82 Charles F. Higgins Concert C o . , a trio;114 violin, cornet and clarinet and t h e M i c h i g a n U n i v e r s i t y G l e e a n d B a n j o C l u b . Appearing i n 1893 and a g a i n i n ' 9 4 t h e Michigan U n i v e r s i t y group " . . . rendered the most d i f f i c u l t r e m a r k a b l e s k i l l . , , 11 5 The S w e d i s h N a t i o n a l O c t e t w a s t h e o n l y v o c a l g r o u p to make t w o appearances d u r i n g Henning's t e n u r e . T h e ladies appeared i n t h e costumes a n d head d r e s s o f t h e p e a s a n t r y and were " s o f u l l o f brightness and vivacity that the audience i s c o m p l e t e l y enraptured."116 O t h e r v o c a l groups i n c l u d e d t h e V e s c e l i u s O p e r a a n d C o n c e r t C o m p a n y, w h i c h c o n s i s t e d o f a f e m a l e t r i o , t e n o r , b a r i t o n e , p i a n i s t a n d c o m e d i a n ; 11 7 t h e Harvard Q u a r t e t t e , whose "concert gave v e r y tion;"118 Emerson's Boston Stars; "Across t h e A t l a n t i c , " a 1 program f e a t u r i n g D u t c h , I r i s h a n d Negro s o n g s ; 1 9 L e n n a n ' s R o y a l E d i n b u r g h C o n c e r t C o m p a n y. T h e Y . M . C . A . c o u r s e brought i n t h e O v i d e M u s i n C o n c e r t Company; t h e A r i e l Thomas Combination, T h e Schuman L a d y Q u a r t e t t e , t h e R e d p a t h C o n c e r t C o m p a n y, a n d t h e L o t u s G l e e C l u b . 11 Republican, 2 8 Feb. 1 8 9 0 . 11 5 C o u r i e r, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 9 3 , p . 1. 11 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 1 S e p t . 1 8 8 8 . 11 7 C o u r i e r, 2 0 June 1 8 8 5 . 11 8 C o u r i e r, 9 F e b . 1 8 8 9 , p . 8. 11 9 Courier, 1 3 A p r i l 1889, p . 8. �83 The l a d i e s of Detroit, f o r o f St. Marks imported Mrs. F. a program o f vocal music i n 1892. C. Arthur, 120 A year l a t e r , t h e W h i t n e y Mockridge company was persuaded t o s t o p o ff a t Coldwater while en route t o Chicago. T h e wrote " . . . Courier M r. Mockridge possesses a t e n o r voice markable s t r e n g t h a n d q u a l i t y , w h i l e o t h e r members o f the company w e r e v o c a l i s t s . o f more t h a n o r d i n a r y a b i l i t y . . ."121 Related Theatrical A c t i v i t y The O p e r a H o u s e c o n t i n u e d t o p r o v i d e s p a c e f o r number o f a c t i v i t i e s besides professional theatre. became m o r e p o p u l a r i n a L e c t u r e s the l a t e 80's and the sored a l e c t u r e course each season b e g i n n i n g i n 1888-89. M i n s t r e l shows a l s o continued t o be crowdever, t h e t o t a l number o f such entertainments what compared t o t h e T i b b i t s y e a r s . shows g a i n e d i n popularity. I n V a r i e t y and vaudeville f a c t , many o f the m i n s t r e l entertainments were hardly distinguishable from ville acts. Dances, p o l i t i c a l meetings, w r e s t l i n g matches, a r t e x h i b i t s a s w e l l a s many o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s c o n t i n u e d t o be h o u s e d i n Lectures the Tibbits. D e s p i t e the Republican reviewer's caution t h a t . baseball, cardplaying, dancing, e t c . may be v e r y w e l l 120Repub1ican, 1 2 A p r i l 1 8 9 2 . 1 2 1 C o u r i e r, 1 A p r i l 1 8 9 3 , p . 1 �8 i n t h e i r w a y, b u t n o t n e a r l y s o b e n e f i c i a l a s t h a t d o s o much t o t r a i n t h e i n t e l l e c t i n s t e a d o f t h e h a n d s and f e e t , " 1 2 2 t h e t o w n d i d n o t r e a l l y s u p p o r t a l e c t u r e course u n t i l 1 8 8 8 - 8 9 . P r e v i o u s l y , t h e r e h a d b e e n o n l y o n e or two l e c t u r e s p e r y e a r. I n 1886, M r. R . F. Tr e v e l l i c k , t h e Grand L e c t u r e r o f t h e N a t i o n a l A s s e m b l y o f K n i g h t s o f L a b o r , made a f a v o r a b l e i m p r e s s i o n w h e n h e s p o k e o n t h e p r o b l e m s o f the w o r k i n g man.123 The f o l l o w i n g y e a r R e v. G e o r g e C r a v e n s o f To l e d o s p o k e o n L o c a l O p t i o n v s . H i g h L i c e n s e " 1 2 4 w h i l e R e v. R o b e r t N o u r s e o f W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . g a v e a l e c t u r e e n t i t l e d "John a n d J o n a t h a n . " 1 2 5 The 1 8 8 8 l e c t u r e s e r i e s i n c l u d e d n o t o n l y l e c t u r e s but a l s o o n e o r two c o n c e r t s . T h e speakers i n c l u d e d J u s t i n M c C a r t h y, a l e a d e r i n t h e B r i t i s h H o u s e o f Commons;126 C . E . Bolton, who gave a s t e r e o p t i c a n l e c t u r e o n Russia and t h e Romanoffs";127 a n d R e v. R o b e r t M c I n t y r e who " c a r r i e s h i s audience a w a y w i t h h i m b y h i s e l o q u e n c e i n " T h e Man w i t h the M u s k e t , o r S o l d i e r i n g i n D i x i e . " 1 2 8 R e v . D r . W i l l i t s o f 122Republican, 2 8 S e p t . 1 8 8 8 . 123Republican, 4 May 1 8 8 6 . 124 C o u r i e r, 1 7 D e c . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . 1 2 5 C o u r i e r, 2 5 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 126Republican, 2 1 S e p t . 1 8 8 8 . 1 2 7 C o u r i e r, 2 2 D e c . 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 128 Republican, 2 1 D e c . , 1 8 8 8 . �85 Philadelphia gave a lecture e n t i t l e d "Sunshine."129 Kennan s p o k e o n "Camp L i f e George i n E a s t e r n S i b e r i a , " 1 3 0 a n d R e v. Hourse r e t u r n e d t o impersonate D r . J e k y l and M r. Hyde.131 In 1889, t h e l e c t u r e course provided ments f o r 1 2 i O e a c h . 1 3 2 T h e Dr. A . A . W i l l i t s , speakers, John DeWitt M i l l e r, Russell H. Conwell, Bob Burdette land Powers discoursed on a v a r i e t y o f subjects r a n g i n g from Love a n d M a r r i a g e t o p r i s o n l i f e t o "Acres o f Diamonds." Washington G a r d n e r p r e s e n t e d h i s l e c t u r e , " T h e S t r u g g l e f o r Chattanooga" u n d e r t h e auspices o f Butterworth Post G.A.R.133 The R e d p a t h L e c t u r e B u r e a u s e t u p t h e 1 8 9 0 - 9 1 Y. M . C . A . lecture course.134 Leland Powers, who had the y e a r formed " R e p r e s e n t a t i o n s f r o m D i c k e n s , " r e t u r n e d t o sonations from David Garrick.135 do n o t t h i n k line The R e p u b l i c a n w r o t e " W e t h a t Mr. Powers has h i s equal on t h e stage i n his o f work" t h e n the reviewer suggested t h a t t h e l o c a l people would l i k e t o see Mr. Powers perform i n a p l a y. 1 3 6 129Courier, 2 3 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 130Courier, 3 0 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 131Republican, 21 S e p t . 1888. 132Republican, 8 Oct. 1889. 133Republican, 5 Mar. 1890. 134,Republican, 1 2 S e p t . 1 8 9 0 . 1 3 5 C o u r i e r, 2 0 D e c . 1 8 9 0 , p . 136;Republican, 1 6 J a n . 1 8 9 1 . 1. Other �8 tures t h a t season i n c l u d e d a discourse b y D r. James H e d l e y on t h e " S u n n y S i d e o f L i f e " ; 1 3 7 D a n i e l D a u g h e r t y, t h e " s i l v e r tongued o r a t o r " s p e a k i n g o n " O r a t o r s a n d O r a t o r y " ; 138 a n d R e v. F a t h e r C o o n e y d e s c r i b i n g h i s w a r e x p e r i e n c e s . 1 3 9 D u r i n g t h e summer b e f o r e t h e 1 8 9 1 - 9 2 s e a s o n , t h e Republican r e v i e w e r complained t h a t p r e v i o u s courses a l l h a d a s o r t o f "sameness." H e suggested t h a t "something o f t h e s c i e n t i f i c o r d e r should be interspersed t h a t i n s t r u c t i o n a s w e l l a s amusement."14o The r e s u l t o f quest was a n " i l l u s t r a t e d s c i e n t i f i c l e c t u r e " b y B. D e m o t t e e n t i t l e d , " O l d O c e a n , O u r S l a v e a n d M a s t e r . 1 4 1 " The R e d p a t h a n d S l a y t o n L e c t u r e B u r e a u , i n b e h a l f o f t h e Y. M . C . A . , a l s o e n g a g e d H o n . G e o r g e R . W e n d l i n g whose " S a u l o f Ta r s u s " " h e l d t h e a u d i e n c e a l m o s t s p e l l b o u n d f o r a n h o u r a n d a half."142 R e v. T h o m a s D i x o n , J r . s p o k e o n " B a c k b o n e , " 1 4 3 w h i l e N y e a n d B u r b a n k , K i n g s o f P a t h o s a n d Humor d e l i g h t e d a SRO a u d i e n c e w i t h t h e i r i m p e r s o n a t i o n s . 1 4 4 1 3 7 C o u r i e r, 1 8 O c t . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 . 1 3 8 0 0 u r i e r, 1 4 F e b . 1 8 9 1 , p . 1 . 139Republican, 3 1 M a r. 1 8 9 1 . 140Re p u b l i c a n , 3 1 J u l y 1 8 9 1 . 141 C o u r i e r, 5 M a r. , 1892, p . 1 . 1 4 2 C o u r i e r, 21 N o v . 1 8 9 1 , p . 8 . 143 C o u r i e r, 5 Dec. 1891, p . 8 . 14 C o u r i e r , 16 J a n . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . The m o s t p o p u l a r �87 l e c t u r e r o f t h e s e a s o n was R o b e r t G . I n g e r s o l l who came u n d e r the a u s p i c e s o f t h e Bon Ami C l u b . 1 4 5 A special t r a i n from Hillsdale brought the people o f that town to hear his less o r a t o r y and b r i l l i a n t word-painting" a s he spoke o n "Abraham L i n c o l n . " 1 4 6 The f i n a l l e c t u r e course during the featured a r e t u r n performance b y Russell H. Conwell, t h i s t i m e speaking o n " T h e S i l v e r Crown o r Born a K i n g . " 1 4 7 Theatre patrons a l s o had an opportunity t o " Tr a v e l i n E q u a t o r i a l Africa" w i t h Paul B. DuChailler,148 go "Around t h e World i n a Man-o-War" w i t h R o b e r t s H a r p e r, 1 4 9 a n d "Up t h e R h i n e a n d o v e r the A l p s w i t h a Knapsack" w i t h Henry C . D a n e . 1 5 0 A t the c l o s e o f t h i s s e a s o n , t h e Y. M . C . A . i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e y n o longer could a f f o r d t o support a l e c t u r e series.151 T h e l o c a l peoples' demand f o r t h e b e s t speakers and l o w p r i c e s made i t i m p o s s i b l e f o r t h e Y . M . C . A . t o r e a l i z e a n y p r o f i t . Minstrels T h e A l G. Fields Minstrels returned t o Coldwater on t h r e e o c c a s i o n s . T h e Courier explained the companies' 1 4 5 C o u r i e r, 2 7 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8. 1 4 6 C o u r i e r, 2 7 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8. 1 4 7 C o u r i e r, 1 7 D e c . 1 8 9 2 , p . 1. 1 4 8 C o u r i e r, 1 7 D e c . 1 8 9 2 , p . 1. 1 4 9 C o u r i e r, 2 8 J a n . 1 8 9 3 , p . 1. 1 5 0 C o u r i e r, 1 1 M a r . 1 8 9 3 , p . 1. 1 5 1 C o u r i e r, 2 S e p t . 1 8 9 3 , p . 4. �p o p u l a r i t y. i t . . . M i n s t r e l s y has followed a beaten path f o r a number o f years, and, w h i l s t i t i s the most popular o f a l l A m e r i c a n amusements, t h e p e o p l e demand some c h a n g e s . G. F i e l d a n d C o m p a n i e s ' m i n s t r e l s the p o p u l a r c h o r d . . . . instead of . . half A l seem t o have s t r u c k circle and elevation, i n t r o d u c i n g t h e bones and tambourine men t h e F i e l d ' s m i n s t r e l s begin t h e i r entertainment w i t h a m i l i t a r y pageant. • • • ,,152 The F i e l d s h o w a l s o i n c l u d e d B i k e a c t s , j u g g l i n g a n d s p l i t t i n g " humor. B a r l o w B r o t h e r s S p e c t a c u l a r M i n s t r e l s were t h e o n l y o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n t o a p p e a r more t h a n once during the Henning years. O n t h e i r second appearance i n 1892 t h e C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t t h e y " . the s p e c i a l t i e s . . f a i r show, o f A r c h i e Royer, t h e h i g h k i c k e r, a n d F e r r y, the f r o g man, b e i n g t h e f e a t u r e s . A s i d e formance c a l l s gave a from these f o r no special mention."153 Eight o t h e r m i n s t r e l companies appeared on b i t s s t a g e between 1885 and 1894. N o t a b l e among t h e s e were McNish, Ramza a n d A r n o ' s R e f i n e d M i n s t r e l s w h i c h "baseball statue clog,"154 and Gorton's Minstrels tured club-swinging and cornet playing. ence f o r t h e Gortons was s m a l l i n April 152Courier, 2 4 A u g . 1 8 8 9 , p . 153Courier, 5 M a r. 1 8 9 2 , p . 8. 8. 154Courier, 1 3 O c t . 1 8 8 8 , p . 155 Courier, 21 A p r i l 1894, p . 1. 8. 155 When t h e o f 1894, �MM. 89 l i c a n concluded t h a t " t h e s m a l l attendance demonstrates t h a t t h e p o p u l a r i t y o f m i n s t r e l shows i s o n t h e w a n e . " 1 5 6 The T i b b i t s a l s o h o u s e d t w o f e m a l e ances d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g y e a r s . M a u d e R e v i l l e ' s B r i t i s h Blondes, who a p p e a r e d i n 1 8 8 6 , e x c i t e d l i t t l e comment. I n 1889, D u n c a n C l a r k ' s L a d y M i n s t r e l s a n d New A r a b i a n N i g h t s shocked t h e C o l d w a t e r c i t i z e n s w h o p r i o r t o t h i s d e m o n s t r a t e d an u n u s u a l l y l i b e r a l o u t l o o k . T h e R e p u b l i c a n r e p o r t e d t h a t ". . . Seated upon t h e s t a g e were e i g h t dressed. . . females, s c a n t i l y T h e r e was n o t h i n g , s a v e perhaps a h i g h l a n d f l i n g , t h a t m e r i t e d a n y commendation. T h e s i n g i n g the m a r c h i n g b y t h e a m a z o n s h o r r i b l y e x e c u t e d , a ter than a f l o c k o f sheep. . . . I t i s hoped t h i s be s p a r e d t h e i n f l i c t i o n o f a n o t h e r l i k e Courier r e v i e w e r l a b e l e d t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t " t h e v i l e s t show t h a t e v e r appeared i n C o l d w a t e r. " H e c o n t i n u e d t h a t t h e r e was n o t o n e p e r s o n i n t h e c o m p a n y who c o u l d a c t , s i n g , d a n c e , o r p l a y a n i n s t r u m e n t . C a l l i n g t h e women " c o a r s e b r a z e n t h i n g s , " h e concluded t h a t t h e whole c h a r a c t e r o f t h e show was " b a d , d e c i d e d l y b a d . " 1 5 8 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e V a r i e t y and i56_e R publican, 2 0 A p r i l 1894. 157Repub1ican, 1 5 N o v. 1 8 8 9 . 1 5 8 C o r i e r , 1 6 N o v. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 . �90 ments s t i l l d i d n o t a t t r a c t a l a r g e a u d i e n c e i n C o l d w a t e r . Six companies a p p e a r e d o v e r t h e n i n e y e a r p e r i o d a n d none o f them e x c i t e d much p r e s s c o m m e n t . T h e I d a S i d d o n s B u r l e s q u e and S p e c i a l t y C o m p a n y ' s s h o w w h i c h a p p e a r e d a t t h e T i b b i t s in 1886 consisted mostly o f spectacle and g i r l s . T h e s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s w e r e a d r i l l b y e i g h t l a d y drum m a j o r s , t i c dance, a n d " D a r l i n e , t h e N a i a d Queen."159 The b e r g F a m i l y Museum Company f e a t u r e d m u s i c a l n o v e l t i e s , b e l l ringing, character sketches, i l l u s i o n s , cornet solos t a t i o n s o f S p a n i s h b u g l e c a l l s a n d m i l i t a r y commands b y t h e parrot "Pedro."160 Miscellaneous T h e dance f l o o r was u t i l i z e d through 1 8 9 2 . A dance was h e l d i n 1885161 a n d a n o t h e r dance and a g r a n d m a s q u e r a d e i n 1 8 8 6 . 162 I n 1 8 8 8 a n o r c h e s t r a was imported f r o m Kalamazoo f o r a L e a p Ye a r B a l l w h i c h fectly carried out, from the very fine orchestra to q u i s i t e b a l l programs, a n d genelemen's boutonniers ordered from D e t r o i t . " 1 6 3 I n 1892 a n o t h e r Leap Ye a r B a l l was housed in t h e Ti b b i t s . 1 6 4 159 E2221211a2a, 5 F e b . 1 8 8 6 . 1 6 0 C o u r i e r, 3 S e p t . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . 16 162 Republican, 11 Aug. 1 8 8 5 . Republican, 5 J a n . 1 8 8 6 ; a n d 2 6 June 1 8 8 6 . 16 3 C o u r i e r, 4 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5 . 164 - - C o u r i e r, 2 0 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . , �91 The O p e r a H o u s e c o n t i n u e d t o s e r v e f o r important p o l i t i c a l meetings. I n a l l t h e more 1885, Governor Alger and one R o b e r t F r a z e r " d i s c u s s e d t h e p o l i t i c a l q u e s t i o n s o f t h e d a y. " T h e Courier reported t h a t F r a z e r "poured hot shot into t h e Democratic ranks."165 In October o f 1888 flow crowd gathered t o h e a r Miss Anna E . Dickenson the R e p u b l i c a n c a u s e . T h i s m e e t i n g a l s o f e a t u r e d ing o f t h e Republican Glee Club and a solo b y a Miss Bertha Lincoln.166 That same y e a r , M r s . A d e l l H a z l e t t a l s o d i s c u s s e d "politics from a Republican stand point" and gave "one o f the most l o g i c a l , c o n c l u s i v e a n d a t t h e same t i m e humorous s p e e c h e s of the campaign."167 a speech.168 On O c t o b e r 2 8 , 1 8 9 0 G o v e r n o r L u c e g a v e The f o l l o w i n g d a y , t w o o r a t o r s e x p l a i n e d t h e McKinley B i l l . 1 6 9 I n 1 8 9 2 t h e Opera House was t h e s i t e o f a Republican r a l l y which featured s i x bands, f i r e w o r k s , a n d Courier wrote t h a t i t was t o t h e speakers' c r e d i t t h a t t h e house w a s p a c k e d a s c l o s e l y a t t h e c l o s e o f t h e m e e t i n g a s a t i t s commencement.170 1 6 5 C o u r i e r, 2 3 O c t . 1 8 8 5 , p . 5. 166Courier, 6 O c t . 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 1 6 7 C o u r i e r, 3 N o v. 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 168Republican, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 0 . 169 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 0 . 1 7 0 C o u r i e r, 5 N o v. 1 8 9 2 , p. 8. �92 Wrestling gained i n popularity with a t l e a s t nine matches h e l d d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g y e a r s . T h e Tibbits also featured a c t s b y P r o f . Casey and h i s "wonderful dogs,"171 Prof. Crocker's horses,172 and Prof. B r i s t o l ' s "educated horses and mules."173 I n 1 8 9 3 , t h e Maccabees h e l d a b e n e f i t performance w h i c h i n c l u d e d a midway on t h e Opera House stage a n d camel r i d e s ! 1 7 4 Two a r t e x h i b i t s w e r e h o u s e d i n t h e T i b b i t s d u r i n g the H e n n i n g y e a r s . T h e first, f o r the benefit featured a c t u a l photographs o f war scenes.175 o f In 1889 an a r t exhibit included paintings by Brisco i n an exposition e n t i t l e d "The B a t t l e o f G e t t y s b u r g . " 1 7 6 was a n a n n u a l e v e n t . The h i g h s c h o o l commencement T h e Opera House was a l s o t h e s i t e reunion and centennial exercises.177 of In 1886, t h e sociation and S a n i t a r y Conventions were h e l d a t t h e T i b b i t s . 1 7 8 I n A p r i l o f 1 8 9 0 a t w o - d a y r e c e p t i o n was h e l d f o r Bishop F o l e y, 171 172 17 174 175 Republican, 2 5 Aug. 1885. Republican, 8 Jan. 1886. Republican, 1 0 June 1890. Courier, 2 3 Dec. 1 8 9 3 , p . Republican, 2 6 Mar. 1886. 1 7 6 C o u r i e r, 2 7 A p r i l 1 8 8 9 , p . 177 178 1. 8. Republican, 1 2 Aug. 1887; and Courier, 4 May 1889, p . Courier, 2 9 May 1886; a n d Republican, 1 6 J u l y 1886. 1. �9 a guest o f t h e l o c a l Catholic church.179 Some u n u s u a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s i n c l u d e d a m a r i o n e t t e 180 show b y t h e W i l b u r a n d R o s e E n t e r t a i n m e n t reading b y Miss Lena Loeb " t h e e l e c t r i c g i r l , " 1 8 1 a n d a benefit performance t o h e l p a stranded t u m b l e r s e c u r e h i s f a r e t o New Yo r k C i t y . 182 Amateur P r o d u c t i o n s Amateur p r o d u c t i o n s a t t h e O p e r a House r e f l e c t e d current t r e n d s i n t h e professional performances. T h e r e was an i n c r e a s e i n l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a - - p a r t i c u l a r l y o p e r a s a n d operettas. I n 1885 l o c a l t a l e n t produced t h e o p e r e t t a Golden H a i r a n d t h e T h r e e B e a r s f o r a r e a c h i l d r e n . 183 T h e f o l l o w i n g s e a s o n home t a l e n t p r o d u c e d t h e B o h e m i a n G i r l and Among t h e B r e a k e r s . 1 8 4 According t o t h e R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r t h e Bohemian G i r l was " w e l l p a t r o n i z e d a n d versal satisfaction."185 There was n o f u r t h e r m e n t i o n o f Among t h e B r e a k e r s . 179Republican, 2 5 A p r i l 1 8 9 0 . 180 C o u r i e r, 2 4 D e c . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . 181Republican, 1 8 A p r i l 1 8 9 0 . 182Repub1ican, 3 0 J u l y 1 8 8 6 . 183Republican, 1 7 N o v. 1 8 8 5 . 184 Republican, 8 June 1886; a n d C o u r i e r, 1 6 O c t . 1 8 8 6 . 185Republican, 1 8 June 1 8 8 6 . �9 I n 1887 t h e amateurs produced E . H . R u s s e l l ' s The Union S p y o r t h e B a t t l e o f S h i l o h . T h e R e p u b l i c a n n o t e d t h a t "the p i e c e was b r o u g h t o u t i n f i n e s h a p e " many o f t h e p e r f o r m e r s h a d n e v e r b e e n o n s t a g e b e f o r e . 1 8 6 Later t h a t season, l o c a l t a l e n t presented H.M.S. Pinafore.187 Like o t h e r amateur performances t h i s was w e l l a t t e n d e d . I n fact, t h e Courier noted t h a t every seat i n the parquet and parquet c i r c l e w a s t a k e n t h e same d a y t h a t t h e b o x o f f i c e was o p e n e d . 1 8 8 I n March o f 1 8 8 8 a n o p e r e t t a e n t i t l e d The N a i a d Queen was t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e s e a s o n . T h e o p e r e t t a u t i l i z e d o v e r 200 c h i l d r e n a n d a n u m b e r o f l o c a l a d u l t s i n a " w o n d e r o u s p a g e a n t . " T h e R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r was e n t h u s i a s t i c ; " a l l amateur p r o d u c t i o n s p a l e b e f o r e t h e s p l e n d o r s o f t h i s f a i r y pageant," h e exclaimed. I n t h e c l o s i n g scene "The e n t i r e capacious s t a g e o f t h e O p e r a House i s t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o a g l i t t e r i n g g r o t t o , which f o r elaborateness and splendor has never had a c o u n t e r p a r t h e r e . " " T w o hundred o r more s p r i t e s , f a i r i e s , nymphs, n a i a d s , d r y a d s , a n d o t h e r i m m o r t a l s , " t h e c r i t i c r e p o r t e d , " a r e assembled i n a v a s t a m p h i t h e a t r e a t t h e r e a r o f t h e s t a g e ; i n f r o n t gorgeous t r o p i c a l p l a n t s a r e s e e n , on t o p o f w h i c h b e a u t i f u l nymphs o r n a i a d s a r e s t a n d i n g 186Republican, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 8 7 . 187Republican, 2 2 A p r i l 1 8 8 7 . 1 8 8 C o u r i e r, 3 0 A p r i l 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . �9 clining. . . ."189 I n 1 8 9 0 a p e r f o r m a n c e o f The P o a c h e r ' s Doom was mounted f o r t h e b e n e f i t press described i t o f the Coldwater City as "an excellent performance" i n which "the c h a r a c t e r s were sustained i n a manner t h a t would have done c r e d i t to professionals."190 Later t h a t year amateurs performed i n a p r o d u c t i o n o f Davy Crockett which f e a t u r e d a natural waterfall, r e a l i s t i c snow storm, b a t t l e w i t h wolves and " t h e q u i c k e s t m a r r i a g e o n r e c o r d . " 1 9 1 Amateurs f r o m H i l l s d a l e j o u r n e y e d t o C o l d w a t e r i n 1891 t o present Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience.192 I n January o f 1893 t h e Ladies A u x i l i a r y o f t h e Y. M . C . A . s p o n s o r e d the o p e r e t t a The F l o w e r Queen.193 Dress Rehearsal A formed i n June o f 1894, u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e S t . Marks Church A i d S o c i e t y. 1 9 4 particular . . . l i g h t f u l l y sung. T h i s operetta "was a success i n every n i c e l y staged, b e a u t i f u l l y . . Amateur m u s i c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s , however, w e r e n o t 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 Republican, 3 A p r i l 1888. C o u r i e r, 2 9 Mar. 1 8 9 0 , p . Courier, 1 8 Oct. 1890, 1. P. Republican, 21 May 1891. Courier, 2 8 Jan. 1893, p . C o u r i e r, 5 May 1894, p . Courier, 9 June 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. 8. 1. �96 as p r e v a l e n t d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g y e a r s a s d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. T h e N o s s F a m i l y p r e s e n t e d t h e i r i n s t r u m e n t a l a n d vocal entertainment i n 1888 and again i n 1889. tainment was judged " n o t u p t o t h e h i g h e s t s t y l e o f t h e Classical" but "entertaining.„196 Other l o c a l sented v o c a l c o n c e r t s and t h e Coldwater Amateur M i n s t r e l s and F i t z p a t r i c k a n d J o s l y n ' s M i n s t r e l s p e r f o r m e d s e v e r a l times t o a seemingly s k e p t i c a l audience. T h e Courier noted i n 1 8 8 7 t h a t " t h o s e who w e n t e x p e c t i n g t o s e e a t e r r i b l e bad e n t e r t a i n m e n t w e r e d i s a p p o i n t e d . . . ,"197and i n 1891, the same p a p e r n o t e d t h a t "some o f t h e j o k e s w e r e o r i g i n a l " i n t h e F i t z p a t r i c k a n d J o s l y n M i n s t r e l Show. 198 Many l o c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s m o u n t e d e n t e r t a i n m e n t s t o r a i s e m o n e y. T h e L a d i e s A u x i l i a r y o f t h e Y. M . C . A . p r e s e n t e d "An E v e n i n g o f D i c k e n s " w h i c h w a s j u d g e d " a g r e a t t i s t i c a l l y as w e l l as f i n a n c i a l l y. " 1 9 9 Marks d i d t a b l e a u x f r o m Ben H u r 200 w h i l e The L a d i e s o f S t . t h e Maccabees s t a g e d an e n t e r t a i n m e n t i n 1 8 9 4 w h i c h i n c l u d e d B u f f a l o B i l l a n d h i s cowboys, a n d a n a t t a c k o n a s t a g e c o a c h . 2 0 1 196 197 19 199 200 201 Republican, 1 0 May 1889. Courier, 1 J a n . 1 8 8 7 , p . Courier, 3 1 O c t . 1 8 9 1 , 5. P• 8 . Courier, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5. C o u r i e r, 8 N o v. 1 8 9 0 , P . 1. Courier, 6 J a n . 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. �9 Synopsis During the f i r s t n i n e years o f the T i b b i t s h a d a number o f managers y e t t h e programming changed v e r y exercise l i t t l e . l i t t l e E v i d e n t l y the i n d i v i d u a l managers c o u l d control over either the quality or type o f production because t h e y were f o r c e d t o engage companies e n route between D e t r o i t and Chicago. T h u s , t h e managers o f big c i t y theatres determined the types o f l e g i t i m a t e drama available. S i n c e most companies a v a i l a b l e were composed largely of r e l a t i v e l y unknown i n d i v i d u a l s world, t h e quality i n the the theatrical o f a production could not be determined i n advance. O f t e n companies were engaged on t h e b a s i s one o r t w o f a v o r a b l e p r e s s r e v i e w s i n other cities. o f A l s o , many c o m p a n i e s b r o k e t h e i r c o n t r a c t s f r e e l y w h e n t u n i t y o f a n engagement i n a larger c i t y appeared. Some c h a n g e s i n t h e d r a m a t i c t a s t e s of the public are e v i d e n t d u r i n g t h e Henning years. M i n s t r e l shows l o s t p o p u l a r i t y while v a r i e t y and vaudeville gained tance, a l t h o u g h cepted u n t i l i n Coldwater, v a u d e v i l l e was n o t t h e J a c k s o n management. Y e t , i n the early 90's the c o m p l e x i o n o f comedy had a l t e r e d t o s u c h a n e x t e n t t h a t many c o m e d i e s w e r e l i t t l e m o r e t h a n v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . The t h e a t r e r e m a i n e d i n a p r e c a r i o u s t i o n throughout most o f Henning's t e n u r e . A g a i n , however, the m u l t i p l i c i t y o f function o f the Ti b b i t s saved �9 i n g H e n n i n g ' s management t h e t h e a t r e c o n t i n u e d t o h o u s e a l l the e v e n t s d e s c r i b e d i n C h a p t e r I I . manager b r o u g h t i n I n a d d i t i o n , t h e German a r t exhibits, conventions, a marionette show a n d e v e n a c i r c u s s i d e s h o w . T h e p r o p o s e d c o n v e r s i o n of t h e Opera House f o r i n d u s t r i a l uses i n 1889 meant t h e loss o f the town's major public h a l l , c u l t u r a l c e n t e r, a n d sports a r e n a . A l t h o u g h Henning faced f i n a n c i a l in the 9 0 ' s , he held on to the Tibbits r a t h e r than see i t lost t o Coldwater. T h u s , Henning's determination k e p t t h e Opera House i n o p e r a t i o n a n d p a v e d t h e w a y f o r t h e J a c k s o n management w h i c h f o r t h e f i r s t at a p r o f i t . t i m e succeeded �Chapter I V JOHN T . J A C K S O N Y E A R S , J U L Y 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 0 4 T h e a t r e a n d management John J a c k s o n t o o k o v e r t h e management o f in the spring ning. I n the Tibbits o f 1894, soon a f t e r his marriage t o a n i n t e r v i e w, Josephine Henning Beyer, ning's younger daughter, described h e r b r o t h e r - i n agement o f t h e Opera House a s " s u p e r b . " " U n d e r the superb management o f J o h n T . J a c k s o n , " s h e s a i d , " C o l d w a t e r r e c e i v e d the j o y o f witnessing the v e r y best o f dramas, operas, bands and o r c h e s t r a s , a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r amusements i n theatre."1 Jackson managed t h e t h e a t r e for the next ten years. T h e n f o r a t h e n modern his father-in-law on July 14, 1904, ning transferred the theatre t o h i s daughter Huldah,2 and Jackson and she were a c t i v e l y engaged i n i t s management u n t i l 1920 when t h e t h e a t r e was s o l d t o Dennis Va n e s . 3 account, however w i l l T h i s o n l y f o l l o w t h e J a c k s o n management Josephine H e n n i n g B e y e r, " F o r m e r Owner R e c a l l s Some Fond M e m o r i e s . . . N e v e r M i s s e d a P l a y When B u s i n e s s i n I t s P r i m e . " C o l d w a t e r D a i l y R e p o r t e r, 1 4 N o v. 1 9 5 9 , p . 1 . 2Coldwater R e g i s t e r o f Deeds. 1 "Coldwater R e g i s t e r o f Deeds. 9 �"""11111 100 through 1904 when Henning s o l d t h e T i b b i t s . Jackson was t h e Tibbits. B o t h f i r s t " t h e a t r i c a l man" t o Bart Ti b b i t s and Henning had dabbled a t r e a s a n a d j u n c t t o o t h e r careers b u t Jackson was t h e first t o devote h i m s e l f completely t o t h e Opera knowledge o f the administrative aspects o f theatre he gained while p r e v i o u s l y managing a number o f road companies gave h i m the b u s i n e s s acumen t o make a f i n a n c i a l s u c c e s s o f town t h e a t r e a t a t i m e when many o t h e r Opera Houses, f e e l i n g the i n c r e a s i n g p r e s s u r e o f t h e T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e , w e r e closing their doors. In 1895, t h e Republican r e p o r t e d t h a t Jackson was going t o New Yo r k t o b o o k " a c l a s s o f attractions ther season which he promises w i l l be second t o none o t h e r seen i n a n y o n e - n i g h t - s t a n d t h e a t r e i n sonal acquaintance and experience i n ent o r stationary the state, the business f o r the l a s t twelve years w i l l enable h i m t o d o . " 4 doubtless Appreciating the power and scope o f the T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e , h e made e v e r y a t t e m p t t o dicate shows and d u r i n g the 1896-97 season the T i b b i t s booked several Frohman productions which stopped o f f w h i l e e n r o u t e from t h e Empire T h e a t r e i n Detroit t o Chicago theatres. B y 4The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n , 1 4 M a y 1 8 9 5 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened lican. footnote �101 the f a l l o f 1897, however, t h e Syndicate stopped b o o k i n g a t the T i b b i t s , a p p a r e n t l y c o n c l u d i n g t i n t t h i s one-night-stand was n o t p r o f i t a b l e , a l t h o u g h a s l a t e a s 1 9 0 0 O t i s Syndicate a c t o r, stopped o f f at the Tibbits. House c o u l d n o t command t h e t y p e W h i l e t h e Opera o f audiences t o become a Syndicate House, b y "guaranteeing performances,"5 Jackson evidently persuaded the T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate o c c a s i o n a l l y t o book a p r o d u c t i o n . T h e m a j o r i t y o f shows a f t e r 1897 came t o the T i b b i t s f r o m t h e D e t r o i t Lyceum T h e a t r e , a n o n - S y n d i c a t e house. Jackson made a number o f changes w h i c h s t r e a m l i n e d the management o f t h e Opera House. I n 1894 t h e ported t h a t he invented a t i c k e t r a c k which would show a t glance t h e r o w, s e c t i o n and number o f e v e r y s e a t a i n quet, dress c i r c l e and p r i v a t e boxes. P r e v i o u s l y the p u b l i c was a c c u s t o m e d t o bundles o f tickets " t h e tedious handling over and over o f to find larged the box o ff i c e 7 a n d , t h e right In 1898 t o increase the comfort p u b l i c , e l e c t r i c f a n s were a l s o added i n t h e same y e a r. 8 5Republican, 1 7 Jan. 1896. 6The C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n , 3 0 J u n e 1 8 9 4 , p . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o C o u r i e r. 7The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n , 8 A p r i l 1 8 9 8 , p . 1. Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e r e f e r e n c e s t o t h i s newspaper w i l l b e s h o r t e n e d t o C&R. 8C&R, 2 6 A u g . 1 8 9 8 , p . 5. 1. �102 By 1 8 9 7 - 9 8 , J a c k s o n r e m o v e d t h e o l d g r o o v e s u p o n w h i c h the s c e n e r y r a n . T h e were moved b a c k s i x making t w e l v e f e e t girders which o r i g i n a l l y supported them feet on either side o f o f the stage thus additional wing space. T h e Weekly C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e s e changes w e r e made t o "make t h e stage s u f f i c i e n t l y commodious t o accommodate a n y ery t h a t may be c a r r i e d b y t r a v e l i n g companies."9 e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t was r a i s e d f r o m 56 t o 11 0 v o l t s . In 1904, s h o r t l y atre f i r e a t 1900, 10 the i n Chicago, The C o u r i e r and Republican campaigned t o "correct the der after the I n f a u l t y construction o f the Opera House" i t more safe i n case o f fire. O n January 4 proposed t h a t t h e t h e a t r e management s h o u l d ( 1 ) t a k e t h e a n g l e out o f t h e s t a i r s l e a d i n g t o t h e b a l c o n y, ( 2 ) e n l a r g e t h e vestibule and allow floor, ( 3 ) for additional exits from the lower eliminate the row o f chairs by the and ( 4 ) e l i m i n a t e t h e f r o n t s t o r m d o o r s t h a t b l o c k e d s p e e d y e x i t . 11 F o u r days l a t e r , Mayor Campbell closed t h e Opera House u n t i l J a c k s o n c o u l d o b t a i n a w r i t t e n 9The W e e k l y C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , 1 3 J u n e 1 8 9 6 , p . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o Weekly Courier. 10C&A, 9 M a r . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. t i c & P, 4 Jan. 1904, p . 1. 5. �103 safety from the board o f o n l y made a l l building inspectors.12 Jackson not t h e changes proposed b y the press b u t tion he obtained a s t e e l f i r e curtain tuted a s p r i n k l e r system i n the f l i e s for the stage a n d backstage. February 17 t h e press reported t h a t "manager Jackson had placed a pair o f ingeniously constructed swinging doors i n the new e x i t s at been p l a c e d i n that f i f t y t h e Opera House. . the new hallways." f i r s t House, J a c k s o n f o u n d E l e c t r i c l i g h t s have article also indicated t i m e since the opening of i t necessary to raise the admission t h e more p o p u l a r shows. M a n y companies were n o t willing to stop- o ff the manager s e t prices. T h e . n e w seats had been added i n t h e For t h e price f o r . A s at the Tibbits f o r o n l y one n i g h t u n l e s s t i c k e t r a t e s 25O t o 50O h i g h e r t h a n e a r l y as 1894, t h e press began to complain about the h i g h p r i c e s a t the Tibbits.15 T h e Courier and Republican claimed t h a t Jackson had complete c o n t r o l of ticket prices the O p e r a House and c o n s i s t e n t l y c h a r g e d more f o r than nearby towns d i d . 1 6 replied that In answer t o 2. C&R, 1 8 J a n . 1 9 0 4 , p . 2. 14C&R, 1 7 F e b . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 1 C o u r i e r, 1 0 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 1 . 16CAR, 2 A p r i l 1901, p . 1. at attractions this charge, Jackson f i r s t - c l a s s companies stipulated the 12C&R, 8 J a n . 1 9 0 4 , p . 13 c i t y �10 admission i n their contracts.17 agents r e f u s e d h i s demands f o r He i n d i c a t e d t h a t m a n y a lower price scale on tickets and o f f e r e d t o c a n c e l t h e i r c o n t r a c t s i f he could not meet their terms.18 By 1 9 0 0 T h e C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n f u r t h e r e d tack on Jackson by not carrying Ti b b i t s ads o r providing pre-show p u b l i c i t y and r e v i e w s . F o r t u n a t e l y , t h e Reporter, a comparatively new p a p e r, c o n t i n u e d t o c o v e r t h e Opera House. A year l a t e r, The Courier and Republican's attacks son h a d become a l m o s t a v e n d e t t a , w i t h t h e p a p e r p u b l i s h i n g a r t i c l e s w i t h lead sentences such as "Manager Jackson v i e i n g with the bank clock tricks . . . i n misleading the public" and "At Manager Jackson s t i l l his old t r y i n g to hoodwink According t o The Courier and Republican, lished "misleading articles concerning attractions." per continued t h a t " . . . s o f r e q u e n t l y had Mr. ceived t h e p u b l i c t h a t t h e people do n o t l a r g e l y attend when a company does happen t o b e counts i n a l l right."20 Contemporary t h e R e p o r t e r i n d i c a t e d t h a t m o s t shows were e n j o y i n g good a t t e n d a n c e i n 17 the early 1900's. C&R, 2 4 D e c . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1. 18The C o l d w a t e r R e p o r t e r , 4 F e b . 1 9 0 3 , p . 3. Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l erences t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be 3h0rtened t o R e p o r t e r. 19C&R, 2 9 M a r . 1 9 0 1 , p . 1 ; a n d 20C&R, 2 9 M a r . 1 9 0 1 , p . 1. ' A p r i l 1901, P. 1. �105 By 1 9 0 2 t h e a t t a c k s b e c a m e m o r e v i c i o u s . A February 7 t h a r t i c l e somehow came t o t h e f a n t a s t i c c o n c l u s i o n t h a t was J a c k s o n ' s f a u l t that i t a B a t t l e Creek t h e a t r i c a l manager utilized false advertising.21 On F e b r u a r y 4 , T h e C o u r i e r and R e p u b l i c a n c h i d e d t h e R e p o r t e r f o r d e f e n d i n g J a c k s o n a n d suggested t h a t " o n e would h a r d l y expect t h a t gan w o u l d s e l l i t s influence i n a rich support o f such cause."22 The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n d i d h a v e t o a d m i t g r u d g i n g l y that "Mr. Jackson i s tractions . . . giving Coldwater a better class than ever before. . . ."23 H o w e v e r, ticle on October 30, 1900 indicates t h a t the basis dramatic c r i t i c i s m had changed. T h e revelation i n local reviewer wrote about "a t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f f a r c e comedy" i n "Hoyt h a p p i l y conceived t h e i d e a f o r which of sketching a plot, a mere framework embracing t h e cream o f v a u d e v i l l e a n d b u r l e s q u e a r t i s t s , and presenting them i n f i r s t class educated t h e p u b l i c and e l e v a t e d t h e s t a n d a r d o f so i t a t present occupies a high place • • • • n24 I n i n the public mind 1904 t h e Reporter wrote: " P e o p l e go t o theatre t o be entertained. Gloomy plays, except 21C&R, 22 23 7 Feb. 1902, p. 5. C&R, 4 Feb. 1902, p. 1. C&R, 31 24C&R, f a r c e comedy Jan. 1902, p. 5. 30 O c t . 1900, p. 1. i n the �10 stances, a r e n o t f a v o r a b l y received. A u d i e n c e s , e s p e c i a l l y women a u d i e n c e s , l i k e t o have t h e i r feelings wrought upon t o a c e r t a i n extent; t h e y even enjoy an opportunity t o shed a few t e a r s . B u t they also l i k e t o have the tears followed by l a u g h t e r, t h e y want t h e s u n t o come o u t between t h e c l o u d s . " 2 5 Thus, t h e R e p u b l i c a n ' s r e v i e w e r, who w r o t e t h e t o r i a l o n " q u a l i t y drama" f o l l o w i n g t h e T i b b i t s ' i n a u g u r a l performance i n 1885 may have r e f e r r e d t o many o f I 9 0 0 ' s "good c l a s s o f attractions" as " f l u f f " a n d Legitimate drama L e g i t i m a t e drama f o l l o w e d t h e c o u r s e mapped o u t mer y e a r s . M e l o d r a m a s , p a s t o r a l p l a y s , f a r c e a n d sations continued t o dominate. C h a r l e s Hoyt and Clyde F i t c h were t h e m o s t p o p u l a r p l a y w r i g h t s . T h e press vendetta against Jackson and t h e C o u r i e r and R e p u b l i c a n ' s subsequent r e f u s a l p r i n t m o s t t h e a t r e s t o r i e s make i t period. T h e d i ff i c u l t to t o R e p o r t e r r a n a d s i n d i c a t i n g names a n d d a t e s o f shows, h o w e v e r , t h e a t r i c a l r e v i e w i n g was u n e v e n . reviews began "People s a y . . . " so i t O f t e n the c a n be assumed t h a t the r e v i e w e r d i d n ' t e v e n a t t e n d t h e p r o d u c t i o n . H o w e v e r , t h e Reporter d i d c o v e r t h e shows t h e y considered noteworthy so this discussion w i l l u t i l i z e those reviews. 25Reporter, 3 1 O c t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 2. �107 Combination Plays F r o m Fall o f 1894 through t h e 1895-96 season a number o f Frohman shows a p p e a r e d a t t h e T i b b i t s . The C h a r i t y B a l l a p p e a r e d i n N o v e m b e r o f 1 8 9 4 . Clay Clement s t a r r e d one."26 I n J a n u a r y, i n The New Dominion and " d i s a p p o i n t e d no Later t h a t season l o c a l theatre-goers saw mans' C h a r l e y ' s A u n t a n d T h e G i r l I L e f t Behind Me. lowing season, Gustave Frohman's Sowing t h e Wind was " f i n e l y put o n t h e stage b y and t h o s e f i n e a l l the accessories attention to details Frohman's a t t r a c t i o n s . " 2 7 o f the manager's a r t that Later t h a t y e a r Daniel Frohman brought Our F l a t s and Gustave returned w i t h DeMille co's The Wife. A c c o r d i n g attended and a " p l a y t o t h e C o u r i e r, The Wife was w e l l of merit."28 Farce a n d s c e n i c a t t r a c t i o n s c o n t i n u e d t o ences i n the 1894-95 and 1895-96 seasons. tured a locomotive and t r a i n passed o v e r t h e s t a g e " a t S i o f cars 150 feet long which l i g h t e n i n g speed."29 utilized twenty-eight sets The F a s t M a i l o f calcium light cylinders i n the Niagara F a l l s scene.30 The f a r c e p r o d u c t i o n s u s e d a v e r y l o o s e l y c o n s t r u c t e d 26Republican, 11 J a n . 1895. 27Weekly C o u r i e r , 5 Oct. 1895, p . S. 28Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , p . 5. 29Republican, 2 Oct. 1894. 30Week1y C o u r i e r , 4 A p r i l 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 �108 plot as an excuse t o introduce comic s p e c i a l t i e s . T h e Crook f e a t u r e d s p e c i a l t i e s and l i v i n g p i c t u r e s . 3 1 Black Edgwood Folks included a " b u t t e r f l y dance" b y Annie The Garrick Burlesque Companies' a d a p t a t i o n o f DuMaurier's T r i l b y was i n t e r e s t i n g s c e n i c a l l y " b u t a s t h e l a s t s c e n e s e e m e d t o be e n t i r e l y c u t , w e c a n n o t s a y w h a t a t t r a c t i o n s t h e N e w Y o r k Club house m i g h t have p r e s e n t e d . " 3 3 A number o f o t h e r scenic sensation-farces such as The Dazzler, The H u s t l e r, and Miss H a r u m S c a r -urn r e c e i v e d n o m e n t i o n i n t h e p r e s s . I t ' s clear, h o w e v e r, t h a t J a c k s o n was w i l l i n g to go t o great lengths t o accommodate t h e s c e n i c p l a y s . 1896, he erected an e n t i r e I n second s t o r y t e n f e e t a b o v e t h e s t a g e t o accommodate t h e hotel scene i n A Bunch o f Keys.34 I r i s h d r a m a s c o n t i n u e d t o command a u d i e n c e s . T i m . the T i n k e r w i t h John E. Brennan, O ' H o o l i g a n ' s Masquerade, a n d K i l l a r n y and t h e Rhine played between 1894 and 96. T h e town guaranteed a performance o f The Merchant o f Venice b y f o r d S p e n c e r O ' B r i e n C o m p a n y. T h e C o m p a n y w a s b i l l e d a s " t h e o r i g i n a l s u p p o r t i n g company o f Edwin B o o t h and ret."35 T h e Republican wrote t h a t "Mind, heart and eyes are 31Re_pub1ican, 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 5 . 32Republican, 2 5 Jan. 1695. 3 3Weekly C o u r i e r, 2 3 N o v. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 34 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1. 35We‘,k1y C o u r i e r , 1 4 M a r . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1. �109 claimed b y t h e s t a g e p r o d u c t i o n o f The Merchant o f The W e e k l y C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t Venice."36 a capacity audience viewed r i c h and b e a u t i f u l costumes and a w e l l -staged piece.37 There were f e w changes i n the 1896-99 seasons. T h e Limited M a i l was f o l l o w e d a month l a t e r b y The F a s t M a i l w i t h the r e v i e w e r remarking t h a t i f the " M a i l had tracked, o r met w i t h a head end o r r e a r end c o l l i s i o n before i t reached Coldwater, a Coldwater audience would have been spared two h o u r s o f d r e a r y d r i b b l e . . . ."38 Other dramas i n c l u d e d I n O l d K e n t u c k y, E d i t h a ' s B u r g l a r , H o w H o p p e r Was S i d e T r a c k e d a n d O n t h e W a b a s h . I n a r e v i e w o f On t h e Wa b a s h t h e C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n c r i t i c i z e d matic a c t i n g s t y l e . " S i n c e r i t y E a r l y h a s t h e common f a u l t t h a t seems t o o v e r t a k e s o many who a p p e a r b e f o r e lights, and that i s o f t a l k i n g unnaturally, s t a g y and f a s t , so s h e c o u l d n o t b e u n d e r s t o o d . W h e n s u c h p l a y e r s l e a r n t o 'hold the m i r r o r up t o nature' and appear natural w i l l be f a r more acceptable t o . . they t h e i r audience."39 The r e v i e w o f A t t h e F r e n c h B a l l s u m m a r i z e d peal o f t h e huge number o f farces t h a t appeared on t h e stage in 1896-99. . . . The play i s one o f those k i n d 36Republican, 2 0 Mar. 1896. 37Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 8 M a r. 1 8 9 6 , p . 38Weekly C o u r i e r , 5 F e b . 1 8 9 7 , p . 3 9 CAR, 2 8 O c t . 1 8 9 8 , p . 5. J. 1. of creations �11 0 that one enjoys when he has had a good dinner and has n o t h i n g else t o do b u t sible."4o t o gaze and laugh, and f e e l as Frenchy Most o f t h e comedies came f r o m t h e Lyceum T h e a t r e i n D e t r o i t and f e a t u r e d "unknown" a c t o r s . T h e men f e a t u r e d P a u l C a z e n e u v e , a y o u n g r o m a n t i c a c t o r , w h i l e The N a n c y H a n k s f e a t u r e d o n e M a r i e J a n s e n . A n Enemy t o t h e King s t a r r e d John G r i f f i t h w h o was supposedly a E. H . S o t h e r n . 4 1 Prices were l o w f o r most o f ances s o t h e y d r e w good a u d i e n c e s . I n 1897 t h e chants sponsored A Sure T h i n g and gave f r e e tickets f o r the entertainment. S t e r e o p t i c a n slides advertising the l o c a l stores entertained the audience during act breaks.42 The m o r e r e a l i s t i c p l a y s b y H e r n e , G i l l e t t e dou w e r e a l s o w e l l a t t e n d e d . G i l l e t t e ' s H e l d b y t h e Enemy gave " m e a s u r a b l e s a t i s f a c t i o n " a l t h o u g h t h e w a i t s b e t w e e n acts were "tedious."43 T h e cast o f S a r d o u ' s Madame S a n s G e n e was s t r o n g w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f o n e a c t o r a n d " t h e c o s t u m e s were m a g n i f i c e n t a n d t r u e t o t h e p e r i o d o f t h e t i m e s , staging was p e r f e c t i n a l l i t s accessories."44 Manager son a l s o b r o u g h t H e r n e s ' S h o r e A c r e s t o t h e T i b b i t s . 4oC&R, 7 J a n . 1 8 9 8 , p . 41C&R, 2 0 J a n . 1 8 9 9 , p . 42UR, 1 4 May 1897, p . 43C&R, 2 6 A u g . 1 8 9 8 , p . 8. 1. 8. 5. 44C&R, 1 0 D e c . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1 2 . T h e �111 press wrote t h a t t h e p l a y of farm l i f e ". . . deals with the surroundings a n d t h e home u p o n t h e f a r m , a n d p o r t r a y s t h e scenes s o v i v i d l y a n d n a t u r a l l y t h a t e v e r y b o y whose l i f e f i r s t commenced o n t h e f a r m w i l l remember." describing the scenes as " r e a l i s t i c acting as " t r u e was t e r m e d a to l i f e "political i n and place."45 the extreme" and the H o y t ' s A Te x a s S t e e r satire."46 In 1897, Walker Whitesides appeared as Hamlet. T h e Courier and Republican suggested t h a t Whitesides would be a more a c c e p t a b l e H a m l e t the p l a y e r s . " W h i l e i f he would f o l l o w h i s own advice t o he gave a splendid r e n d i t i o n 'suiting the action to the word,' his Hamlet i s s t i l l i t of his lines, must be confessed effeminate, and though polished and rounded lacked depth and breadth, and i s wanting i n that idealization that makes Hamlet, H a m l e t . " 4 7 The 1 8 9 9 - 1 9 0 0 s e a s o n a n d t h e 1 9 0 1 - 1 9 0 2 s e a s o n s w e r e outstanding m a i n l y because o f ferings. S i x and 1 9 0 2 . t h e number o f Charles o f Hoyt's musical farces played between 1899 O t h e r farce and vaudeville combinations during this p e r i o d included The F i n i s h India; The Span o f o f Mr. Fresh; My F r i e n d f r o m L i f e , advertised as a gymnastic p l a y and 45C&R, 1 8 F e b . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 2 . 46CkR, 8 D e c . 1 8 9 9 , p . 8. 47c&R, 1 O c t . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1 . �11 2 f e a t u r i n g t h e Donazattas;48 K i n g Dado; B r o w n ' s i n To w n ; a n d The R o y a l B o x w h i c h w a s a n o t h e r " s e n s a t i o n a l c o m e d y o f n o special merit.°49 While r e a l i s m was t h e t r e n d plays w r i t t e n around the t u r n Coldwater. T h e i n most o f the b e t t e r o f t h e c e n t u r y , f e w made i t to press reception o f those which did appear i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e s m a l l t o w n was e a g e r t o a c c e p t t h e new trend. However, plays a t t h e y evidently could not book the newer t h e Opera House a s l o n g as t h e companies were i n demand a t larger theatres. I n 1900 A Poor R e l a t i o n impressed the l o c a l paper because o f its lack sensation. T h e o f dependence o n s c e n i c Courier and Republican wrote "The scenes were quiet, easy, n a t u r a l and n e a r l y h a l f the time there was n o t a word spoken. I t was t h e unspoken words t h a t were suggested to t h e a u d i e n c e b y t h e s i t u a t i o n t h a t made t h e tive. it I t was so t r u e forgets that acting."50 i t i s t o nature t h a t one who i s o n l y a play. T h a t I n 1 9 0 3 M a r y Shaw a p p e a r e d i n the r e v i e w e r i n d i c a t e d a s t r o n g i n t e r e s t play" t h e house was n o t l a r g e . T h e i s the essence o f Ibsen's Ghosts. i n 49C&R, 2 6 M a r . 1 9 0 1 , p . 50C&R, 7 D e c . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. 1. W h i l e this "remarkable Reporter wrote t h a t the play was " r e m a r k a b l e i n gloomy theme, u n u s u a l i n 48Reporter, 2 6 O c t . 1 9 0 1 , p . looking at 5. the small �11 3 number i n t h e c a s t a n d o u t o f t h e o r d i n a r y i n t h e s k i l l acting required and the presentation." H e of continued t h a t "there were b u t f i v e c h a r a c t e r s i n the p l a y and not change o f c o s t u m e o r s c e n e r y . S u c c e s s d e p e n d s a l o n e u p o n clever and capable a c t i n g and t h e s t r o n g i n t e r e s t aroused i n the t h e m e . " 5 1 In 1904 Charles Hanford and Marie Dorfnak appeared i n Ta m i n g o f t h e S h r e w . T h e Reporter labeled Miss Dorfnak " a fine Katherine" and s a i d t h a t " t h i s i s t h e shrew peare d r e w. " 5 2 Later that year Harrison J . Wolfe appeared i n Hamlet. C a l l i n g Wolfe's Hamlet " s u r p r i s i n g l y good" viewer continued t h a t he was a " g r a c e f u l " a c t o r strated "mental and a t h l e t i c vigor."53 The n u m b e r o f c o m e d i e s w h i c h i n c l u d e d creased. I n fact, i t was growing d i f f i c u l t t o between p u r e comedy and v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . M a n y of the shows i n t r o d u c e d v a u d e v i l l e a c t s b e t w e e n s c e n e s a n d b e f o r e and a f t e r t h e s h o w . T h e Liberty Pelles featured "the Pink Pajama G i r l " w h i l e J u s t S t r u c k To w n a d v e r t i s e d a s i d e s h o w . 5 5 Tw e n t y - f i v e s i n g i n g and d a n c i n g g i r l s w e r e i n c l u d e d 5 1 R e p o r t e r, 3 D e c . 1 9 0 3 , p . 2. 5 2 R e p o r t e r, 2 4 May 1 9 0 4 , p . 5 3 R e p o r t e r, 2 5 N o v. 1 9 0 4 , p . 2. 5 4 R e p o r t e r, 2 9 J a n . 1 9 0 3 , p . 3. 5 5 R e p o r t e r, 6 M a r. 1 9 0 1 , p . 3. �11 Head W a i t e r s C o m p a n y. 5 6 The T i b b i t s a l s o c o n t i n u e d t o f e a t u r e m e l o d r a m a s a n d pastoral plays. N o t a b l e among these was The t e r which was " A b e a u t i f u l s t o r y of the present i n g L o v e , P a t h o s , H a t e a n d P a s s i o n , " 5 7 a n d Was S h e t o B l a m e with "a laugh a n d a t e a r blending i n sweet melody forming a radium o f that i s a l l sublime."58 Of t h e 3 7 6 p l a y s p r e s e n t e d i n the decade 1904, m e l o d r a m a s , p a s t o r a l p l a y s , f a r c e a n d s c e n i c s e n s a t i o n s continued t o draw the greatest audiences. Newspaper reviews r e v e a l e d some a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r the new r e a l i s t i c drama, b u t few r e a l i s t i c p l a y s appeared o n t h e T i b b i t s v i l l e and farce had grown so s i m i l a r t h a t one could o f t e n not d i s t i n g u i s h between t h e two. Repertory Companies T h i r t y - o n e repertory peared a t t h e T i b b i t s between 1894 a n d 1904. M o s t stayed f o r a week and p l a y e d a combination o f f a r c e comedies and old-time favorites. Some also played the I r i s h mas w h i c h a l w a y s d r e w l a r g e a u d i e n c e s i n C o l d w a t e r . M a n y repertory companies began t o acts o r as p a r t o f o f f e r vaudeville e i t h e r between the entertainment. I n 1898 t h e s t o c k company w h i c h o c c u p i e d t h e Opera 56Reporter, 2 3 S e p t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 57Reporter, 2 8 O c t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 58Reporter, 2 8 O c t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. �11 5 House d u r i n g t h e l o c a l m e r c h a n t s ' S t r e e t F a i r w a s b i l l e d a s "capable o f g i v i n g h i g h c l a s s comedy o r drama, o r continuous v a u d e v i l l e , a s t h e o c c a s i o n may demand." T h e company a l s o gave o p e n a i r c o n c e r t s f r o m t h e t h e a t r e b a l c o n y . 5 9 d e r s o n T h e a t r e C o m p a n y, w h i c h a p p e a r e d a y e a r l a t e r , featured seven s c e n i c p l a y s w i t h v a u d e v i l l e between a c t s . v i l l e s e g m e n t s i n c l u d e d a c t s b y To t Yo u n g , t h e ters, Mac B r a d l e y and Ed Anderson. T h e y shadowgraph p e r f o r m a n c e s . 6 0 Protean A r t i s t also advertised The K e n n e d y P l a y e r s f e a t u r e d N e l l i e K e n n e d y. 6 1 The W i l b u r O p e r a C o m p a n y, G l a s g o w S t o c k C o m p a n y, H u n t s ' I m p e r i a l S t o c k C o m p a n y, a n d t h e Rodney S t o c k Company w e r e a l l after the turn of organizations which appeared t h e century and included vaudeville as p a r t of t h e i r entertainment.62 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies panies v i s i t i n g -the c i t y T h e number o f Uncle declined. S t e t s o n ' s Double Monster Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Company made t h r e e s t o p s a t t h e O p e r a House between 1 8 9 6 a n d 1 9 0 3 w h i l e t h e A l W. M a r t i n Company a p p e a r e d twice. T w o o t h e r companies made s i n g l e visits. The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n d e s c r i b e d t h e c h a n g e s w h i c h 59C&R, 1 2 A u g . 1 8 9 8 , p . 6 C&R, 1 3 O c t . 1 8 9 9 , p . 1. 1. 61Reporter, 2 3 Feb. 1 9 0 3 , 6 p• 3 . Reporter, 1 8 O c t . 1 9 0 2 , p . 5 ; 2 2 May 1903, p . 20 A u g . 1 9 0 3 , p . 3 ; and 1 9 N o v . 1 9 0 3 , p . 2 . 3; �11 had a l t e r e d t h e p l a y o v e r t h e y e a r s : is scarcely followed and a l m o s t a c o m e d y. T h e i t i s " T h e story r e a l sentiments o f Mrs. Howe's immortal a g obscured and l o s t by the t r i c k s right's i c J a r t audience l a u g h . I t i s now more l i k e By t h e t u r n had e v i d e n t l y become s o much l i k e ences i t i t o f t r y i n g t o produce something t o make t h e than a n y t h i n g e l s e . " 6 3 sensations t h a t the book s o changed as t o make t h e p l a y work i s i n in a minstrel performance of the century the play other farces and scenic n o l o n g e r c o u l d command t h e enjoyed through the 1880's. Opera a n d O p e r e t t a T h e peared t o f o c u s most o f operas which appeared i n the their attention on spectacle e d y. T h e r e w e r e e i g h t p r o d u c t i o n s o f F a u s t b e t w e e n 1 8 9 5 a n d 1904. I n time, scenery and e l e c t r i c a l e ff e c t s appeared t o become m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h e m u s i c . Courier wrote "The e l e c t r i c a l able."64 I n 1895 t h e Weekly effects are I n 1896 t h e same p a p e r l a b e l e d a p r o d u c t i o n o f Faust " t h e most f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t i o n e v e r seen i n The r e v i e w e r w a s e s p e c i a l l y i m p r e s s e d w i t h t h e f o u r t h a c t , "where M e p h i s t o p h e l e s s t a n d s u p o n t h e summit o f showing F a u s t t h e r e v e l s around t h e base o f o f the Brocken, t h e demons o n Wa l p u r g i s n i g h t the mountain, w i t h flames the g r o u n d t o envelope them and showers o f 63 " C & P, 1 8 D e c . 1 9 0 0 , p . fire 3. Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 5 N o v. 1 8 9 5 , 1.) 1 • �11 7 them f r o m a b o v e . " 6 5 I n 1898 t h e C o u r i e r and marked t h a t some who h a d seen t h e p r o d u c t i o n o n c i t y s t a g e s which u t i l i z e d c o m p l i c a t e d machinery and p o w e r f u l dynamos might have f e l t disappointment. ever, t h a t m o s t o f such f i n e e ff e c t s T h e reviewer t h e Coldwater audience was s u r p r i s e d t h a t could be produced w i t h "the ances a t h a n d . " 6 6 By 1 9 0 1 t h e o p e r a h a d become a ing spectacular pantomime."67 T h e Weekly Courier wrote character i n o f a t h e 1895 p r o d u c t i o n o f Robin Hood, is incongruous f o r so excellent an actor to represent the times o f Robin Hood, p a y i n g a t t e n t i o n t o e v e r y d e t a i l costume a p p r o p r i a t e t o some c h e a p j o k e s o f t h a t period and then mix i n his o f lines t h e present d a y. " 6 8 The O p e r a H o u s e o f f e r e d S o u s a ' s E l C a p i t a n est guarantee ever" i n 1898 b u t t h e audience was d i s a p p o i n t e d with the performance. T h e Courier and Republican wrote t h a t "William C. M a n d e v i l l e descended t o v e r y cheap foonery i n h i s c h a r a c t e r o f E l Capitan a t t h e Opera House when h e s a w t h e a u d i e n c e d i d n o t s h o w a n y g r e a t e n t h u s i a s m over h i s indifferent a c t i n g and singing. weighed h i m a s a n i n f e r i o r artist i n . . 5. 1. 6 7 R e p o r t P r, 1 5 N o v. 1 9 0 1 , p . T h e audience a very few minutes a f t e r 65 Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , p . 66C&R, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 9 8 , p . . 3. 68Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 6 F e b . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . �11 8 he a p p e a r e d , a n d h e w a s r e c e i v e d a c c o r d i n g l y . have b e e n h i s s e d . . . ."69 H e ought to The p r e - s h o w p u b l i c i t y for the comic o p e r a Wang d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e c o u r s e b e i n g t a k e n b y m o s t l i g h t opera companies. T h e y featured "a banjo chorus rendered by t e n o f t h e c l e v e r e s t and p r e t t i e s t a chorus o f g i r l s i n t h e company; n u r s e r y rhymes g i v e n by s e v e r a l charming t o t s , n o n e o f whom i s over seven years o l d ; l i t t l e a Siamese wedding ceremony r e p r o d u c e d a c c u r a t e l y i n e v e r y d e t a i l , a r e a l steam launch and a r o y a l barge f l o a t i n g among French men-ofanchor i n t h e h a r b o r o f Bangkok; a n d a r e a l l y phant, e i g h t f e e t h i g h , whose method o f four gallon glass o f beer i s getting r i d of a a mystery to the audience."70 Visiting stars The T i b b i t s failed t o a t t r a c t many s t a r s d u r i n g t h e ten y e a r s o f J a c k s o n ' s management. T h e majority of formers were under c o n t r a c t t o t h e T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate and played o n l y i n Syndicate houses. In 1900 O t i s Skinner, a Syndicate a c t o r, t r a v e l e d from the Empire T h e a t r e , bits. T h e stop o f f i n D e t r o i t t o present The L i a r s at p r e s s , n e v e r e x p l a i n i n g how he was persuaded t o a t Coldwater, d i d note t h a t he"gave a v e r y f i n e entertainment a t t h e Opera House l a s t n i g h t to 6 9 C &R, 2 D e c . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 0 . 70Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 5 J a n . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1 0 . a �11 9 ence.n71 Thomas K e e n e r e t u r n e d t o p l a y J u l i u s C a e s a r w i t h "All the o r i g i n a l B o o t h - B a r r e t t s c e n e r y, p r o p e r t i e s a n d a r m o r. " 7 2 The W e e k l y C o u r i e r w r o t e o f K e e n e " . efforts i n J u l i u s Caesar, i t . . a f t e r witnessing his must be said, though i n ness a n d w i t h a f e e l i n g a k i n t o pity, t h a t age has withered the l a u r e l s h e g a t h e r e d t w e n t y years a g o . K e e n e t o w e r s l i k e a volcano whose s e e t h i n g f i r e s h a v e burned i t s the n o b l e f o r m s t i l l present, but the f i r e , heart t h e glow warmth a r e f o r e v e r e x t i n g u i s h e d . " 7 3 Joseph J e f f e r s o n ' s s o n , Thomas, appeared i n 1901 a n d a g a i n i n 1902 a s R i p Va n W i n k l e , t h e mous. T h e role his father R e p o r t e r w r o t e t h a t "Thomas J e f f e r s o n . splendid success and won the h e a r t s by h i s f i n e i m p e r s o n a t i o n o f vagabond."74 o f . . was a his audience immediately t h i s renowned, good Robert M a n t e l l r e t u r n e d f o u r times t o act i n Monbars, S e c r e t Wa r r a n t , a n d The Dagger and t h e C r o s s . view o f sesses a this romantic actor in the l a t t e r said f i n e physique and h i s stage presence i s He p i c t u r e d t h e e m o t i o n s o f love, passion, and revenge i n 71C&R, 2 3 M a r . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. 72Week1y C o u r i e r , 2 8 N o v . 1 8 9 6 , p . 5. 73Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 2 D e c . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 74Reporter, 7 O c t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 2. a �120 m a s t e r l y m a n n e r. . . ."75 Concerts The b i g g e s t m u s i c a l a t t r a c t i o n d u r i n g t h e years o f J a c k s o n ' s management was t h e Sousa Band. T h e band appeared i n 1897 and a g a i n i n 1900 when t h e y f e a t u r e d t h e i r new m a r c h " H a n d s A c r o s s t h e S e a . " 7 6 also made t w o appearances. Methot, a 1895 t h e y brought Miss Minnie l y r i c soprano.77 Remenyi, the turned i n 1896. audience. S i n c e appear i n I n The C h i c a g o M a r i n e B a n d O n v i o l i n t h i s occasion he antagonized the T i b b i t s h i s baggage was missent and he was f o r c e d t o h i s t r a v e l i n g dress he held up the performance u n t i l 9:00 p.m. T h e n he f u r t h e r vented h i s s o u r d i s p o s i t i o n o n the a u d i e n c e w h e n a c h i l d made a playing. " H e s l i g h t noise w h i l e he was deliberately put his left the stage l i k e fiddle under his a c r u s t y o l d curmudgeon."78 The M a r i e D e c c a C o m p a n y a l s o d i d n o t f i n d the l o c a l a u d i e n c e . T h e Weekly Courier wrote t h a t "The s t y l e o f music s u n g and p l a y e d was s u c h as c o u l d be o n l y understood or interpreted by musicians." H e continued that ment means m u c h , a n d a d a p t a t i o n t o c i r c u m s t a n c e s i s 75GUR, 2 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 9 , p . 76 C&R, 2 0 F e b . 1 9 0 0 , p . 5. 1. 77Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 6 O c t . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 7 8 y 2 . 2 k 1 : 2 1 C o u r i e r, 2 5 J a n . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1. the �121 harmony and m e l o d y o f e v e r y d a y l i f e . " 7 9 T h e Boston Ladies Symphony O r c h e s t r a a n d F a d e t t e L a d i e s O r c h e s t r a , b o t h p a r t o f t h e Y. M . C . A . c o u r s e , w e r e m o r e p o p u l a r . I n 1900 t h e Innes Concert Band pleased t h e T i b b i t s audience w i t h s e l e c t i o n s f r o m Faust, T r o v a t o r e , A i d a , a n d Carmen.80 P r i o r t o 1 8 9 6 t h e l o c a l p r e s s seemed p l e a s e d w i t h t h e vocal music a t t r a c t i o n s which played a t the Ti b b i t s . I n 1894 t h e W e e k l y C o u r i e r w r o t e " T h e M a y L e g g e t t pany was m e r i t o r i o u s bers, i n i t s I t joyable. 8 1 . the freshness and variety of s i m p l i c i t y and a c t i o n and t h e ingenuousness o f i t s members. . i n was so u n c l a s s i c a l as t o be A y e a r l a t e r t h e same p a p e r i n f e r r e d f r o m t h e c r o w d a t t e n d i n g t h e Te m p l e Q u a r t e t t e c o n c e r t water c i t i z e n s preferred a musical program t o a l i t e r a r y lecture.82 Beginning i n 1896 reviews o f vocal entertainments were negative. M a n y concerts were n o t even reviewed. T h e Alice Raym C o n c e r t C o m p a n y w a s j u d g e d " f a r b e l o w t h e s t a n d a r d u s u a l l y engaged f o r t h e S t a r E y. m . c . A 3 C o u r s e . " 8 3 T h e White-Morgan 79Week1y C o u r i e r , 1 0 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 80C&R, 4 S e p t . 1 9 0 0 , p . 8. 3. 81Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 2 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 8. 82Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 3 M a r. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 83 Weekly c o u r i e r , 2 3 N o v . 1 3 9 5 , p . 1 0 . �122 Concert Company was " u n s a t i s f a c t o r y t o u s e n o h a r s h e r t e r m . " 8 4 I n 1898 t h e D a v i s C o n c e r t Company " d i d n o t p o s s e s s t h e m e r i t of local talent."85 one v i t a l T h e A r i e l Q u a r t e t Company " . . . lacked quality 'of a musical organization--not one o f the members w a s a v o c a l i s t . " 8 6 Related t h e a t r i c a l activity The T i b b i t s c o n t i n u e d t o h o u s e a w i d e v a r i e t y of entertainments and l o c a l functions not related t o legitimate theatre. son a l l T h e took Y. M . C . A . , S t . A g a t h a ' s G u i l d a n d t h e i r turns a t sponsoring lecture series. few m i n s t r e l companies c o n t i n u e d t o s t o p o f f and the number of v a r i e t y and v a u d e v i l l e shows increased. also served as the political Lectures site A T h e Opera House f o r such dissimilar a c t i v i t i e s as r a l l i e s , dance concerts and a funeral. T h e Y. M . C . A . c o n t i n u e d t o s p o n s o r a l e c t u r e c o u r s e in the 1894-95 and 1895-96 seasons. M o s t o f ments w e r e b o o k e d t h r o u g h t h e M e t r o p o l i t a n M u s i c a l tainment Bureau.87 The 1 8 9 4 - 9 5 s e a s o n i n c l u d e d s i x l e c t u r e s on t o p i c s r a n g i n g f r o m " T h e M a n o f G a l i l e e " t o " A m e r i c a n Nuts; Cracked and Uncracked." M r s . French-Sheldon, t h e "White 8 Weekly C o u r i e r , 11 J a n . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 85C&R, 1 5 J u l y 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 86C&R, 3 A p r i l 1900, p . 1 87 Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 1 J a n . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . �Elk 123 Queen," l e c t u r e r , i n t r e p i d explorer, p h i l a n t h r o p i s t , author, publisher, s c u l p t o r, " t a l k e d about h e r explorations 8 r i c a 8 w h i l e Wallace Bruce, t h e U.S. Counsel t o Edinburgh 1889-93, s p o k e o n t h e " P h i l o s o p h y o f W i t a n d Humor."89 John B . D e M o t t e g a v e a l e c t u r e o f character building.90 A Judge Ya p l e began t h e 1895-96 season w i t h a l e c t u r e on " P e r s o n a l i t y . " as " a f l o w i n g into prisms o f T h e crystal Weekly Courier described h i s l e c t u r e o f words, here and there c o l o r, t h r o u g h which one caught glimpses o f crimson sunsets, t h e majesty o f the mountains, t h e waving flowers l e y, t h e o f t h e m e a d u w, t h e s w e e t n e s s o f the l i l i e s o f s t i l l n e s s and solemnity o f t h e l e a f y woods, t h e songs of birds, the c e l e s t i a l harmony o f the s t a r r y heavens and t h e roar and thunder o f a thousand Niagaras."91 B r o o k s and Macy presented " a n evening o f p o e t r y, pathos and humor and gave splendid satisfaction."92 tale o f Judge S i d n e y Thomas g a v e " a d r e a r y pessimistic platitudes" which didn't strike ence w i t h m u c h f o r c e s i n c e " h e c o u l d n o t r e a d h i s m a n u s c r i p t . " 9 3 George W i l l a r d g a v e a n i l l u s t r a t e d l e c t u r e o n t h e P a s s i o n 88Weekly C o u r i e r , 6 O c t . 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. 89 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 1. 9 Feb. 1895, p . 90Repub1ican, 1 3 Mar. 1895. 91Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 4 S e p t . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 92Week1y C o u r i e r , 1 6 N o v . 1 8 9 5 , p . 93Weekly C o u r i e r , 8 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , r . 1. 5. �12 P l a y, 9 4 w h i l e J o h n R . C l a r k e p r e s e n t e d a t r a v e l o g u e don.95 Robert G. I n g e r s o l l r e t u r n e d t o speak on " L i b e r t y Man, Woman a n d C h i l d . " W h i l e of disagreeing with Ingersoll's agnosticism, t h e p r e s s concluded t h a t when he spoke o f home, wife, love and children " i t l i f t s the heart and soul to a contemplation o f scenes s c a r c e l y less a t t r a c t i v e t h a n heaven i t s e l f . ,,96 The Y. M . C . A . a b a n d o n e d i t s lecture series after the 1895-96 s e a s o n s o Manager J a c k s o n e s t a b l i s h e d t h e P e o p l e ' s P o p u l a r Lyceum C o u r s e . T h e course included s i x lectures which e v i d e n t l y w e r e n ' t w e l l r e c e i v e d . T i m o t h y E. Ta r s n e y " d i d as w e l l a s a n y g l i b - t o n g u e d o r a t o r c o u l d h a v e d o n e , w h o h a d no b e t t e r a r g u m e n t t h a n h e h a d . " 9 7 H a r r y Martell's "South Before t h e War" was r a t e d "above t h e u s u a l m e r i t o f panies o n t h e r o a d " b u t t h e r e v i e w e r suggested t h a t inate " a few broad suggestions" from the speech.98 f i r s t p a r t Jahu D e w i t t M i l l e r , H o y t L . C o n a r y, son a n d J u d g e A l b i o n W. To u r g e e r e c e i v e d n o r e v i e w a t a l l . The f o l l o w i n g s e a s o n J a c k s o n a b a n d o n e d t h e l e c t u r e course a s a n u n p r o f i t a b l e u n d e r t a k i n g . T h e 94Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 8 A p r i l 1 8 9 6 , P . 95Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 4 M a r. 1 8 9 6 , p . 1. 1. 96Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 1 A p r i l 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 97Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 6 , p . 98Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 8 N o v. 1 8 9 6 , p . 8. 1. �125 Republican explained the problem "Do n o t t h e people w a t e r demand t h e v e r y b e s t t a l e n t o f the platform f o r the minimum p r i c e p a i d t o a m a t e u r s a n d p e o p l e o f m e d i o c r i t y ? Then when s u c h p e o p l e a p p e a r b e f o r e o u r c u l t u r e d a u d i e n c e s they f a i l t o please and the audience i s resolves not t o encourage others."99 that the indifference local clubs sorbed i n The p a p e r c o n t i n u e d t o l e c t u r e s was l a r g e l y due t o numerous i n Coldwater which tended t o "absorb tion o f most o f The r e v i e w e r disappointed and t h e women a t l e a s t i n literary effort." f i n a l l y accused individuals with being t h e i r own a f f a i r s o f t h e c o m m u n i t y. spring o f 1896 t o 100 the t o attend to the public wants In any event, t h e r e was no course f r o m f a l l o f 1900. In 1900, S t . Agatha's Guild sponsored a course which included Fred Emerson Brooks, Hon. J . W r i g h t Giddings, R e v. Thomas D i x o n , C h a r l e s H . F r a s e r , a n d D e w i t t M i l l e r . was n o p r e s s c o v e r a g e o f this course. A year later, T h e r e t h e Y. M . C . A . again sponsored the series and brought i n A. L . Colton f o r an i l l u s t r a t e d l e c t u r e o n " T h e Moon i n F a c t a n d Fancy"101 a n d Spillman Riggs who gave a humorous l e c t u r e . 1 0 2 was a l s o l i s t e d as a lecturer. T h e 99C&R, 1 8 N o v . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 0 . 18 N o v . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 0 . 101C4R, 2 0 S e p t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 5. 102C&R, 2 0 S e p t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 3. Ralph P a r l e t t f o l l o w i n g y e a r t h e Y. M . C . A . �12 sponsored Congressman Charles B . L a n d i s , o f Indiana; Durno the M y s t e r i o u s ; M e l v i n Robinson, i m p e r s o n a t o r ; J . D. Dolliver of Iowa; James Gale I n g l i s ; a n d C o l . H . W. J . Ham, a humorous lecturer.103 T h e 1 9 0 3 - 0 4 Y. M . C . A . l e c t u r e c o u r s e a d v e r t i s e d only t h r e e speakers; R u s s e l l H. Conwell, R e v. E . M. L a y c o c k and D r . Thomas E . G r e e n . T h e r e was n o l e c t u r e s e r i e s d u r i n g the 1904-05 season. Minstrels T h e number o f m i n s t r e l shows d e c l i n e d d u r i n g t h e years o f J a c k s o n ' s management. H i H e n r y ' s company appeared i n 1894 and again i n 1900. T h e show continued t o f e a t u r e jokes, pantomime, c l u b swinging and stereoptican views.104 The C l e v e l a n d M i n s t r e l s w h o a l s o a p p e a r e d i n 1 8 9 4 f e a t u r e d "a m i l e o f world's f a i r panaramic v i e w s . 0 0 5 that the Cleveland "rendition to t h a t o f T h e press note i s thought t o be i n t e r i o r G i g H i H e n r y. " 1 0 6 The E d F . D a v i s Mammoth M i n s t r e l s a d v e r t i s e d s o l i d a t e d show f e a t u r i n g one h u n d r e d men, women a n d c h i l d r e n . The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n w r o t e t h a t t h e s h o w w a s tion upon good nature, a t r a v e s t y upon music and a burlesque upon c h a r a c t e r s k e t c h i n g . as d e f i c i e n t i n . . . T h e actors c o l l c c t i v e l y were musical a b i l i t y as the 103C&R, 1 7 J u n e 1 9 0 2 , p . 1. 1o4Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 7 O c t . 1 8 9 4 , p . S . 1 0 5 R e p u b 11 c a n , 4 D e c . 1 8 9 4 . 106Republican, 11 Dec. 1894. �127 who s a i d i f he owned a hand organ t h a t was s e t t o Hundred he c o u l d n o t g e t more t h a n s e v e n t y - f i v e Most o f t h e shows a p p e a r e d t o play Old o u t o f r e l y upon scenic sensations such as V o g e l ' s B i g M i n s t r e l ' s " E l e c t r i c V e l o u r P a l a c e " a n d u p o n old jokes. 108 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e steady increase i n V a r i e t y and vaudeville enjoyed a p o p u l a r i t y d u r i n g Jackson's management. The H u m p t y D u m p t y c o m p a n i e s r e t u r n e d t o t h e T i b b i t s five times between 1900 and 1904. T h e pantomimic extravaganza appeared t o b e more p o p u l a r t h a n i n t h e m i d -1880's when p r e v i o u s l y p l a y e d i n Coldwater. i t T h e company which appeared i n 1904 f e a t u r e d George H. Adams, " E n g l a n d ' s famous pantomime clown."109 The L i l y 1894, f e a t u r e d C l a y G a i e t y C o m p a n y, w h i c h s t o p p e d o f f in l i v i n g p i c t u r e s which were represented b y "beautious, l i v i n g a r t i s t s ' models from the famous s t u d i o s o f Rome, F l o r e n c e , P a r i s , B e r l i n , L o n d o n . . • pany a l s o f e a t u r e d Marvelous M e l v i l l e , " t h e flying the h i g h double s w i n g i n g h o r i z o n t a l s . " 11 0 A • " year later Richie Foy b r o u g h t h i s P l a y s a n d P l a y e r s Company t o t h e T i b b i t s . This was a t a k e - o f f o n t h e p a s s i n g show and f e a t u r e d 107C&R, 3 S e p t . 1 8 9 7 , p . 5. 1 0 8 R e p o r t e r, 2 9 A p r i l 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 1 0 9 R e k 9 r t e r, 1 3 S e p t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. noWeekly Courier, 2 8 J u l y 1894, p . 1. �128 some v a r i e t y w i t h o u t b e i n g o f f e n s i v e . • • • 111 The 1 8 9 6 - 9 7 season opened i n m i d -August w i t h t h e M e x i c a n f e r i n g music and specialties.112 Magic w a s a p o p u l a r f e a t u r e i n many o f t h e v a r i e t y entertainments. Hermann the Great brought h i s show t o town i n 1 8 9 9 , 11 3 and i n 1 9 0 2 , T h e W o r l d ' s Monarchs o f M a g i c f e a t u r e d L e R o y, T a l m a a n d B o s c o a n d t h e B u s c h - D e v e r e C o m p a n y. number o f received 11 4 A o t h e r companies a d v e r t i s i n g " p o l i t e v a u d e v i l l e " l i t t l e p r e s s comment. M o s t o f these lected t h e i r acts from Pastor's, Keith's, stein's and Koster and B i a l ' s theatres Miscellaneous P o l i t i c a l orators o f continued t o speak a t the Ti b b i t s . "huge a u d i e n c e " State and National stature G o v e r n o r Rich spoke t o i n 1894 w h i l e campaigning f o r 1896, W i l l i a m A l d e n S m i t h , H o n . J . C. B u r r o w s i n New Yo r t c . 11 5 office. J . Desmond a n d S e n a t o r J . a l l spoke i n October. S e n a t o r Burrows panied b y Seth L . M i l l i k e n president o f o f Maine a n d J . W. B r i g h a m , t h e the N a t i o n a l Grange. T h e Giant 111 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 5 O c t . 1 8 9 5 . 11 2 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 2 8 J u l y 1 8 9 4 , p . 1 11 3 C & R , 1 7 N o v . 1 8 9 9 , p . 5. 11 R e p o r t e r , 9 O c t . 1 9 0 2 , p . 3 . 11 11 6 G&R, 5 J a n . 1 9 0 0 , p . a 1. Weekly C o u r i e r , 3 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 8. �129 1 tet provided vocal music.17 R e v. F. M. Aunks, rows, a n d G o v e r n o r Shaw o f I o w a a l l spoke a t lies i n October o f 1900. A d e l i nominee, spoke o n O c t o b e r 2 4 . "He i s not a b r i l l i a n t Stevenson, a Vice Presidential T h e Courier and Republican wrote o r a t o r n o r one t o c r e a t e enthusiasm for h i s audience b u t no one doubted h i s s i n c e r i t y. " 11 8 A number o f companies b o a s t i n g "moving vices" appeared during Jackson's tenure, although the Edison Magniscope n e v e r made i t t u n . 1 1 t o Coldwater since 9 .• H o w e v e r , ld xp so te a i n i t "was addition to the stereoptican which had been popular f o r a number o f years, two c o m p a n i e s u t i l i z e d a c i n e m a t o s c o p e o r graph t o p i c t u r e m i l i t a r y scenes. Lumiere Cinematograph s t a t e d t h a t A n advertisement f o r Kleine's l o c a l families would be able t o s e e t h e i r sons who were f i g h t i n g Wa r m a r c h t o w a r d t h e c a m e r a . 1 2 0 T h e i n the Courier and Republican's review noted t h a t w h i l e "There were a few moving p i c t u r e s that were good, one especially so, t h e landing o f the marines at Guantanamo, b u t most o f them were q u i t e i n d i f f e r e n t company t h a t made s u c h p r e t e n s i o n s . " 1 2 1 In 1898 a n 7'Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 6 , p . 11 8 C & R , 2 6 O c t . 1 9 0 0 , p . 8. 11 9 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 2 1 N o v . 1 8 9 6 , p . 120C&R, 1 3 J a n . 1 8 9 9 , P . 17; G&R, 2 7 J a n . 1 8 9 9 , 1. 8. P. 5 . 1. f o r a �130 ment f e a t u r e d E d i s o n ' s A n i m o t o s c o p e w h i c h made v i e w s f r o m photographs.122 Finally promised " t h e r e a l thing i n 1899 t h e T i b b i t s audience was i n moving pictures."123 This graph Graphophone f e a t u r e d scenes s u c h a s a r i d e o n t h e f r o n t of an engine through the Rocky Mountain's Frazer yon.124 In 1896 a Miss Hext appeared i n "readings and posings" which f e a t u r e d t h e D e l s a r t i a n method. B i l l e d as "a rare and elegant entertainment" t h e reviewer found "one distinguishing feature--length." H e continued t h a t " t h e r e was a r e l i e f from any merit approaching mediocracy during terminable three hours.”125 Dancers s t o p p e d o f f The R o y a l V i c t o r i a T r o u p e o f at the Tibbits English g i r l s featured an electric i n 1901. T h i s troupe o f b a l l e t and a revolving windmill.126 There was a w r e s t l i n g match i n 1894 and H i g h School Commencements c o n t i n u e d t o b e a n a n n u a l e v e n t . A t once, Manager Jackson c r e a t e d a n e l a b o r a t e s e t t i n g exercises u t i l i z i n g least for the the occasion t o introduce t h e new scenery 122C&R, 3 J u n e 1 8 9 8 , p . 123C&B, 2 4 N o v . 1 8 9 9 , p . 1. 1. 124Reporter, 1 6 May 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 125Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 4 N o v. 1 8 9 6 , 126Reporter, 1 1 O c t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 3. P. 8. �131 to be used d u r i n g t h e coming season.127 A n n a Eva terious Oneida, K i l l e r , t h e m a g i c i a n and Hermann t h e G r e a t a l l presented shows d e a l i n g w i t h s p i r i t u a l i s m and t h e o c c u l t , while Professor Norris returned with his trained dogs. Ti b b i t s Opera House was a l s o t h e s i t e T h e f o r memorial services f o r President McKinley and the B a r t S. T i b b i t s f u n e r a l . Amateur productions During Jackson's f i r s t t e n years o f teur productions were about e q u a l l y divided between dramatic and m u s i c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . I n 1896 t h e C o u r i e r I d l e r , umnist who e d i t o r i a l i z e d on a f f a i r s o f i t upon himself to improve the q u a l i t y i n Coldwater. H i s local interest, took o f amateur productions suggestions included speaking d i s t i n c t l y and e n u n c i a t i n g , a v o i d i n g l a t e e n t r a n c e s a n d e a r l y e x i t s , playing to the front avoiding stiffness o f the stage, and behaving n a t u r a l l y and o r staginess. merge t h e m s e l v e s w i t h H e t h e i r characters and forget themselves. He c o n t i n u e d b y u r g i n g l o c a l t a l e n t dress stage. I n to learn conclusion he advised, you a r e t o a p p e a r i n feet o r urged the amateurs t o " . . their . lines and forget that p u b l i c and f o r g e t you have hands and t h a t anyone i s absorbingly watching to see breathe o r w i n k , a n d y o u w i l l a c q u i t y o u r s e l f much 127Re_publican, 4 J u n e 1 8 9 5 . i f you �132 f a c t o r i l y than you can imagine."128 When t h e L a d i e s ' M u s i c a l a n d D r a m a t i c C l u b p r o d u c e d A New Ye a r ' s R e c e p t i o n one p a p e r n o t e d "home t a l e n t a g a i n . " 1 2 9 A subsequent r e v i e w, however, l a b e l e d t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t "bright, sparkling and musical."130 In 1897 and a g a i n 1898, t h e F o r t n i g h t l y C l u b s t a g e d M r . B o b . L a t e r season Lodge 3 1 , I . O . O . F. p r e s e n t e d U n c l e J o s h , and a g a i n i n S e p t e m b e r. A i n i n the 1898 f i r s t year later the sisterhood of Presbyterian Church mounted t h e comic opera Ermine. the S t . A g a t h a ' s G u i l d p r e s e n t e d R i p Va n W i n k l e i n May o f 1 9 0 0 a n d returned l a t e r The R i v a l s . I n that year with a production o f Sheridan's 1902 t h e y produced The Snowball. n i g h t l y Club returned i n 1901 t o act i n The Prince o f Egypt and a g a i n i n 1 9 0 4 t o r e c r e a t e t h e M i s t l e t o e B o u g h w h i c h was one o f C o l d w a t e r ' s f i r s t amateur Nevada, or The L o s t M i n e , E s m e r a l d a , T h e K e r m i s , Home L i g h t s , a n d The Va g p b o n d Q u e e n w e r e a l l staged by local lodges i n a period from 1901 t h r o u g h 1904. The m o s t i m p o r t a n t a m a t e u r v o c a l g r o u p d u r i n g t h e Jackson management w a s t h e Andrews C h o r a l U n i o n . group organized i n T h i s the mil-1890's and attempted t o 128Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 May 1896, p . 129Weekly C o u r i e r , 23 M a y 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 130Week1y C o u r i e r , 30 M a y 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 3 1 R e p o r t e r, 3 0 N o v . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 8. 5. �133 fessional." T h e Weekly Courier wrote " I n the r e n d i t i o n o f the program t h e U n i o n was most p l e a s i n g i n i t s b l e n d i n g o f voices, and brought o u t w i t h grand e f f e c t the orchestration of the d i f f i c u l t s e l e c t i o n s . I t s w o r k showed a and d e p t h o f s t u d y a n d a p r o f i c i e n c y i n the art tions t h a t might w e l l be accorded t o organizations i n grand opera."132 A l o c a l chorus also performed j a h C h o r u s a n d Wa g n e r ' s Ta n n h a u s e r. 1 3 3 The C o l d w a t e r F o r t n i g h t l y C l u b p r e s e n t e d a n u m b e r o f musical shows i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e i r dramatic e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . In 1900 they presented an entertainment e n t i t l e d "Evening a t t h e Opera House" w h i c h i n c l u d e d pantomime, r e c i t a t i o n and music. 134 T h e y also presented a patriotic entertainment and an e v e n i n g o f c o n t i n u o u s v a u d e v i l l e . 1 3 5 L o c a l t a l e n t a s s e m b l e d two l a d y m i n s t r e l s h o w s a n d a m a l e m i n s t r e l g r o u p c a l l i n g themselves C o l d w a t e r ' s T h i r t y Sable Sons o f Ham.136 Synopsis The J a c k s o n management w a s n o t a b l e i n t h a t b i t s Opera House was e n j o y i n g p r o s p e r i t y a t a t i m e when t h e 132Weekly C o u r i e r , 9 N o v. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 133Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 3 A p r i l 1 8 9 5 , p . 134 G&R, 9 F e b . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. 5. 135Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 1 D e c . 1 8 9 5 , p . 7 ; a n d C&R, 1 2 April 1901, p . 5 . 136Reppb1ican, 1 9 M a r. 1 8 9 5 ; We e k l y C o u r i e r, 1 6 M a r. 1895, p . 1 ; a n d Ceal, 2 5 D e c . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1 . �134 fortunes o f most s m a l l - t o w n Opera Houses were o n t h e wane. It's c l e a r t h a t John T. J a c k s o n ' s t h e a t r i c a l knowledge a n d astute business sense contributed g r e a t l y to the t h e a t r e ' s success. J a c k s o n ' s removal o f t h e s c e n e r y grooves ment o f t h e b a c k s t a g e a r e a made t h e T i b b i t s a atre, as did the increase i n electrical voltage. the b e s t companies a v a i l a b l e t o effort H e booked a s m a l l t o w n a n d made e v e r y t o woo t h e T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate and even though t h e Syndicate s t o p p e d b o o k i n g shows a t t h e T i b b i t s daybook i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e i n 1897 t h e t o t a l number o f shows a t b i t s a c t u a l l y i n c r e a s e d a t a t i m e when many Opera Houses f o u n d i t d i f f i c u l t t o book any talent companies who p l a y e d off at the Tibbits i n f o r Detroit at f o r a l l . I n order a week o r more t o stop o n l y one performance he o f t e n p r i c e d t i c k e t s 2 5 0 t o 50.0 h i g h e r t h a n t h e c i t y though t h i s enraged t h e p r e s s , t h e l o c a l people apparently were w i l l i n g t o pay f o r the convenience o f seeing tainments i n t h e i r own town. A l s o , to make t h e f a c i l i t y available to Manager Jackson continued the public f o r a ety o f entertainments o t h e r than l e g i t i m a t e drama. W h e n t h e cinematoscope a n d o t h e r moving p i c t u r e d e v i c e s became p o p u l a r, Jackson made e v e r y e f f o r t to facilitate the production of these e n t e r t a i n m e n t s a t t h e Opera House. T h e utilized the later f a c i l i t y for the funeral local people o f Bart S. Ti b b i t s and f o r memcrial s e r v i c e s f o r P r e s i d e n t M c K i n l e y. �135 Comedy a s i t continued t o merge i n t o manded e n t h u s i a s t i c a u d i e n c e s . T h e new r e a l i s t i c p l a y s a l s o appealed t o t h e p u b l i c , a l t h o u g h Jackson c o u l d n o t secure many of these productions. L o c a l clubs competed w i t h one a n o t h e r in the production o f amateur t h e a t r i c a l , musical, ville entertainments. larity I n s h o r t , t h e a t r e was e n j o y i n g i n Coldwater t h a t even a press vendetta and a subsequent news " b l a c k o u t " c o u l d n o t d i s c r e d i t J a c k s o n ' s m a n a g e m e n t o f -the Opera House. A s the record in f a c t shows, vided Coldwater with the best t h e a t r i c a l fare of the T i b b i t s Opera House. i n the history �Chapter V SUMMARY A N D C O N C L U S I O N S Summary Because o f i t s unique location, Coldwater served as a n a t u r a l w a y - s t a t i o n between Chicago, To l e d o a n d D e t r o i t . On t h e m a i n l i n e w a y, t h e o f the Lakeshore and Michigan c i t y served as the central market f o r for a large territory. T h e farmer's products town's easy a c c e s s i b i l i t y and t h e s u r r o u n d i n g l a k e s a n d f o r e s t e d p a r k s made C o l d w a t e r a p o p u l a r resort f o r c i t y people. B y the turn of the century water area boasted f o u r major railroads and led the State the b r e e d i n g o f i n f i n e horses and the manufacture Coldwater's citizens were always unique i n terest i n a r t and literature. Shakespeare c l u b , b r a r y. T h e a famous a r t steady influx the c i t i z e n s a d v i s e d o f develop a t a s t e L o c a l f o r o f residents enjoyed a g a l l e r y and a free people i n t o the the latest a r t i s t i c trends and helped the best cultural entertainments. T h e t h r i v i n g commerce a l s o c r e a t e d a number o f w e a l t h y c i t i z e n s who w e r e w i l l i n g t o support the community's ours. There was l i t t l e theatrical activity i n Coldwater prior to 1879, b u t d u r i n g the p e r i o d between 1879 and 1881 -1 �137 over 30 l e g i t i m a t e dramas and numerous m i n s t r e l and m u s i c a l entertainments were performed a t Armory H a l l and i n church p a r l o r s . W h e n Armory H a l l burned i n 1881 t h e t o w n was l e f t with a developing taste them. B a r t Tibbits, theatricals but no place t o house t h e mayor o f the town and a gar manufacturer, b u i l t a cost f o r t h e 1000 s e a t T i b b i t s Opera House a t o f $25,000. R a t e d "second t o none" b y the l o c a l press, the Opera House was e l e g a n t i n decoration and extremely w e l l equipped w i t h a s t o c k o f scenery s a i d t o be " t h e l a r g e s t and finest i n Michigan. . . . " Completed i n 1882, boasted b o t h e l e c t r i c i t y and gas f i x t u r e s . utilized f o r most stage i l l u m i n a t i o n , A l t h o u g h e l e c t r i c i t y was u t i l i z e d from t h e b e g i n n i n g f o r s p e c i a l e f f e c t s and e x t e r i o r l i g h t i n g . B. S . T i b b i t s did not stop at simply building to-date theatre with elegant appointments, he also shrewdly provided f o r survival o f be p u t the multiplicity o f function necessary f o r the a s m a l l town Opera House. i n and removed a t removable. R e a l i z i n g w i l l . A l l o f A dancing the opera chairs were t h a t t h e t h e a t r e would house musical entertainments as w e l l as l i g i t i m a t e theatricals, Ti b b i t s provided s p e c i a l warmup rooms f o r musicians and m i n s t r e l s . He e n c o u r a g e d p u b l i c u s e o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e b y m a k i n g i t available t o private groups a t reasonable rates. At v a r i o u s t i m e s t h e Opera House housed l e g i t i m a t e drama, m i n s t r e l s , v a r i e t y shows, c o n c e r t s , d a n c e s , w r e s t l i n g matches, p o l i t i c a l rallies, lectures, funerals, conventions, �—.mow 13 receptions and even camel rides! B e c a u s e o f s i g h t , n o s t r u c t u r a l changes h a d t o b e made t o accommodate any o f t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s . made i n I n fact, the years reviewed i n t h e o n l y s t r u c t u r a l changes t h i s s t u d y were f o r Although t h e Opera House experienced f i n a n c i a l in 1885 and again because i t i n 1889, i t continued to function mainly housed such a v a r i e t y of functions i t h a d become virtually irreplaceable. Between 1882 a n d 1 9 0 5 , t w o owners a n d a number o f managers e x e r c i s e d c o n t r o l o v e r t h e T i b b i t s . owned t h e t h e a t r e difficulties, Joseph Henning i n from 1882-1885. E x p e r i e n c i n g sold i t f o r half i t s financial original price 1885. H e n n i n g r e t a i n e d c o n t r o l House u n t i l 1 9 0 4 w h e n h e s i g n e d Henning Jackson. A c c o r d i n g A f t e r i t the Opera o v e r t o h i s daughter, Huldah the theatre during the years Henning assumed o w n e r s h i p , C . L . Hunter, who h a d a d v i s e d T i b b i t s , became H e n n i n g ' s m a n a g e r. W h e n H u n t e r l e f t Klock, t h e of to to the press, Tibbits exercised c o n t r o l o v e r t h e management o f of his ownership. T i b b i t s f o r California f i r s t i n 1 8 8 7 G e o r g e W. l o c a l b a n d l e a d e r , assumed t h e management o f theatre. E v i d e n t l y the h i s management w a s n ' t v e r y s u c c e s s f u l because, b e s e i g e d w i t h f i n a n c i a l d i f f i c u l t i e s p e r s o n a l l y t o o k o v e r t h e management. I n the i n f a l l o f 1891, Henning's d a u g h t e r, H u l d a h , h a d t a k e n o v e r t h e management A . the Opera House. S h e continued i n this capacity until her �IMM6 139 marriage t o J o h n T. Jackson i n 1894, when Jackson assumed management o f agement, t h e the theatre. D u r i n g the ten years o f Ti b b i t s attained a sound f i n a n c i a l at t h e t i m e when most s m a l l t o w n Opera Houses were f a i l i n g financially. The n u m b e r o f l e g i t i m a t e dramas produced i n the Opera House i n c r e a s e d o v e r t h e y e a r s w i t h 376, more t h a n h a l f the t o t a l plays, b e i n g produced during the t e n years o f of the Jackson management. T h e movement i n comedy was t o w a r d s f a r c e and e v e n t u a l l y v a u d e v i l l e . T h e plots o f the tainments became s e c o n d a r y t o t h e s p e c i a l t i e s o f formers. W h i l e melodramas and p a s t o r a l p l a y s drew audiences during t h e p e r i o d under s u r v e i l l a n c e , t h e t r e n d was towards scenic sensations and o p e r e t t a s , w h i c h evolved i n t o l i t t l e more t h a n c o m e d i e s w i t h m u s i c . U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n , lar with the press, declined after the turn est i n o f i n t h e c e n t u r y. popularity with the public B y 1895, t h e r e was t h e more r e a l i s t i c p l a y s b y G i l l e t t e , Herne, Mackaye and S a r d o u , a l t h o u g h J a c k s o n a p p a r e n t l y h a d ing these p l a y s . R e p e r t o r y companies v i s i t e d t h e T i b b i t s a rate o f about three p e r year. I n at the 1896-97 son e n t e r e d n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h t h e T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e t o present t h e i r plays. H o w e v e r, a f t e r one season, cate a p p a r e n t l y found t h e one- n i g h t -stands ceased t o play at the Tibbits regularly despite son's f u t u r e efforts. O t i s a l l Skinner's performance on the Opera �14 House s t a g e i n 1 9 0 0 , h o w e v e r , i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e w o u l d o c c a s i o n a l l y make i t s a c t o r s a v a i l a b l e t o Jackson when h e w o u l d f i n a n c i a l l y g u a r a n t e e t h e The T i b b i t s w a s v i s i t e d b y a n u m b e r o f p l a y e r s n o w l i s t e d i n The D i c t i o n a r y o f American Biography o r i n t h e Annals o f t h e New Yo r k Stage. H o w e v e r such a c t o r s a s J e s s i e Bonstelle, E v a l y n F o s t e r, C h a r l e s Gardner, E z r a Kendal a n d Roselle Knott were s o f a r past t h e i r prime b y the time t h e y arrived i n Coldwater that the local press refused l e d g e t h e m a s s t a r s . M a g g i e M i t c h e l l , a n d Thomas cause o f t h e i r national s t a t u r e , were accorded s t a r b i l l i n g , but l o c a l r e v i e w s commented o n t h e advanced a g e o f b o t h . S o l Smith R u s s e l l , R o l a n d R e e d a n d Denman Thompson r e c e i v e d s t a r b i l l i n g and always appeared t o please t h e i r audiences. V i o l a A l l e n was acknowledged a s a " p a i n s t a k i n g a r t i s t . " T h e local press a l s o w e n t i n t o e c s t a c i e s o v e r Rhea, a French a c t r e s s . Francesca Janauschek appeared i n 1888 and a g a i n i n 1890. W h i l e r e f e r r i n g t o h e r a s " m o t h e r l y, " t h e ledged t h a t h e r performance was t h e "dramatic e v e n t o f t h e season." R o b e r t M a n t e l l , who f o r m e r l y played w i t h Fanny Davenport, a n d John L . S u l l i v a n , t h e b o x e r, were mantic a c t o r s . O t i s Skinner appeared i n 1900. Most c o n c e r t s h e l d a t t h e T i b b i t s w e r e s p o n s o r e d b y the Y. M . C . A . o r l o c a l c h u r c h g r o u p s . A t various times the Opera House h o u s e d P e m e n y i , t h e v i o l i n i s t ; t h e J o h n P h i l l i p Sousa B a n d ; t h e C h i c a g o M a r i n e B a n d ; a n d t h e B o s t o n L a d i e s �14 Symphony O r c h e s t r a . F o r t h e most p a r t , however, c o n c e r t s consisted o f v o c a l entertainments o r chamber groups. The t h e a t r e a l s o p r o v i d e d s p a c e f o r l e c t u r e s . T h e Y. M . C . A . s p o n s o r e d a l e c t u r e c o u r s e m o s t y e a r s w h i c h i n c l u d e d both speakers and musical entertainments. W h e n interest i n l e c t u r e s began t o wane around 1897 b o t h Manager Jackson and St. Agatha's Guild sponsored a course. H o w e v e r, b y 1900 t h e press r e p o r t e d t h a t w h i l e C o l d w a t e r audiences demanded t h e best t a l e n t o f minimum p r i c e t h e p l a t f o r m t h e y were o n l y o f amateurs and people o f Minstrels were popular i n the willing to pay the mediocrity. c i t y until the turn of the c e n t u r y when t h e b e t t e r companies adopted a v a u d e v i l l e foremat and t h e l e s s e r companies t r i e d to keep a d r i f t with scenic sensations such as t h e p i n k v a l o u r palace one company advertised. B y 1900 t h e m i n s t r e l shows were f o r c e d t o t a k e second p l a c e t o t h e m o r e p o p u l a r v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . During t h e heyday o f m i n s t r e l s y, however, t h e T i b b i t s housed such companies a s F r o h m a n ' s C a l l e n d e r M i n s t r e l s , H a v e r l y ' s Minstrels, H i Henry's Superb Operatic Minstrels, and A l G. Fields Minstrels. Va r i e t y and v a u d e v i l l e a c t s gained p o p u l a r i t y. Humpty Dumpty c o m p a n i e s f i r s t T h e came t o Coldwater i n aroused l i t t l e enthusiasm. W h e n t h e y r e t u r n e d d u r i n g J a c k s o n ' s management t h e y r e c e i v e d a much h e a r t i e r welcome. B y the end o f t h e century vaudeville was f i r m l y entrenched i n t h e e n t h u s i a s m s o f t h e p u b l i c . T h e O p e r a House �142 housed a c t s f r o m P a s t o r ' s , K e i t h ' s , P r o c t o r ' s , Hammerstein's, and K o s t e r a n d B i a l ' s t h e a t r e s i n New Yo r k . M a n y legitimate dramas f e a t u r e d v a u d e v i l l e d u r i n g a c t b r e a k s a n d b e f o r e a n d a f t e r t h e show. The O p e r a H o u s e a l s o s e r v e d a s a political orators, a ballroom, the site rallying place f o r f o r w r e s t l i n g matches, receptions, conventions, reunions and funerals. T w o h i b i t s were housed i n the Ti b b i t s and High ment w a s a n a n n u a l e v e n t . M a n y C o l d w a t e r p e o p l e c a u g h t their f i r s t glimpse and p a r t i c i p a t e d o f "Delsartian posings" a t i n t h e advancement f r o m s t e r e o p t i c a n t o t h e vivograph graphophone which heralded t h e advent o f tion pictures. Amateur t h e a t r i c a l s remained p o p u l a r t h r o u g h o u t t h e s t u d y, a v e r a g i n g a b o u t t w o p e r y e a r. M o s t o f the dramatic presentations by local talent featured large casts, music, and a g r e a t d e a l o f spectacle. I n addition, local talent also presented concerts, and v a r i e t y and ments. M o s t o f these shows were sponsored b y l o c a l c l u b s o r lodges. T h e Andrews Choral Union, organized d u r i n g Jackson's management, made a n a t t e m p t t o " g o p r o f e s s i o n a l . " Conclusions From 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 t h e T i b b i t s O p e r a H o u s e f u n c t i o n e d a s Coldwater's c u l t u r a l center. A n examination o f t u r a l p l a n shows t h a t w h i l e t h e T i b b i t s was a n e l e g a n t and �14 modern Opera House i t also had the b u i l t - i n house c o n c e r t s , r e c i t a l s , m i n s t r e l s , v a r i e t y tures, dances, wrestling, unions, conventions, a r t p o l i t i c a l rallies, e x h i b i t s , dance companies, marionette shows, a n i m a l a c t s a n d a w i d e v a r i e t y o f ment. In fact, n e a r l y 1/3 o f the a c t i v i t i e s housed i n the f a c i l i t y were n o t professional dramas. ( S e e Appendix I I , Ta b l e # 4 . ) T h e p r i v a t e l y owned i n s t i t u t i o n was c o n t i n u o u s l y adapted t o p u b l i c need. With the l i t e r a t u r e presently available t h e r e ' s no way t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r C o l d w a t e r a n d t h e T i b b i t s que o r not. I t ' s c l e a r , however, t h a t the town's geographical location hastened the construction o f the r a i l lines which brought a l m o s t e v e r y company t r a v e l i n g between D e t r o i t a n d Chicago i n t o t h e t o w n . P e r h a p s more i m p o r t a n t l y, C o l d w a t e r ' s crossroads l o c a t i o n meant a constant i n f l u x o f who l e n t a c o s m o p o l i t a n m i e n t o t h e c o m m u n i t y . T h e Tibbits Opera House w a s n e v e r t h r e a t e n e d b y t h e r e l i g i o u s c o n s e r v a t i s m which Marshall Cassady found i n his study of professional theatre i n Salem, Ohio. A l t h o u g h C o l d w a t e r was a w e a l t h y c o m m u n i t y, nessmen w e r e n o t willing t o i n v e s t l a r g e sums i n the theatre. Thus, t h e p a t r o n a g e o f B a r t S . T i b b i t s a n d Joseph not be minimized. U n t i l t h e J a c k s o n management, t h e t h e a t r e was u n a b l e t o f u n c t i o n w i t h o u t p a t r o n a g e . T h r o u g h b o t h d e s i r e to p r o v i d e a community c e n t e r and personal p r i d e i n �14 ship o f such an e d i f i c e , b o t h Tibbits and an e n t e r p r i s e w h i c h was n o t a c o m m e r c i a l s u c c e s s . Coldwater was dependent upon t h e managers o f Detroit and Chicago theatres the f o r most o f the p l a y s panies t h a t appeared a t t h e T i b b i t s . T h u s , the ence w a s u n a b l e t o v i e w a s m a n y r e a l i s t i c p l a y s a s t h e y m a y have l i k e d . H o w e v e r , b u s i n e s s m e n o f t e n g u a r a n t e e d p e r f o r m a n c e s so t h a t l o c a l p e o p l e m i g h t see t h e most p o p u l a r shows a n d a c t o r s , a n d , d u r i n g t h e J a c k s o n management, t h e C o l d w a t e r c i t i z e n s o f t e n p a i d more f o r living in their tickets than theatregoers D e t r o i t and Chicago so t h a t t h e y might have t h e convenience o f v i e w i n g good drama i n t h e i r own t o w n . F i n a l l y, t h e c i t i z e n s saw no l i m i t a t i o n s on the use of the theatre. T h i s helped t o s u s t a i n t h e Opera House d u r i n g a p e r i o d when t h e T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate and l o c a l a p a t h y were destroying most s m a l l town theatres. the T i b b i t s h a s f a l l e n I n into disuse during fact, the only time i t s t o r y was a p e r i o d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 4 0 ' s and 5 0 ' s when i t longer needed as a movie t h e a t r e . D u r i n g was no the 20's t i o n o f t h e b u i l d i n g became s p e c i a l i z e d a s a m o t i o n p i c t u r e theatre f o r the f i r s t time. W h e n the need f o r one a c t i v i t y n o l o n g e r e x i s t e d , t h e b u i l d i n g use. T o d a y , returned t o f e l l t h e T i b b i t s Opera House h a s been r e s t o r e d a n d i t s earlier multiplicity of fun-Aion. i n t h e 1 . s t t r i o d e c a d e s o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t . u r y. integral payt o f t h c c o m m u n i t y. i t i s A s i t waF,.. again an �14. In f u r t h e r studies on small town theatres emphasis should be placed on a l l o f the a c t i v i t i e s housed w i t h i n the theatre and not j u s t professional theatrical American t h e a t r e h i s t o r y moves o u t necessary t o activity. o f New Yo r k C i t y A s i t becomes i d e n t i f y the small town's unique q u a l i t i e s . Since 1 9 t h c e n t u r y New Yo r k t h e a t r e s a n d m o s t atres specialize i n the production of live stage plays, there is a tendency t o measure s m a l l town 1 9 t h c e n t u r y t h e a t r e s against t h i s standard. town i t s u n i q u e p l a c e S u c h a practice denies the small i n American theatre h i s t o r y. Studies o n s m a l l t o w n Opera Houses w i l l invaluable t o o l f o r research into theatrical should a l s o p r o v i d e a n a d d i t i o n a l p o i n t of the century stars. A t circuits. T h e y o f view o n many t u r n present, o u r view o f them i s based almost e n t i r e l y o n New Yo r k t h e a t r i c a l The g r e a t e s t v a l u e provide an o f activities. this study is that lishes a view o f a 19th century small town theatre i n terms o f i t s own m e r i t r a t h e r t h a n a g a i n s t a New Yo r k C i t y m e a s u r i n g stick. I t has been demonstrated t h a t mary f u n c t i o n o f i n addition to providing a space f o r professional drama, the T i b b i t s Opera House a l s o s e r v e d a s a community c u l t u r a l center. T h e patronage o f two individuals and Coldwater's need f o r a c o m m u n i t y t h e a t r e s u s t a i n e d t h e s m a l l t o w n o p e r a house. �Guide t o t h e Appendices Appendix A i n c l u d e s , when a v a i l a b l e , t h e d a t e o f e a c h theatrical activity, the t i t l e o f e a c h e n t e r t a i n m e n t , t h e name o f t h e p l a y w r i g h t , t h e name o f t h e company a n d t h e names o f the l e a d i n g p e r f o r m e r s . S o m e t i m e s i n f o r m a t i o n i s i n c o m p l e t e , h o w e v e r, a l l a v a i l a b l e information w i l l be included t o show that t h e t h e a t r e was i n use. after a play's f i r s t T h e playwright F o r was only o r adapter as the i n s t a n c e , when The Counte o f Monte C r i s t o was p e r f o r m e d i n 1 9 0 4 , t h e Dumas, f i l s listed appearance a t the Tibbits Often t h e newspapers l i s t e d a t r a n s l a t o r playwright. i s listed. I n original playwright, Alexandre 1866, a play entitled was c r e d i t e d t o C h a r l e s A . F e c h t e r . P r o b a b l y t h e s e w e r e t h e same p l a y s a n d F e c h t e r w a s t h e t r a n s l a t o r . conjecture o n t h e w r i t e r ' s p a r t , however, appear i n the daybook exactly as l i s t e d S i n c e a l l t h i s must be playwrights w i l l i n the Coldwater papers. Appendix B p r o v i d e s t h r e e indexes t o t h e daybook. Ta b l e 1 a l p h a b e t i c a l l y l i s t s leading performers and the dares of t h e i r appearances a t t h e T i b b i t s f r o m 1882-1904. T a b l e lists the plays and the dates o f from 1882-194. Ta b l e 2 t h e i r production i n Coldwater 3 provides an alphabetical l i s t i n g of companie,3 a n d t h e d a t e s t h e y p e r f o r m e d a t t h e O p e r a H o u s e . chart d e t a i l i n g the incidence o f each type o f e n t e r t a n m e e t all° includd i n t h i s Appendix. 14 A ie �147 Appendix C i n c l u d e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d a t a o n tion o f the Tibbits too extensive t o include i n the text. T h e f u l l Coldwater Republican account o f t h e new t h e a t r e cluded. Appendix D p r o v i d e s a n a c c o u n t o f t h e cation. I t a l s o i n c l u d e s o t h e r newspaper a r t i c l e s w h i c h were too l o n g t o i n c l u d e i n t h e body o f t h e s t u d y. A p p e n d i x tains a photograph o f t h e Ti b b i t s facade i n t h e 19th century and o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t �AM! APPENDIX A T I B B I T S OPERA HOUSE DAYBOOK 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company Leading Perform '382 Sep. 15 Local Ta l e n t Concert Sep. 21 Maid o f A r r a n Sep. 22 Muid o f A r r a n Sep. 2 7 - 9 Oct. I Cheek Oct. 2 Reception Oct. 9 Oct.. 10 Cwt. 17 Scrops Oct. 21 The D r u n k a r d ' s Daughter Oct. '2 ?A Opera House Orchestra Louis F. B a n n i s Maid o f A r r a n Combination Roland R Boston O p e r a t i c Minstrels Horton J and w i f e Jolly Pathfinders Josie Si J. N . Re Scott Marble Callenders New Colored M i n s t r e l s P o l i t i c a l Speech (D. F r o h manag.) Gen. Wm. son �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Program Playwright Company William G i l l e t t e Madison Square Thea. C o . Oct. 26 Esmeralda Oct. 30 "Illuminated bles i n F o r e i g n Lands" can N o v. 2 N o v. 3 P o l i t i c a l Speech N o v. 4 Black Crook N o v. 11 The W o r l d N o v. 16 A Messinger from Jarvis Section N o v. 20 Tw e n t y T h o u s a n d Pounds N o v. 24 Only a Farmer's Daughter N o v. 28 M'Liss o r, The Child o f the Sierras Leading Performe Viola All H a r t w i g -Seeman Combination Thatcher, rose & West Minstrels H. C . H o d Charles M. B a r r a s Maxwell Combination Joseph F Wheelock Agnes H e r n d o n Combination Andrew Wa l d r o n Joseph F Wheelock Herndon Jennie C C. W . C h �- T i t l e o r Type of Program Dat Playwright Company Opera House dancing p a r t y Ranch 1 0 Dec. 2 1 Opera House dancing p a r t y Dec. 2 3 Our M o t h e r A. 0 . M i l l e r Combination Dec. 2 5 The H i d d e n H a n d A. 0 . M i l l e r Combination 1883 Jan. 4 Opera House dancing p a r t y Jan. 9 Opera House dancing p a r t y Jan. 11 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n G e o r g e A i k e n Smith's Double U n c l e To m ' s Cabin Co. Jan. 1 Our I n f a n t Harrison Combination 5 Jan. 1 6 The S p a n i s h Students Leading Perform �Dute T i t l e o r Type of Program Playwright Company Leading Perform New O r l e a n s Minstrels Jan. 2 4 Feb. 1 Opera House dancing p a r t y Feb. 2 The G i r l Feb. 6 Rooms t o R e n t I Love E l l i o t t Wm. H . gerald, Rams d e n Barnes Ensign Comedy Co. Sadie Jo Feb. 1 3 The S w e d i s h L a d y Quartette Eda E l i e (Elocut Feb. 2 6 Baird's Minstrels M a r. 1 3 Fanchon M a r. 2 0 Mascotte M a r. 2 8 Masquerade Party M a r. 3 0 Apr. 1 Lecture " C r u e l t y to A n i m a l s " Maggie M Fay Te m p l e t o n Star Opera Co. Fay Te m Seth Cra Haverly's Minstrels Haverly $10,000 dogs Edwin Le (Lectur �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Program P l a y w r i g h t A p r. 3 Hazel K i r k Steele Mackaye A p r. 9 Richard William peare Thomas Keene Apr. 1 4 Fogg's F e r r y C. E . C a l a h a n Carrie S Apr. 2 3 La B e l l e R u s s e David Belasco Jeffreys J. Newto sold I I I a d i Company n g Perform Madison S q u a r e Theatre Co. Laura A l E. L . port, J r Helen P (Elocut Apr. 2 4 May 3 Humpty Dumpty May 7 To n y D e n i e r C o . Duprez d i c t --Famous gantic Minstrels May 2 5 May 3 1 June 2 Camilla (violin Photos Harrison Combination Callendars Minstrels �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company Leading Performe 41 June 8 Shiel Agar juiy 3 Local Ta l e n t Show Morris-Sullivan Combination Miss A l i c (vocalis July 4 July 13 State's Attorney John D i l l July 22 Lecture "The Origin o f the Aborigines o f North America" Allen Tib Esq. ( l e c Aug. 2 4 - 2 5 O n e o f the Finest Gus W i l l i Joseph Bradford Prof. Mo trained d Aug. 2 9 J. W. B u D a i s y Ram Sep. 1 1 A Diamond Mystery E l l i o t or, T h e G i r l I Love Sep. J - 4 Fun i n a D o . L i d i n g School John E . I n c e M u s i c a l Comedy Co. Messinger from Jarvis Section McAuley Combination Sep. 1 7 A Barnes John E . I Alice Ba �Date T i t l e o r Type of Program Playwright Company Leading Performe OP Sep. 2 6 Fogg's F e r r y Bella Moore Combination Bella Mo Sep. 2 7 Pygmallion & Galatea Bella Moore Combination Bella Mo Sep. 2 8 Nan t h e for-Nothind Bella Moore Combination Bella Mo Morrison & H a l l ' s Gigantic solidated strels Oct. 5 Oct. 1 3 The F r o l i c s of a Day Frank M a j i l t o n Combination Oct. 2 2 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Draper's Double Mammoth U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . Oct. 2 3 "Grand C o n c e r t " Local Ta l e n t Oct. 2 7 .Scraps Rentfrow bination ( J o l l y Pathfinders) Oct. 3 0 A Bunch o f Keys or, T h e H o t e l N o v. 8 Concert C h a r l e s H. Hoyt & W i l l i e Edouin Thomas L i Julia Da L. C . H i g Flora Mo E. L . W a Remenyi ist) �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company H. A . Co. D'Arcy Leading Performe Bertha W N o v. 24 The H u n c h b a c k N o v. 29 The B a n k e r ' s Daughter Dec. 7 Concert Clara Lo logg ( c o Dec. 8 Humpty Dumpty Dec. 21 Pique J. R . Ad George A Jane Coo Dec. 28 Karl Jan. 1 Our Summer Boarders Jan. 10 Opera H o u s e dancing p a r t y Jan. 1 L i t t l e M u f f e Ts Jan. 19 Local Ta l e n t Bronson Howard Augustin Daly Union Square Th. C o . Jane Coombs Combination Charles A . G a r d n e r Cornbination Charles Gardner, To s a 1/3W E l l i o t t Barnes Madelon Andrew Wa l d r o n Jennie C St. C e c i l i a Musicale �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company Ellen Price Wood Charles Watkins F i f t h Avenue Combination Jan. 23 East Lynne Jan. 25 Masquerade Party Jan. 31 Olivette Wilbur Opera Co. Feb. 5 Musical novelty The O r i g i n a l Spanish Students Feb. 15 Local Ta l e n t Butterworth Post, G.A.R. Feb. 16 A Mountain Pink Feb. 22 Che Feb. 25 The M a r. 3 Interviews M a r. 12 Grand J u v i n i l e Musical Festival M a r. 18 My P a r t n e r Leading Performer Ada G r a y D. W . R o b J. J . Hay Laura D a i Frank Aih Edwyn B a r r o n Morgan B a t e s Roland Re Maggie M i f Milton No Milton Nobles McGibney Family Bartley Campbell Aldrich and Parsloe bination Louis A l d Charles T Parsloe �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe ••• Edward H a r r i g a n M. W . H a n l e y C o . M a r. 2 5 McSorley's Inflation A p r. 5 Alvin Juslin A p r. 8 Edgewood F o l k s Apr. I 4 Nobody's C l a i m A p r. 2 4 iolanthe Wilbur Opera Co. Cora E . F May 2 7.20.8 A r t h u r Rehan Combination Augustin (directo May 5 Friend and Foe Alvin Joslin Comedy C o . Charles Sol S m i t Wm. J . Bartley Campbell May 10 S Baird's Minstrels May 1 3 Benefit formance Mendelssohn Quintette Club May 1 7 - 1 8 "The R e f o r m e d law" l e c t u r e and panarama Hildebrand's Illustrated Exposition May 3 0 The T h r e e W i d o w s A. O . M i l l e r Combination June 6 Fritz i n Ireland J . K . Emmett & Carleton J. K . Em �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Data Playwright Company Leading Performe Hi H e n r y ' s Minstrels June 18 Aug. 24 "What S h a l l We D o To B e S a v e d ? " Lecture Sep. 1 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Sep. 3 Ranch 1 0 Harry Meredith Sid Smith Edwin A r n Sep. 12 The J e r s e y m a n B. M c A u l e y B. M c A u l e Sep. 15 The I r i s h Minstrel W. J . S c a Sep. 22 Yv o n n e Rhea Oct. 9 Political Meeting Senator C S. M . C u t Oct. 3 Wrinkles N o v. 10 Joshua comb N o v. 22 A Mountain Pink I d a H u t te Boston I d e a l Uncle To m ' s Cabin C o . Watson's Comedy Co. Denman Thompson Denman Thompson Laura E . �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date N o v. 2 6 Dt3C 2 Dec. 8 " P e c u l i a r People" Y. M . C . A . L e c t u r e Course L o c J a l Ta l e n t Musical Entertainment C o n c e r t C h L o a S i c Leading Performe Company h d t a g o Redpath Concert Co. n i B. G e s . E l l a l i o Mark a n (wh soloist) Y. M . C . A . Lecture Course Dec. 1 9 P o e t r y Reading Y. M . C . A . Dec. 2 2 H u m b u d J . W. R i l e y J. W. R i Roland R 1881 Jan. 8 K e r r y Gow F JH.n. 2 9 The C r i m e s o f London Feb. 1 3 P o e t - - Y. M . C . A . Lecture Course r e d Marsden J. S . Mu James W h Riley �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Playwright Feb. 1 4 The G a l l e y S l a v e Bartley Campbell Company Leading Performe Marjorie Edward R Local Ta l e n t Feb. 1 9 - 2 1 A n d e r s o n v i l l e o r , the S c o u t ' s L a s t Shot Feb. 2 3 - 2 8 23rd-Shadows o f a Life 24th-Hazel K i r k 25th- R i p Va n Winkle 26th-Ingomar 27th-Confusion 28th-French Spy Waite's Union Square Comedy C o . J. W . C a James W a Cora N e i Joseph son Maria L o v e l l T. S . J a c k M a r. 1 "Spiritualism" Y. M . C . A . L e c t u r e Course Anna E v a J. C . He D. L . Hu M a r. 3 Lecture Y. M . C . A . L e c t u r e Course Stuart R M a r. 5 - 7 5th-Shadows o f a Life 6th-Iwromar 7th-Solon Shingle (matinee) 7th-Enoch Arden Waite's Union Square Comedy C o . �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Date Playwright Company Leading Performe M a r. 9 Wrestling match J. H . M c L Andre C h r M a r. 10 Wrestling match J. H . M c L L. L . B u r M a r. 12 Romany R y e E. M . G o t t h o l d Co. C. H a n d y s J. A . Owe M a r. 16-17 16th-The O c t o r o o n 17th-My G e r a l d i n e Mortimer & Weaver S t a r Dramatic Co. Bessie Ta M a r. 28 & 3 0 Ilimpty Dumpty George H . Adams Co. A p r. 4 Kinks Stevens' O p e r a t i c Comedy C o . A p r. 6 Romeo a n d Juliet A p r. 13-14 The K i n d e r crarten A p r. 17-18 "The A r t i c " ture w i t h o p t i c a n Y. M . C . A . Lecture Course William S Evelyn F o . William Shakespeare Robt. G . M o r r i s A l W. F e l Ye a m a n - M a c y C o . L y d i a Ye a Stanley M Herbert W Leach �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date A p r. 2 0 - 2 5 W a i t e Company ' Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s Union Square Comedy C o . 20th-Carrotts 21st-Inshavogue 22nd- T h e Shadows of Life 23rd-Caste 2 4 t h - R i p Va n W i n k l e 25th-The French Spy Confusion A p r. 2 9 May 6 Rose E y t i F e l i c i a T May 8 - 9 h T May 1 5 e h Banker's Daughter e Chimes o f Normandy Macbeth W Local Ta l i l l May 1 8 - 2 3 a m Shakespeare Thomas K e Owen F a w c e t t Comedy C o . 1801- M a r r i e d 19th-Dodginc 20th-Kiss i n Dark 21st- M a r r i e d 22nd- K i s s i n Dark 23rd-Dodginc May 2 0 i Life the Life the R e u n i o n o f Loomis H a t t e r y �f T i t l e o r Ty p e Entertainment Date o May 2 5 F r i e n d May 2 7 - 2 8 G H June 2 6 J o s e p h July 6 i V and Foe e June 2 5 P l a y w r i g h t C o m p a n y W o r Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s . g i a J . Sca Minstrels g h School Commencement Henning purchases Opera House e s July 16 Wrestling Match Aug. 1 2 Opera House Dance P a r t y Aug. 2 9 Trained Dogs Sep. 3 Six Peas i n a Pod Sep. 1 8 Boxing Match c e l i u s Opera A l f r e d L . and C o n c e r t E d w a r d J. Company F r e d Roth John T y l e John R i g g Prof. Cas B l a n c h Em a Rentfrow's Combination Jack C o l l John Lawr �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date P l a y w r i g h t Company Sep. 21-26 21st- C o l l e e n Hawn D i o n D o u c i c a u l t 22nd- M o s e l l e 23rd-The Shadows of Life 2 4 t h - R i p Va n W i n k l e 2 6 t h - Te n N i g h t s i n a W i l l i a m W. Dar Room P r a t t matinee) The H i d d e n H a n d Waite Combination Sep. 28 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Maxwell's Combination Oct. 6 Nip and Tuck Bessie's Burglar H a r r y Webber Co. Oct. 9 Dolly's Luck Pauline Markham Co. Oct. 11 Martha Emma A b b o t t Grand O p e r a C o . 0,•t. 20 Mikado Oct. 24 N o v. N o v. 11 G i l b e r t & Sullivan Leading Performe H a r r y We Carrie W Thompson O p e r a Co. A. W . Collin Lester & Allen's Minstrels John L . S (prize fi Nobody's C h i l d Francis Labadies Combination A Wife's Honor Marston Co. Lawrence Lillian D �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s N o v. 26 The L i t t l e N u g g e t s H o r a c e D u m a r s Sisson Combination Oscar Siss Josie Siss Dec. 1 The B o h e m i a n Burleigh Combination Dec. 4 The K i n d e r g a r t e n Dec. 8 Golden H a i r and the T h r e e Bears Dec. 12 Mugg's L a n d i n g Dec. 14-19 Local Ta l e n t Francis B Egbert Dramatic Co. 1 4 t h - Tw o O r p h a n s 15th-The B a n k e r ' s Daughter 16th- Q u e e n ' s E v i d e n c e 17th- R i s e n f r o m t h e Ashes 18th-Frow-Frow 19th- E a s t Ly a n e (matinee) Queen's Evidence 1886 Jan. 1 3 Si P e r k i n s , o r The E . A . L o c k e Girl I Left Behind Me Frank Jones Co. K a t e Glas �nnte T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Jan. i 4 Masquerade B a l l Jan. 1 9 Shane-na-Lawn Jan. ? ) Sully's Corner Grocery Jan. 2 6 A P a r l o r Match Jan. 2 8 - 3 0 Trained Horses Feb. 3 Skipped b y t h e Liplit o f t h e Moon a d i C o m p a n y n g P e r f o r m e r ( W. J . S c a Lester & Williams Co. Prof Cro Fowler & Warmington's C o . Vol). 1 6 Ida Siddons Burlesque & Specialty Co. Mir. 11 Humbug M a r. 1 7 Sj be ci a Wir. 2 2 - 2 3 A r t Show P h o t o ' s and P a i n t i n g s o f war-scenes M a r. 2 9 Malta R e v e l l e ' s Female M i n s t r e l s A p r. 8 Felix McKusick Roland Reed Co. Harry Co Ned W e s t R o l a n d Re Emily Kea Bartley Campbell Liza Web S o l Smit �Date A p r. 1 2 A p r. 2 8 May 3 o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t R e a d i n g s Tr a g e d y T w o from Dans H L e c t u r e June 2 Mich. P r e s s Asso. M e e t i n g June 1 3 - 1 6 Bohemian G i r l June 2 4 High S c h o o l Commencement J u l y. 3 Opera House Dance P a r t y G o w a e o r d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( s o t r h R g Local Ta l e n t J. W. C a r n e r Combination 30th-My P a r t n e r 31st-Inshavogue lst-Widow Bedott 2nd- E n o c h A r d e n 3rd-Monte C r i s t o C h a r l e s 4 t h - R i p Va n W i n k l e A. Fechter C. l s Comedy & S p e c i a l t y Co. . Aug. ) 0 Sep. 4 e F. Tr e (Grand L e National Knights o �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Sep. 6 - 8 6th-Monte C r i s t o Sep. 9 - 1 0 Sanitary Convention a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( s J. W. C a r n e r Combination Edwin Browne Dramatic Co. Sep. 1 3 Dion B o u c i c a u l t J. C . P o d g e t t C o . Sep. 1 8 The L o n g S t r i k e Sop. 2 0 - 2 5 2 0 t h - L o r l e y, o r the A r t i s t s ' D r e a m Waite Comedy C o . Oct. 1 Neck a n d N e c k E. T . Oct. 4 Lady o f Ly o n s Oct. 5 Patent R i g h t Oct. 7 - 9 Edward Lytton Adelaide M Amy G o r d o n C a s i n o Opera C o . Girofla 8th-Mikado 9th-Grand Duchess (matinee) Queen's Lace Handkerchief S i l v e r King C. Pod Stetson Co. 7th- Oct. 1 4 J . Wiggins C o . �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 2 1 Political Rally Oct. 2 2 Faust a n d Marguerite Oct. 2 8 Lynwood N o v. 1 Three B l a c k Cloaks Leading Performe Company G o v. A l g e Robert F Lewis M o r r i s o n A l s b e r g - M o r r i son Shakesperian Co. Maud G r a Thompson 's Opera C o . N o v. 4 - 6 Hoop o f G o l d C o . N o v. 1 6 The S t r e e t s o f New Y o r k Gaspard Maeder N o v. 1 9 The W h i t e S l a v e Bartley Campbell N o v. 2 4 Ranch Te n Dec. 1 Conrad Dick Gorman Comedy C o l Dec. 8 Jack Cade Collier's Lights Edmund O'London Co. Dec. I ) Fast Lynne Dec. 2 0 George face Cold Fire Dep D i c k Gorm C Ada G r a y Duprez a n d Benedict Minstrels �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i Company P e n r f Dec. 2 5 L o c a l Ta l e n t Coldwater teur Minstrels Dec. 2 8 I Comedians Harrigan's ists Dec. 2 9 - 3 0 r i s h A l v i n g o r m e r ( Charles L Joslin 1887 Jan. 3 O n Jan. 4 l y a Farmer's Daughter Marion Ab Phenix Jan. 1 4 W. J . Jan. 1 8 Local Ta l e n t Coldwater teur Minstrels Jan. 1 9 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Abbey's Uncle To m C o m b i n a t i o n Feb. 4 Out o f B o n d a g e Donavin's Musical Comedy C o . S a Feb. 1 0 - 1 2 T h e Feb. 2 6 l C i o Union Spy Sca H y e r s Sis m Lucas Wallace K Local Ta l e n t Bartley Campbell J o h n L. B �T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s Al G. F i e l d & Co. United Operatic Minstrels M a r. 1 1 M a r, 1 4 - 1 9 T a v e r n i e r matic Co. 14th-Queena 15th- H a z e l K i r k e 16th-The P r i v a t e Secretary 17th-The M i g h t y Do Liar itith-CLAre, and the Folge M a s t e r 19th-Oneena ( m a t i n e e ) The D a n i t e s J o a q u i n Miller The D e v i l ' s tion e r, t h e Go ]den B r a n c h Mai. 2 3 A p r. 8 F l Apr. 1 5 U n c l e Ap.u. 2 9 H . M . S . May 9 - 1 0 o r To m ' s C a b i n L e c t u r e Pinafore e D n r a G i l b e r t and Sullivan c p e L e Bindley Combination r o c ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . a l Ta l e n t George S . �Date o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t May 1 6 June 8 H L i t l e June 3 1 H Aug. 1 3 L i t t l e Aug. 1 7 H Aug. 2 2 - 2 7 i t i a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s i Henry's Minstrels Nuggets g h School Commencement Nugget S i s s o n s & Cawthorne C o . g h School Reunion E d w a r d Souther's Co. Sep. 5 - 7 M u s i c a l novelty L o v e n b e r g Family Museum C o . Sep. 1 9 - 2 0 Boston Comic Opera C o . Sep. Oct. 1 Dainty-Bennett Comedy C o . 26th-Divorce lst-Fanchon (;WFri7e) A Mountain Pink �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Date Playwright Company Leading Performer Aiden Ben Monte C r i s t o Oct. 7 Oct. 14-15 Bijou Opera Co. Oct. 24-29 Rentfrow's J o l l y Pathfinders 24th-Scraps Local Ta l e n t N o v. 3-5 The U n i o n S p y N o v. 9 Keep i t N o v. 1 N o v. 24-25 Virginius James S h e r i d a n Knowles N o v. 30 L i t t l e Tycoon Willard Spencer Dec. 5 Hans, t h e German D e t e c t i v e Bad B o y Frank Davidson Dec. 10 Dec. 16 Marked f o r Dec. 17 "Local Option vs. High License" R e v. G e o r vens ( l e c Dec. 20 Lone, o r the A r t i s t ' s Dream Maggie M i Dark George H o e y Pauline M Edmund C o The Te m p l e Theatre Co. Hardy & Yo u n g ' s Bad B o y C o . Life Sid C. Fra �Date o T i t l e o r Type Entertainment f L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( 1888 Jan. 4 Rice & Shepard Minstrels Jan. 1 6 B e w i t c h e d Sol Smith Jun. 2 7 My A u n t B r i d g e t Jan. 3 0 Samil o f Posen Feb. 1 Leap Ye a r B a l l G e o r g e Monroe John R i c e Feb. 2 - 4 Boston Comic Opera C o . 2nd- T h e M a s c o t 1rd-Olivette 4th-Mikado Feb. 7 9 Feb. 1 3 T'eb. 1 5 C o n c e r t U n " c A l e The NOSS To m ' s C a b i n n Evening o f Dickens" T r i x i e E S t L . e o D. t s c S t a i r o n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . a T r l i Ta l e n t x i e Comedy Co. J e s E d w i n s i e Ha Bo �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Feb. 1 7 Meg M e r i l l e s reb. 2 9 A Cold Day or,, the L a p l a n d e r s M a r. I M a r. 6 M a n d o l i n " J o h n Janausc J o s e p h & guitar Royal Spanish Tr o u b a d o r s R A M a r. 2 8 - 3 1 T h e R e v l N a i a d Queen A p r. 1 6 - 2 1 Arthur & Jonathan" M a r. 7 Leading Perform C o m p a n y L o . Ro Nourse ( G. Field's Minstrels o y c a l a l Ta l e n t Court Comedy C o . J . W. C a 16th- U n c l e Reuben May 1 In t h e Swim May 2 - 3 T e m p l e Theatre Operatic Co. Higgins & Keane's Dramatic I d e a l s 2nd- B u r r O a k s 3rd- N i g h t Watch May 8 S h a w n Rhire May 1 9 S h a n e - n a - L a w n J. S . Mu W. J . S c �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Date L e Playwright a P d i C r o mfp a noy e r June 1 5 - 1 6 " E n g a g e d b y W. S . Gilbert" Local Ta l e n t Sep. 1 9 Alba Heywood Concert Co. Oct. 4 Oct. 1 2 R e c i t a t i o n s and instrumental music P o l i t i c a l M i c h a e l N o v. 2 4 N o v. 2 8 3 g e lecture Strogoff r ( s Anna E . son ( l e c C h a r l e s F. To w l e A n d r e w s Co. Oct. 1 3 N o v. 5 n m McNish, Ramza & Arno's Minstrels P o l i t i c a l Lecture Adell Ha F a t h e r l a n d " D Charles Sidney R r . Jekyl and M r. H y d e " R e v. R o b (imperso M u r t h Ado About W i l l i a m No t h i n S h a k e s p e a r e Rhea Dec. 1 0 - 1 5 Florence Hamilton Tr o u p e 10th- O l i v e r Tw i s t 13th-My Husband 1 4 n -1- F u r n i s h e d R o o m s !lac. 1 9 The S h a m r o c k E d w i n Ha �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe 1889 Jan. 3 "Russia and t h e Romanoffs" Lecture optican Jan. 4 M r. C . E (lecture Rice & Shepard Minstrels Jan. 8 L i t t l e Nugget Jan. 3 1 Shamus O ' B r i e n Feb. 5 Musical tainment Feb. "The M a n w i t h the Musket, o r Soldiering i n Dixie" Feb. 2 0 A Possible Case M a r. 4 - 9 Sisson & Cawthorn L i t t l e Nugget Co. Charles Verner Harvard Quartette R e v. R o b McIntyre (lecture J. M. H i l l ' s Union Square Co. Ida Va n C o r t l a n d Co. The T a v e r n i e r s 4 t h - P y g m a l i o n 8e7 Galatea C a r r i e E elocutio �Drate T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe 5th-J.L.S. 6 t h -Lynwood 7th-Queena 8th- F o r g e t - m e - n o t G e n e v i e v e Ward 9th-Fanchon ( m777=e) Arrah-na-pougue M a r. 1 4 Kippler's tunes M a r. 1 8 Musical tainment M a r. 1 9 Wrestling Match M a r. 2 1 Around t h e Wo r l d i n E i g h t y Days M a r. 2 2 The Ye o m a n o f the Guard M a r. 2 7 "Sunshine" R e v. D r . l i t s (lec A p r. 5 "Camp L i f e i n Eastern Siberia" George K (lecture Apr. 1 7 Monbars Robert M Gus W i l l i Gilbert livan Swedish N a t i o n a l Ladies Concert Co. Edmund T (elocuti James ing James P . Milton R Marie Ha Cecil Ru Nellie M Stetson Opera Co. �Dekte T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t A p r. 2 6 "Across t h e Atlantic" A p r. 3 0 Centennial Exercises Malr 3 Art E x h i b i t "The B a t t l e of Gettysburg" May 9 Concert Company Leading Performe John W. R (vocalis imperson Local Ta l e n t Aug. 2 4 Noss F a m Al. G . F i e l d ' s Minstrels Aug. 2 8 Old Homespun Sep. 6 She George O Edward B a r b o u r Set.). 1 1 - 1 2 Gilbert & Dickson Co. Andrews O p e r a C o . Ilth-Erminie 1201-Tne M a s c o t Sep. 1 4 Labadie-Rowell Co. Sep. 2 5 - 2 6 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Sop. 2 7 Myles A r o o n Oct. 9 Musical entertainment Draper's Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . W. J . S c McGibney F a m i l y �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 2 1 Fubio Romani Alden B e n e d i c t Co. Oct. 2 3 A Possible Case J. M . H i l l Union Square T h e a t r e C o . Oct. 2 5 "For B e t t e r o r Worse; o r L o v e , Courtship riage" Oct. 30-31 The D e v i l ' s M i n e N o v. 5 "In and out o f Andersonville, a chalk t a l k on Prison l i f e " N o v. 6 The F a k i r N o v. 1 2 Company Leading Performe Aiden Be Jahu D e W Miller (lecture Frank W. (lecture Duncan C l a r k ' s Lady M i n s t r e l s a n d New A r a b i a n N i g h t s N o v. 2 8 Trixie L. A . L a Mary Vo k Dec. 3 "On t h e W i n g , o r a Summers F l i g h t Over t h e S e a " D r. A . lits Dec. 1 2 I r o n Ring Ada G r a y �Date o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Dec. 1 4 Concert Doe. 1 6 On t h e H u d s o n Dec. 1 7 B E m e r a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s o n ' s Stars Boston Estelle a r l o w Dec. 2 3 - 2 8 Bros. Minstrels Holden Comedy C o . M a t e S t e Lewis A . 23rd-The Diamond Mystery 28th-A Noble Heroine Dec. 3 0 " R e p r e s e n t a t i o n s from D i c k e n s " Leland P 1890 Jan. 1 . & Hugh Joke John Tho jan. To u r i s t s i n a Pullman C a r Jan. 3 0 La B e l l e M a r i e Agnes H e Feb. 7 Lecture & humor Bob B u r d FPL), 1 4 "Acres o f D i a m o n d s " Russell (lecture M e s t a y e r - V a u g h n �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Feb. 1 5 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Rusco & S w i f t ' s Uncle To m ' s Cabin Co. Feb. 1 7 Concert Boston Symphony F e b . 214_ M a r. 1 Leading Perform Company Augusta Eunice Goodrich Comedy C o . 24th-Pearl o f Savoy 26th-Dad's Boy 1st- C i n d e r e l l a (matinee) 1st- I n n o c e n t S a l t M a r. 7 "The R o s e , S h a m r o c k and T h i s t l e " M a r. 11 "The S t r u g g l e for Chattanooga" John R . (lecture R e v. W a s Gardner M a r. 13 MzAcbeth M a r. 24-25 The P o a c h e r ' s Doom Local Ta l e n t Ktr. 26 Concert Higgins Co. Concert Max. J1 Falka Andrews Opera C o . Janausch Charles Henry H i H. C o r n e �Date A p r. 7 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( Little Lord Fauntleroy b A l e r t a A p r. 2 4 - 2 5 R e c e p t i o n Bishop F A p r. 2 8 - 2 9 Lena L o e M i n d reading A p r. May 1 Helen B l 30th-L'Article 47 1st- M o t h e r ' s L o v e May 7 U n c l e Biram May 2 0 Lights o ' London May 2 1 Wrestling match June 4 Vaudeville June 2 6 High School Commencement June 2 7 - 2 8 Trained h o r s e s and m u l e s Sep. 9 - 1 0 A Barrel of Money Sep. 2 3 Thistledown A. H . W o o d h u l l Whitney Family Shows Prof. B r E. D . S t a i r Comedy C o . Grace Em Jessie B �Date Oct. 7 - 8 T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Playwright Company Concert & Act I I I F a u s t Goethe Abbie C a r r i n g t o n Grand O p e r a C o . Leading Performe Oct. 2 1 The W o r l d Awinst Her Frank Harvey Agnes W a l l a c e Vi l l a Co. Oct. 2 3 - 2 5 Davy C r o c k e t t Frank H i t c h c o c k Murdock Local Ta l e n t & Phil Phillips Co. Oct. 2 8 Political lecture G o v. L u c Oct. 2 9 Political lecture Hon. F r a Dean, H o W. T u r n e N o v. 7 "Sunny S i d e o f Life" D r. Jame (lecture N o v. 1 1 - 1 2 Ben H u r panarama & tableaux N o v. 2 5 Othello William Shakespeare N o v. 2 7 Tw o O r p h a n s Barber D•4e. 1 Dec. 9 Agnes W a Villa Local Ta l e n t Louis Ja Cleveland's Magnificent Minstrels Alvin Josiin Charles �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Dec. 9 Alvin Joslin Dec. 1 0 Vo c a l & instrumental music Ovide M u s i n Concert Co. Dec. 1 2 A Barrel of Money E. D . S t a i r Comedy C o . Company Leading Performe Charles Dec. 1 5 - 2 0 Holden Comedy C o . 15th-Queena 1 6 t h - Tw i x t L o v e and D u t y 17th- J i m , t h e , Penman 20th- L i t t l e Lord Fauntleroy 1891 Jan. 1 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Jan. 6 The D r o o m m a k e r of Carlsbad Jan. 8 Wrestling match „Ian. 9 L i t t l e Nuggets Sutton's Monster Double U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . Isador Whitmark & Fred Hawkins James R e �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Jan. 13 Tmpersonations & Vo c a l Music Leland Po & Wife Jai'. 1 Wanted, t h e Earth John D i l Jan. 1 Crisoa Louisa L Jan. ..b-28 Great M e t r o p o l i s Fob. 3 - 4 Feb. 6 Feb. 1 7 Feb. 1 8 Ma-.. 3 M a r. 1 2 17 A n d 3rd-The P r e t t y P. ) r s i a n 4th-T1ie M a s c o t t plus s i x " s k i r t dancers" L a d i e s quartette " O r a t o r s T h h e Fireman's Wa r d i p o A & Oratory" W r e s t l i n g C r e r i e w l - s T h Opera Co. o m a s Combination Hon. D a n Daughert (lecture 0 11 i e R e match t h e Old Minnie Se �Date o f M a r. 2 3 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t A Cold Day Apr. 6 Concert Arp. 8 "My W a r perience" May 2 1 P e a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( r k T h Local Ta l e n t e County Fair S o c i a l s Carlotta Father C (lecture C. B . J e f f e r s o n , K l a w, a n d E r l a n g e r Co. . 1 • • • • = • • • • = 0 M Sep. 1 5 n MacLennan's R o y a l Edinburgh Concert Co. P a t i e n c e Aug. 3 1 i Session A Oct. 1 - 4 . J . Sprague D . J . Sprague Co. Holden Comedy Co. 1st-Esmeralda 2nd- A M i d n i g h t C a l l 3rd-San Sanson 4th-Forget-me-not Oct. 5..10 R e n t f r o w ' s J o l l y G i p s y Wa Pathfinders C o l e m a n 5th-Fun by Express 10th-The F a s t M a i l Oct. 1 5 C i t y Directory D o n n e l y , R u s s e l l ' s Girard, & Russell Comedians �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Playwright Company A Rocky Mountain Waif Leading Performe Oct. 21 Oct. 27 Oct. 30 Quartette N o v. 6 Evangeline N o v. 11 A Night at Circus N o v. 18 "Saul o f Ta r s u s " George ling (le N o v. 1 New Y o r k D a y by Day Lottie W N o v. 27-28 Dec. 10 Kit, the saw T r a v e l e r Henry Ch Dec. 11 "Backbone" Thomas D Jr. ( l e c Dec. 18 Ole O l s o n Little G Joslyn & F i t z patric Minstrels Local Ta l e n t Schuman L a d y Quartette Rice the Nellie M Baldwin Comedy Co. �Date Dec. 11 T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Playwright Company Myrtle Ferns Joseph C l i f t o n Eunice Goodrich Co. Leading Performe 1892 Jan. Eunice Goodrich Co. 1-2 1st- S i l v e r S p u r 2nd- H o o p o f G o l d Scott Marble Jan. 9 Wanted A H u s b a n d Jan. 12 The F a t M e n ' s Club Jan. 20 Concert McGibeny F a m i l y Jan. 25 Va u d e v i l l e Nye & B u r b a n k Kings o f Pathos & Humor Feb. 1,seb 10 Eunice Goodrich Co. J. C . Stewart B i l l Nye A. L . B u "Wellington & Napoleon" Charles The P r i v a t e Secretary H. R e e v e �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Data Feb. 11 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Feb. 20 "Abraham L i n c o l n " Feb. 23 Paul K a u v a r Feb. 26 Leap Ye a r B a l l Feb. 27 "The L i c e n s e Liquor Tr a ff i c and i t s dant E v i l s " Feb. 29 M a r. 7 Playwright Company Stetson's Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . Robert soll (le Steele Mackaye Eugene R o b i n s o n Co. A. B . L e (lecture Barlow Brothers Spectacular Minstrels Held b y t h e Enfal Leading Perform William Gillette B i l l y Ba James B a Charles Frohman Co. M a r. 15 "Old Ocean, O u r Slave & M a s t e r " plus stereoptican Juno B . (lecture M a r. 30 Uncle Hiram Aaron H. Troja Gr Apr. 7 Concert Redpath C o n c e r t Co. �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Playwright Company Leading Perform Apr. 2 2 Recitations Vocal & instuumental music Mrs. F . thur tionist May 1 1 L i t t l e Nuga2I Herbert Barney Drucie G June 2 3 High School Commencement Sep. 2 6 Oct. 1 Rentfrow's Jolly Pathfinders Oct. 11 A Social Session Oct, 1 7 The W a i f s New Y o r k Oct. 2 4 A Model Husband N o v. 1 Political Rally N o v. 1 6 My P a r t n e r N o v. 1 8 A Night at the Doc. 1 4 o f Lizzie M Imogene John D i l l o n Co. John D i Nellie M C i r c u s "The S i l v e r Crown B o r n Sprague C o . a K i n g " or Russell well (le �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Doc. 28 "Travels torial Africa" Dec. )0-31 Royal ettes Wilbur & Rose Entertainment Co. Jan. 3 Concert Fisk Jubilee Singers Jan. 5 Jun. 27 "Around t h e World i n o- W a r " a l s o stereoptican Feb. 2 Concert Michigan U. Glee a n d B a n j o Club Feb. 11 The F l o w e r Q u e e n Local Ta l e n t Feb. 1 Recitations Feb. 22 Leading Performe Paul Chailler (lecture 189) Dago C o . Concert Blanche Roberts (lecture Retta Ke (elocuti Lotus G l e e C l u b �T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date "Up t h e R h i n e and O v e r t h e A l p s with a knapsack" M a r. 2 2 M a r. 2 9 O p e r a and ballad music June 2 2 H Sep. 5 Sep. 2 0 a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( i A Whitney ridge Co. Whitney ridge g h School Commencement Cracker Jack F a u s t Sep. 2 7 - 2 9 Henry C. (lecture S G o Carol E z Gus W e i n e t t e h e John G r i v e n s cum's Comedy C o . Edwin A . 27th-A W e s t e r n King Oct. 3 The O l d sted Oct. 9 Wrestling Match Oct. 21 The P r e t t y Puritan Oct. 2 6 The P o l i c e P a t r o l Oct. 3 0 Dorothy Denman T The B o s t o n I d e a l s A n d r e w s Opera Co. �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date P l a y w r i g h t Leading Performe C o m p a n y N o v. 3 Tbe S u b s t i t u t e Pair o f Kids N o v. 9 She N o v. 1 5 The I r i s h Statesman Carroll N o v. 2 7 The W i c k l o w Postman Eugene O Dec. 2 2 The M a n f r o m Boston John L . Ezra K e n 189 Jan. 5 Jan. 1 2 C a m e l Rides & midway C o n c e r t Feb. 8 L Feb. 1 5 A T Model Husband h e Power o f the P r e s s Couthoui cert Co. John D i l l o n J o h n Dil �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Mai'. 9 M a v o u r n e e n M a r. 1 6 R M a r. 2 8 M A p r. 4 A p r. 6 i h May 1 5 May 2 8 J a m , What a Night, G e o G J a n o e A U n c l e July 17 J Aug. 2 4 o h n e r i r F u r L To m ' s C a b i n s s g e m c L a v n s a n a e n T. Jackson Co. Ta l e n t ' U n c l e To m ' s Cabin Co. W r e s t l i n g Lily Clay Gaiety Co. Match J Far Harriet C h a r l e s Minstrels T. J a c k s o n assumes management V a u d e v i l l e y Ta l e n t l s t n U. Glee & B a n j o C l u b l c r o ' a o a h g n h o Chauncey cott e T J i o o b Hoey h o u s Pitou Co. A. Herne c D t l t Dress Rehearsal June 1 4 Aug. 3 M C o n c e r t June 8 g A Colleen C o n c e r t Apr. 1 7 u p Van W i n k l e (cuttings) y O A Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Company �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Enteltainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Aug. Sep. 27 1 Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( A n g e l l ' s Comedy Co. 27th-Our S t r a t e g i s t s 1 0 U -1- U p s i d e D o w n l l s t - Te n N i g h t s i n a Bqrroom lst-Unelt4 Ruben Whittle (matinee) My A u n t A b b y Sep. 1 The E n d o f W' rid Sep. 20 Mascot, U p to Date Sep. 24-29 the G i l b e r t Comic Opera C o . Frank Tu c k e r Comedy C o . 24th-Brother A.LaJLLS t 13 o 1 e r 25th-Thc Outea:sts Oct. 5 S Oct. 1 5 : L e e Oct. 1 7 " Oct. 2 4 i T Pluil.k,1 rd L . M. Boyer tun; Julius C h e White Quc:en" H Mrs. Sheldon i Henry's Minstrels �Leading Perform Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 2 7 Lecture Washing Gardner N o v. 1 Political Lecture G o v. R i N o v. 2 S N o v. 5 T N o v. 6 i d h e e Company Tracked Dazzler Maria Decca Concert Co. C o n c e r t N o v. 1 5 Charity Ball N o v. ' 1 "The M a n o f Galilee" N o v. 2 8 The B u s t l e r Dec. 3 Peck's Dad Boy Frohman C o . George ling (le W . Rhea Boezman Dec. 5 Cleveland's Minstrels Dec. 1 2 Monbars Dec. 1 8 Concert Dec. 2 0 Spiritualist Robert May L e g g e t t Concert Co. A n n L a e l a Ha Ev �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Leading Performe Clay Cle 27 Ohl W h a t a N i g h t Jan. 10 The N e w D o m i n i o n Frohman C o . Jan. 23 Concert Hillsdale College Glee C l u b Jun. 26 Trained Dogs Jan. 30 Edgwood F o l k s Down i n I n j i a n n y Feb. 8 "American N u t s ; Cracked cracked" Feb. 12 Robin Hood Feb. 15 "Philosophy o f Wit & Humor" Feb. 23 The B l a c k C r o o k M a r. 1 "Character Building" Dec. 1895 Prof. N o Alba Haywood C o . Annie D i Morgan W Barnabee & MacDonald Opera C o . Wallace (lecture Prof. De (lecture �Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Mac. 1 5 Charley's Aunt Frohman C o . M a r. 1 9 Concert Te m p l e Q u a r t e t t e M a r. 3 0 Finnigan's Ball Apr. 5 A B r e e z y Time Apr. 1 7 The G i r l I Behind Me Apr. 2 2 Concert Local Ta l e n t Apr. 2 3 HaLlelujah Chorus Local Ta l e n t Apr. 2 6 Lady M i n s t r e l s Local Ta l e n t May 1 1 The Tw o J o h n s May- 2 7 June 1 2 7 t h - To m S a w y e r June 2 4 Pianist June 2 7 High School Commencement G e o r g e Murray & Fanny Co Emarick Miss We Frohman C o . Left J. S . C r o s s y Silene J J. C . ( F Stewart, Phillips P r o f . Wm Sherwood �Date Aug. 2 0 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t B a r l a d i Company o w n g P e r f o r m e r ( Brothers Minstrels Earl Burgess English Stock Co. Sep. 2 - 7 Marie K i J. Knox G 2nd- A N o b l e S i s t e r Sep. 9 "Personality" Sep. 2 3 - 2 8 V i n c J e n t u - S d t r g e e t e o r Frohman C o . P Ya Co. 23rd- F a t h e r and Son 24th-The Census Ta k e r 25th-Our Boys 26th-Inshavogue 27th-True a s S t e e l 28th-The Wicklow Wedding I Oct. 1 Sowing t h e W i n d Oct. 5 Si P e r k i n s Oct. 1 7 Plays and P l a y e r s (vaudeville) Richie F Oct. 2 4 My W i f e ' s F r i e n d William C S y d n e y Grundy e r c y Sh Mita May �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Oct. 2 9 Concert N o v. 6 Concert N o v. 1 3 Chicago M a r i n e Band Andrews C h r o a l Union ( l o c a l talent) R e a d i n g s and Recitations N o v. 1 5 F a u s t N o v. 2 0 T h r i l b y N o v. 2 1 C o n c e r t Leading Performe Company P l a y w r i g h t B r o r B J o G k e r i i & Macy k o p r l s o s a A o h Co. c c Minnie M F r e d Eme s Callahan k Co. Burlesque e Raym C o n c e r t Co. N o v. 2 2 K i l l a r n e y and the R h i n e N o v. 2 5 O u c a s t s o f a Great C i t y — Dec. 5 m i s s J. E . To F r o Hartun Scarum Dec. 1 4 S e a n c e Dec. 1 8 L e c t u r e h m a A n Co. m D y a n i e l A Edith Ha Lee Frank Do Mysterio W i l l i a m �Date Dec. 2 4 o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( O ' H o o l i g a n ' s Masquerade Local Ta l e n t Patriotic Entertainment Dec. 3 1 18°6 Jan. 3 C o n c e r t Michigan U. Glee, B a n j o & Mandolin Club Jan. 8 C o n c e r t White & Morgan Concert Co. Jan. 1 0 Jan. 2 1 Jan. 3 0 Feb. 6 Feb. 1 1 Fob. 1 8 O u r Flats V i o l i n T h e Emily Bancker F r o h m a n Co. Concert Wife Remenyi David Belasco Frohman C o . L e c t u r e F a u s t A Bunch o f Keys H e l e n St Ann H u t c Sidney Th Morrison Co. �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Feb. 2 6 Tim, t h e T i n k e r Company P l a y w r i g h t J o h n Leading P e r f o r m e r ( E. Brennan Sackett P o r t e r Co. M a r. 2 . . 7 2nd- M a n a n d M a s t e r M a r. 9 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n M a r. 1 0 L e c t u r e M a r. 1 8 V a u d e v i l l e M a r. 2 3 Apr. 8 Apr. 9 Apr. 2 0 T T h " T A Aug. 1 7 - 1 8 h e t J H e Merchant o f Venice S h a k e t o s o n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . o w o h r W i l l i a m e s p e a r H e t a O h n ' f B n R. C ' s Hibernica Band & O r c h e s t r a o r d r i e n Spencer Co. N o r a O'B Fast Mail " L i b e r t y o f Man, Woman a n d C h i l d " May 2 7 Sep. 1 6 h S e R Passion Play" New Ye a r ' s Reception C o n c e r t L e c t u r e e o e T b x i e l o G L M o s c i a c m o o t i r l a r g (Lec e W (lecture) Ta l e n t n Troubadours t h y E Ta r s n e y �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Sep. 2 1 - 2 6 Company Leading Performe Jessie Mae H a l l Co. Jessie Ma Hall 21st-The P r i n c e s s in Patches Oct. 8 Si P l u n k a r d Frank E . Rose L e l a Oct. 1 3 Political Lecture William A Smith Oct. 1 4 Concert Oct. 2 1 Political Lecture Hon. J . J Desmond Oct. 2 7 Lecture Albion W Oct. 3 0 Political Lecture Senator J Burrows N o v. b N o v. 9 r e v. 1 4 N o v. 2 6 I n Heberlein Grand Concert Co. Old Kentucky R e c i t a t i o n s A Mixx H e x Straight T12 South B e f o r e t h e Wa r Henderson's Comedians Henry M a r t e l l �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Data Playwright Dec. 4 Julius Caesar Dec. 29 Band C o n c e r t Jan. 20 L'212 Feb. 2 The L i m i t e d M a i l Feb. 5 Trial by Jury Editha's Burglar Augustus Thomas Lincoln J. C a r t e r Company William Shakespeare Leading Performe Thomas W Charles ford Local Ta l e n t 1897 Albert Hart Feb. 12 Fast M a i l Mat. 15 Stereoptican Lecture "Hard Times, T h e i r Cause a n d C u r e " M a r. 18 Concert Sousa B a n d Apr. 1 Concert New Y o r k Male Q u i n t e t t e Apr. 3 Eight Bells John B y r n e Tr o u p e Charles H �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t A p r. 3 Eight B e l l s a P e d i Company r f o r n m g e John B y r n e Tr o u p e Lemaire's Cinematoscope A p r. 1 2 - 1 4 12th- m i l i t a r y scenes 13th-U.S. l i f e 14th- f i r e ments i n action May 17-19 Ly c e u m ment C o . 17th- A S u r e Thin.0 M a y 27 A New Ye a r ' s ception Re- June 25 High School Commencement July 7 M r. B o b Aug. 10 Ed. F . D a v i s ' Mammoth M i n s t r e l s Seo. 2-3 Columbian Comedy Co. 2nd- T h e S l a v e s o f Mon.fa 3rd-The Vo l u n t e e r L o c a l Ta l e n t Local Ta l e n t r ( s �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Sep. P l a y w r i g h t 20-25 Company Leading Performe Columbian Comedy Co. W. J . K n o Jennie P 20th-The B l a c k F l a g Sep. 29 Humtet W i l l i a m Shakespeare Oct. 22 The T h r e e Guardsmen Oct. 25 In A t l a n t i c N o v. 3 Bells N o v. 15 N o v. 20 Larrigan's Ball N o v. 27 Concert Dec. 7 Madame S a n s G e n e S a r d o u Dec. 21 The I s l e o f Champagne Walker Whiteside Paul Caze City F r a n k M. W i l l s o f Shandon John Ginners Clifton & Hurlbut 's Consolidated Minstrels Bosie Ste Frank Bud Chicago M a r i n e Band Kathryn K Gustave F �Date o T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t f a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( s )898, Jan. 5 A t Jan. 1 3 I n Jan. 2 1 T h Jan. 2 8 Feb. 7 Feb. 1 1 A F a T the French Ball F a n Feb. 2 7 M a r. 4 y Ric Gay Paris e Last Stroke Trip to the C i t y u h s e t G r Nancy Hanks i f F r a n k hill, f i Ta n n e Jr. t h M a Feb. 2 1 Feb. 2 2 n r i e Jan Field's Minstrels M r . Bob L A Capital Joke S h o r e G r i m e s ' Door Acres J Cellar o a m e c s a l Ta l e n t A. Herne James B . M a c k i e J a m e s B. M �Date o M a r. 8 T f h T i t l e o r Type Entertainment e L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s Lincoln J. C a r t e r ' s Mammoth Scenic P r o d u c t i o n s To r n a d o M a r. 15 The H e a r t h s t o n e M a r. 22 A B r e e z y Time M a r. 28 Other People's M o n e y, Apr. 18 Apr. 21 James A . H e r n e Hoyt's Madison Square C o . Hennessy Leroyle Other People's Money Hoyt's Madison Square C o . Hennessy Leroyle U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Stetson's Double Monster Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . Apr. 2 5 - 3 0 Edward Owings To w n e To n y F a r r Bertha We J. Knox Gavin Co. (Columbian Comedy C o . ) 25th-Black F l a g May 1 6 - 2 1 Courtenay Morgan C o u r t e n a y 16th- F e l i c i a 2 0 t h - Te _ I j e a r t o f Cuba June 8 Scenes f r o m t h e war--animotoscope views �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Local Ta l e n t June 9 Uncle Josh June 18 Joshua S i m p k i n s June 23 High School Commencement July 21 Concert Aug. 23 Held b y the Enemy Sep. 5-10 Stock company Sep. 2 Uncle J o s h Sep. 30 Si P l u n k a r d Oct. 7 How H o p p e r W a s Side Tr a c k e d Oct. 1 Concert Oct. 24 On t h e W a b a s h Oct. 31 Faust N o v. 3 Political Lecture Davis Concert Leading Performe Co. Local Ta l e n t Jule Walt Schumann G r a n d Concert Co. Abe E a r l y Esther Ea Porter J. White Co. J. C . Bur �Leading Performe Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company N o v. 1 5 Casey's Wi f e Mike Murphy Co. N o v. 2 6 El Captain N o v. 2 7 Concert Dec. 2 9 S h a n t y To w n John P . S o u s a William C Mandevil Bendix Grand Concert C o . I 899, Jan. 4 finaidan's Dall jun. 9 Vo c a l C o n c e r t Jan. 1 4 Cinematograph Kline's Lumiere Cinematograph An E n e m y t o the K i n g E. H . S o t h e r n C o . J o h n I el) Fe.,. 9 Harold Ja Secret Warrant 1 h 7 2 E r R l o a n b g e e r & Klaw C o . r t Grif Ma �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Feb. 2 5 The P r i n c e s s Madagascar M a r. 7 Side Tr a c k e d M a r. i 5 L e P l a y w r i g h t o f a d i Company n g P e r f o r m e r ( s Haverly's American/ European M i n s t r e l s Jule Walters 14'"2 Erlanger & Klaw Co. M a r. 2 5 The S l e e p i n g L C i t y Apr. 8 A B l a c k Mother o r, N a t Goodwin Turned U p American duction Co. Apr. 2 5 A Night Circus Rice & F l a h e r t y Co. May 3 Ermine May 1 0 The C a l l May i 6 Concer at the Local Ta l e n t o f Us May 2 2 - 2 7 Jean Maws Children's Concert Co. Bryan's Comedians 22nd- T r u e a s Steel 26th-A Hot Time in t h e Old To w n �Dote o f T i t l e o r Ty p e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t May 3 0 "Camp l i f e a m o n g the members o f Co. A " Aug. 2 5 A B r e e z y Time Aug. 2 7 funeral Sep. 4 - 9 Company Leading Performer Local Ta l e n t Bart T i b b Bryan's Comedians J. J . Owe Katharine vaudeville + 4th-The B l a c k ylag 8th-Michael Strogoff Sep. 2 0 Darkest Russia Sep. 2 5 The D a g g e r a n d the C r o s s Oct. 2 Faust Oct. 9 The F i n i s h o f M r. F r e s h + vaudeville Robert M a Porter J. White Co. Porter J. White �Data o Oct. 1 6 - 2 1 f T i t l e o r Ty p e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t v a u d e v i l l e + shadowgraph + 16th-The W o r l d 17th-The lers 18th-Mistic Mountain 19th-The Cannon Ball Express 20th-The L i t t l e Deceetive 21st-Miin Lieltning Oct. 1 0 Shannon o f tbe S i x t h N o v. 3 The S t o w a w a x N o v. 8 The T h r o e Mukateers N o v. 2 2 Hermolin t h e G r e a t + vaudeville N o v. 3 0 Vivograph Graphophone 14 Dec. 1 3 A Te x a s S t e e r Lecture Company Anderson T h e a t r e Company M a Leading Performe T o t c Yo u n g Brad Robert J . Donnelly John G r i f f i t h C h a r l e s Hoyt Frances C Kelley �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Dec. 2 2 L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i Company n g P e r f o r m e r ( s Uncle S e t h Haskins The C o r s i c a n Brothers Dec. 2 8 Harrison Woolfe 1900 Jan. 4 B r o w n ' s i n To w n Jim. 10 vaudeville Jan. 22 Humpty Dumpty Feb. 1 Concert Boston Ladies phony O r c h e s t r a Feb. 2 A Day and A Night Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s eb. 8 A Te m p e r a n c e To w n Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s 13 "Evening a t t h e Opera H o u s e " pantomime & recitation Local Ta l e n t rob. McIntyre & Heath's Comedians Richards Canfield �Date o f T i t l e o r Type Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Du S a n c h e t Company Bijou Theatre Co. Leading Performe Walter P Smyth & Comedian Feb. 1 6 My F r i e n d f r o m India Feb. 2 2 Concert Sousa B a n d Feb. 2 8 Finnigan's 400 Murray & Mack Co. M a r. S A Lucrative M a r. 1 2 Exhibition sion P l a y & Pope Leo X I I I M a r. 1 4 Sapho, W. C l y d e F i t c h Frank La Alberta Mal'. 2 2 Tht! L i a r s Henry A r t h u r Jones Empire T h e a t r e Co. Otis Skin Mr:4r. 2 3 Lecture M a r. 2 7 - 2 8 A #tn M a r. 3 0 corwert A r. w. Hearts o f the Blue R i g z e 3 Liar Norton-Gibbs Co. Thomas M o f Mystery Apr. 1 9 May- h Harrison Ariel Quartet Co. Hal Reid Dorothy Hi H e n r y ' s strels R i _ p Va n W i a R l e Joseph S �Date May 7 - 1 2 T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t C l a Company r k Leading P e r f o r m e r ( & Wood Select Players 7th-The Gales o f Justice June 2 1 High School Commencement Aug. 2 2 Uncle J o s h Spruceby Aug. 2 8 The D a i r y F a r m Eleanor Merion Sep. 7 The C h r i s t i a n Hall Caine Sep. 1 2 A Stranger New Y o r k i n Sep. 1 7 - 2 2 L J a m e s Co. i e b l e H. Wallack r & Co. L i o n e l Ad Julia St Hoyt Productions Standard Stock Co. 18th- A N o b l e Hero 19th- A f t e r Tw e n t y Ye a r s Sep. 2 7 A Trip to Chinatown Oct. 6 Political Lecture Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s H a r r y G i Mable Mo R e v. F . M �Leading Performer( Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 6 Political Lecture Oct. 1 6 Under t h e Dome Oct. 1 6 Political Lecture Oct. 1 9 A Brass Monkey Oct. 2 4 Political Lecture Adlai Stev Oct. 2 9 Republican R a l l y A. T . B l u s Senator Bu Oct. 3 1 A R u n o n t h e B a n k W a r d & Vo k e s E. D . N o v. 1 0 Faust Porter J. White Co. N o v. 1 5 Midnight i n Chinatown + vaudeville N o v. 2 3 Mrs. B . nessy (wash l a d y ) N o v. 2 6 The R i v a l s N o v. 2 8 The G i r l f r o m Calcutta N o v. 2 9 La To s c a Company W. C . W a r n G o v. S h a w Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s Mazie Tr u m S t a i r Co. Porter J. To n n y S u l l i v a n William Sheridan L o c a l Ta l e n t Theo B r o m l a y C o . Fanny D a v e �Leading Performer( Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Dec. 4 A Poor Relation Frank Keen Maud A b b o t Dec. Lecture J. W r i g h t dings Dec. 1 1 Solections from Faust, Tr o v a t o r e , Aida, Carmen Dec. 1 5 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Dec. .27 M Liis t r e 1. S h o w What H a p p e n e d t o Jones Concert Jan. Concert Jan. 1 9 Finnigftr's Bali. • 22 Alvin J o s l i n Company Innes Concert Coldwater's Thirty Sable Sons o f H a m Local Ta l e Broadhurst Oxford M u s i c a l Club Wrightson Warner Murray & Mack's Comedians �‘1111.11111•11 Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Jan. 2 6 Concert Fadette Ladies Orchestra Feb. 5 Next D o o r The R o y e r B r o t h e r s Feb. 8 Nevada, o r Lost Mine Feb. 1 1 A Day and a Night Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s Feb. 1 5 Humpty Dumpty Dickson & Mustard Co. Feb. 2 0 quo V a d i s E. J . C a r p e n t e r Productions M a r. 8 Concert Parker Concert Co. M a r. 2 6 Concert Ottumwa Q u a r t e t t e Apr. 4 Royal Box George S . C o l l i n e Co. Apr. 1 8 Va u d e v i l l e Local Ta l e n t Apr. 2 6 Keller, t h e magician Apr. 2 9 Chimes mandy june 21 High School Commencement the Company Local Ta l e n t Leading Performer �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe Sep. 1 7 McKinley Memorial Services Sep. 2 3 Humbug Sep. 3 0 For L o v e ' s Sake Marie Me Mable S t r Oct. 5 Rip Va n W i n k l e Thomas J e Oct. 1 0 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n A l W. M a r t i n C o . Oct. 1 6 The E v i l E I 1 7 7 1 7 Te T i l l e V i c t o r i a Troupe of Royal Dancers Oct. 2 4 Si Plunkard Oct. 2 6 Concert Oct. 2 9 T h e , Sp.An o f Oct. 3 1 Fluiiip t y D u m p t x Cornell Twentieth Century Humpty Dumpty Co. Eddie McD N o v. 7 Pump t y D u i p Cornell Twentieth Century Humpty Dumpty Co. Eddie McD Concert Excelsior tainers Fred Marsden Lenora Ja (violinis Life The D o n a �Leading Performe Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t N o v. 1 4 Uncle Hez N o v. 1 8 The G i r l i n the B a r r a c k s N o v. 2 1 Faust N o v. 2 5 Lecture N o v. 2 6 Esmeralda Dec. 2 East Lynne Inez Form J. F . C r o d Dan S h e r m Dec. 5 O l Dec. 1 1 C o n c e r t P r i n c e Dec. 2 3 u o Frank Ada R . A . Caskie Co. Lewis M o r r i s o n C o . John B . D Local Ta l e n t Dan Tu c k e r Dec. 1 8 - 1 9 Q Company C h i o f Egypt Va d i s W c L h a o i g c t a n o l e Glee Club Ta l e n t y & Knowles Co. )!/02 Jan. 4 . King Dodo Jan. 1 5 "The M o o n i n Fact a n d Fancy" Castle Square Opera C o . ( l e c t u r e A. L . C o r ) �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Playwright Company Leading Performer( Jan. 16 The L i t t l e Jan. 21 The K i n g o f Opium R i n g Jan. 22 Concert Hahn P a r k e L a d i e s Quintette Jan. 28 Richard Carvel Andrew Robson Co. Jan. 30 Concert Elvie Burnett Concert Co. Feb. 3 When W e W e r e Tw e n t y One Morris & H a l l Co. Feb. 17 Ostler Joe Feb. 18 Lecture Spillman R M a r. 13 Lecture Ralph P a r M a r. 1 Sporting Life Apr. 1 Wa i f s o f New Yo r k Apr. 18 Si P e r k i n s A p r . 28 May 3 Va g r a n t s the Schrode Brothers Katie Emm Marks B r o t h e r s No. 1 C o . To m M a r k s �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date May 1 1 Te n N i g h t s B a r Room i n May 1 9 The P o w e v B e h i n d tLe T h i . o n e May 2 7 The June 1 1 - 0 S h a 11 t h - T h o Tw o K i d s 12th- T h e I r i s h Fiero 11111 - 1 w o L i t t l e Rogues 14th- A l l 1.:al: P l a y w r i g h t Company a Snowball Leading P e r f o r m e r ( A. M . P a l m e r C o . V e r n a s Mar Katherine L o c n a n l o Ta l e n t n Comedy Co. • • • • • • • • • • • • June 1 9 H Aug. 1 3 Aug. 1 8 - 2 3 t A g h School Commencemont Royal R Slave B o 18th-Madam S a t a n 19th-The T r o u b l e 6f Mr. Tremble 20th-His F i r s t Love 2 1 s t - n y Uncle F r o m 22nd- W o l v e s o f N e w Yo r k e y n n a e t l t Co. Theatre Co. W i l l i a m M Maude L e o n �• Date o T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t f a d i C o m p a n y n g P e r f o r m e r ( s 23rd-A Q u i l t y Mother Aug. 2 8 Sep. 3 S T i w Plunkurd o J M a r r i e d Men S Sep. 1 5 - 1 7 T h e Globe Tr o t t e r Sep. 2 2 h Kermis Sep. 2 5 T L o v e r ' s Sep. 2 9 Oct. 4 Oct. 8 e Lane L W o m . s i p T h e World's Monarchs o f Magic. Oct. 1 7 T h e Power Behind the T h r o n e Oct. 2 3 - 2 5 B c o m i c opera and vaudeville u a r i l g h t Hu Talent t r o m Comedy . Va n W i n k l e T c W S . Simp Clyde Fitch k e r C o 29th-My O r i e n t a l Friend Oct. 1 3 C . Lew . L o u i s DeLange A R . s h c h o - D m e v e a r e s Je Co. Katherine W i l b u r Opera Co. �Date o Oct. 3 0 f O l N o v. 7 T h e Prisoner Zenaa n g P e r f o r m e r ( Julius Cahn Co. of Thomas B Alexande L o e t g r e N o v. 1 0 G y p s y N o v. 2 2 W a a d i C o m p a n y d Jed ProuIx vaudeville David Harrum N o v. 3 N o v. 6 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t y C. B . L a Jack Willis G Down E a s t N o v. 2 5 The C o u n t y F a i r N e i l Bur N o v. 2 7 American Gentleman George H DPf.7. 2 Next D o o r & vaudeville George ville P c . FC)NV G i n A n d o a 10 Der:. 2 5 1903 A Standrd Article William A. Brady Alma S t i �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Kidnapped i n New Y o r k Jan. 3 JAI'. 2 9 Feb. 3 T T h h Feb. 1 6 e B E v i l Eye. e Liberty Belles A H a r r F o x y gniller s r o b s e F r a n k o o n t B. Smith R J r m y Leading P e r f o r m e r ( C o m p a n y a r The D a g g e r a n d the C r o s s Feb. 7 Feb. 1 2 P l a y w r i g h t e n h g G ' tric s Bal Hennesy Co. e p y r t B Harris Co. R i c h a r d G F l o r o d o r a Feb. 2 3 - 2 8 Kennedy P l a y e r s N e l l i e K 23rd-Cheek M a r. 6 The S p a n o f Life M a r. 1 0 J u s t S t r u c k To w n and s i d e s h o w M a r. 1 6 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Mal:. ) 1 Sporting Life Apr. 6 Devil's Auction T S C t h h e a t s r e o l n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . e s H. Yale Co. Dona �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Apr. 1 3 O c c u l t Leading Performer Company P l a y w r i g h t Hermann t Great phenomena J o h n W. V o g e l ' s Big Minstrels May 1 6 May 2 5 - 1 0 G l a 25th-A Man o f Mystery 26th-Knobs nessee 27th-A House o f To o M u c h Trouble 28th-Georgia Ross 29th-Tracy t h e Bandit 30th-The Yo u n g Wife + vaudeville Aug. 1 9 A s g o w Stock Co. Royal Slave Aug. 2 4 - 2 9 Hunt's Imperial Stock Co. K a t e 24th-A L i t t l e Sinner Sep. U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n A l W. M a r t i n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Fitz �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Sep. 7 Si P l u n k a r d rep. 11 The I r i s h Pawnbrokers Sep. 1 5 - 1 6 C a u g h t Webb i n P l a y w r i g h t Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s Company J. C . L e w M c M C a a z b i e & Tru e the Carner Stock Co. SoP. 2 8 oct. 3 J . M. Car 28th- F o r Love and H o n o r 29th-Cast A d r i f t 3 u t h - R i p Va n Winkle 1st- T h e Hondman 2nd- A Romance o f the S o u t h 3 r d - C o 11 e e n Hawn Oct. 6 Oct. O f t t h e B r i tire ti. M i i g h t An T u d i a n a R o m a n c e O c t . lf-.1 Sager Drama Co. Monarch M i n s t r e l s Mason's C o r n e r F, J i k s Oct. 2 9 George K l Alma H e a r P r i n c e s s Chic B i l l y Cla QuincySawyer Co. Kirk LaShelle Opera C o . V e r a Mich �Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment N o v. 4 A Montana Outlaw Warner & Aotman C o . W. A l l e n N o v. 1 0 The S e r e n a d e The B o s t o n i a n s N o v. 1 6 When K n i g h t h o o d was i n F l o w e r J u l i a Marlow Co. R o s e l l e Rodney S t o c k C o . M i s s P l a y w r i g h t N o v. 2 3 - 2 8 Company G e r t r u d e K Va n e 23rd- A tuckian 24th- I n Convict Stripes 25th-Colorado 26th- F o r P o s i t i o n and H o n o r 27th-Ohio K i d s 28th-A Path o f Veng:er_nce + vaudeville Dec. 2 Ghosts Dec. 3 Miss Bob White Dec. 9 The G i r l a n d the J u d g e Dec. 1 1 The C o n v i c t ' s Daughter Henrik Ibsen Mary Shaw Willard Spencer's Comedy O p e r a C o . M a r y Hou Eleanor M �Leading Performe Dktte T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment 7wc. 1 8 As Y o u L i k e Dec. 2 4 J o h n i Ly C o n i e s Ma LI h i r i g H o m e Whitney Opera Co. Jan. 1 The M i d n i g h t press Zeb & Z a r r o w C o . Jan. 9 We A r e K i n d plus s t e r e o p t i c a n Jan. 1 9 The J o h n s t o w n Ilood Jan. ').? Lecture Dr. Thom Green Jan. 2 4 Lecture E. M . L a Jan. 2 8 The P p m p k i n flosker Feb. 2 Down a n d U p i t P l a y w r i g h t Company William Shakespeare E r n e s t Shipman Co. Camilla Blanche 1904 Ft.b. 4 T h e Night Before Christmas Walker W Lawrence Russell Heckman B r o s . C o . �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Feb. 5 Concert Katharine way C o n c e r t C o . Feb. 1 7 H o i t y - To i t y Weber & F i e l d ' s Music H a l l Co. Fob. 1 9 The G r e a t W h i t e Diamond Walter Fessler Co. Feb. 2 5 vaudeville Sam T . J a c k ' s Burlesque Co. M a r. 1 0 The H e a d Waiters Joe K e l l M a r. 1 1 Lecture Russell Conwell M a r. 1 2 Te n N i g h t s Bar Room i n a M a r. 2 1 - 2 6 L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i Company n g P e r f o r m e r ( Ogden's Co. Myrkle-Hardner Stock Co. 21st- L i t t l e 17:17Z7a 22nd- T h e S i l v e r Dagffr 21ird-A Q u a k e r Wedding 24-th-The S l e e p i n g City Mabel H a �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Data P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( 25th-Angel o f the 26th-Secret patch + vaudeville M a r. 29 An A r i s t o c r a t i c Tram) Kilroy & Britton Co. Apr. 4 Tw o M e r r y T r a m p s Wo o d a n d W a r d C o . Apr. 7 A Run on t h e Bank Apr. 11 A Country Kid Whittaker & Hicks Co. Apr. i 4 The F i g h t i u g Parson Wilber H Apr. 2 6 Chinese Honeymoon John E . H Edmund L a Apr. 2 9 L e g a l l y Dead The S h a n n o n F a m i l y May 5 Vogel's B i g Minstrels M.-ty 1 9 moving p i c t u r e s May 2 3 Ta m i n g o f t h e Shrew Ly m a n H . H o w e C o . William Shakespeare Charles H Marie Do �bats May 30..:31 T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t 1 0 t h -Camille Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Company Alexandre Dumas, Fils C o r a Pard's N;y:.stery o r t h e llta Crai June 6 - 11 June 2 0 - 1 5 H e n d 6th-W4;m,IT1 A r a i n s t r 7 t h - A Maz3 Jery 8th- L o t i n New Yo r k 4111-A h o t i b i n e e o f the S o u t h ( - ) c h - P. J e k y l a n d M r. H y d e 11 t h - T h e Yo u n g e r Droheus M a y n 20th-The phans 21st-Aduift i n Vo r k 2nd- E a s t L y n n e 2 j i r d - Tw o sc-)ols M e t 2 ! I t h - C a o i t I if. 2 5 t h - 1 Y: e . C o u n t r y Girl (matinee) e r a s r d o ' n Stock Co. s American Dramatic Co. Va n �Ditte T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t 25th-(cont.) The Lankashire Lass Aug. 1 A Royal Stave Aug. 3 Missouri Aug. 1 7 - 2 2 F r e a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( Gordon & B e n n e t t Co. d e r i c k H. Wilson Co. 17th- i n vice kind 18th- T h e C o u n t e o f A l e x a n d e r Monte C r i s t o D u m a s , F i l s 19th-A T r u e B o r n American 20th-The Church Across t h e 14:1 21st-Robert Emmett 22nd- B e y o n d t h e Atlantic (matinee) Shadows o f G r e a t e r New Yo r k Aug. 2 5 The M o o n s h i n e r ' s Daughter M a & n n , BUhler Co. E u n i c e M �Leading Perform Date T i t l e o r Type or Entertainment Auld-. 2 9 A D e v i l ' s Lane Sep. ) Te n Sep. 9 The H o l y C i t y Sep. 1 7 Humptv Dumpty Sep. 2 2 Undef Southern Sep. 2 ; A C h i c a g o Tralq2 + vaudevitle Oct. 6 Faust Oct. 1 0 Ti ; o P r i n c e s s C h i c Kirke La Julian E oct. Rudolph a n d Adolph, Emily C Oct. '. Yo u n g e r B r o t h e r s Alvin W Percy H N o v. 2 Was S h e t o B l a m e N o v. y - I 2 N i t ' Room Company P l a y w r i g h t Elmore S Mit H e l l La.wmaiut C o . in a Gordon & B e n n e t t R a y m o n d Co. Lottie B l a i r Parker Edward D Porter J. White Co. J o Juno B a r r e t t C o . h n A. Himmelein's Imperial Stock Co. Porter J Olga Ve r �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Dnte P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Perform 7th-The dise 8 t h - To B e B u r l e d Alive 9th-ltuanoake 10th-East Ly n n e llth-The Kintl o f the D e s e r t 12th-The D a r k S i d e of a Great City N o v. 1 Wa y D o w n E a s t Joseph R . G r i s m e r Co. N o v. 21 Home L i g h t s Local Ta l e n t N o v. 24 Hamlet Harriso Wolfe, Tr u e N o v. 29 Cousin Kate Roselle Dec. 1 David Harum Julius Cahn Co. D e c . 5 Misteltoe Bough Local Ta l e n t The Va g a b o n d Q u e e n Local Ta l e n t Dec. 6 Dee. ; I 8 The H e s t N e w E n g l a n d Land S t o r y E v e r W r i t t e n �Date Dec. 8 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Q u i n c y a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( Adams S a w y e r Doc. 1 2 A r i z o n a A Dec. 1 6 W h e n the Bell To l l s Dec. 2 0 H o o l i g a n ' s , Tr o u b l e s Dec. 2 6 T h e l m a Dec. 2 9 W e d d e d Wife u g u s t u s Thomas Va l e & M a u r C o . T y l e r Amusement Co. Claire Pa but No M a u r i c e Fielding S e l m a Her �APPENDIX B I N D E X T O T H E D AY B O O K A �24 Ta b l e # 1 : I n d e x t o the performers Marion Abbott--Jan. 3 , 1887 Maud A b b o t t - - D e c . 4 , 1 9 0 0 Frank Adams- - N o v. 1 4 , 1 9 0 1 George Adams- - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 3 J. R . Adams- - D e c . 8 , 1883 L i o n e l Adams- - S e p . 7 , 1 9 0 0 Frank Aiken--Feb. 1 6 , 1884 Laura A l b e r t a - - A p r. 3 , 1883 Louis A l d r i c h --Mar. 1 8 , 1884 Thomas B . A l e x a n d e r - - N o v . 6 , 1 9 0 2 Viola A l l e n --Oct. 26, 1882 William C. Andrews--Oct. 24, 1895 Edwin A r n o t t - - S e p . 3 , 1 8 8 4 Mrs. F . C . A r t h u r - - A p r. 2 2 , 1892 F. M . A u n k s - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 0 Edwin J . A u s t i n - - J u l y 6 , 1 8 8 5 Alice Baldwin--Sep. 3 & 4, 1883 B i l l y Barlow--Feb. 29, 1892 James B a r l o w - - F e b . 2 9 , 1 8 9 2 Alden Benedict- - O c t . 7 , 1887; O c t . 2 1 , 1889 Francis Bishop--Dec. 12, 1885 A. T . B l u s - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 Helen B l y t h e - - A p r . 3 0 -May 1 , 1 8 9 0 C. E . B o l t o n - - J u n e 3 , 1 8 8 9 George W. B o n i f a c e - - N o v. 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 Marjorie Bonner--Feb. 14, 1885 Jessie Bonstelle--Feb. 1 5 , 1883; Sep. 23, 1890 Blanche Boone- - D e c . 2 4 , 1903 Mary B o u t o n - - D e c . 3 , 1 9 0 3 Mac B r a d l e y - O c t . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Prof. B r i s t c n - J u n e 27-28, 1890 Fred Emerson Brooks- - N o v. 1 3 , 1895 Edwin Lee B r. : w n - - A p r. 1 , 1 8 8 3 Wallace B r u c e - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 5 Frank Budd- - N o v. 2 0 , 1897 A. L . B u r b a n k - - J a n . 2 5 , 1 8 9 2 Bob B u r d e t t e - - F e b . 7 , 1 8 9 0 Neil Burgess- - N o v. 2 5 , 1902 John B u r l e i g h - F e b . 2 6 , 1 8 8 7 Julius C. Burrows- O c t . 1 5 , 1894; O c t . 3 0 , 1896; N o v. 1898; O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 J . W. B u r t o n - - S e p . 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 L. L . B u r t o n - - M a r. 1 0 , 1885 Jennie C a l e e - - Yo . Jennie C a l i f --Jan. M a e Va n e C a l v e r t Carlotta- M a r. : 3 , 28, 1882 1 7 , 1884 N o v. 23-28. 1892 1 9 3 3, �242 J. M . Carrier--Sep. 2 8 -Oct. 3 , 1903 J. W. C a r n e r - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 8 8 Charles H. Caton--Feb. 3 , 1892 Herbert Cawthorn--May 11 , 1892 Paul Cazeneuve--Oct. 2 2 , 1 8 9 7 Ella M. Chamberlain--Dec. 8 , 1884 Henry Chanfrau--Dec. 1 0 , 1891 C. W . C h a r l e s - - N o v . 2 8 , 1 8 8 2 John R . C l a r k - - M a r. 7 , 1 8 9 0 ; M a r. 1 0 , 1 8 9 6 W. A l l e n C l a r k e - N o v . 4 , 1 9 0 3 Estelle Clayton--Dec. 16, 1899 Clay Clement--Jan. 1 0 , 1895 Fanny Cohen- M a r . 3 0 , 1 8 9 5 Coleman & Hayden- - O c t . 5 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 Edmund C o l l i e r - - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; N o v . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 7 Jack C o l l i n s --Sep. 2 1 , 1886 A. L . C o l t o n - - J a n . 1 5 , 1 9 0 2 Harry Constantine--Feb. 16, 1886 H. C o n u l i u s - - M a r . 2 8 , 1 8 9 0 Russell H. Conwell--Feb. 14, 1890; Dec. 14, 1892; Mar. 10, 1904 Jane Coombs- D e c . 2 1 , 1 8 8 3 Father Cooney- A p r . 8 , 1891 Seth Crane- - M a r. 2 0 , 1881 R e v. G e o r g e C r a v e n s - - D e c . 1 7 , 1 8 8 7 William Crawftrd-Dec. 18, 1895 Andre C r i s t o n - - M a r. 9 , 1 8 8 5 F. F . C r o s b y , J r . - - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 1 Emily C u r t i s - O c t . 1 8 , 1904 Laura D a i n t y --Feb. 1 6 , 1884; N o v. 2 2 , 1884 Henry C . D n e - M a r . 2 2 , 1 8 9 2 Hon. D a n i e l D a u g h e r t y - F e b . 1 7 , 1 8 9 1 E. L . D a v e n p o r t . J r . - - A p r . 3 , 1 8 8 3 Fanny D a v e n p o r t - N o v . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 H. R e e v e s D a v i e s - F e b . 1 0 , 1 8 9 2 Charles L . D a v i s - - A p r. 5 , 1884; Dec. 29-30, 1886; Dec. 9 , 1890 Julia Davis- O c t . 23, 1883 Hon. F r a n k A . D e a n - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 8 9 0 Edward D e l a n e y - S e p . 2 7 , 1 9 0 4 Juno B . D c - m o t i e - - M a r. 1 5 , 1 8 9 2 John B . D e M o t t e - M a r . 1 3 , 1 8 9 5 ; N o v. 2 5 , 1901 Alice Deprey-Jiiiy 4, 1883 J. J . Desmond- O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 6 Anna E . D i c k i n s o n - - O c t . 4 , 1 8 8 8 John D i l l o n - J u l y 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 ; J a n . 1 4 , 1 8 9 1 ; O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 2 ; Ye t ) . ? t i . 1 8 W - , Annie D i l l y - J a n . o , 1 8 9 D Thomas D i x o n , 1 1 , 1891 FraWt: D o a n ; i - r ) c c . 7 , , 1 8 9 3 T h e D o n a i a t t a - - 0 c t . 2 9 , 1 90 I ; n a r . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Marie Denirm-ik--Wty 2 3 , 1 9 0 4 �243 Paul B. D u C h a i l l e r - - D e c . 2 8 , 1892 L i l l i a n D u n s t o n - - N o v. 1 1 , 1 8 8 5 Abe E a r l y - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 8 Esther Early- O c t . 24, 1898 J u l i a n Edwards- - O c t . 1 0 , 1904 Eda E l i e l - - F e b . 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 Sidney R. E l l i s - - N o v. 2 4 , 1888 Elmore S i s t e r s - - A u g . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 B l a n c h Emmet- - A u g . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 Grace Emmett- - S e p . 9 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 0 J. K . Emmett- J u n e 6 , 1884 Katie Emmett- - A p r. 1 , 1902 Rose E y t i n g e - A p r . 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 Carol Ezier--Sep. 5 , 1893 To n y F a r r e l l - - M a r . 2 8 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a r . 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 Anna E v a F a y - - M a r . 1 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 2 0 , 1 8 9 4 Al. W. F e l s o n - A p r . 4 , 1885 Cora E . F e r r i s - - A p r . 2 4 , 1 8 8 4 Perkins D. F i s h e r --Mar. 2 3 , 1891 Kate F i t z g i b b o n - - A u g . 2 4 - 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Wm. H . F i t z g e r a l d - - F e b . 2 , 1 8 8 3 James P . F l e m i n g - M a r . 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Bishop F o l e y - A p r . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1890 Inez Forman- D e c . 2 , 1901 Evelyn Foster- A p r . 6 , 1885 Richie Foy--Oct. 17, 1895 Sid C. France--Dec. 1 6 , 1887 Gustave F r a n k e l - - D e c . 7 , 1 8 9 7 Mrs. F r e n c h -Sheldon- - O c t . 1 7 , 1894 Alberta G a l l a t i n --Mar. 1 4 , 1900 Charles A . Gardner--Dec. 2 8 , 1883; N o v. 5 , 1888 Washington G a r d n e r - - M a r. 1 1 , 1 8 9 0 ; O c t . 2 7 , 1 8 9 4 J. Knox Gavin--Sep. 2 - 7 , 1895; Sep. 2 0 - 2 5 , 1897 J. W r i g h t G i d d i n g s - D e c . 6 , 1 9 0 0 Raymund G i l b e r t - - S e p . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Harry G i l f o i l - S e p . 27, 1900 Barnie Gilmore- J a n . 3 , 1903 Drucie Gilmore - M a y 11 , 1892 Kate G l a s s f o r d - - D e c . 1 4 - 1 9 , 1 8 8 5 Richar0 Golden--Feb. 1 2 , 1903 D i c k Gorman- D e c . 1 , 1 8 8 6 J. Newton G o t t s o i d - A p r. 2 3 , 1383 John B . Gough- N o y . 2 6 , 1 8 3 4 Maud G r a n c e r - O c t . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 W i l l i s Granger- N o v. 10, 1902 Ada G r a y - - J a n . 2 3 , 1 8 8 4 ; D e c . 1 3 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 1 2 , 1 8 8 9 Thomas E . G r e e n - J a n . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 John 5 r L f f i t h - S e p . 2 0 , 1 8 9 3 ; J a n . �24 Troja Griswold--Mar. 3 0 , 1892 Carrie E. Hale--Feb. 5 , 1889 Harriet Hale--Mar. 2 8 , 1894 E d i t h H a l l - - N o v. 2 5 , 1895 Jessie Mae H a l l - - S e p . 2 1 - 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 Charles Hampton--Mar. 1 5 , 1897 C. H a n d y s i d e - - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 Charles B. Hanford--Dec. 4 , 1896; May 23, 1904 Edwin H a n f o r d - - F e b . 1 5 , 1888; D e c . 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 Lela Harlow--Dec. 1 8 , 1894 Roberts Harper--Jan. 2 7 , 1893 George H a t h a w a y - - N o v. 2 7 , 1 9 0 2 J. J . Hayes- - F e b . 5 , 1 8 8 4 Marie Haynes--Mar. 2 1 , 1889 Mabel H a z e l t o n - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 A d e l l H a z l e t t - - N o v. 5 , 1888 Alma H e a r n - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Dr. James H e d l e y - - N o v. 7 , 1 8 9 0 John E . H e n s h a w - - A p r. 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 Percy Herbert- - O c t . 2 5 , 1904 Selam Herman- - D e c . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 Hermann t h e G r e a t - - A p r . 1 3 , 1 9 0 3 Agnes H e r n d o n - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 0 Miss H e x t - - N o v. 9 , 1 8 9 6 George S . H i c k e y - - M a y 9 - 1 0 , 1 8 8 7 Wilbur Higby--Apr. 1 4 , 1904 Charles Higgins--Mar. 2 8 , 1890 L. C . H i g g i n s - - O c t . 2 3 , 1 8 8 3 Blanche Howard- - J a n . 5 , 1893 Wright Huntington--Sep. 15-17, 1902 Ann H u t c h i n s o n - - J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 6 Ida Hutten--Aug. 2 4 , 1884 John E . I n c e - - S e p . 3 - 4 , 1 8 8 3 Robert G. I n g e r s o l l --Feb. 2 0 , 1892; A p r . 9 , 1896 Lenora Jackson- - O c t . 2 6 , 1901 Louis James- - N o v. 2 5 , 1890 Janauschek--Feb. 1 7 , 1888; Mar. 1 3 , 1890 Marie Jansen--Feb. 11 , 1898 Harold Jarvis--Jan. 9 , 1899 Thomas J e f f e r s o n - - O c t . 5 , 1 9 0 1 ; O c t . 8 . , 1 9 0 2 C a r r o l l Johnson- - N o v. 1 5 , 1893 Sadie Johnson- - F e b . 6 , 1 8 8 3 Silene Johnson--Apr. 1 7 , 1895 Emily Kean- - M a r. 1 1 , 1886 Frank Keenan--Dec. 4 , 1900 T h o m a s K e e n e - A p r . 9 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a y 1 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; D o c . 14 1 8 9 6 Francis Clement K e l l e y --Dec. 1 8 , 1899 �245 Clara Louise Kellogg--Dec. 7 , 1883 D a n i e l A . K e l l y - - N o v. 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 Joe K e l l y - - M a r. 1 0 , 1 9 0 4 Retta Kempton-Feb. 1 7 , 1893 Ezra K e n d a l l - - N o v. 3 , 1893 George K e n n a n - A p r . 5 , 1 8 8 9 N e l l i e Kennedy--Feb. 23-28, 1903 Alberta Kern--Apr. 7 , 1890 Kathryn Kidder--Dec. 7 , 1897 Wallace K i n g - - F e b . 4 , 1 8 8 7 Marie K i n z i e --Sep. 2 - 7 , 1895 George K l i m t - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Roselle K n o t t - - N o v. 1 6 , 1903; N o v. 2 9 , 1904 L. A . L a B o r g e - - N o v. 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 Frank Lander--Mar. 1 4 , 1900 C. B . L a n d i s - - N o v . 7 , 1 9 0 2 Edmund L a w r e n c e - A p r . 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 John Lawrence- - S e p . 1 8 , 1 8 8 5 E. M . L a y c o c k - - J a n . 2 4 , 1 9 0 4 Kirke L a S h e l l e - O c t . 10, 1904 H e r b e r t Wood L e a c h - - A p r . 1 7 - 1 8 , 1 8 8 5 Amy L e e - D e c . 5 , 1 8 9 5 Edwin A . L e e - - S e p . 2 7 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 3 Rose L e l a n d - - O c t . 8 , 1 8 9 6 A. B . L e o n a r d - - F e b . 2 7 , 1 8 9 2 Hennessy L e r o y l e - - M a r. 2 8 , 1 8 9 8 ; A p r . 1 8 , 1 8 9 8 Lcuisa L e t t a - - J a n . 1 6 , 1891 Dorothy Lewis- A p r . 3 , 1900 J. C . L e w i s - S e n . 7 , 1903 Jeffreys Lewis--Apr. 23, 1883 Louise L l e w e l l y n - O c t . 7 , 1898 Maude L e o n e - - A u g . 1 8 - 2 3 , 1 9 0 2 J. C . Lewes- A u g . 2 8 , 1902 Thomas L i s b o u r n e - O c t . 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 L i t t l e G o l d i e - O c t . 2 1 , 1891 Charles A . Loder--Apr. 4 , 1894 Lena L o e b - - A p r . 2 8 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 0 Sam L u c a s - - F e b . 4 , 1 8 8 7 Lewis A . Mabb--Dec. 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 B. M c A u l e y - S e p . 1 2 , 1 8 8 4 McCabe a n d M a c k - S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 Thomas M c C l a r y - M a r . 2 3 . 1 9 0 0 A. W . F . M c C o l l i n - - O c t . 2 0 , 1 8 8 5 Eddie McDonalu--Oct. 3 1 , 1 9 0 1 ; N o v. 7 , 1901 John J . M c G i n n u s - - N c v. 3 , 1 8 9 7 N e l l i e M c : H e n r y - N o v. i i , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v. 1 8 , i 8 9 2 R e v. P r . b e r t M c . f . n t y f e - F e b . 1 9 , 1 8 8 9 W i l l i a m Mack- A u g . 1 8 - 2 3 , 1902 J4mes B . M a c k i e - M a r . 4 , 1 8 9 8 �246 J. H . McLaughlin--Mar. 1 0 , 1884 Frank E. McNish--Oct. 8 , 1896 Stanley Macy- - A p r. 1 3 - 1 4 , 1885 W i l l i a m C. M a n d e v i l l e - - N o v. 2 6 , 1899 Robert M a n t e l l - - A p r. 1 7 , 1889; Dec. 1 2 , 1894; Feb. 2 , 1899; Sep. 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 ; F e b . 7 , 1 9 0 3 Ve r n a M a r i e - - M a y 3 , 1 9 0 2 Paulene Markham- - N o v. 1 9 , 1887 To m M a r k s - - A p r . 2 8 - M a y 3 , 1 9 0 2 N e l l i e Marr--Mar. 2 1 , 1889 Edward R . M a r s d e n - - F e b . 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 Lawrence M a r s t o n - - N o v. 1 1 , 1 8 8 5 Jean Mawson--May 1 0 , 1 8 9 9 Mita Maynard- - O c t . 1 , 1895 George D . M e l v i l l e - - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 2 M i l l i e Method--Oct. 2 9 , 1895 M a r i e M e t h u a - - S e p . 3 0 , 190.1 Vera M i c h e l e n a - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Jahu D e W i t t M i l l e r - - O c t . 2 5 , 1 8 8 9 George C . M i l n - - A p r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 6 Maggie M i t c h e l l - - M a r. 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 ; F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 8 4 ; D e c . 2 0 , 1 8 3 9 Whitney Mockridge--Mar. 2 9 , 1893 Mable Montgomery- - S e p . 2 7 , 1 9 0 0 Eleanor Montell--Dec. 9 , 1903 Adelaide Moore--Oct. 4 , 1886 Bella Moore--Sep. 2 6 - 2 8 , 1883 Flora Moore- - O c t . 3 0 , 1883 Courtenay Morgan--May 16-21, 1898 Lizzie Mulvey--Oct. 17, 1892 Eunice Murdock--Aug. 1 , 1904 J. S . Murphy- J a n . 8 , 1885; May 8, 1888 Murray & Mack--Mar. 3 0 , 1898 Mysterious Oneida--Dec. 14, 1895 Cora N e i l s o n - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 Milton Nobles--Mar. 3 , 1884 Casey N o r r i s - - A u g . 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 ; J a n . 2 6 , 1 8 9 5 R e v. R o b e r t N o u r s e - - M a r . 6 , 1 8 8 8 ; N o v . 2 8 , 1 8 3 8 B i l l Nye- - J a n . 2 5 , 1892 George O b e r - - A u g . 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 Barney O ' B r a d y - M a y 11 , 1892 Nora O ' B r i e n - - M a r. 2 3 , 1 8 9 6 Augusta O h e s t l a m - F e b . 1 7 , 1890 Chauncey O l c o t t - M a r . 9 , 1 8 9 4 Eugene O ' R o u r k e - N o v . 2 7 , 1 8 9 3 J. J . Owen--Sep. 4 - 9 , 1 8 9 9 J. A . O w e n s - - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 Claire Paige-DEc. 2 6 , 1904 Ralph F a r i e t t - M a r . 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 �247 Charles T. P a r s l o e - - M a r. 1 8 , 1884 Walter Perkins- F e b . 1 6 , 1900 Edmund T . P h e l a n - - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 8 9 Quinn P h i l l i p s - - M a y 11 , 1 8 9 5 Jennie P l a t t --Sep. 2 0 - 2 5 , 1897 J. C . Podgett--Sep. 1 8 , 1886 Helen P o t t e r - - A p r. 2 4 , 1883 Leland Powers- D e c . 3 0 , 1889; J a n . 1 3 , 1891 Daisy Ramsden--Feb. 2 , 1883; S e p . 11 , 1883 J o h n W. R a n s o m e - - A p r . 2 6 , 1 8 8 9 0 11 i e R e d p a t h - - F e b . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 Roland Reed- - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 2 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; D e c . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; M a r. 1 1 , 1 8 8 6 James R e i l l y - - J a n . 6 , 1 8 9 1 R e m e n y i - - N o v. 8 , 1 8 8 3 ; J a n . 2 1 , 1 8 9 6 J. N . R e n t f r o w - O c t . 1 7 , 1882 Camilla Reynolds--Dec. 18, 1903 Rhea- S e p . 2 2 , 1 8 2 4 ; D e c . 3 , 1 8 8 8 Richards & C a n f i e l d - F e b . John R i g g s - J u l y 1 6 , 1 3 8 3 Spillman Riggs--Feb. 1 8 , 1902 J. W. R i l e y --Dec. 1 9 , 1884 James W h i t c o m b R i l e y - - F e b . 1 3 , 1 8 8 5 D. W . R o b e r t s o n - - F e b . 5 , 1 8 8 4 M i l t o n Roblee--Mar. 2 1 , 1889 Stuart Rogers- M a r . 3 , 1885 Fred R o t h s t e i n - J u l y 6 , 1885 Cecil Ruse- M a r . 2 1 , 1889 Sol S m i t h R u s s 3 11 - - A p r. 8 , 1 8 8 4 ; A p r . 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; J a n . 1 6 , 1 8 8 8 William J. Scanlan--May 3, 1884; Sep. 1 5 , 1884; May 25, 1885; Jan. 1 9 , 1 8 8 6 ; J a n . 1 4 , 1 8 8 7 ; M a y 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 ; S e p . 2 7 , 1889 Alfred L. Schwartz- J u l y 6, 1885 Minnie Seward- M a r . 1 7 , 1891 Percy Sharpe- O c t . 1 , 1895 G o v. S h a w - O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 0 Mary Shaw- - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 3 Dan S h e r m a n - D e c . 5 , 1 9 0 1 William H. Sherwood- M a y 27-June 1 , 1895 S. S . S i m p s o n . - S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 2 J o s e Sisson- O c t . 1 7 , 1382; N o v. 2 6 , 1885 Oscar S i s s o n - - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 Otis Sklur.er--M7. 22, 1900 F r a n k W. S m i t h - N o v . 5 , 1 8 8 9 Sid Smith- S e p , 3 , 1884 William Alden S,:nith-Oct. 13, 1,S6 Albert J . Sprague- A a r . 1 6 , 1394 Joseph S p r a z u - - M a y 4 , 1 9 0 0 William S t a f f o r d - A p T. 6 , 1885 �248 Katharine Standish--Sep. 4 - 9 , 1899 Bosie Stevens- - N o v. 2 0 , 1 8 9 7 Mate S t e v e n s - - D e c . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 Adlai Stevenson--Oct. 2 4 , 2900 J. C . ( F a t t y ) Stewart--Apr. 2 6 , 1895 Helen Stickland--Jan. 3 0 , 1895 Alma S t i r l i n g - - D e c . 2 5 , 1 9 0 2 Mable S t r i c k l a n d - - S e p . 3 0 , 1 9 0 1 Carrie Stuart--Apr. 1 4 , 1883 Julia Stuart--Sep. 7 , 1900 John L . S u l l i v a n - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 2 2 , 1 8 9 3 Ti m o t h y E . Ta r s n e y - - S e p . 1 6 , 1 8 9 6 Bessie Ta y l o r - M a r . 1 6 - 1 7 , 1885 F a y Te m p l e t o n - M a r . 2 0 , 1 8 8 3 S i d n e y Thomas- F e b . 6 , 1 8 9 6 Denman T h o m p s o n - N o v . 1 0 , 1 8 8 4 ; O c t . 3 , 1 8 9 3 John T h o m p s o n - J a n . 1 , 1 8 9 0 J. E . To o l e - - N o v. 2 2 , 1 8 9 5 P a t t i To s a - D e c . 2 8 , 1883 A l b i o n W. T o - a r g e e - O c t . 2 7 , 1 8 9 6 R. F . T r e v a l l i c k - M a y 3 , 1 8 8 6 Augusta True- N o v . 2 4 , 1904 Mazie Tr u m b u l l - O c t . 1 9 , 1 9 0 0 ; S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 Hon. J e r o m e W. T u r n e r - O c t . 2 9 , 1 8 9 0 John T y l e r - J u l y 1 6 , 1 8 8 5 Camilla lirso-May 25, 1883 Cora Va n Ta s s e l l - - M a y 3 0 - 3 1 , 1 9 0 4 Olga Verne- - 0 c . 6 , 1 9 0 4 Charles E r i n Verner- J a n . 3 1 , 1889 Agnes W a l l a c e V i l l a - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 0 Mary Vo k e ! ; - - N o v. 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 James W a i t - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 Jule Walters- O c t . 7 , 1898 E. L . W a l t o n - - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 8 3 G i p s y Ward- O c t . 5 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 W. C . W a r n e r - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 0 Wrightson Warner--Jan. 1 4 , 1901 Imogene W a s h t u r n e - O c t . 1 7 , 1 3 9 2 C a r r i e Webber- O c t . 6 , 1 8 8 5 H a r r y Webber--,71ct. 6 , 3 8 5 L i z a Weber- M a r . 2 9 . 1 8 8 6 Gus W e i n b u r g - S e p . 5 . 1 8 9 3 Bertha Welby--Mar. 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 George R . l e n d l i n g - N o v . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v. 2 1 , 1 9 9 4 Ned W e n t - - F = . b . 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 J o s e p h F . S h e l o . : - . . k - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 P o r t e r J . Wri-Lte--Oct. 2 , ; 8 9 9 ; N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 : 0,;;_. 6 , 190'4 �249 Walker W h i t e s i d e s - - S e p . 2 9 , 1 8 9 7 ; J a n . 9 Bertha W i l b y - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 George W i l l a r d - - A p r . 2 0 , 1 8 9 6 Katherine W i l l a r d --May 19, 1902 Gus W i l l i a m s - - A u g . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a r . 1 4 , L o t t i e W i l l i a m s - - N o v. 1 9 , 1891 R e v. A . A . W i l l i t t s - - M a r . 2 7 , 1 8 8 9 ; D e c . Harrison J . W o l f e - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 9 0 4 Morgan Wood- - F e b . 8 , 1 8 9 5 Aaron H . Woodhull - - M a r. 3 0 , 1 8 9 2 Harrison J . Woolfe--Jan. 4 , 1900; Mar. 8 Alvin Wyckoff- - O c t . 2 6 , 1904 Judge Y a p l e - - S e p . 9 , 1 8 9 5 Lydia Ye a m a n - - A p r. 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 To t Yo u n g - - O c t . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Gertrude Zimmer- - N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 Madelon Z o l o - - J a n . 1 , 1 8 8 4 , 1904 1889 3 , 1889 , 1900 �250 Ta b l e # 2 ; Adrif After All a Alvin I n d e x to the Plays t i n New Yo r k - - J u n e 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 Tw e n t y Ye a r s - - S e p . 1 9 , 1 9 0 0 Mistake- J u n e 14, 1902 Joslin--Apr. 1 , 1884; Dec. 29-30, 1886; Dec. 9 , 1890; Jan. 2 2 , 1901 American G e n t h m a n - N o v. 2 7 , 1902 An A r i s t o c r a t i c T r a m p - M a r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 An Enemy t o t h e K i n g - - J a n . 2 7 , 1 8 9 9 An I n d i a n a Romance- - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 3 Andersonville-Feh. 19-21, 1885 Angel o f t h e A l l e y --Mar. 2 5 , 1904 Arizona--Dec. 1 2 , 1904 Around t h e W s r l d i n E i g h t y Days- - M a r. 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Arrah-na-pougue-Mar. 9 , 1889 As Y o u L i k e I t - - D e c . 1 8 , 1 9 0 3 At t h e French B a l l - - J a n . 5 , 1898 Bad B o y - - D e c . 1 0 , 1 8 8 7 The B a n k e r ' s D a u g h t e r - N o v . 2 9 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a y 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 1 5 , 1885 A B a r r e l o f Money--Sep. 9 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 0 ; D e c . 1 2 , 1 8 9 0 B e l l s o f S h a n d o n - N o v. 3 , 1 8 9 7 Ben H u r - - N o v . 1 1 - 1 2 , 1 8 9 0 Bessie's Burglar- O c t . 6 , 1885 The B e s t N e w E n g l a n d L a n d S t o r y E v e r W r i t t e n - D e c . 8 , 1 9 0 4 Bewitched- J a n . 1 6 , 1888 Beyond t h e A t l a n t i c - A u g . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 Black C r o o k - - o v. 4 , 1882; Feb. 2 3 . 1895 The B l a c k Y l a g . - - S e p . 2 0 , 1 8 9 7 ; A p r . 2 5 , 1 8 9 8 ; S e p . 4 , 1 8 9 9 A Black Mother- A p r . 8 , 1899 The E o h e m i a n - I d e c . 1 , 1 8 8 5 Bohemian G i r l - - J u n e 1 5 - 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 The B o n d m a n - O c t . 1 , 1 9 0 3 A Brass 7Aenkey-0ct. 19. 1900 A B r e e z y Time- A p r . 5 , 1 8 9 5 ; M a r. 2 2 , 1 8 9 8 ; A u g . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 The B r o m m a k e r o f C a r l s b a d - - J a n . 6 , 1 8 9 1 Brother Agains 3.roth-,,r--Sep. 2 4 , 1894 Brown's i n To r : - - J a n . 4 , 1900 A Bunch o f Keys- O c t . 3 0 , 1883; Feb. 1 8 , 1096 Burr Oaks--May 2 , 1 3 2 8 The C a l l O f U s - M a y 1 0 , 1 8 9 9 Camille- M a y 3 0 . 1 9 0 4 ; J u n e 2!J, 1 9 0 4 Cannen B a i l E x p r e s s - - O c t . 1 9 , i 8 9 9 X - T Z I T I e l J o k e - F e b . ;,'; 1 8 9 8 . Carrots- A p r . 2.J, 1395 Casey's N i f e - N ' o v. 1 5 , 189 El77 A d r i f t - S e u . 2 9 , 1903 �251 Caste- - A p r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 Caught i n t h e Webb- S e p . 1 5 - 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 The C e n s u s T a k e r - - S e p . 2 4 , 1 8 9 5 Chain L i g h t n i n g - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Cheek- - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 2 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; F e b . 2 3 , 1 9 0 3 C h a r i t y B a l l - - N o v. 1 5 , 1 8 9 4 Charley's Aunt- - M a r. 1 5 , 1895 A C h i c a g o Tramp- - S e p . 2 7 , 1 9 0 4 The C h r i s t i a n - - S e p . 7 , 1 9 0 0 The C h i m e s o f N o r m a n d y - - M a y 8 - 9 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 1 Chinese Honeymoon- - A p r . 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 Chip 0 ' t h e O l d B l o c k - - M a r. 1 2 , 1891 The C h u r c h A c r o s s t h e Wa y - - A u g . 2 0 , 1 9 0 4 C i n d e r e l l a - - M a r. 1 , 1890 C i t y D i r e c t o r y - - O c t . 1 5 , 1891 Cleo- - F e b . 2 6 , 1 8 8 7 C l a i r e a n d t h e F o r g e M a s t e r - - M a r. 1 8 , 1 8 8 7 A C o l d Day--Feb. 2 9 , 1888; M a r. 2 3 , 1891 Colleen Bawn--Sep. 2 1 , 1885; O c t . 3 , 1903 Colorado- - N o v. 2 5 , 1 9 0 3 Confusion- F e b . 2 7 , 1885; A p r. 2 5 , 1885 Conrad- - D e c . 1 , 1 8 8 6 The C o n v i c t ' s D a u g h t e r - - D e c . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 The C o u n t e o f M o n t e C r i s t o - - A u g . 1 8 , 1 9 0 4 The C o u n t r y G i r l - - J u n e 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 A Country K i d - A p r . 11 , 1904 The C o u n t y F a i r - A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v . 2 5 , 1 9 0 2 Cousin K a t e - - N o v. 2 9 , 1904 A Cracker Jack--Sep. 5 , 1892 The C r i m e s o f L o n d o n - J a n . 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 C r i s p a - J a n . 1 6 , 1891 Dad's B o y --Feb. 2 5 , 1990 The D a g g e r a n d t h e C r o s s - S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 ; F e b . 7 , 1 9 0 3 The D a i r y F a r m - - A u g . 2 8 , 1 9 0 0 The D a n i t e s - - M a r . 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 The D a r k S i d e o f a G r e a t C i t y - N o v . 1 2 , 1 9 0 4 Darkest Russia--Sep. 2 0 , 1899 David H a r r u m - N o v. 3 , 1 9 0 2 ; D e c . 1 , 1904 Davy C r o c k e t t - - O c t . 2 3 - 2 5 , 1 8 9 0 A Day and a N i g h t --Feb. 2 , 1900; Feb. 11 , 1901 The D a z z l e r - - N o v . 5 , 1 8 9 4 The D e v i l ' s A u c t i o n - M a r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 7 ; A p r . 6 , 1 9 0 3 A D e v i l ' s Lane- A u g . 2 9 , 1904 The D e v i l ' s M i n e - - O c t . 3 0 - 3 1 , 1 8 8 9 A Diamond M y s t e r y - - S e p . 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 ; D e c . 2 3 , 1 8 8 9 Divorce- S e p . 2 6 , 1887 Dodging- M a y 1 9 & 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 D o l l y ' L u c k - O c t . 9 , 1883 p o r o t h r - O c t . 30, 1893 Down a n d U p - F e b . 2 , 1 9 0 4 �252 Dr. J e k y l a n d M r. Hyde- - J u n e 1 0 , 1904 A Dress Rehearsal--June 8, 1894 The D r u n k a r d ' s D a u g h t e r - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 8 2 East Lynne- - J a n . 2 3 , 1884; Dec. 1 9 , 1885; Dec. 1 3 , 1886; Dec. 2 , 1 9 0 1 ; J u n e 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 ; N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 4 Edgewood F o l k s - - A p r . 8 , 1 8 8 4 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 5 Editha's Burglar- F e b . 5 , 1897 Eight B e l l s --Apr. 3 , 1897 El Oapitan-Nov. 26, 1898 The E n d o f t h e W o r l d - S e p . 1 4 , 1 8 9 4 Enock A r d e n - - M a r. 7 , 1 8 8 5 ; S e p . 2 , 1 8 8 6 Erminie--Sep. 11 , 1889; May 3, 1899 Esmeralda--Oct. 2 6 , 1882; O c t . 1 , 1891; N o v. 2 6 , 1901 Evangeline- - N o v. 6 , 1891 The E v i l E y e - - O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 1 ; J a n . 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Fabio Romani- - O c t . 2 1 , 1889 The F a k i r - - N o v . 6 , 1 8 8 9 Falka--Mar. 3 1 , 1 8 9 0 Fanchon-Mar. 1 3 , 1883; O c t . 1 , 1887; M a r. 9 , 1889 The F a s t M a i l - - O c t . 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 ; A p r . 8 , 1 8 9 6 ; F e b . 1 2 , 1 8 9 7 The F a t M e n ' s C l u b - - J a n . 1 2 , 1 8 9 2 Father and Son--Sep. 2 3 , 1895 Fatherland- - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 8 Faust--Sep. 2 0 , 1 8 9 3 ; N o v. 1 5 , 1895; F e b . 11 , 1896; F e b . 7 , 1898; O c t . 3 1 , 1 8 9 8 ; O c t . 2 , 1 8 9 9 ; N o v . 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 ; N o v. 2 1 , 1 9 0 1 ; O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 4 Faust and M a r g u e r i t e - O c t . 2 2 , 1886 Felicia--Apr. 29, 1885; May 16, 1898 F e l i x McKu3ick--Apr. 8 , 1886 The F i g h t i n g P a r s o n - - A p r . i 4 , 1 9 0 4 The F i n i s h o f M r . F r e s h - - O c t . 9 , 1 8 9 9 Finnigan's B a l l --Mar. 3 0 , 1895; J a n . 4 1 8 9 9 ; J a n . 1 9 , 1901 Finnigan's 400--Feb. 28, 1900 The F i r e m a n ' s W a r J - F e b . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 Florodora--Feb. 16, 1903 T h e F l o w e r Q u , ? e n - - F, t h . 1 1 , 1 8 9 3 Fogg's F e r r y - - p r . 1 4 , 1833; Sep. 2 6 , 1883 For Love anci H o n i - r - S e p . 2 8 , 1 9 0 3 For Love's Sake- S e p . 7 0 , 1901 For P o s i t i . m F i J n o r - - N o v . 2 6 , 1905 Forget-me-not--'!iar. 1 5 8 9 ; O c t . 4 , 1891 1472- F e b . 9 M r . 15, 1899 Grancipa-Cec. 1 0 , 1902 Foxy Q u i l l - r - - F e b . 1 2 , 1 9 0 3 The F r e n c h S p y - - F e b . 2 8 , 1 8 8 3 ; A p r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 F r i e n d a n d ..Fe- - M a y 3 , 1 5 8 h ; M3y 2 5 . 1 6 8 3 Fritz i n Ireind--June 6, !884 TE4277Frolit:: a Uuv--ect. 13, 1883 Prow-Fre74,--.Dec. 1 5 , 1 8 5 �253 Fun b y E x p r e s s - - O c t . 5 , 1 8 9 1 Fun i n a B o a r d i n g S c h o o l - - S e p . 3 - 4 , 1 8 8 3 F u r n i s h e d Rooms- D e c . 1 4 , 1 8 8 8 The G a l e s o f J u s t i c e - - M a y 7 , 1 9 0 0 Georgia Rose--May 28, 1903 Ghosts- - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 3 The G i r l a n d t h e J u d g e - - D e c . 9 , 1 9 0 3 The G i r l f r o m C a l c u t t a - - N o v . 2 8 , 1 9 0 0 The G i r l I L e f t B e h i n d Me- - A p r . 1 7 , 1 8 9 5 The G i r l I L o v e - - F e b . 2 , 1 3 8 3 The G i r l i n t h e B a r r a c k s - - N o v . 1 8 , 1 9 0 1 Girofle-Girofla--Oct. The G l o b e T r o t t e r - - S e p . 1 5 - 1 7 , 1 9 0 2 Golden H a i r and t h e Three Bears- - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 5 Grand Duchess- - O c t . 9 , 1 8 8 6 Great M e t r o p o l i s - - J a n . 26-28, 1891 The G r e a t W h i t e D i a m o n d - - F e b . 1 9 , 1 9 0 4 Grimes' C e l l a r Door--Mar. 4 , 1898 A G u i l t y Mother--Aug. 23, 1902 Gypsy J a c k - - N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 2 Hamlet- S e p . 2 9 , 1 8 9 7 ; N o v. 2 4 , 1904 Hans, t h e German D e t e c t i v e - - D e c . 5 , 1 8 8 7 Hazel K i r k - A p r . 3 , 1883; Feb. 2 4 , 1885; M a r. 1 5 , 1887 The H e a d W a i t e r s - - M a r . 1 0 , 1 9 0 4 The H e a r t o f C u b a - M a y 2 0 , 1 8 9 8 H e a r t s o f t h e -Siete R i d g e - - A p r . 3 , 1 9 0 0 The H e a r t h s t o n e s - M a r . 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 Held b y t h e Enemv-Mar. 7 , 1892; A u g . 2 3 , 1898 Hermann t h e G r e a t - - N o v . 2 2 , 1 8 9 9 Hooligan's qroubles-Dec. 20, 1904 A H o u s e o f To o M u c h T r o u b l e - - M a y 2 7 , 1 9 0 3 The H i d d e n H a n d - - D e c . 2 5 , 1 8 8 2 ; S e p . 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 His F i r s t Love - A u g . 2 0 , 1 9 0 2 HMS P i n a f o r e - A p r . 2 9 , 1 3 8 7 H o i t y - To i t y - F e b . 1 7 , 1904 The H o l y C i t v - - S e p . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Home L i g h t s - N o v . 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 Hoop o f G o l d - - J a n . 2 , 1 8 9 2 A H o t T i m e I n t h e O l d To w n - M a y 2 6 , 1 8 9 9 How H o p p e r W a s S i 1 c T r a c k e d - - O c t . 7 , 1 8 9 8 A H u g h Joke--j,..:tn. I , 1 8 9 0 H u m b u g - - D e- c . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; M a r . 1 7 , 1 8 8 6 ; S e p . 2 3 , : 9 0 : H u m p t y - D u m p t v - Y a y 3 , 1 8 8 3 ; D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a r . ::28 & 3 0 , 1 8 8 5 ; Jan. 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 ; F e b . 1 5 , 1 9 0 1 ; O c t . 3 1 A N o v, 7 , 1 9 0 1 ; Sep. 1 7 1 1 9 0 4 The H i l n c h b a c i ‘ - . . . i o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 The H u s t l e r - - N o , r . 2 3 , 1 8 9 4 In A t l a n t i c Citi.--Oct. 25, 1897 �254 I n C o n v i c t S t r i p e s - - N o v. 2 4 , 1903 I n Gay P a r i s - - J a n . 1 3 , 1898 In t h e Service o f Mankind--Aug. 1 7 , 1904 In t h e Swim--May 1 , 1888 I n O l d K e n t u c k y - - N o v. 6 , 1 8 9 6 Ingomar--Feb. 2 6 , 1885; May 5, 1885 Innocent S a l t --Mar. 1 , 1890 Inshavogue--Apr. 2 1 , 1 8 8 5 ; A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 8 6 ; S e p . 2 6 , 1 8 9 5 Interviews--Mar. 3 , 1884 Iolanthe--Apr. 2 4 , 1884 The I s l e o f Champagne- - D e c . 2 1 , 1 8 9 7 The I r i s h H e r o - J u n e 1 2 , 1 9 0 2 The I r i s h M i n s t r e l - - S e p . 1 5 , 1 8 8 4 The I r i s h P a w n b r o k e r s - - S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 The I r i s h S t a t e s m a n - - N o v. 1 5 , 1 8 9 3 Iron Ring--Dec. 12, 1889 Jack Cade- - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 6 Jane- - M a y 1 5 , 1 8 9 4 The J e r s e y m a n - - S e p . 1 2 , 1 8 8 4 Jim, t h e Penman- - D e c . 1 7 , 1 8 9 0 J.L.S.--Mar. 5 , 1889 The J o h n s t o w n F l o o d - - J a n . 1 9 , 1 9 0 4 Joshua S i m p k i n s - - J u n e 1 8 , 1 8 9 8 Joshua W h i t o m b - - N o v. 1 0 , 1 8 8 4 Julius Caesar--Dec. 4 , 1896 J u s t S t r u c k To w n - - M a r . 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 Karl--Dec. 28, 1883 Keep i t D a r k - - N o v . 9 , 1 8 8 7 The K e r m i s - - S e p . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 Kerry Gow--Jan. 8 , 1885 Kidnapped i n New Yo r k - - J a n . 3 , 1 9 0 3 K i l l a r n e y and t h e Rhine- - N o v. 2 2 , 1895 The K i n d e r g a r t e n - - A p r . 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 4 , 1 8 8 5 King Dado--Jan. 4 , 1902 The K i n g o f t h e D e s e r t - N o v . 1 1 , 1 9 0 4 The K i n g o f t h e O p i u m R i n g - - J a n . 2 1 , 1 9 0 2 Kinks- - A p r. 4 , 1885 I T T F f e r ' s Fortunes--Mar. 1 4 , 1889 Kiss i n the Dark--May 20 & 22, 1885 K i t , t h e Arkansaw Traveler--Dec. 1 0 , 1891 16713bs O l T e n n e s s e e - - M a y 2 6 , 1 9 0 3 La B e l l e M a r i e - - J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 0 La B e l l e R u s s e - - A p r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 3 Lady o f L y o n s - - O c t . 4 , 1 8 8 6 the Lankashire Lass--June 25, 1904 L a r r i g a n ' s B a l l - - N o v. 2 0 , 1897 r i r t i c i e 4 7 - - A p r. 3 0 , 1890 The L a s t StreAce--Jan. 2 1 , 1 8 9 8 �255 La T o s c a - - N o v . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 L e g a l l y Dead- - A p r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 The L i a r s - - M a r . 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 The L i b e r t y B e l i e s - - F e b . 3 , 1 9 0 3 Lights O'London--May 20, 1890 The L i m i t e d M a i l - - F e b . 2 , 1 8 9 7 L i t t l e Alabama- M a r . 2 1 , 1904 The L i t t l e D e t e c t i v e - - O c t . 2 0 , 1 8 9 9 L i t t l e Lord Fauntleroy--Apr. 7 , 1890; Dec. 20, 1890 L i t t l e Muffets--Jan. 7 , 1884 L i t t l e N u g g e t t s - - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; J u n e 8 , 1 8 8 7 ; A u g . 1 3 , 1 8 8 7 ; Jan. 8 , 1 8 8 9 ; J a n . 9 , 1 8 9 1 ; May 11 , 1892 L i t t l e P a r d ' s M y s t e r y o f t h e B l a c k C r a i g --May 31, 1904 A L i t t l e Sinner--Aug. 24, 1903 L i t t l e Tycoon- - N o v. 3 0 , 1887 The L i t t l e V a g r a n t s - - J a n . 1 6 , 1 9 0 2 The L o n g S t r i k e - - S e p . 1 8 , 1 8 8 6 Lorley--Sep. 20, 1886; Dec. 20, 1887 Lost i n New Yo r k - J u n e 8 , 1 9 0 4 The L o s t P a r a d i s e - - N o v . 7 , 1 9 0 4 Lover's Lane--Sep. 25, 1902 A:Lucrative L i a r - M a r. 8 , 1900 Lynwood- - O c t . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; M a r . 6 , 1 8 8 9 Macbeth--May 1 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; M a r. 1 3 , 1 8 9 0 McSorley's I n f l a t i o n - - M a r. Madame S a n s G e n e - D e c . 7 , 1 8 9 7 Madame S a t a n - - A u g . 1 8 , 1 9 0 2 Maid o f A r i a n - - S e p . 2 1 - 2 2 , 1 8 8 2 Man a n d M a s t e r - - M a r . 2 , 1 8 9 6 The M a n f r o m B o s t o n - - D e c . 2 2 , 1 8 9 3 A Man o f Mystery - M a r . 2 7 - 2 8 , 1900; May 25, 1903; J u n e 7 , 1904 Marked. f.31. T , i f e - - D e c . 1 6 , 1 8 3 7 Married Lifo--Tjay 18, 1885 Tig7M--0ct. 13, 1885 FETE;Tt--Mar. 2 0 , 1 8 8 3 ; F e b . 2 , 1 8 8 8 ; S e p . 1 2 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 4 , 189 Mascott, Up t o Date--Sep. 20, 1894 Tison s Corner G i a c e r y - O c t . 2 1 , 1903 Mavolyrneen--ar. 9 , - 7 g 9 4 Meg M e r l f T c s - - i ' L b . 1 7 , 1 8 8 8 T h e M e r c h a n t o f Ve n i . c e m - M a r. 2 3 , 1 8 9 6 A Mes.singer-7-177i-77777-; S e c t i o n - - N o v. 1 6 , 1 8 8 2 ; S e p . 1 7 , 1 8 8 3 Michael S t r o i To f f - - c t . 1 2 , 1888; Sep. 8 , 1899 A Midnight C a l l - - O c t . 2 , 1S91 The M i d n i g h t E x 1 e - - J a n . 1 , 1 9 0 4 Midnight i n C h A t w n - - N o v . 15, 1900 The M i g h t y D n f l a r - M a r . M i k a l o - O c t . 2 0 . 1 8 8 3 ; 0..2t. 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; F e b . 1 8 8 3 ' Mive pot, W a i t e - - D c c . 1 , 1 9 0 3 �256 Miss Harum Scarum--Dec. 5 , 1895 Missouri--Aug. 5 , 1904 Misteltoe Bough--Dec. 5 , 1904 Mistic Mountain--Oct. 18, 1899 M ' L i s s - - N o v. 2 8 , 1 8 8 2 A Model Husband- - O c t . 2 4 , 1892; F e b . 8 , 1894 Monbars-Apr. 1 7 , 1889; Dec. 1 2 , 1894 A Montana O u t l a w - - N o v. 4 , 1 9 0 3 Monte C r i s t o - - S e p . 3 , 1 8 8 6 ; O c t . 7 , 1 8 8 7 The M o o n s h i n e r ' s D a u g h t e r - - A u g . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 Moselle- S e p . 2 2 , 1885 Mother's Love- M a y 1, 1890 A Mountain P i n k --Feb. 1 6 , 1884; N o v. 2 2 , 1884; O c t . 1 , 1887 Mr. B o b - J u l y 7 , 1 8 9 7 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 9 8 Mrs. B . O ' S h a u g h n e s s y - - N o v. 2 3 , 1 9 0 0 Much A d o A b o u t N o t h i n g . - - D e c . 3 , 1 8 8 8 Mugg's L a n d i n g --Dec. 1 2 , 1883 My A u n t A b b e y - - S e p . 1 , 1 8 9 4 My A u n t B r i d g e t - - J a n . 2 7 , 1 8 8 8 My C o l l e e n - M a r . 2 8 , 1 8 9 4 MY F r i e n d f r o m I n d i a - - F e b . 1 6 , 1 9 0 0 ; A u g . 2 1 , 1 9 0 2 My H u s b a n d - D e c . 1 3 , 1 8 8 8 My O r i e n t a l F r i e n d - - S e p . 2 9 , 1 9 0 2 My P a r t n e r - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 8 4 ; A u g . 3 0 , 1 3 8 6 ; N o v . 1 6 , 1 8 9 2 My W i f e ' s F r i e n d s - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 5 M y r l e s Arofyn--.1iep. 2 7 , 1 8 8 9 Myrtle Ferns- D e c . 3 1 , 1891 The N a i a d Q u e e n - N a r . 2 8 - 3 1 , 1 8 8 8 Nan t h e G o o d - f o r - a o t n i n g - S e p . 2 8 , 1 8 8 3 The N a n c y H a n k - F e b . i l , 1 8 9 8 Neck a n d N e c k - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 6 Nevada- - F e b . 8 , 1 9 0 1 The N e w D o m i n i o n - - J a n . 1 0 , 1 8 9 5 A New Ye a r ' s R e c e p t i o u - M a y 27, 1896; May 27, 1897 New Y o r k D a y b y D a y - - N o v . 1 9 , 1 8 9 1 Next Door- - F e b . 5 , 1901; Dec. 2 , 1902 A N i g h t a t t h e C i r c u s - - N o v. 1 1 , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v. 1 8 , 1 8 9 2 ; A p r . 25, 1 8 9 9 A Night Before Chris.tmas-Feb. 4 , 1904 Nigh* h a t c h - M a y 3 , 1e38 N i p and T u c k - - O c t . 6 , 1 8 8 5 A Noble Herione--Dec. 28, 1889 A Noble S i s t e r --Sep. 2 , 1895 Nobody's C h i l d - - N o v. 2 , ; 8 8 5 Nobody's Claim - - A p r. 1 4 , 1884 M i : s o u . r , r a 8 e - D e c . 24. 1895 Oh, W b a t a N i c l i t - - , 1 . p r . I t , 1 8 9 4 ; D e c . 2 7 , 1 8 9 4 1q0) Oid Dan 1 u c k t : ! r - - D 8 . 5 , It/02 �257 Old Homespun- - O c t . 3 , 1 8 9 3 Old J e d P r o u t y - - O c t . 3 0 , 1 9 0 2 Ole O l s o n - - D e c . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 Oliver Twist--Dec. 1 0 , 1888 Olivette--Jan. 31, 1884; Feb. 3 , 1888 On t h e B r i d g e a t M i d n i g h t - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 3 On t h e H u d s o n - - D e c . 1 6 , 1 8 8 9 On t h e W a b a s h - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 8 One o f t h e F i n e s t - - A u g . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 3 Only a F a r m e r ' s D a u g h t e r - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 ; J a n . 3 , 1 8 8 7 Ostler Joe--Feb. 1 7 , 1902 O t h e l l o - - N o v. 2 5 , 1 8 9 0 Other P e o p l e ' s Money--Nar. 2 8 , 1 8 9 8 ; A p r . 1 8 , 1 8 9 8 Our B o y s - - S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 Our F l a t s - - J a n . 1 0 , 1 8 9 6 Our I n f a n t - - J a n . 1 5 , 1 8 8 3 Our M o t h e r - - D e c . 2 3 , 1 8 8 2 Our S t r a t e g i s t s - - A u g . 2 7 , 1 8 9 4 Our Summer B o a r d e r s - - J a n . 1 , 1 8 8 4 Out o f B o n d a g e - - F e b . 4 , 1 8 8 7 The O u t c a s t s - - S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 9 4 Outcasts o f a G r e a t C i t y - - N o v. 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 A P a r l o r Match- J a n . 2 6 , 1886 Patent P i g h t - O c t . 5 , 1886 Patience--May 21, 1891 Paul K a u v a r - F e b . 2 3 , 1 8 9 2 The P e a r l o f S a v o y - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 8 4 ; F e b . 2 4 , 1 8 9 0 Peck's Bad Boy--Dec. 3 , 1894 Phenix- J a n . 4 , 1887 Photos- M a y 3 1 , 1 8 8 1 Pique- - D e c . 2 1 . 1 8 8 3 Plays and Players- O c t . 1 7 , 1895 The P o a c h e r ' s D o o m - - M a r . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 9 0 The P o l i c e P a t l - o l - O e t . 2 6 , 1 8 9 3 A Poor Relation--Dec. 4 , 1900 A Possible Case--Feb. 2 0 , 1889; O c t . 2 3 , 1889 The P o w e r B e h i n d t h e T h r o n e - - M a y 1 9 , 1 9 0 2 ; O c t . 1 7 , 1 9 0 2 The P o w e r o f t h e P r e s s - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 4 The P r e t t y P e r i n - - F e b . 3 , 1 8 9 1 The P r e t t y P u r i t a n - - O c t . 2 1 1 8 9 3 Prince o f Egypt- D e c . 1 8 - 1 9 , 1901 Princess Chic- O c t . 2 9 , 1903; Oct. 10, 1904 The P r i n c e s s i n P a t c h e s - - S e p . 2 1 . 1 8 9 6 The P r i n c e s s o f M a d a g a s c a r - F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 The P r i s o n e r o f Z e n d a - N o v . 6 , 1 9 0 2 The P r i v a t e S e c r e t a r y - M a r . 1 6 , 1 8 8 7 ; F e b . 1 0 , 1 8 9 2 The P u m p k i n H u s k e r - - J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 0 4 Pygmallion and Galatea--Sep. 2 7 , 1833; Mar. 4 , 1889 A R t i a l , r . W edinAr-Mar.23, 1 9 0 4 �258 Queen's E v i d e n c e - D e c . 1 6 & 1 9 , 1 8 8 5 Queen's Lace H a n d k e r c h i e f - O c t . 9 , 1886 Q u e e n a - - M a r. 1 4 & 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; M a r . 7 , 1 8 8 9 ; D e c . 1 5 , 1 8 9 0 Quincy Adams S a w y e r - - D e c . 8 , 1 9 0 4 Quo V a d i s - - F e b . 2 0 , 1 9 0 1 ; D e c . 2 3 , 1 9 0 1 Ranch 1 0 - - S e p . 3 , 1 8 8 4 ; N o v . 2 4 , 1 8 8 6 Richard I I I - A p r . 9 , 1883 Richard Carvel--Jan. 2 8 , 1902 R i p Va n W i n k l e - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 8 5 Sep. 4 , 1 8 8 6 ; M a r . 1 6 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a y 4 , 1 9 0 0 ; O c t . 5 , 1 9 0 1 ; Oct. 8 , 1902; Sep. 3 0 , 1903 Risen from t h e Ashes--Dec. 1 7 , 1885 The R i v a l s - - N o v . 2 6 , 1 9 0 0 R o a n o a k e - - N c v. 9 , 1 9 0 4 Robert Emmet- A u g . 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 Robin Hood- F e b . 1 2 , 1 8 9 5 A Rocky Mountain Waif--Oct. 2 1 , 1891 A Romance o f t h e S o u t h - O c t . 2 , 1 9 0 3 ; J u n e 9 , 1 9 0 4 Romany R y e - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 Romeo a n d J u l i e t - - A p r . 6 , 1 8 8 5 Rooms t o R e n t - F e b . 6 , 1 8 8 3 Royal B o x - - A p r. 4 , 1901 A Royal Slave--Aug. 13, 1902; Aug. 19, 1903; Aug. 1 , 1904 Rudolph and A d o l p h - - O c t . 1 8 , 1904 A Run on t h e Bank- O c t . 3 1 , 1900; A p r. 7 , 1904 Sam'l o f Posen- - J a n . 3 0 , 1888 San S a n s o n - - O c t . 3 , 1 8 9 1 S a p h o - - M a r. 1 4 , 1 9 0 0 Scraps:- O c t . 1 7 , 1 8 8 2 ; O c t . 2 7 , 1 8 8 3 ; O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 8 7 Secret D i s p a t c h --Mar. 2 6 , 1904 Secret Warrant- F e b . 2 , 1899 The S e r e n a d e - N o v . 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 7.20.8- M a y 2, 1884 The S h a m T 8 c k - D e 8 . 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 Shamus O ' B r i e n - - J a n . 1 1 , 1 8 8 9 Shadows o f a L i f e - F e b . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 ; M a r . 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 2 , 1885; S e p . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 Shadows o f G r e e t e r N e w Y o r k - A u g . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 Shannon o f t h e S i x t h - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 9 9 Shane-na-laun,Jah. 1 5 , 1886; May 19, 1883 Shanty 14,wn-fiec. Shawn R h : i r e - n a y 8 , 1 8 8 8 Shl...--Sep. 6 , ' , 8 8 9 ; N o v . 9 , 1 8 9 3 W I Te l A . g a r - J u n e 8 . 1 8 8 3 ..7hore A c r e s - F e b . 1 7 , 1 8 9 8 Si Perkins- - J a n . 1 j , 1886; 0 8 t . 5 , 1895; A p r. 1 8 , 1902: Si P l u n k a r d - O L t . 5 , 1 8 9 4 ; O c t . 8 , 1 8 9 6 ; S e p . 3 0 , 1 8 9 8 ; Oct. 2 4 , 1901; A u g . 2 8 , i 9 0 2 ; Sep. 7 , 1 0 - i Siberia--Mar. 1';, 1886 �259 Side Tr a c k e d - - N o v. 2 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a r . 7 , 1 8 9 9 The S i l v e r D a g g e r - - M a r . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 Silver King--Oct. 1 4 , 1886 Silver Spur--Jan. 1 , 1892 Six Peas i n a Pod--Sep. 3 , 1885 Skipped b y t h e L i g h t o f t h e Moon- F e b . 3 , 1 8 8 6 The S l a v e s o f M o n e y - S e p . 2 , 1 8 9 7 The S l e e p i n g C i c y - - M a r . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 ; M a r . 2 4 , 1 9 0 4 The S m u g g l e r s - - O c t . 1 7 , 1 8 9 9 The S n o w b a l l - - M a y 2 7 , 1 9 0 2 Social Session--Sep. 1 5 , 1891; Oct. 11 , 1892 Solon S h i n g l e - - M a y 7 , 1 8 8 5 South B e f o r e t h e W a r - - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 Sowing t h e W i n d - - O c t . 1 , 1 8 9 5 The S p a n o f L i f e - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 1 ; M a r . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Sporting L i f e --Mar. 1 4 , 1902; M a r. 3 1 , 1903 A Standard A r t i c l e --Dec. 2 5 , 1902 State's Attorney--July 13, 1883 The S t o w a w a y - N o v . 1 , 1 8 9 9 A S t r a i g h t T i p - - N o v. 1 4 , 1 8 9 6 A S t r a n g e r i n New Yo r k - S e p . 1 2 , 1 9 0 0 The S t r e e t s o f N e w Y o r k - - N o v . 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 The S u b s t i t u t e P a i r o f K i d s - - N o v . 3 , 1 8 9 3 Sully's Corner Grocery--Jan. 23, 1886 A Sure Thing--May 17, 1897 The T a m i n g o f t h e S h r e w - - M a y 2 3 , 1 9 0 4 Te m p e r a n c e T o w n - F e b . 8 , 1 9 0 0 Te n N i g h t s i n a B a r Room- S e p . 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 9 4 ; May 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 ; M a r . 1 2 , 1 9 0 4 ; S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 4 A Te x a s S t e e r - - D e c . 1 4 , 1 8 9 9 Thelma- - D e c . 2 6 , i 9 0 4 Thistledown--Sep. 2 3 , 1 8 9 0 The T h r e e G u a r d s m e n - O c t . 2 2 , 1 8 9 7 The T h r e e M u s k e t e e r s - - N o v . 8 , 1 8 9 9 The T h r e e W i d o w s - M a y 3 0 , 1 8 8 4 Three B l a c k Cloaks- N o v . 1 , 1 3 8 6 T h r i l b y - - N o v. 2 0 . 1 3 9 5 Tim t h e T i n k e r - - F e b . 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 To B e B u r i e d A l i v e - - N o v . 8 , 1 9 0 4 Tom S a w y e r - M a y 2 7 , 1 8 9 5 The To r n a d o - - M a r . 8 , 1 8 9 8 To u r i s t s i n a P u l l m a n C a r - J a n . 9 , 1 8 9 0 Tr a c y t h e B a n d i t - M a y 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Trial by Jury--Feb. 5 , 1897 A Trip to Chinatewn-Sep. 27, 1900 A Tr i p to the C i t y - J a n . 2 8 , 1398 Tr i x i e - - F e b . 1 5 , i 8 8 8 ; N o v. 2 8 , 1 3 8 9 T h e T r o u b l e o f Mr. T r e m b l e - A u g . 1 9 , 1 9 0 2 Wue as Steel--Sep. 2 7 , 1895; May 22, 1899 A f r u e Born American--Aug. 1 9 , 1904 �260 A Tr u e K e n t u c k i a n - - N o v. 2 3 , 1903 Tw e n t y Thousand P o u n d s - - N o v. 2 0 , 1 8 8 2 Twixt Love and D u t y --Dec. 1 6 , 1890 Tw o D a n s - - A p r . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 Tw o F o o l s M e t - - J u n e 2 3 , 1 9 0 4 The Tw o J o h n s - - M a y 1 1 , 1 8 9 5 The Tw o K i d s - - J u n e 1 1 , 1 9 0 2 Tw o L i t t l e R o g u e s - - J u n e 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 Tw o M a r r i e d M e n - - S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 2 Tw o M e r r y T r a m p s - - A p r . 4 , 1 9 0 4 Two O r p h a n s - - D e c . 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; N o v . 2 7 , 1890; J u n e 2 0 , 1 9 0 4 Uncle Uncle Uncle Uncle Uncle Uncle H e z - - N o v. 1 4 , 1901 Hiram- M a y 7, 1890; Mar. 3 0 , 1892 Josh- J u n e 9, 1898; Sep. 26, 1898; Aug. 22, 1900 Reuben- - A p r. 1 6 , 1888; Sep. 1 , 1894 Seth Haskins--Dec. 22, 1899 To m ' s C a b i n - - J a n . 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 ; O c t . 2 2 , 1 8 8 3 ; S e p . 1 , 1 8 8 4 ; Sep. 2 8 , 1 8 8 5 ; J a n . 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; A p r . 1 5 , 1 8 8 7 ; F e b . 9 , 1888; S e p . 2 5 - 2 6 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 0 ; J a n . 1 , 1 8 9 1 ; Feb. 1 1 , 1 8 9 2 ; J u n e 1 4 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a r . 9 , 1 8 9 6 ; A p r . 2 1 , 1898; D e c . 1 5 , 1 9 0 0 ; O c t . 1 0 , 1 9 0 1 ; M a r . 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 ; Sep. 2 , 1 9 0 3 Under Southern S k i e s --Sep. 2 2 , 1904 U n d e r t h e Dome- O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 0 The U n i o n S u v - F e b . 1 0 - 1 2 , 1 8 8 7 ; N o v . 3 - 5 , 1 8 8 7 Upside 1)ew-n--Au. 3 0 , 1894 The Va g a b o n d Q u e e n --!Dec. 6 , 1 9 0 4 V i r g i n i u s - v o v. 2'i-23, 1887 The V o l u n t e e r - S e p . 3 , 1 8 9 7 The W a i f s o f N e v f o r k - O c t . 1 7 , 1 8 9 2 ; A p r . 1 , 1 9 0 2 Wa n g - - J a n . 2 0 , 1 8 9 7 Wanted. a H u s b a n d - I a n . 9 , 1 8 9 2 Wanted, t h e E a r t h - J a n . 1 4 , 1 8 9 1 Was S h e t o B l a m e - N o v . 2 , 1 9 0 4 Wa y D o w n E a s t - N o v . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 ; N o v . 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 We A r e K i n g - J a n . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Wedded b u t N o W i f - - D e c . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 A We s t e r n Kirec,--Fen. 2 7 , 1 8 9 3 What H a p p e n e d to . ' e s - - J a n . 3 , 1 9 0 1 When J o h n n y iThmez,, ! a r c h i n i - - : h o m e - D e e . 2 4 , 1 9 0 3 When K n i g h t h o o d W i n F l o w e r - N o v . 1 6 , 1 1 ) 0 3 When t h e D e l i T o k 1 F - D e c . 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 When W e W e r e T w e n t y - O n e - F e b . 3 , 1 9 0 2 The W h i t e S l a v e - - N e - , - . 1 9 , 0.!8.6 The W i c k l o w P o s t m n - - : ; o - k , . 2 7 , 1 8 9 1 The W i c k l : r y W e d d i e - S e p . 2 8 , 1 8 9 5 Widow f i e d o t t The W i f e - J a n . Y , 1 8 9 6 �261 Woman A g a i n s t W o m a n - - J u n e 6 , 1 9 0 4 The W o r l d - - N o v . 1 1 , 1 8 8 2 ; O c t . 1 6 , 1 8 9 9 The W o r l d A g a i n s t H e r - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 0 The W o r l d ' s M o n a r c h s o f M a g i c - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 Wolves o f New Yo r k - - A u g . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 Wrinkles- - O c t . 3 , 1884 The Ye o m a n o f t h e G u a r d - - M a r . 2 2 , 1 8 8 9 The Yo u n g W i f e - - M a y 3 0 , 1 9 0 3 Yo u n g e r B r o t h e r s - - O c t . 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 Yv o n n e - - S e p . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 The Yo u n g e r B r o t h e r s - - J u n e 1 1 , 1 9 0 4 �262 Ta b l e # 3 ; I n d e x t o t h e companies A. M . P a l m e r C o . - - M a y 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 A. 0 . M i l l e r C o m b i n a t i o n - - D e c . 2 3 , 2 5 , 1 8 8 2 ; M a y 3 0 , 1 8 8 4 A b b e y ' s U n c l e To m C o m b i n a t i o n - - J a n . 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 Abbie C a r r i n g t o n Grand Opera Co.- - O c t . 7 - 8 , 1 8 9 0 Agnes H e r n d o n C o m b i n a t i o n - - N o v . 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 Agnes W a l l a c e V i l l a C o . - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 0 Aiden Benedict Co.- - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Akerstrom Comedy C o . - - S e p . 2 9 - O c t . 4 , 1 9 0 2 Al. G . F i e l d and Co. United Operatic Minstrels--Mar. 1 1 , 1887; M a r. 7 , 1 8 8 8 ; A u g . 2 4 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 2 1 , 1 8 9 8 A l W. M a r t i n C o . - - O c t . 1 0 , 1 9 0 1 ; S e p . 2 , 1 9 0 3 A l b a Heywood C o n c e r t C o . - - S e p . 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 5 Aldrich and Parsloe Combination--Mar. 1 8 , 1884 A l i c e Raym C o n c e r t C o . - - N o v. 2 1 , 1 8 9 5 Alsberg-Morrison Shakespearian Co.- - O c t . 2 2 , 1886 A l v i n J o s l i n Comedy C o . - - A p r . 5 , 1 8 8 5 American P r o d u c t i o n Co.- - A p r . 8 , 1 8 9 9 Amy G o r d o n C a s i n o O p e r a C o . - - O c t . 7 - 9 , 1 8 8 6 Anderson T h e a t r e C o . - - O c t . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Andrew R o b s o n C o . - - J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 0 2 Andrews C h o r a l U n i o n - - N o v. 6 , 1 8 9 5 Andrews' C o . - - O c t . 1 2 , 1 8 8 8 ; S e p . 1 1 - 1 2 , 1 8 8 9 ; M a r . 3 1 , 1 8 9 0 ; Feb. 3 - 4 , 1 8 9 1 ; O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 9 3 A n g e l l ' s Comedy C o . - - A u g . 2 7 - S e p . 1 , 1 8 9 4 Ariel Quartet Co.--Mar. 30, 1900 Ariel-Thomas Combination- F e b . 6 , 1891 Arthur Rehan Combination--May 1 0 , 1 8 8 4 Augustus P i t o u C o . - - M a r . 9 , 1 8 9 4 Baird's Minstrels--Feb. 26, 1883; May 10, 1884 Baldwin Comedy C o . - - N o v . 2 7 - 2 8 , 1 8 9 1 Barlow B r o t h e r s M i n s t r e l s - - D e c . 1 7 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 2 9 , 1 8 9 2 ; Aug. 2 0 , 1 8 9 5 Barnabee a n d MacDonald Opera C o . - - F e b . 1 2 , 1 8 9 5 Bella Moore Combination--Sep. 2 6 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 3 Bendix Grand Concert Co.- - N o v. 2 7 , 1 8 9 8 Bennett Co.- - A u g . 1 1 , 1902 Bijou Opera Co.- - O c t . 1 4 - 1 5 , 1887; F e b . 1 6 , 1900 Boston Comic O p e r a C o . - - S e p . 1 9 - 2 0 , 1 8 8 7 ; F e b . 2 - 4 , 1 8 8 8 Boston I d e a l U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - S e p . 1 , 1 8 8 4 The B o s t o n I d e a l s - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 3 Boston L a d i e s Symphony O r c h e s t r a - - F e b . 1 , 1 9 0 0 Boston O p e r a t i c M i n s t r e l s - O c t . 9 , 1 8 8 2 Boston Symphnny--Feb. 1 7 , 1 8 9 0 The B o s t o n i a n s - N o v . 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 Brooks & M a c y - N a y . 1 3 , 1 8 9 5 The B r o t h e r s R o y e r - F e b . 5 , / 9 0 1 Bryan's Comedians- M a y 2 2 - 2 7 , 1 8 9 9 ; S e p . 4 - 9 , 1 8 9 9 �263 Burleigh Combination--Dec. 1 , 1885 Busch-Devere C o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 C. B . J e f f e r s o n , K l a w a n d E r l a n g e r C o . - - A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 9 1 Callenders New C o l o r e d M i n s t r e l s - - O c t . 2 8 , 1 8 8 2 ; J u n e 2 , 1 8 8 3 Carner Stock Co.- - S e p . 2 8 -Oct. 3 , 1903 Castle Square Opera Co.--Jan. 4 , 1902 Charles A . Gardner Combination--Dec. 2 8 , 1883 Charles Frohman Co.- - M a r. 7 , 1892; May 15, 1894; N o v. 1 5 , 1894; Jan. 1 0 , 1 8 9 5 ; M a r. 1 5 , 1895; A p r . 1 7 , 1 8 9 5 ; O c t . 1 , 1895; N o v . 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 ; J a n . 1 0 , 1 8 9 6 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 6 ; N o v. 8 , 1 8 9 9 Charles H. Ya l e Co.- - A p r. 6 , 1903 Charles Wa t k i n s F i f t h Avenue Combination - - J a n . 2 3 , 1 8 8 4 Chicago Glee C l u b --Dec. 1 1 , 1901 Chicago Marine Band- - O c t . 2 9 , 1 8 9 5 ; N o v. 2 7 , 1897 Chicago Redpath Concert Co.- - D e c . 8 , 1884 Children's Concert Co.--May 16, 1899 C l a r k & Wood S e l e c t P l a y e r s - - M a y 7 - 1 2 , 1 9 0 0 Cleveland's Magnificent Minstrels--Dec. 1 , 1890; Dec. C l i f t o n & H u r l b u t ' s C o n s o l i d a t e d M i n s t r e l s - - N o v. 1 5 . 1 8 9 7 Coldwater Amateur Minstrels- D e c . 2 5 , 1886; Jan. 1 8 , 1887 C o l d w a t e r ' s T h i r t y S a b l e S o n s o f Ham- - D e c . 2 7 , 1 9 0 0 C o l l i e r ' s L i g h t s 0 ' London Co.--Dec. 8 , 1886 Columbian Comedy C o . - - S e p . 2 - 3 , 1 8 9 7 ; S e p . 2 0 - 2 5 , 1 8 9 7 ; Apr. 2 5 - 3 0 , 1 8 9 8 C o n n e l l T w e n t i e t h C e n t u r y Humpty Durnpty Co.- - O c t . 3 1 , 1 9 0 1 ; Nov. 7 , 1 9 0 1 The C o r s i c a n B r o t h e r s - - D e c . 2 8 , 1 8 9 9 Courtenay Morgan Co.--May 16-21, 1898 Couthoui Concert Co.- - J a n . 1 2 , 1894 E. D . S t a i r Comedy C o . - - S e p . 9,-10, 1 8 9 0 ; D e c . 1 2 , 1 8 9 0 ; Oct. 3 1 , 1900 E. H . S o t h e r n C o . - - J a n . 2 7 , 1 8 9 9 E. J . C a r p e n t e r P r o d u c t i o n s - - F e b . 2 0 , 1 9 0 1 E. M . G o t t h o l d C o . - - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 E. T . S t e t s o n C o . - - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 6 Earl Burgess E n g l i s h Stock Co.--Sep. 2 - 7 , 1895 Ed F . D a v i s ' M a m m o t h M i n s t r e l s - - A u g . 3 0 , 1 8 9 7 Edward S o u t h s r ' s C o . - A u g . 2 2 - 2 7 , 1 8 8 7 Edwin Browne D r a m a t t c C a . - - S e p . 1 3 , 1 8 8 6 Egbert Dramatic Co.--Dec. 14-19, 1885 Elvie Burnett Concert Co.--Jan. 30, 1902 Emerson's Bostorr S t a r s --Dec. 1 4 . 1889 Emma A b b o t t G r a n d O p e r a G o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 8 8 5 Empire T h e a t r e Co.- - M a r. 2 2 , 1900 Ensign Company C o . - - F e b . 6 , 1 8 8 3 E r l a n g e r & K l s w C a . - - r e b . 9 , 1 8 9 9 ; M a r . 1 5 , 18,19 E r n e s t Shivm..z..n C o . - - D e c 1 , 1 9 0 3 Eugene R o b i n t ' o n C o . - - F e b . 2 3 , 1 8 9 2 �264 Eunice G o o d r i c h Comedy Co.- - F e b . 2 4 - M a r. 1 , 1 8 9 0 ; D e c . 3 1 , 1891; J a n . 1 - 2 , 9 , 1 8 9 2 E x c e l s i o r E n t e r t a i n e r s - - N o v. 1 1 , 1901 Fadette Ladies Orchestra--Jan. 2 6 , 1901 Fay Te m p l e t o n S t a r O p e r a C o . - - M a r . 2 0 , 1 8 8 3 Field's Minstrels (see A l G. Field) Fisk Jubilee Singers--Jan. 3 , 1893 Florence B r i n d l e y Combination--Apr. 8 , 1887 Florence H a m i l t o n Troupe--Dec. 1 0 - 1 5 , 1888 Fowler & Warmington's Co.--Feb. 3 , 1886 Francis Labadies Combination- N o v. 2 , 1885 Frank Hennesy Co.- - F e b . 3 , 1903 Frank Jones Co.- - J a n . 1 3 , 1886 Frank M a j i l t o n Combination--Oct. 1 3 , 1883 Frank Tu c k e r Comedy Co.- - S e p . 2 4 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 4 Frederick H. W i l s o n Co.--Aug. 17-22, 1904 Frohman C o . - - ( s e e C h a r l e s Frohman C o . ) Garrick Burlesque Co.- - N o v. 2 0 , 1895 George H . Adams C o . - - M a r . 2 8 , 3 0 , 1 8 8 5 George S . C o l l i n e C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 9 0 1 Georgia M i n s t r e l s --May 27-28, 1885 G i l b e r t Comic Opera Co.--Sep. 2 0 , 1894 Gilbert & Dickson Co.--Sep. 6 , 1889 Glasgow S t o c k Co.- - M a y 2 5 - 3 0 , 1 9 0 3 Gordon & B e n n e t t C o . - - A u g . 1 , 1 9 0 4 ; S e p . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Gorton's Minstrels--Apr. 17, 1894 G r i f f i t h & Co.--Feb. H. A . D ' A r c y C o . - - N o v . 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 Hahn P a r k e L a d i e s Q u i n t e t t e - J a n . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 Hanford Spencer O ' B r i e n Co.--Mar. 2 3 , 1896 Hardy & Houng's Bad Boy Co.--Dec. 1 0 , 1887 H a r r i g a n ' ! To u r i s t s --Dec. 2 8 , 1886 Harrison Combination--Jan. 15, 1883; May 31, 1883 Harry Webber Co.- - O c t . 6 , 1 8 8 5 H a r t w i g -Seeman C o m b i n a t i o n - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 8 2 Harvard Q u a r t e t t e - F e b . 5 , 1889 Haverly's M i n s t r e l s --Mar. 2 8 , 1883; Feb. 2 5 , 1899 Heberlein Grand Concert Co.- - O c t . 14, 1896 Heckman B r o t h e r s C o . - F e b . 2 , 1 9 0 4 Henderson's Comedians- N o v . 1 4 , 1896 Henderson S t o c k Co.- J u n e 6 - 11 , 1904 Hi H e n r y ' s M i n s t r e l s - J u n e 18, 1884; May 16, 1887; A p r . 1 9 , 1900 Higgins Concert Co.--Mar. 28, 1890; Oct. 24, 1894 Higgins & Keane's Dramatic Ideals- M a y 2-3, 1888 Hildebrand's I l l u s t r a t e d Exposition--May 17-18, 1884 H i l l s e a l e C o l l e g e G l e e C l u b - J a n . 2 3 , • 1895 Holden Comedy C o . - - D e c . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 ; D e c . 17,-20, 1 8 9 0 ; O c t . i-4, 1891 �265 Hoop o f G o l d C o . - - N o v . 4 - 6 , 1 8 8 6 Howorth's Comedy a n d S p e c i a l t y C o . - - - A p r . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; M a r . 1 8 , 1896 Hoyt's Madison Square Co.- - M a r. 2 8 , 1898; A p r. 1 8 , 1898 Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s - - F e b . 2 , 1 9 0 0 ; F e b . 8 , 1 9 0 0 ; S e p . 1 2 , 1 9 0 0 ; Sep. 2 7 , 1 9 0 0 ; O c t . 1 9 , 1 9 0 0 ; F e b . 1 1 , 1 9 0 1 Hunt's I m p e r i a l Stock Co.--Aug. 2 4 - 2 9 , 1903 Ida Siddons Burlesque & S p e c i a l t y Co.- - F e b . 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 Ida Van C o r t l a n d C o . - - ( s e e The Ta v e r n i e r s ) Innes Concert Co.- - D e c . 1 1 , 1 9 0 0 J. C . P o d g e t t Co.- - S e p . 1 8 , 1 8 8 6 J. F . Crossen Co.- - M a y 6 , 1 8 8 5 J. M . H i l l ' s Union Square Co.- - F e b . 2 0 , 1 8 8 9 ; O c t . .23, 1 8 8 9 J. W. C a r n e r Combination--Aug. 3 0 -Sep. 4 , 1886; S e p . 6 - 5 , 1 8 8 6 James H . W a l l a c k C o . - - A u g . 2 8 , 1 9 0 0 James P . F l e m i n g C o . - - M a r . 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Jane Coombs C o m b i n a t i o n - D e c . 2 1 , 1 8 8 3 Jessie Mae H a l l Co.- - S e p . 2 1 - 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 John A . H i m m e l e i n ' s I m p e r i a l S t o c k C o . - - N o v . 7 - 1 2 , 1 9 0 4 John B y r e T r o u p e - - A p r . 3 , 1 8 9 7 John D i l l o n C o . - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 2 John E . I n c e M u s i c a l Comedy C o . - - S e p . 3 - 4 , 1 8 8 3 John T . J a c k s o n C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 8 9 4 John W. V o g e l ' s B i g M i n s t r e l s - - M a y 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 Jolly Pathfinders--Oct. 10, 1882; Oct. 27, 1883; Sep. Oct. 2 4 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; O c t . 3 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 ; Sep. 2 6 - O c t . 1 . 1 8 9 2 Joseph C a l l a h a n C o . - - N o v . 1 5 , 1 8 9 3 Joseph H a r r i s C o . - - F e b . 1 2 , 1 9 0 3 Joseph R . G r i s m e r C o . - - N o v. 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 Joslyn & F i t z p a t r i c k Minstrels- - O c t . 2 7 , 1891 Julia Marlow Co.- - N o v. 1 6 , 1903 Julius Cahn Co.- - N o v. 3 , 1902; Dec. 1 , 1904 Juno B a r r e t t C o . - - N o v . 2 , 1 9 0 4 K a t h a r i n e Ridgeway- C o n c e r t C o . - - F e b . 5 , 1 9 0 4 Kennedy P l a y e r s - - F e ' . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 9 0 3 Kilroy & B r i t t o n --March 29, 1904 Kirk LaShelle Opera Co.- - O c t . 2 9 , 1903 Kline's Lumiere CLnematograph-Jan. 1 4 , 1899 Labadie-Roweli Co.- - S e p . 1 4 , 1899 Lemaire's Cinematoscope Co.- - A p r. 1 2 - 1 4 , 1897 Lester & A l i e n ' s Minstrels- O c t . 2 4 , 1885 L e s t e r & W i l l i a m s C o . - - J a n . 2 6 , 188(3 Lewis M o r r i s o n C o . - - N o v. 2 1 , 1 9 0 1 Liebler & Co.--Sep. 7 , 1900 Lily Clay Gaiety Cc.--Aug. 3 , 1894 L i n c o l n J . C r t r t e r ' z Mammoth S c e n i c P r o l u c t i o n s - M a r . 8 , 1 8 9 5 Lotus G l e e C l u b - F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 9 3 �266 L o v e n b e r g F a m i l y Museum C o . - - S e p . 5 - 7 , 1 8 8 7 Lyceum E n t e r t a i n m e n t C o . - - M a y 1 7 - 1 9 , 1 8 9 8 Lyman H . H o w e C o . - - M a y 1 9 , 1 9 0 4 M. W . H a n l e y C o . - - M a r . 2 5 , 1 8 8 4 McAuley Combination--Sep. 1 7 , 1883 McGibeny F a m i l y - - M a r. 1 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; O c t . 9 , 1 8 8 9 McIntyre & H e a t h ' s Comedians- - J a n . 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 MacLennan's R o y a l Edinburgh Concert Co.- - A p r . 6 , 1891 McNish, Ramza & A r n o ' s M i n s t r e l s - - O c t . 1 3 , 1888 Madison Square T h e a t r e Co.- - O c t . 2 6 , 1382; A p r. 3 , 1 8 3 3 Maid o f A r r a n Combination--Sep. 2 7 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 2 Mann, B u h l e r & C o . - - A u g . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 Maria Decca Concert Co.- - N o v. 6 , 1894 Marks B r o t h e r s N o . 1 C o . - - A p r . 2 8 -May 3 , 1 9 0 2 Marston Co.- - N o v. 11 , 1885 Maud R e v e l l e ' s F e m a l e M i n s t r e l s - - M a r . 2 9 , 1 8 3 6 Maxwell Combination- - N o v. 11 , 1 8 8 2 ; S e p . 2 8 , 1 8 8 5 May L e g g e t t C o n c e r t C o . - - D e c . 1 8 , 1 8 9 4 Maynard's American Dramatic Co.--June 20-25, 1904 Mendelssohn Q u i n t e t t e C l u b --May 13, 1884 M e s t a y e r - Va u g h n C o . - - J a n . 9 , 1 8 9 0 Mexican Troubadours--Aug. 1 7 - 1 8 , 1896 Michigan U n i v e r s i t y Glee & Banjo Club--Feb. 2 , 1893; A p r. 6 , 1894; J a n . 3 , 1 8 9 6 Mike M u r p h y Co.- - N o v. 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 M i t H e l l Lowmann Co.- - S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 4 Monarch M i n s t r e l s - - O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 Morris & H a l l Co.- F e b . 3 , 1902 Morris-Sullivan Combination- J u n e 8 , 1883 Morrison Co.--Feb. 11 , 1896 Morrison & H a i l ' s Gigantic Consolidated Minstrels- O c t . 5 , 1883 Mortimer & Weaver S t a r Dramatic Co.- - M a r. 1 6 - 1 7 , 1 8 8 5 Murray & Mack Co.--Feb. 2 8 , 1900; J a n . 1 9 , 1901 Myrkle-Harder Stock Co.--Mar. 21-26, 1904 New O r l e a n s M i n s t r e 1 3 - - J a n . 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 New Y o r k M a l e Q u a r t e t t e - A p r . 1 , 1 8 9 7 Norton-Gibbs Co.--Mar. 1 2 , 1900 Nye & B u r b a n k ; K i n g s o f P a t h o s a n d H u m o r - J a n . 25, 1892 O g d e n ' s C o . - - M a r . 1 2 , 19C/4 T h e O r i g i n a l S p a n i s l r. _ S t u d e n t s - - ( s e e S p a n i s h S t u d e n t s ) Ovide M u s i n C o r n e r t C ' . - - D o c . 1 0 , 1 8 9 0 Ottumwa Q u a r t e t t e - M a r . 2 6 , 1 9 0 1 Owen F a w c e t t C o m e d y C o . - - M a y 1 8 - 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 Oxford Musical C l u b - J a n . 9 , 1901 Parker Concert Co.- - M r . 8 , 1901 Paulene Markham Co.--Uer,. 9 , 1 8 8 5 �267 Phil Phillips Co.--Oct. 23-25, 1890 Porter J . White Co.- - O c t . 3 1 , 1898; O c t . 2 , 1899; N o v. 1 0 1900; O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 4 Q u i n c y -Adams- S a w y e r C o . - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 9 0 3 R. A . C a s k i e C o . - - N o v . 1 8 , 1 9 0 1 Redpath Concert C o . - - A p r . 7 , 1 8 9 2 Rentfrow Combination- - ( s e e J o l l y Pathfinders) Rice & F l a h e r t y Co.- - A p r . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 Rice & Shepard M i n s t r e l s - - J a n . 4 , 1888; J a n . 4 , 1 8 8 9 Rodney S t o c k C o . - - N o v . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 9 0 3 Roland Reed C o . - - M a r . 1 1 , 1 8 8 6 Royal C o u r t Comedy C o . - - A p r . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 8 8 Royal Spanish Troubadors--Mar. 1 , 1 8 8 8 Royal T h e a t r e Co.- - A u g . 1 8 - 2 3 , 1 9 0 2 Rusco & S w i f t ' s U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 0 R u s s e l l ' s Comedians- O c t . 1 5 , 1891 Sackett P o r t e r Co.- - M a r. 2 - 7 , 1896 Sager Drama C o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 3 Saint C e c i l i a Musicale--Jan. 1 9 , 1884 Sam T . J a c k ' s B u r l e s q u e C o . - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 Schrode B r o t h e r s - - J a n . 2 1 , 1 9 0 2 Schumann G r a n d C o n c e r t C o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 8 9 8 Schumann L a d y Q u a r t e t t e - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 9 1 Shannon C o . - - J u n e 1 1 - 1 4 , 1 9 0 2 The S h a n n o n F a m i l y - - A p r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 Sisson Combination- - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 Sissons & Cawthorne C o . - - A u g . 1 3 , 1 8 8 7 ; J a n . 8 , 1 8 8 9 S m i t h ' s D o u b l e U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - J u n e 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 Sousa B a n d - - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 9 7 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 The S p a n i s h S t u d e n t s - - J a n . 1 6 , 1 8 8 3 ; F e b . 5 , 1 8 8 4 Sprague C o . - - O c t . 1 1 , 1 8 9 2 Standard S t o c k Co.- - S e p . 1 7 - 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 Stetson Opera Co.- - M a r. 2 2 , 1889 S t e t s o n ' s U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - F e b . 9 , 1 8 8 8 ; F e b . 1 1 , 1 8 9 2 ; M a r. 9 , 1 8 9 6 ; A p r . 2 1 , 1 8 9 8 ; M a r . 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 Stevens O p e r a t i c Comedy C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 8 8 5 Stevens a n d S l o c u m ' s Comedy C o . - - S e p . 2 7 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 3 S u t t o n ' s M o n s t e r D o u b l e U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - J a n . 1 , 1 8 9 1 The S w e d i s h L a d y Q u a r t e t t e - F e b . 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 Swedish N a t i o n a l L a d i e s C o n c e r t C o . - - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 8 9 The T a v e r n i e r s - - M a r . 1 4 - 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; M a r . 4 - 9 , 1 8 8 9 Te m p l e Q u a r t e t t e - M a r . 1 9 , 1 8 9 5 Te m p l e T h e a t r e O p e r a t i c C o . - - M a y 1 , 1 8 8 8 T h a t c h e r , P r i m . n . ) s e 3: W e s t M i n s t r e l s - N o v . 2 , 1 8 8 2 Theo B r o m l u y C o . - - N o v . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 Thompson O p e r a C o . - - O c t . 2 0 . 1 8 8 5 ; N o v . 1 , 1 3 8 6 To n y D e n i e r C o . - M a y 3 , 1 8 8 3 �26 To n y S u l l i v a n C o . - - N o v . 2 3 , 1 9 0 0 T r i x i e Comedy C o . - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 8 8 T y l e r Amusement C o . - - D e c . 2 0 , 1 9 0 4 Union Square T h e a t r e Co.- - N o v. 2 9 , 1883 Va l e & M a u r C o . - - D e c . 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 Ve s c e l i u s Opera & C o n c e r t Co.- - J u l y 6 , 1 8 8 5 V i c t o r i a Troupe o f Royal Dancers- - O c t . 1 6 , 1901 Vi n c e n t - S t r e e t o r Co.--Sep. 2 3 - 2 8 , 1895 Vo g e l ' s B i g M i n s t r e l s --May 5 , 1904 W a i t e ' s U n i o n S q u a r e Comedy C o . - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 0 - 2 5 , 1885; S e p . 2 1 - 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; S e p . 2 0 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 6 Walter F e s s l e r Co.- - F e b . 1 9 , 1904 Wa r n e r & A o t m a n C o . - - N o v . 4 , 1 9 0 3 Wa t s o n ' s Comedy Co.- - O c t . 3 , 1 8 8 4 We b e r & F i e l d ' s M u s i c H a l l C o . - - F e b . 1 7 , 1 9 0 4 White & Morgan Concert Co.- - J a n . 8 , 1896 W h i t n e y F a m i l y Shows- - J u n e 4 , 1 8 9 0 Whitney & Knowles Co.- - D e c . 2 3 , 1901 Whitney Mockridge Co.- - M a r. 2 9 , 1893 Whitney Opera Co.- - D e c . 2 4 , 1903 Whittaker & Hicks Co.- - A p r. 11 , 1904 Wiggins Co.- - O c t . 1 4 , 1886 W i l b u r & Rose E n t e r t a i n m e n t Co.- - D e c . 3 0 - 3 1 , 1892 Wilbur Opera Co.- - J a n . 3 1 , 1884; A p r . 2 4 , 1884; O c t . 2 3 - 2 5 , 1902 W i l l a r d S p e n c e r ' s Comedy Opera C o . - - D e c 3 , 1 9 0 3 Wood & W a r d C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 9 0 4 Ye a m a n - M a c y C o . - - A p r . 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 Zeb & Z a r r o w C o . - - J a n . 1 , 1 9 0 4 �269 Ta b l e # 4 : I n c i d e n c e o f Entertainments B.S. Tibbits Ye a r s 1882-1885 Professional drama Lectures Minstrels Concerts Amateur entertainments Dances Variety o r vaudeville Political rallies Poetry reading Wrestling Receptions Animal a c t s Reunions High school commencement Magic Art exhibits Conventions Centennial exercises Marionettes Side show Cinematoscope Fumrals and memorial s e r v i c e s 111 Joseph J o h n T. Henning J a c k s o n Ye a r s Y e a r s o f 1885-1894 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 0 4 To t a l s T o t a l s 2 11 10 8 4 3 1 2 4 3 4 5 8 7 6 7 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 8 7 3 7 6 6 4 8 8 11 5 1 6 1 3 3 5 3 4 2 6 3 3 3 6 11 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 7 1 3 1 1 0 2 2 1 5 2 1 1 6 5 4 2 2 2 1 2 7 2 2 1 1 1 2 7 7 2 To t a l s 171 3 7 3 5 3 1 1 0 7 5 Professional, Drama Other A c t i v i t i e s 1,1 60 2 4 4 1 2 9 3 1 7 5 6 5 7 3 1 3 4 4 . 6 8 . 3 2 �APPENDIX C A F U L L D E S C R I P T I O N O F T I B B I T S OPERA HOUSE �271 A F U L L DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING Coldwater Republican, 19 Sept., 1882 For a l o n g t i m e a serious need has been f e l t i n o u r c i t y f o r a f i r s t - c l a s s p l a c e o f amusement. water i s t h e home o f s o many w e a l t h y c i t i z e n s , n o o n e h a s seemed t o p o s s e s s s u f f i c i e n t c o u r a g e t o e m b a r k i n an u n d e r t a k i n g u n t i l M r . B . S . T i b b i t s , w i t h h i s a c c u s t o m e d energy and "push" which has accomplished so much in o t h e r d i r e c t i o n s , t o o k t h e matter i n hand and p u t i n t o execution the hopes and wishes o f those who, a l t h o u g h acknowledging t h e need, d a r e d n o t v e n t u r e t o undertake s o g r e a t a i t y, a n d t h e r e s u l t i s a b e a u t i f u l b u i l d i n g , a n ornament t o our c i t y o f w h i c h we may j u s t l y be p r o u d , a n d a n h o n o r t o M r. Tibbits t h a t w i l l endure a f t e r the c u r t a i n has f a l l e n on the last a c t i n t h e drama o f h i s l i f e . The S i t e chosen i s t h e p r o p e r t y o n Hanchett S t . , o p p o s i t e t h e immense c i g a r f a c t o r y o f Mr. T i b b i t s , a n e x c e l l e n t s e l e c t i o n , b e i n g situated so near Chicago Street and e a e i l y accessible from three s i d e s o f t h e b u i l d i n g . W o r k was begun on t i o n March 2 3 ; d e d a c t i n g s e v e r a l weeks t i m e l o s t o n account o f bad w e a t h e r, i t w i l l be seen Mr. T i b b i t s has pushed t h e good w o r k r a p i d l y f o i w a r d . The B u i l d i n g i s 1 2 5 f e e t l o n g a n d 5 6 f e e t %-ide, t h e basement o f w h i c h i s b u i l t i n t h e m o s t s o l i d a n d s u b s t a n t i a l : h a r m e r. T h e w a l l under t h e s t a g e i s 11 f e e t , a n d t h a t u n d e r t h e a u d i t o r i u m and v e s t i b u l e 9 f e e t a n d (-; i n c h e s b e l o w t h e s t r e e e l e v e l , ' 2 . 6 inches t h i c k a ; t h e bese and 24 inches a t t h e t e p , w i t h inc course nnder t h e e n t j r e w e l l 16 inenee t h i c k and 3 f e e t wide, l a i d i n t h e c : f 7 N n e n t : a l l t h e s t o n e w a l l b e i n g 1.aid w i t h m o r t a r made o f e n e - h a l f w a t e r l i m e . T h e e i n c e l a r p e e e i . t i o n b e t v e e n t h e v e e t i e e A l e a e d eelditer-;_ere e n e p e t t e l c o l u m u e f e s t i n g u p o n t t c n e e - l e e s 3 f e e . _ C -iT'CO17.!F w i d e , f e e t 6 i n c h e s t h i e - a , e..7keesd w i t h i r o n c l a i m s ! ! , - l f l c h e ! : T h e p i e r A r e s t i t s t c i r i . t . . ? , t . 2 a n 1 0 �272 thick. T h e f l o o r o f the auditorium i s supported p i e r s o f t h e same s o l i d c h a r a c t e r. T h e s t a g e f l o o r i r o n columns s e t i n s o l i d stone p i e r s . T h e b r i c k mencing above t h e s t o n e f o u n d a t i o n a r e 1 6 i n c h e s t h i c k ; t h o s e s u p p o r t i n g t h e dome b e i n g 28 i n c h e s i n t h i c k n e s s . S p e c i a l attention has been paid t o t h e timbering o f the ing, r e n d e r i n g i t one o f the s a f e s t and most s t a b l e s t r u c t u r e s in Southern Michigan. The F r o n t E l e v a t i o n is i n t h e modern s t y l e o f architecture and i s surmounted b y a dome 21 f e e t a t t h e base a n d 2 4 f e e t h i g h c o v e r e d w i t h s l a t e with a f l a t s t a f f 20 f e e t long, mounted w i t h a The t o p o f t h e d o m e i s 7 6 f e e t f r o m t h e p a v e m e n t b e l o w . T h e facing i s o f pressed red brick with cut stone and black brick united i n excellent taste. T h e galvanized iron work o f the cornices, window frames and caps a r e o f new and s i g n s . A t t h e b a s e o f t h e dome i s a n e l e g a n t b r o n z e b u s t o f Shakespeare; a n d i m m e d i a t e l y underneath and i n a c i r c l e o v e r the window i n g o l d l e a f : " T i b b i t s Opera-house, 1 8 8 2 , " b e l o w and u n d e r t h e w i n d o w l e a d i n g f r o m t h e d r e s s c i r c l e i s vanized i r o n balcony 5 by 22 f e e t supported by i r o n brackets and f u r n i s h e d w i t h g l a s s g l o b e l a t e r n s . The I n t e r i o r is approached through above t h e s t r e e t l e v e of t h i s room open the smoking-room, a n d t h e the the grand entrance, about two f e e t l , 13 feet wide and 25 f e e t long. O u t box office, manager's two broad, easy stairways leading to Dress C i r c l e where t h e u t m o s t p a i n s h a v e been t a k e n t o r e n d e r went o f t h e s e a t s s o f i n e t h a t a n u n o b s t r u c t e d v i e w stage c a n be o b t a i n e d f r o m any seat i n i t , 5 0 t h a t no one need h e s i t a t e a b o u t t a k i n g a s e a t t h e r e . The A u d i t o r i u m is entered by spring doors covered with dark t e r r a - c o t t a �273 leather with gold trimmings, and i s 56x57 f e e t . T h e parquet and p a r q u e t c i r c l e a r e i n s h a p e o f a n a m p h i t h e a t e r , a n d t h e elevation between t h e t i e r s o f seats i s s u f f i c i e n t an e x c e l l e n t v i e w o f t h e s t a g e f r o m a n y p a r t o f t h e a u d i t o r i u m . The s p a c e o n e a c h s i d e o f t h e p r o s c e n i u m o p e n i n g i s o c c u p i e d with private boxes. T h e orchestra i s located i n f r o n t o f the s t a g e , a n d l o w e r e d below t h e p a r q u e t , s o t h a t cians w i l l n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e view o f the audience. T h e parquet and parquet c i r c l e , a n d t h e parquet and o r c h e s t r a are separated b y an ornamental r a i l i n g . The S t a g e i s 3 4 f e e t w i d e b y 5 3 f e e t l o n g , a n d i s '6-) f e e t f r o m f l o o r r i g g i n g - l o f t . T h e s c e n e r y a n d s e t p i e c e s a r e c o m p l e t e and beautiful, and consist o f the following pieces: 2 drop curtains 1grand border 1 g r a n d wood b o r d e r 1lambrequin 3 arch sky borders 3 p l a i n sky borders 3 drapery borders e chamber borders 3 foliage borders 3 rustic borders 1 r o c k y pass drop 1water horizon drop 1conservatory drop 1 palace backing drop 1 cut tropical drop 1water landscape drop 1 c u -c t r o p i c a l b a c k i n g d r o p 1 p a i r t_)rmen9r winzs p a i r torme:)tox cc,iumns 4 f a n c y chamher w i a z s 4 o a k chamber wings 4 p l a i n chamber wings 8 palace wings 8 wood wings 8 horizon wines 6 s t r e e t wings 4 6 4 1 k i t c h e n wings snow wings prison winre p a i r renter doer fancy chaNber f l a t s 1 p a i r o a k char:JJAvr f l a to 1 p a i r wood f l a t s 2 s e t doors, f a n c y chamber 2 s e t doors, o a k chamber 2 s e t d o o r s , p l a i n chamber 2 sec doors, kitchen 1 s e t window, f a n c y c h a m b e r 1 s e t window, o a k chamber 1 s e t window, p l a i n chamber 1 s e t window, k i t c h e n 1set fire place. 1set fire place, 1set fire place, 1set fire 1 b a y window, p l a i n c h a m b e r 1 log hut 1 p a n t z house 1b r i . c k house 1pla5ter c e t t a ? 8 rocks 1rustic bridge 1bank 3 logs 1garden set, 9 pieces 2 p a i r foreceounde 1s h i p scene, 1 9 pieces 1 set fountain 1throne piece 1 pair t h r o e 5ter5 2 p a i r bal1ustra6es 1gondola 1 r o w boeT �274 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 p a i r p l a i n chamber f l a t s p a i r palace f l a t s p a i r street f l a t s p a i r kitchen flats p a i r snow landscape f l a t s p a i r two door prison f l a t s p a i r plain prison wall flats p a i r cut wood f l a t s p a i r garden f l a t s p a i r landscape f l a t s p a i r village f l a t s set trees p a i r ashlars pair set waters stone walls barred prison doors 1boat truck 2 fences 24 g r a s s m a t s 2 stage carpets 1 f i r e 1mantel piece 1 p a i r andirons 1 set arbor 2 s e t stumps 1screen 1 fireplace 1 J u l i e t tomb piece 1 p a i r house s t e p s 1stage chandelier 1garden wall, w i t h gate On t h e s t a g e l e v e l a n d a t t h e r e a r i s a h a l l n i n e f e e t wide, o u t o f which opens a greenroom, s t a r and two i n g rooms, a n d a scene-room 21 f e e t h i g h . O n t h e second f l o o r are f o u r l a r g e d r e s s i n g rooms. B e l o w t h e stage i s a room f o r the o r c h e s t r a , a band-room and a l a r g e room f i t t e d u p accommodation o f m i n s t r e l s . A t t h e s i d e s o f t h e s t a g e a r e f l y galleries, and the rigging loft i s supplied and c o m p l i c a t e d m a c h i n e r y w i t h w h i c h t h e s c e n e r y i s s h i f t e d and h a n d l e d . T h e s t a g e i s f u l l y e q u i p p e d w i t h a p a i n t - b r i d s e e and m o v a b l e f r a m e , f i v e s e t s o f g r o o v e s , t r a p every modern convenience f o r producing a l l k i n d s o f s c e n i c effects. S p e a k i n g tubes and b e l l signals are located near the p r o m p t e r ' s s t a n d , and place t h e stage manager i n d i r e c t communication w i t h t h e box o f f i c e , o r c h e s t r a , a n d trap s h i f t e r s , above, below and a t e i t h e r side o f the stage. The g a s - t a b l e a n d e l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g a p p a r a t u s a r e a l s o p l a c e d h e r e , a n d s o a r r a n g e d t h a t o n e man c a n i n s t a n t l y c o n t r o l lights i n any part o f the house. Heating The b u i l d i n g i s w a r m e d b y l o w p r e s s u r e s t e u m h e a t , thus e n s u r i n g a m i l d , p l e a s a n t and equal temperature i n a l l parts o f the house. S a f e t y uas the f i r s t the v e r t i c a l b o i l e r p l a c e d a r t h e basement, i s s o c o n s t r u c t e d that t h e f i r e i s anteeel_y surrounded b y e a t e r, a n d only automatic i n i t s action, b u t can be so adjestad t h a t o n l y one p o u n d o f s t e a m c a n b e r a s e d d u r i n g - a p e r f o r m a n c e . E a c h room i s pravich,ei v i t a l a r a d i a t o r o r c o i l r i f e , p r o p e r l y bronzed and d e c o r a t e d . O v e r 6,000 f e e t O r more t h a n oue m i l e of pipe, has Lava used i n the building. �275 Lighting The g a s f i x t u r e s a r e v e r y n e a t i n d e s i g n in f i n i s h . T h e main chandelier, o r r e f l e c t o r, i s known a s t h e O p a l g l a s s r e f l e c t o r , w h i c h e x p e r i e n c e to b e s u p e r i o r t o a n y o t h e r now i n u s e , p r o d u c i n g a u n i f o r m and p e r f e c t l y d i s t r i b u t e d i l l u m i n a t i o n b e l o w , w h i l e t h e o p a l glass, b e i n g semi- t r a n s p a r e n t , throws a s o f t and subdued l i g h t o n t h e dome a n d c e i l i n g g i v i n g a v e r y p l e a s i n g e f f e c t . The v e s t i b u l e a n d p r o s c e n i u m c h a n d e l i e r s a n d t h e b r a c k e t s a r e of polished brass and f i t t e d w i t h etched globes o f design. T h e l i g h t s throughout t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g trolled from the stage, t h e main pipe being carried t o t h e gas t a b l e w h e r e i t b r a n c h e s o f f t o d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e house, a n d i s s o arranged t h a t t h e gas c a n be c u t o f f f r o m any p a r t o f t h e b u i l d i n g i n an i n s t a n t . T h e r e a r e i n a l l 306 lights distributed as follows: Auditorium 94, stage 174, dressingrooms 16, basement 12, o f f i c e , v e s t i b u l e 10, a l l b e i n g l i g h t e d b y means o f a n e l e c t r i c s p a r k f r o m t h e stage. Ventilation The a u d i t o r i u m a n d s t a g e a r e s u p p l i e d w i t h v e n t i l a t o r s , a n d i n t h e dome, a n d a l s o t h e r o o f o f are l a r g e v e n t i l a t o r s which c a r r y o f f a l l h o t a i r , which a r e c o n t r o l l e d from t h e stage. T h e stage i s s t r u c t e d w i t h p r o p e r d r a u g h t s t h a t a l l smoke a r i s i n the burning, o f polvder o r c o l o r e d f i r e s i s out t h r o u g h t h e v e n t i l a t o r i n t h e r o o f . hot a i r the stage, a l l o f g from Seatin The p a r q u e t a n d p a r q u e t c i r c l e a r e s e a t e d w i t h p a t e n t f o l d i n g c h a i r s , known as t h e grand opera c h a i r, tered i n d a r k c a r d i n a l plush. E a c h c h a i r contains i n t h e back t h e monogram, B . S . T. T h e d r e s s c i r c l e i s a l s o p r o v i d d w i t h f o l d i n g c h a i r s o f the l a t e s t p a t t e r n s , a l l b e i n g bro-vided with f o o t -rests, h a t and umbrella racks. T h e tains 1,000 chairs. Safety The 9'3f-Jilef, i s s i z e d 7 ) o t h f r o n t a n d b a c k w i t h a fire �276 proof preparation. T h e border lights are protected with wire screens and t h e t i p s o f the burners encased i n ters cement. A b o v e the f l y g a l l e r y i s a tank barrels o f water, w i t h s u f f i c i e n t hose attached t o part o f the s t a g e o r dressing rooms, a n d can be operated b y any o f t h e s t a g e hands. T h e e x i t s a r e numerous a n d b e i n g o n a l e v e l w i t h the s t r e e t t h e house can be emptied i n from two to t h r e e m i n u t e s . I n a l l t h e r e a r e seven e x i t s a s f o l l o w s : Large d o u b l e d o o r l e a d i n g f r o m v e s t i b u l e , w i t h l a r g e f o l d i n g doors o f t h e same s i z e o n each s i d e f o r m i n g an a l m o s t e n t i r e open f r o n t i f r e q u i r e d . L a r g e f o l d i n g d o o r s a l s o o p e n f r o m the p a r q u e t c i r c l e t o t h e a l l e y , a n d f r o m t h e s t a g e a r e t h r e e modes o f e x i t . T h e h o u s e i s a l s o c o n n e c t e d b y t e l e p h o n e w i t h the f i r e d e p a r t m e n t t h u s a f f o r d i n g ample s e c u r i t y patrons. The D e c o r a t i o n s a n d U p h o l s t e r i n g throughout t h e house are r i c h and harmonious i n c o l o r i n g and d e s i g n . T h e w a l l s a r e c o l o r e d i n cameo t i n t s r e l i e v e d w i t h dashes o f c o l o r i n c o n v e n t i o n a l f i g u r e s , a n d panels w h i c h produces a warm, s u n n y e f f e c t and g i v e s t h e auditorium a b r i g h t and a i r y appearance which i s ing. T h e a i s l e s and boxes are covered w i t h elegant body brussels carpet, t h e s t a i r s and lobby with heavy matting, while t h e green room, s t a r and o t h e r dressing rooms, a r e handsomely carpeted and f u r n i s h e d w i t h e v e r y convenience -which c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e c o m f o r t o f t h e p r o f e s s i o n . T h e stage i s f u r n i s h e d w i t h two c a r p e t s , one g r e e n and d i n a l , a n d a handsome s e t o f f u r n i t u r e i n b l a c k w a l n u t gilded, and black and gold upholstering. T h e boxes are draped w i t h c u r t a i n s o f cardinal. s i l k p l u s h , w i t h l i n i n g s o f o l d g o l d , a n d a r e t r i m m e d 1:]_th v e r y b r o a d a n t i q u e l a c e o f handsome p a t t e r n . T h e l a m b r e c n i n s a r e t r i m m e d w i t h gimps and r i c h s i l k f r i n g e a n d l o o p e d w i t h h e a v y c o r d s a n d t a s s e l s . The r a i l i n g s o f t h e pacquE'.t. d r e s s c i r c l e a n d b o x e s , holstered i n cardinal plush bordered with a pure ing'. T h e b o x f r o n t s a r e i n cameo t i n t s f i n i s h e d and g o l d i n t h e s t y l e o f t h e R e n a i s s a n c e , a n d o r n a m e n t e d with large beveled plate glass mirrors. T h e sides o f the a u d i t o r i u m a r e i n s o l i c o l o r dawn t o t h e b r i l l i a n t dad() j u s t above t h e wainsect!..ng. T h e f a c i n g o f Uie d r e s s c i r c l e i s i n cameo p i n k , w i t h c o n v e n t i o n a l f i g u r e s i n gold, and green and g o l d . in thE c,:,nter or t h e proscenium arch, i s a p of Shakespeare and e i t h e r a r e panels i n lava bordered w i t h hands s a : : d i n a l r e d . Abolsc t h e p o r t a g a i n s t a b a r u u n c i o f I i g1 s n i r m p ? r s k y , i f ; a g r o b p ortrait shads. r a i t and of chorbs �277 g r a c e f u l l y posed, r e p r e s e n t i n g music and t h e drama. T h e large cove surrounding the auditorium i s mented w i t h v a s e s o f f l o w e r s , b o u q u e t s a n d and f i g u r e s . T h e m o s t n o t i c e a b l e f e a t u r e o f decorations i s t h a t o f t h e dome, w h i c h i s a model o f b e a u t y and a r t i s t i c s k i l l . S u r r o u n d i n g t h e s u n l i g h t pended f r o m t h e c e n t e r a r e c u n n i n g l i t t l e c h e r u b s i n a c i r c l e bearing t r a i l i n g garlands o f flowers. T h e of the background brings out the figures i n strong one m a y a l m o s t i m a g i n e t h e m f l o a t i n g i n s p a c e a n d odor o f t h e i r f r a g r a n t burden. I t i s impossible t o g i v e a description o f the decorations which w i l l convey an adequate idea o f t h e i r b e a u t y. T h e y must be seen i n o r d e r t o preciated. The D r o p C u r t a i n represents a brown c u r t a i n having a reverse o f green thrown over a b a r extending across t h e t o p o f the proscenium arch. From t h i s b a r d e p e n d s a c u r t a i n o f p i n k u p o n w h i c h t h e shadows o f t h e b r o w n c u r t a i n a n d t a s s e l s a r e t h r o w n w i t h realistic e ff e c t ; a broad f l i g h t o f steps leads t o fenced b y a b a l u s t r a d e . I n t h e c e n t e r stands a g r a c e f u l page i n c o u r t d r e s s w i t h h i s e a r t o t h e c u r t a i n a s i f w a i t i n g f o r the s i g n a l t o p a r t i t on each side o f the wings. O n e gives an involuntary s t a r t o f surprise on entering a t t h e sight o f the l i f e - l i k e figure, a n d believes f o r that t h e p l a y has begun, and t h a t the "substance" n o t t h e "shadow" i s b e f o r e h i m . T h e d e s i g n i s o r i g i n a l w i t h M r. Chevelier and a t t r a c t s great admiration, both from the novelty of t h e d e v i c e and t h e admirable manner i n which t h e a r t i s t has e x e c u t e d h i s w o r k . The A c t D r o p At t h e ccmmencement o f t h e o v e r t u r e t h e d r o p c u r t a i n vanishes i n t o t h e f l i e s , a n d t h e a c t d r o p comes This w o r k i s c o n s i d e r e d b y Mr. C h e v e l i e r t h e b e s t e f f o r t o f his l i f e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n , and i s a model o f scenic a r t . T h e d e s i g n shows a mammoth v i e w o f t h e g r a n d c a n a l o f Ve n i c e , handsomely framed and a r t i s t i c a l l y drepeu w j t h heavy e u r t a i n e of g o l d and brown damask, w i t h a reveres o f p i n k , a n d a b o r d e r of greea, g o l d and c a r d i n a l r e d . T h e easting o f drapery i s one o f t h e l l o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a n a r t i s t ' s e t u d i e s . T h e d a m a s k looped a r c u n d t h i s ViPW o f Ve n i c e , a n d c a r e l e s s l y t h r o w n o v e r the b a l u s t r a d e , ( w h i e h i s d u p l i c a t e d f r o m s h e d r o p ) i s h r o u p h t �278 out w i t h an a r t i s t i c s k i l l seldom seen i n a work o f t h i s k i n d . The f e a t u r e s o f t h i s p a r t i c u l a r v i e w a r e b r o u g h t o u t w i t h every a t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l . T h e canal i n the ground i s crowded w i t h g r a c e f u l gondolas, marketmen's b a r g e s and f i s h i n g v e s s e l s . T h e p a i n t e d s a i l s o f t h e crews, c l a d i n t h e i r many- c o l o r e d garments, f u r n i s h b r i l l i a n t color e ff e c t s , which form a varied and pleasing spectacle. The m i d d l e f o r e g r o u n d s h o w s t h e s h o r e b o u n d a r y w i t h turesque p i l l a r s , arches, windows and t u r r e t s o f Venetian a r c h i t e c t u r e ; a glimpse o f t h e palace o f t h e Doge o f Ve n i c e , in which Ruskin says, " e v e r y source o f power and beauty are marvelously united, f o r m i n g a model o f p e r f e c t i o n " ; panile o f St. Mark's, t h e palace o f St. Mark's, w i t h the famed "Bridge o f Sighs" l e a d i n g t o t h e p r i s o n ; t h e shadowed course of cross-canals, a s t h e y pass beneath a g r a c e f u l l y arched bridge t o o t h e r p a r t s o f the l a b y r i n t h o f water ways. T h i s is a p a i n t i n g t h a t w i l l bear the severest c r i t i c i s m and closest inspection. A n ineffably delicate estimate tance i s employed and a c l o s e c a l c u l a t i o n o f r e s u l t volved. C o l d w a t e r i s t o be congratulated i n having secured so g o o d a w o r k o f a r t . M r . C h e v e l i e r h a s p a i n t e d m a n y o t h e r scenes f o r M r. T i b b i t s w h i c h a r e w o r t h y o f much a d m i r a t i o n . "Render Unto Caesar" First o f a l l our thanks are due t o Mr. T i b b i t s , through whose u n t i r i n g e f f o r t s t h e w o r k has b e e n accomplished, which g i v e s t o o u r c i t y t h i s b e a u t i f u l temple o f t h e muses; a b u i l d i n g s o l i d and s t r o n g where f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e water a p l a y can be p r o p e r l y placed upon the stage fortably enjoyed by the audience. I n his desire t o have everything i n keeping, Mr. Ti b b i t s equipped a band struments and uniforms, and furnished them w i t h a band room where f o r a number o f months t h e y have b e e n i n p r a c t i c e a n d t h e i r music receives g r e a t praise o f which i t i s ing. M r . Ti b b i t s has also organized an orchestra, ahich, under t h e generous l e a d e r s h i p o f P r o f . Geo. K l o c k , tained a marked degree o f p r o f i c i e n c y. The f o l l e w i n g g e n t l e m e n c h e e r f u l l y a s s i s t e d b i t s b y donatirq; : h e amount o p p o s i t e t h e i r names: A. B . D i c k e n s o n $ 2 Geo. S t a i r 1 0 D. C . P o w e r s 1 0 Merman & Chandler 1 Bali TIrnA, 1 0 A. C h a n d l e r 1 0 L. F . R(Jso 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Co A d i �279 C. D . R a n d a l l 1 0 0 H. J . Wo o d w a r d 1 0 0 J. W. S h i v e l y 1 0 0 B r i s t o l & Burlingame 1 0 0 Coldwater Gas L i g h t Co. 1 0 0 D. B . D e n n i s 1 0 0 Blodgett & Son 1 0 0 Anthony Henning 1 0 0 A. B r u e h l 1 0 0 H. C . L e w i s 1 0 0 S. S . S a u n d e r s 1 0 0 A. A . D o r a n c e 7 0 L. M . W i n g 5 0 Geo. M a n s e l l 5 0 J. Anderson 5 0 Frank P r a t t 5 0 Fred K o h l 5 0 Henry Fenn 2 5 C. A . S p a u l d i n g 2 5 A. R . B r o w n 2 5 Milnes Bros. & Hilton 2 5 Al. Milnes 2 5 G. W . W a i t e 2 0 A. Va n d e r h o o f 2 0 Donation 2 5 L. D . H a l s t e a d 1 5 Jacob Shenneman 1 0 J. R . D i c k e y 1 0 Geo. G r e e n w o o d 6 . 2 5 Leo Gutman 5 H. F r i e d m a n 5 To t a l $ 2 , 4 4 1 . 2 5 M r. T i b b i t s w a s v e r y f o r t u n a t e i n securin,,5 v i c e s o f s o c o m p e t e n t a s u p e r i n t e n d e n t .as M r . S a x t o n , u n d e r whose s u p e r v i s i o n t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g h a s b e e n c o n s t r u c t e d . M r. S a x t o n i s a m a n o f l a r g e e x p e r i e n c e i n b u i l d i n g , a n d t h e public can r e s t assured t h a t the work accomplished under h i s charge h a s been w e l l and t h o r o u g h l y done. ' h i The a r c h i t e c t , M o r t i m e r L . S m i t h , o f D e t r o i t , i s s o w e l l known t h a t comment f r u m u s seems a l m o s t u n n - c e s s a r y. H i F large experisnce i n Europe a s 'well a s i n t h i s c o t I n t f y, h a s w e l l f i t : z e d 1 ; i m '.:or h i s p o s i t i o n , a n d p l a c e s h i m 4-r rank o f archice,:ts. T h e r e s u l t o f h i s l a b o r s , a s exemplfie.:1• in t h e b e a u t i f u l Opera-hnse now f i n i s h e d , speaks s p r a i s e t"n71 a n y words we c a n r m r l o y. or M r. L . B . C h e v e l i e r, t h e f r e s c o and socrj,c ;.1.:.Lit, we c a n n o t s ' i l e e k j a t o : 3 h i g h p r a i l l . D i r i r z i h e p a s t f e u l i .. -- �280 years h e h a s p a i n t e d a number o f c u r t a i n s which have won f o r him t h e r e c o g n i t i o n h e d e s e r v e s . I t i s u n d e r s t o o d t h a t h e w i l l soon p a i n t a new drop c u r t a i n f o r Whitney's Opera-house i n D e t r o i t . H a d we space we would d e s c r i b e s e v e r a l scenes which d e s e r v e a t t e n t i o n , b u t w h i l e o u r r e a d e r s a r e e n j o y i n g the r e s u l t o f h i s l a b o r t h e y w i l l h o l d t h e a r t i s t i n k i n d l y remembrance f o r h i s b e a u t i f u l w o r k . While a l l c r e d i t i s t o b e g i v e n t o t h e o t h e r people employed i n t h i s g r e a t w o r k , s p e c i a l m e n t i o n must b e made o f one o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t a s s i s t a n t s , M r . J . B . H a n n a , s t a g e machinist who h a s h a d f u l l c o n t r o l o f a l l work done b e h i n d the f o o t l i g h t s . M r . Hanna has proven h i m s e l f t o b e t h o r o u g h l y posted i n e v e r y d e t a i l o f s t a g e m a c h i n e r y, a n d t h e a p p a r e n t l y incomprehensible t a n g l e o f ropes, p u l l e y s , e t c . , a r e t o h i m an o p e n b o o k . The c o n t r a c t f o r h e a t i n g a n d g a s f i t t i n g w a s Mansell & Son o f Coldwater, who have performed t h e i r t a s k i n t h e i r u s u a l s a t i s f a c t o r y m a n n e r, a n d h a v e p r o v e n t h e m s e l v e s masters o f t h e i r business. The g a l v a n i z e d i r o n c o n t r a c t w a s l e t t o J . B . M o r t o n & C o . , o f To l e d o , whose w o r k f a r exceeded t h e e x p e c t a t i o n s of M r. T i b b i t s . T h e w o r k was done u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f Fred H o f e r , w h o made a h o s t o f f r i e n d s w h i l e i n t h e c i t y . I t i s s a i d t h a t " a prophet i s n o t without honor save in h i s own c o u n t r y " b u t much c r e d i t must b e g i v e n M r. L . J . Goodell f o r t h e t a s t e d i s p l a y e d i n t h e u p h o l s t e r i n g , i n t h e selection and make-up o f the m a t e r i a l used, and t h e ner i n which t h e work has been done. cago, a t The c h a i r s w e r e f u r n i s h e d b y A . H . A n d r e w s , a c o s t o f $3010. The h o u s e w i l l b e f o r m a l l y o p e n e d t o t h e p u b l i c Thursday e v e n i n g n e x t b y t h e " M a i d o f A r r a n " C o m b i n a t i o n . Coldwater R e p u b l i c a n , Tu e s d a y, September 1 9 , 1 8 8 2 �APPENDIX D T I B H I T S O P E R A H O U S E D E D I C AT I O N AND OTHER P R E S S A C C O U N T S O F S P E C I A L I N T E R E S T �282 Coldwater Republican, 22 Sept. 1882 Theatre Dedication At an e a r l y hour on Thursday evening a large crowd congregated on t h e s t r e e t i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e t o w i t n e s s the a r r i v a l o f t h o s e who were t o a t t e n d t h e o p e n i n g performance. At e i g h t o ' c l o c k t h e house was w e l l f i l l e d w i t h audience e v e r assembled a t a n entertainment i n Coldwater. The l a d i e s w e r e i n f u l l d r e s s a n d t h e b r i l l i a n t h u e s o f t h e i r dresses, t h e g l i t t e r i n g l i g h t s , t h e handsome c u r t a i n a n d t h e elegant decorations o f the house produced a t o u t ensemble seldom s u r p a s s e d . T h e u s h e r s , c l a d i n t h e i r n e a t u n i f o r m s , performed t h e t a s k a l l o t t e d t o them so w e l l t h a t no c o n f u s i o n occurred and t h e seats were found and occupied remarkably well f o r a f i r s t n i g h t . A b o u t eight o'clock rose a n d d i s c l o s e d t h e c i t i z e n s committee s e a t e d o n t h e s t a g e . M r. H . C . L e w i s , C h a i r m a n o f t h e c o m m i t t e e a d d r e s s e d ence i n t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t r o d u c t o r y r e m a r k s : " L a d i e s a n d Gentlemen--We m e e t i n t h i s b e a u t i f u l O p e r a House t h i s e v e n i n g , greeted b y o u r noble and generous e x -Mayor T i b b i t s , f o r i t s dedication. I t seems eminently s i c f i t t i n g a n d we a s c i t i z e n s o f t h i s b e a u t i f u l c i t y ( w h c a r e t o e n j o y t h i s magnificent e d i f i c e erected to a r t ) should i n a express o u r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f t h i s b u i l d i n g and i t s b u i l d e r. With y o u r p e r m i s s i o n we w i l l l i s t e n t o t h e r e a d i n g o f some resolutions b y E. R. Root." M r. E . R . R o o t and G e n t l e m e n , auspicious and our p r e s e n t i n t then read the following resolution: " L a d i e s c i t i z e n s o f C o l d w a t e r --We m e e t t o n i g h t o n a n happy occasion, a n d one, moreover, t h a t c l a i m s e r e s t and o u r f u t u r e remembrance. E q u a l l y as i n d i v i d u a l s and as c i t i z e n s we have come, o n t h e opening n i g h t o f t h i s b e a u t i f u l temple o f the muses, f e s t o u r c o r d i a l f e e l i n g s t o w a r d s h i m whose provided i t f c r us, and t o secure o u r personal share o f the evening's pleasure. I t h a s seemed f i t t i n g t h a t some one s h o u l d s t e p t h i s t i a l e a n d v o i c e t h e common f e e l i n ; t h a t o n ful completion o f t h i s great work, which i s t o be, i n i t s e l f , an o r n a m e n t t o o u r c i t y , a n i n d e x o f t h e s u c c e s s p r i s e o f one o f e a r foremost husiness men, a n d a f a c t o r i n the p l e a s u r e , t h e e o c i a l a n d i n t e l l e c t u a l c u l t u r e o f t i r e c o m m u n i t y, eome o n e s h o u l d g i v e e x p r e e s i o n t o versal f e e l i n g o f o b l i g a t i o n t o t h e Hon. B . S . T i b b i t s . �IO 283 Permit me, t h e n , t o discharge t h e pleasant d u t y w i t h which I have b e e n e n t r u s t e d , a n d t o o f f e r t h e f o l l o w i n g preamble a n d resolutions: W h e r e a s t h e Hon. B . S . T i b b i t s , a t a v e r y l a r g e o u t l a y o f t i m e , e f f o r t a n d m o n e y, h a s f i n i s h e d a n d the p u b l i c t h i s p a l a t i a l Opera House, t h u s most g e n e r o u s l y, and a t g r e a t p e r s o n a l s a c r i f i c e , s u p p l y i n g a w a n t standing; a n d Whereas, The people a r e c h i e f l y any such e n t e r p r i s e , e s p e c i a l l y i n a c i t y o f p o p u l a t i o n and wealth o f Coldwater: a n d Whereas, F o r t h i s r e a s o n i t i s e m i n e n t l y proper t o make some r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e l i b e r a l i t y l i c s p i r i t o f t h e b u i l d e r o f a c o s t l y and elegant a u d i t o r i u m l i k e t h i s , t h e r e f o r e , Resolved, T h a t we t h e r e s i d e n t s water and v i c i n i t y, who are present on t h i s opening night o f Ti b b i t s ' Grand Opera House, d o hereby express o u r g r e a t pleasure in t h i s c o s t l y and substantial structure i n i t s magnificent appointionments, i n i t s perfect adaptation t o i t s purpose. Resolved t h a t wa c o n g r a t u l a t e t h e Hon. B . S . T i b b i t s o n t h e happy c u l m i n a t i o n o f h i s unwearied e f f o r t s i n b e h a l f selves, o u r f r i e n d s and the community a t l a r g e ; a n d t h a t we hereby extend him o u r sincere thanks f o r his p u b l i c s p i r i t , his unceasing labors, h i s good taste, h i s l a v i s h expenditure o f m o n e y, a n d h i s e x e c u t i v e a b i l i t y d i s p l a y e d i n t h e e a r l y a n d successful completion o f t h i s beautiful That we w i s h f o r him o n l y continued p r o s p e r i t y and many years o f happiness i n h i s e l e g a n t home, a n d t h e c o n t i n u e d esteem and g r a t i t u d e o f t h e p e o p l e whom h e h a s l a i d u n d e r s u c h g r e a t and l a s t i n g o b l i g a t i o n s . At t h e c l o s e o f t h e r e s o l u t i o n s Mr. R . G. Chandler arose from t h e a u d i e n c e a n d p r e s e n t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g amendment: " M r. C h a i r m a n - - T h e r e s o l u t i o n s j u s t r e a d m e e t m y dorsement, a s doubtless t h e y do e v e r y a u d i t c r i n ful temple, and as a special mark o f our appreciation o f the enterprise, eoura7e and push o f our schoolmate, associate and fellow c i t i z e n , B a r o n S. Ti b b i t s , who, t h i s n i g h t , dedicates to C e l d w a t e r t h i s b e a u t i f u l Opera House, t h u s a d d i n g a n o t h e r brill-Lant s t a r i n the already radiant constellation w a t e r ' s b e a u t y a n d a t t r a c t i o n s , I move y o u t h a t t h e v:Jte o n the a d o p t i o n o f t h e r e s o l u t i o n s b e t a k e n b y a r i s i n g v o t e . " M r. R . C . L o e r i d e - ; e made t h e a w i r e s s i n as f o l l o w s : behalf of thz citizens " L a d i e s a n d 1 7 ; e n t l e m e n - - Y o u h a d n o t e x p e c t e d Tr, h e n t h e c u r t i A l . n rose a momlnt agc, t h a t t h e " s t a r s " o f t h e e-ventrig w o u l d hut's!: upon yout , L T U " d e n l y , a n d I t h i n k y o u h a x e n o o u c a s i o n f o r a telescope t o discoveI what a b r i l l i a r t c o n s t e l l a t i o n you have before yoi:„ n o t t h a t 5 - - i r sl.:Csjt t O Y I L I ' t i s i n a g r a r A l a n d g1,:!ri7,u!-.. A r d resplendent with all the triumphs o f CaeaLrical kerfertion, and the beauties �284 o f modern a r t and a r c h i t e c t u r e . I take pleasure i n h e a r t i l y endorsing these resolutions, f o r i t h a s seemed t o u s e m i n e n t l y p r o p e r, a s M r. L e w i s h a s s t a t e d , t h a t some p u b l i c n o t i c e s h o u l d be t a k e n when a n e n t e r p r i s e o f this magnitude i s opened i n o u r midst, and i f I may f l a t t e r m y s e l f t h a t I s p e a k i n b e h a l f o f t h e y o u n g men o f o u r c i t y I would s a y f o r them, I would s a y i t a s I stand here i n t h e presence o f t h i s audience o f t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e p e o p l e o f o u r town, t h a t I am p r o u d o f t h i s n o b l e s t r u c t u r e , I am p r o u d e r y e t o f t h a t c i t i z e n whose l i b e r a l i t y , whose g e n e r o s i t y and whose s t i r r i n g e n t e r p r i s e h a s g i v e n i t t o a s - - B . S . T i b b i t s ; and I k n o w y o u w i l l g o s o f a r a s e v e n t o p a r d o n me i f I s h o u l d say i n t h e words o f A d m i r a l P o r t e r, ' t h a t d i s p i s e d r e l i c o f that s t i l l more d i s p i s e d Pinafore, t h a t i n the midst o f such surroundings my bosom s w e l l s w i t h p r i d e . ' I t i s n o t t h e man o f w e a l t h whose r i c h e s a r e l o c k e d u p i n h i s bonds, h i s mortgages, o r h i s s e c u r i t i e s ; i t i s n o t t h e man who o u n t s h i s g a i n s i n t h e s e c l u s i o n o f h i s o f f i c e counting house t h a t h e l p s o u r b e a u t i f u l c i t y most. I t i s the man who i s w i l l i n g t o l a u n c h h i s c a p i t a l i n t h e h a z a r d o u s building up o f manufactories and public enterprises, and i f our townsman has o u t s t r i p p e d t h e most o f Us i n t h e success of h i s business no one can l o o k upon his prosperity w i t h a jealous eye, f o r he has lavished i t w i t h a generous teous hand f o r t h e good o f t h e growth o f t h e c i t y . He h a s e s t a b l i s h e d a m a n u f a c t u r e h e r e t h a t s e n d s o u t chandise a s f a r w e s t a s t h e t e r r i t o r i e s and e a s t - - t o t h e New England s t a t e s , a n d t h e r e s o u r c e s f r o m these goods come b a c k and i s p a i d o u t b y t h e t h o u s a n d s t o o u r l a b o r i n g p e o p l e , a n d eventually goes i n t o t h e pockets o f o u r merehants and o u r business men, a n d now i n t h e f u l l f l u s h o f h i s success erected t h i s Opera House, a magnificent ornament t o and a s p l e n d i d monument t o h i s g e n e r o u s name. N o w h e r e i n i t s e r e c t i o n , f r o m i t s p i t t o i t s dome, h a s h i s hand been s t a y e d or h i s money s t i n t e d u n t i l t o n i g h t h e presents i t t o u s broad and s u b s t a n t i a l i n i t s b o i l d i n g , p e r f e c t i n i t s e q u i p m e n t , and a monument t h a t i s a n h o n o r t o h i s e n t e r p r i s e a n d h i s name." Dr. D . C . P o w e r, t h e n s t a t e d t h a t t h i s b e i n g h i s pearance o n a n y s t a g e " and making h i s debut s o l a t e i n l i f e , we c o u l d " s c a r e e x p e c t o n e o f h i s a g e " t o a c c o m p l i s h m u c h ; nevertheless h e appeared t o advantage i n f e l i c i t a t i n g Mr. Ti h b i t s and t h e audience o n t h e success o f t h e Opera Houee. M r. L o u i s Daum b e i n g r a i l e d u p o n c o m p l i m e n t e d M r . T i b b i t s h i g h l y on h i s k i n d l y ,;ar2 f o r t h e comforts o f t h e p r o f e s s i o n i n t h e Appointments o f the stage and deessing rooms. �285 M r. J . P . S h i p m a n c l o s e d t h e c o n g r a t u l a t o r y r e m a r k s i n a n e a t l i t t l e speech, i n which he referred t o the chairman o f the committee i n e u l o g i s t i c terms a s one who has done s o much f o r the i n s t r u c t i o n and e l e v a t i o n o f t h e community i n t i o n o f h i s magnificent A r t G a l l e r y. M r . Shipman s e l f a n a d m i r e r and s t u d e n t o f Shakespeare b y many tions from the "immortal bard." A t the close o f his remarks M r. T i b b i t s w a s l o u d l y c a l l e d f o r , a n d c o m i n g f o r w a r d a m i d tumultuous applause responded t o t h e good wishes o f h i s f r i e n d s i n the f o l l o w i n g words: "Ladies and Gentlemen- - I respond t o y o u r c a l l t h i s evening w i t h q u i t e a degree o f d e l i c a c y, a s i t i s v e r y embarrassing f o r me t o a d d r e s s a n a u d i e n c e composed o f m y p a r t i c u l a r f r i e n d s on a s u b j e c t t h a t i s s e e m i n g t o b e m y o w n b u s i n e s s . T h r o u g h two m o t i v e s I w a s s t i m u l a t e d t o make t h i s i n v e s t m e n t . T h e f i r s t w a s t o e r e c t a monument t o m y memory t h a t woman a n d c h i l d i n C o l d w a t e r w o u l d a p p r e c i a t e . S e c o n d , I would show t h e unhappy d i s s a t i s f i e d p o r t i o n o f i t y t h a t I was n o t s e l f i s h , b u t ready and w i l l i n g t o t h i n g i n my power t o b e a u t i f y and ornament o u r c i t y . T h e old time worn saying that Coldwater i s behind the times, and has n o r e s p e c t a b l e p l a c e o f amusement, t o n i g h t p a s s e s i n t o o b l i v i o n , a n d w i t h more p l e a s u r e t h a n I am a b l e t o e x p r e s s I present f o r your inspection t h i s evening a theatre unequaled i n a n y c i t y t h e s i z e o f Coldwater. T h e m a j o r i t y o f y o u have watched i t s c o n s t r u c t i o n w i t h as much z e a l as m y s e l f and w i l l b e a r me o u t i n t h e a s s e r t i o n t h a t i t i s b u i l t s a f e s t a n t i a l . T h e a r c h i t e c t s , M e s s r s M o r t i m e r L . S m i t h a n d W. E . Brown, t h e a r c h i t e c t a n d s u p e r i n t e n d e n t , M r . E . B . S a x t o n , the a r t i s t , M r. L . B . C h e v e l i e r, a n d t h e stage m a c h i n i s t , J . B. H a n n a h a v e e a c h p r o v e d t h e m s e l v e s g e n t l e m e n w o r t h y t h e i r respective t i t l e , a n d i n the presence of this audience I wish to p u b l i c l y t h a n k them f o r t h e a r t and s k i l l t h e y played, t o t h e g e n t l e m e n who have c o n t r i b u t e d t o w a r d s t h i s e n t e r p r i s e , t o y o u g e n t l e m e n who have s o k i n d l y i n t e r e s t e d yourselves o n my b e h a l f , a n d t o y o u f o r t h e complimentary benefit. I a l s o extend my thanks, a s s u r i n g you a t time t h a t I s h a l l make a n e a r n e s t e f f o r t t o p l a c e u p o n t h i s stage a c l a s s o f e n t e r t a i n m e n t s t h a t s h a l l be w o r t h y o f y o u r esteem a n d p a t r o n a g e . The o v e r t u r e b y t h e o r c h e s t r a w a s w e l l r e n d e r e d a n d t h e i r music t h r o u g h o u t t h e e v e n i n g was r e c e i v e d w i t h t h e u t m o s t appreciation and h e a r t y applause. T h e f i r s t a c t o f draggeel somewhat b u t i m p r o v e d m a t e r i a l l y a s t h e p l a y p r o g r e s s e d The s o n g a n d d a n c e m i g h t h a v e b e e n o m i t t e d w i t h a c i v a n t a g e . While M r. G a l l a g h e r i s e x c e l l e n t i n h i s l i n e , t h e a c t seems somewhat o u t o f p l a c e . M i s s H e l l o c k p o s s e e e e s a c l e a r , e w a e t v o i c e . H e r s o n g s a r e e x c e l l e n t l y r e n d e r e d enci r c e i v e d h e r t y encores. M r . Daum i s a l s o a f i n e s i n g e r ant' p e r f o r m e d �286 c r e d i t a b l y. M r . A i k e n and Miss Rogers have appeared i n t h i s c i t y before and a r e f a v o r i t e s h e r e . N e had hoped t o s e e them i n r o l e s m o r e f i t t i n g t o t h e i r t a l e n t s . has a f i n e v o i c e a n d r e n d e r e d h i s p a r t i n a n a t u r a l m a n n e r. M r . B a u m m a d e a h a p p y h i t w h e n h e c o n c e i v e d t h e p a r t of Mrs. H a r r i e t Holcomb, w h i c h p a r t was w e l l f i l l e d Gray who k e p t t h e a u d i e n c e i n g o o d h u m o r. T h e denouement i s altogether too tame ard should be r e - w r i t t e n . T h e tings are very f i n e throughout the piece, noticeably the r u i n s o f t h e c a s t l e o f A r r a n and t h e s h i p scene. T h e f l o r a l t r i b u t e s presented t o Mr. T i b b i t s and were v e r y b e a u t i f u l . M r . R y a n r e n d e r e d t h e p a r t o f Con O ' M a r a i n a q u i e t a n d e f f e c t i v e m a n n e r. The p l a y w i l l b e r e p e a t e d t h i s e v e n i n g w i t h p o p u l a r p r i c e s o f admission. Roland Reed i n Cheek w i l l b e t h e n e x t a t t r a c t i o n a t t h i s beautiful temple devoted to histrionic a r t . Coldwater Republican, 2 6 Sept. 1882 Coldwater has f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e a s u i t a b l e p l a c e the drama c a n b e p r o p e r l y and s a t i s f a c t o r i l y p r e s e n t e d . T h e edifice, b o t h i n and out, i s elegant and a l l the are such a s t o w a r r a n t t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f t h e b e s t p l a y s b y the b e s t a r t i s t s . N o a c t o r w i l l h e s i t a t e t o a p p e a r b e f o r e the C o l d w a t e r p u b l i c because o f a l a c k o f stage e f f e c t o r because o f i m p r o p e r a c o u s t i c p r o p e r t i e s . T h e a u d i t o r i u m i s admirably a r r a n g e d a n d e v e r y a t t e m p t h a s been made t o make the b u i l d i n g c o m p l e t e . W e s..y t h a t t h e appointments a r e s u c h that f i r s t - c l a s s n i a y s can be p u t upon the boards c l a s s a c t o r s w i l l b e N i l l i n g t o assume t h e r o l e s . I t i s s o admirable i n a l l i t s arrangements t h a t seconA ana t h i r d r a t e companies w i l l b e o n l y t o o w i l l i n g t o a v a i l t h e m s e l v e s o f such a d v a n t a g e s . T h i s w i l l p u t u p o n t h e manager b i l i t y t h a t we t r u s t he may exercise w i t h good s i u d g y n t and t a c t . H e w i l l b e cajlc-:d upou t o a s s e r t h i s c o n t r o l a t t i m e when i t w i l l b e d i f f i c u l t t o d o s o . I f t h e p u b l i c ways b e a s s u r e d t h a t e v e r y t h i n g t h a t g o e s u p o n t h e s t a g c w i l l be t h e b e s t o f i t s c l a s s o r e v e n a c l o s e to, i t would g i v e a r e p u t a t i o n t o the house and i n s t i l l a public confidence t h a t cannot be e a s i l y shaken. opposite c o u r s e b e puaaued ( a n d we s h a l l hope i t m a y n o t ) t h e r e s u l t w i l l b.a d a m a g t o t h e m a n a e m , - - n i t e l d e r e l o n g d e s t r o y t h e h o p e s o f h s e .,*-(7 w i s h o n l y ' , J e l l o f t h e e n t e r p r i s e . Thobe w h o h a v e g i v e n t h e i r l i f e t o t h e d r a m a r e a l i z e t h a t t i e r i t i n t h e p r o f e s s o n i s o n l y a t t a i n e d b y t o n g and. c. �287 tinuous study and p r a c t i c e . S u c h playwriters a s Goethe and Lessing established schools o f a c t i n g and labored w i t h g r e a t assiduity to p e r f e c t actors i n pronunciation and a l l ternal desiderata necessary to a f i n e presence and ners upon t h e s t a g e . T h e b e s t actors o f our time c e e d i n g l y a m b i t i o u s . W h e n t h e y come b e f o r e t h e f o o t l i g h t s they are influenced w i t h a desire t o t r u l y merit and g o o d w i l l o f t h e i r a u d i t o r s . T h e y s t u d y t o p r e s e n t t h e characters t h e y represent i n such a l i g h t t h a t these s h a l l be recognized a s t r u t h f u l . T h o s e who a r e t r u l y d e v o t e d t o t h e h i s t r i o n i c a r t a i m through t h e i r speech, t h e i r manner and form t o d e p i c t i n r e a l l i f e t h e scenes a n d c h a r a c t e r s w h i c h the drama may p o r t r a y. W e c r e d i t t h e r e a l a c t o r w i t h t h i s studious d e s i r e t o be f a i t h f u l . W e r e t h i s always k e p t i n view i n a l l p l a y s , a n d were a l l plays arranged w i t h dious r e g a r d t o p r e s e n t l i f e i n i t s strongest aspects and not make t h e f o i b l e s and f o l l i e s o f l i f e t h e more a t t r a c t i v e , t h e r e c o u l d b e l i t t l e t o condemn o n t h e s t a g e . I n d e e d , a s i t i s w e b e l i e v e t h e r e i s much t o b e l e a r n e d a n d much good t o b e derived from a s k i l l f u l presentation o f a good drama. T h e pleasure d e r i v e d from hearing such actors a s F o r r e s t , Booth, McCullough, J e f f e r s o n , F l o r e n c e and Barney Wi l l i a m s and s u c h a c t r e s s e s a s C h a r l o t t e Cushman, C h a r l o t t e Thompson chek i s t r u l y d e l i g h t f u l a n d e l e v a t i n g t o b o t h m i n d a n d h e a r t , provided t h e h e a r e r on h i s p a r t gives t o mind and h e a r t t h e exercise which e v e r y good a c t o r would w i s h t o awaken. T o hear Forrest a s Macbeth o r Richlieu, cpoth as Hamlet o r R i c h a r d I I I , o r Cushman a s Queen C a t h e r i n e i s . i n d e e d , a r i c h l i t e r a r y repast t h a t one w i l l r e c a l l i n a f t e r years as an i n s p i r a t i o n . T o make t h e t h e a t e r p r o f i t a b l e t h e r e t h i s r e a l studi,..,us i n t e r e s t o n t h e p a r t o f t h e l i s t e n e r . T o o many g o f o r t h a m a r e s e n s u a l g r a t i f i c a t i o n w h i c h i t do s o , i s w h y p l a y a c t o r s h a v e b e e n f o r c e d t o g i v e u p t h e l e g i t i m a t e and h e a l t h f u l drama and p u t upon t h e s t a g e more attractions j L t h e eye o r the passions. I n s t e a d o f the strong and v i g o r o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f c h a r a c t e r w h i c h B o o t h r e t t and others d e l i g h t t o present, we are t r e a t e d t o mere spectacular dramas l i k e B l a c k Crook i n which e v e r y attempt i s made t o p l e a s e t h e e y e a n d e x c i t e t h e b a s e r deed, t h i s c l a s s o f p l a y s h a s become a l t o g e t h e r t o o common. There a r e l i g h t c r s o c i e t y p l a y s which a r e n o t b a d b u t g o o d i s h . They a r e p u t f o r w a r d a s s t a g e d e s c r i p t i o n s o f p r e s e n t A m e r i c a n l i f e a n d a t t r a c t crowds a t D a l y ' s F i f t h Avenue T h e a t e r. B u t the l i f e p r e s e n t e d i s morbid, s i l l y , s e n t i m e n t a l , f r i v o l o u s and s o m e t i m 3 s m r e t r i c i o u s . T h e r e i s s u c h l i f e i n A m e r i c a but i t i s n o t h e a l t h f u l , i t i s i n s i p i d . I t aboands j e c t i v e s and sonietimes e x p l e t i v e s ; b u t does n o t awaken a healthful thought. raven good p l a y s and s k i l l f u l a c t o r s , however, t h e r e may even t h e n b e a f e i j u r e t o respond o n t h e p a r t o f t h e h e a r e r . �288 I t i s because hearers go j u s t t o laugh, o r j u s t t o please the sense, t h a t t h e drama o f t o d a y has a d e n c y. T o h e a r H a m l e t e n j o y a b l y r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e l i s t e n e r shall follow Booth c r i t i c a l l y through every point i n his delineation. T o hear him p r o f i t a b l y requires a study play and o f t h e t i m e i n which i t was w r i t t e n . S o t o o l i e u . L i k e w i s e s h o u l d we s t u d y t h e modern p l a y. N o t e how f a r i t corresponds t o a c t u a l l i f e . S t u d y not m e r e l y how t h e p l o t i s wrought o u t , o r what t h e denouement i s , b u t how f a i t h f u l t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i s , a n d t h e n b y means o f c o m p a r i s o n discern, i f possible, whether the kind o f l i f e depicted i s such a s makes t h e b e s t s o c i e t y and b u i l d s u p human l i f e . I f n o t , t h e t i m e w i l l come when a b e t t e r l i f e w i l l b e d e p i c t e d i n dramas t h a t a r e l o f t i e r i n t o n e a n d more e l e v a t i n g i n t h e i r t e n d e n c y. Goldwater Republican, 1 7 Oct. 1882 D a r l i n g L i t t l e B a b y --Who c a n h e l p l o v i n g t h e s w e e t l i t t l e creatures? N o w i f t h e r e i s one p l a c e more t h a n another where one f o r m s a n a t t a c h m e n t f o r t h e l i t t l e b u n d l e s o f s w e e t n e s s i t i s a n entertainment, when, dressed i n your best, seated by t h e s i d e o f y o u r l a d y , y o u a w a i t a n x i o u s l y f o r t h e c u r t a i n to r i s e . S o m e c e l e b r a t e d s t a r i s t o a p p e a r, o r y o u a r e t o l i s t e n t o t h e s o u l - i n s p i r i n g m u s i c o f some p r i m a d o n n a y o u have s o l o n g been a n x i o u s t o h e a r ; b u t j u s t b e f o r e t h e moment a r r i v e s a k i n d an i n d u l g e n t f a t h e r , w i t h one o f these l i t t l e b u n d l e s i n h i s arm7F,, a n d h i s w i f e b y h i s s i d e , e n t e r a n d s e a t themselves d i r e c t l y i n f r o n t o f you. A b o u t are consumed i n t a k i n g o f f t h e d e a r l i t t l e c r e a t u r e ' s c l o a k , cap, e c . , chuc-;:ing !lila u n d e r t h e c h i n , t a l k i n g baby t a l k , and t h e n looki!A,p; a r e u n d t o s e e i f t h c s e r t t h i r v i u i a i t y do n o t b y t h e i r a c t i o n s s e e m t o s a y . " L o o k a t t h b l e s s i n g . A i n ' t he nice?" T h y are s a t i s f i e d , f o / a l l eyes i n t h e i r d i : : . e c i o n ; h e s t o s e d u p o n c e o r t w i c e ; matruno gives him a cookie; a n d hy t n i s time t h e c u r t a i n boa been up about t w e n t y m i n u t e : b u t what c a r e y o u f o r the g r e s s i n g CE t h e :4,0.jc. h e c h i l d claimE, y o u r a t t e n t i o n ; s e e h o w c t n n i n i . - ; , h c 11:As c l i m t r e q u p o u . t i s f : : t h e r ' s s h o u l d e r and i s c r u m b l i n g t h e c o o k i e g o o d n a t u r e d i l y s i c o v e r y o u r l a d y ' s a e w s i l k d r e s s , Y o u p u t o u t y o u r g 1 eyed. h a n d t o s t a y the d e l ! g . h t f u l c r e a t u r e i n h i s i n n o c e n t amnsemont i t seizes i t . a n d f7:cm i t s l i . t t l e t h r o a t p e a l s f o r t h t h a t b a b y l a c g b e r w h i c h c o : e r y o n e i n t h e h o u s e i s moved b y . O f totAI:7e i t t a k e s p l a c e .tu!-t a s t h e l a d y s t a r i s worklaf7 up ing Of her a u j e n o - with the heart-Icnding s c e n c of her " 7 I v c n i l d d f , a l , d e a d . " b u t i t ' s n o 4S:3; U a b i ) b c a r c e l y t t i o v e , a o l d , i s :Ale a t t r a c t i o n , a l v i t h e s t a r f o i l s to p 1 e s t , . O f c o u r s e f,he wonder!: a t i t . . n • a p p l U s e a t t h e A i l �289 end o f t h e a c t , n o b o u q u e t s ; b u t n e v e r m i n d , s h e w i l l c o n q u e r next a c t . U p goes t h e c u r t a i n and so does t h e c h i l d ; h e has just learned t o walk, and the indulgent parents place him on h i s " t o o t i e s " i n t h e a i s l e , a n d u p and down he r u n s , p l a c i n g h i s p r e t t y l i t t l e h a n d s ( s o i l e d somewhat w i t h t h e c o o k i e ) o n t h i s one a n d t h a t , a n d o c c a s i o n a l l y stopping t o d r o o l down a b r e a d t h o r s o o f some o n e ' s b e s t d r e s s . O f c o u r s e c a s i o n a l l y f a l l s down and c r i e s a s i f h i s l i t t l e h e a r t would break, b u t papa runs and picks him up and the fond parents shake a b u n c h o f k e y s , t a l k t o h i m a n d h e i s s o o n round a g a i n . E v e r y one i s g l a d h e i s n o t h u r t . W h o c a r e s anything about t h e p l a y, n o t a soul i n the house. W h a t ' s t h e m a t t e r now, l o o k a t t h e d a r l i n g l i t t l e t h i n g a i n ' t h e c u n n i n g . He h a s c r a w l e d i n t o h i s m o t h e r ' s l a p a n d r e a c h i n g o v e r s n a t c h e d a t w e l v e d o l l a r plume o f f from t h e l a d y ' s h a t occupying t h e next s e a t . O f course h e r h a t i s o f f , t h e plume destroyed, h e r h a i r down, b u t what o f i t , i t s t h e b a b y and i t s s o cunning. But a t l a s t t h e s t a r becomes j e a l o u s a n d r e q u e s t s t h a t t h i s opposition be removed, s t a t i n g t o t h e manager t h a t h a v i n g been engaged a s t h e a t t r a c t i o n f o r t h e e v e n i n g , s h e d e s i r e s to f u l f i l l t h e c o n t r a c t , c o n s e q u e n t l y t h e w i t h h a t r e d i n h i s bosom t o w a r d t h e a c t r e s s , b u t bound b y h i s contract i s f o r c e d t o i n f o r m t h e parents, whose s o u l i s wrapped up i n t h e i r o f f s p r i n g , t h a t h e s h a l l b e o b l i g e d t o g i v e t h e m a l a t e r d a t e , a n d t h e t w o , u p o n whom t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e audience h a s b e e n c e n t e r e d , t a k e t h e i r d a r l i n g and make t h e i r exit followed b y the anxious gaze o f a l l , and not u n t i l t h e doors h a v e c l o s e d a f t e r t h e m i s t h e a r t i s t a b l e t o command t h e i r a t t e n t i o n s . C r u e l , c r u e l managers. MORAL— L e t t h o s e d e s i r i n g o p e n - d a t e s f o r c h i l d r e n i n a r m s address B . S . T i b b i t s and save b e i n g i n t e r f e r e d w i t h by s t a r s . �I APPENDIX E I LLUSTRATI A ��������BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Newspapers Branch County J o u r n a l . Coldwater Reporter. N o v. S e p t . The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n . 11 , 1851- - N o v. 1 , 1 8 5 3 . 1 , 1901--Jan. 21, 1905. M a y 2, 1868--March 23, 1897. The C o l d w a t e r S e n t i n e l . A p r i l 1 5 , 1 8 4 1 - - M a y 2 6 , 1 8 5 4 a n d April 27, 18- - J a n . 1 , 1870. Coldwater Union Sentinel. A p r i l 22, 1864- - A p r i l 13, 1865. The C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n . N o v . 4 , 1 8 8 2 - - A u g u 5 t 1 3 , 1892 a n d A p r i l 3 0 , 1 9 0 6 - - J u n e 2 1 , 1 9 1 2 . The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n . M a r c h 2 6 , 1 8 9 7 - - A p r i l 2 7 , 1 9 0 6 . The N e w Y o r k D r a m a t i c M i r r o r . J a n . 7 , 1882--Dec. 31, 1904. The R e p u b l i c a n . A u g u s t 2 3 , 1 8 6 6 - - A p r i l 2 3 , 1 8 6 8 . The W e e k l y C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r . J u n e 22, 1895--March 19, 1697. Printed Records Atlas o f Branch County M i c h i a n . 1872 Philadelphia: C . 0. Titus, Coldwater C i t y D i r e c t o r y, 1882-1902. Collections and Researches Michigan Picreor a d S o c i e r, v, Vo l ! " . . 1 - 4 0 . L a n s i n g : R o h e r t S m i t h an,:l C o . , 1876-1912. S t a n d a r d A t l a s o f E r -an,-:.h C c r h t y A. 0g2,- I n c ' G o . , 1 9 1 5 . 2rg M g e n . fthicago: �299 Collections "Historical Vertical F i l e . " Coldwater Public water, M i c h i g a n . T i b b i t s Opera House Programs, 1 8 - - . C o l l e c t i o n b i t s Foundation, Coldwater, Michigan. of Secondary Sources State and Local Histories Bald, F . C l e v e r . M i c h i g a n i n F o u r C e n t u r i e s . N e w Yo r k : Harper, 1 9 5 4 . Coldwater I l l u s t r a t e d . C o l d w a t e r, Michigan: 1889. J . S . Conover, C o l l i n , H e n r y P. H i s t o r y and B i o g r a p h i c a l R e c o r d o f B r a n c h C o u n t y, M i c h i g a n . N e w Yo r k : T h e L e w i s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 6 . D u n b a r, W i l l i s F . M i c h i g a n T h r o u g h t h e C e n t u r i e s . V o l . Chicago: L e w i s H i s t o r i c a l P u b l i s h i n g Co., 1 9 5 5 . I I . • " T h e Opera House a s a S o c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n i n Michigan." M i c h i g a n H i s t o r y Magazine, X X V I I Dec., 1 9 4 3 ) , 661. F u l l e r , G e o r g e N . E c o n o m i c a n d S o c i a l Berrinni_ngs o f Michip-an. Lansing, Michigan: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck and Crawford Co., 1916. . M i c h i g a n A Centennial History c f the State and its People. T r vols. C h i c a g o : T h e Lewis Publishinc Co., 1 9 3 9 . Johnson, C r i s f i e l d . H i s t o r y o f Branch PhiladrAphia: E v e r t s and Abbott, 8-79. Michigan W r i t e r ' s P r o j e c t . M i c h i g a n A Guide Stare. N e w Yo r k : O x f o r d U n i v e r s i t y o t h e W, D l v e r i n . , , P r e , 1941. P o r t r a i t and Biographical Album o f Branch County Chicago: Chapman r o t h e r s . I S . M1,7-hirran. �300 Q u a i f e , M i l o M . a n d G l a z e r, S y d n e y. M i c h i g a n f r o m P r i m i t i v e Wilderness t o I n d u s t r i a l Commonwealth. N e w Yo r k : Harper and Bros., 1923. American T h e a t r e H i s t o r i e s The A c t o r ' s B i r t h d a y B o o k : A n A u t h o r i t a t i v e I n s i g h t i n t o _ t h e L i v e s o f t h e M e n a n d Wo m e n o f t h e S t a g e B o r n between J a n u a r y F i r s t a n d December T h i r t y - F i r s t . 3rd. e d . E d . Johnson B r i s c o e . N e w Yo r k : M o f f a t , Y a r d a n d C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 9 . Birdoff, H a r r y. W o r l d ' s Greatest H i t : New Y o r k : V a n n i , 1 9 4 7 . U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n . Brown, T . A l l s t o n . H i s t o r y o f t h e A m e r i c a n S t a g e C o n t a i n i n z B i o g r a p h i c a l S k e t c h e s o f N e a r l y E v e r y Member o f t h e Profession t h a t Has Appeared on t h e American Stage From 1 7 3 3 t o 1 8 7 0 . N e w Y o r k : D i c k a n d F i t z g e r a l d , 1870. Burris-Meyer, H a r o l d and Edward C . C o l e . T h e a t r e s a n d Auditoriums. 2 n d e d . N e w Yo r k : R e i n h o l d P u b l i s h i n g Corporation, 1964. Callahan, J o h n M. " A H i s t o r y o f t h e Second Olympic T h e a t r e of S t . Louis, Mo., 1882-1916." D i s s . K e n t S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y, 1 9 7 4 . Carson, W i l l i a m G . B . T h e a t r e o n t h e F r o n t i e r . C h i c a g o : U n i v e r s i t y o f Chicago P r e s s , 1 9 3 2 . C a s s a d y, M a r s h a l l G . " T h e H i s t o r y o f P r o f e s s i o n a l T h e a t r e in Salem, Ohio, 1847-1394." D i S 3 . Kent v e r s i t y, 1972. Celtnam, C h a r l e s S . e d . T h e D r a m a t i c Ye a r b o o k and S t a r e Directory 1892. L o n d o n : T r i s c h l e r and C o . , 1 8 9 2 . Clapp, J o h n Bouve, a n d Edwin i e a n c i s E d g e t t . P l e e e r s o f t h e Present. 3 -fols. i n 1 , N e x ' o r - : D u n l a p S o c i e t y. '899-1901. C l a r k , B a r r e t t H . F a v o r i t e A m e r c a n P L a - e o f tn.-, N i n e i e e n t b C e n t u r y. P r i n c e t o n , New J e i s ? y : sity Press, 1943. Coad, O r a l S u m n e r, a n d E d w i n Mims J r . T h e A m e r i c a n S t a . V o l . X I V o f .Pex-eant o f m e e i c e . N e w d e n , e n n . : Ya l e TTniver-,ity P r e . 1 9 9 . �301 Crawford, M a r y C a r o l i n e . Romance o f t h e American T h e a t r e . Boston: L i t t l e , 1 9 2 5 . D i c t i o n a r y o f A m e r i c a n B i o g r a p h y. E d . Dumas M a l o n e . N e w Yo r k : C h a r l e s S c r i b n e r ' s S o n s , 1 9 2 8 - 3 7 . D i c t i o n a r y o f A m e r i c a n B i o g r a p h y, S u p p l e m e n t I . E d . H a r r i s E. S t a r r . N e w Yo r k : C h a r l e s S c r i b n e r ' s S o n s , 1 9 4 4 . Eaton, W a l t e r P r i c h a r d . A m e r i c a n S t a g e o f To d a y. B o s t o n : Small, 1 9 0 8 . F i r k i n s , I n a Te n Eyck. I n d e x t o P l a y s , 1 8 0 0 - 1 9 2 6 . N e w Yo r k : H . W . W i l s o n C o . , 1 9 2 7 . F r e e d l e y, G e o r g e , a n d John A . R e e v e s . A H i s t o r y o f t h e Theatre. N e w Yo r k : C r o w n P u b l i s h e r s , 1 9 4 1 . F u l l e r, Edward ed. D r a m a t i c Ye a r, 1887-1888. nor, 1 8 8 9 . Fyles, F r a n k l i n . T h e a t r e and I t s D o u b l e d a y, 1 9 0 0 . People. N e w Y o r k : G i l b e r t , Douglas. A m e r i c a n Vaudeville: New Y o r k : M c G r a w - H i l l , 1 9 4 0 . I t s Life a n d Ti m e s . Glover, Lyman B e e c h e r. S t o r y o f a T h e a t r e . C h i c a g o : Donnelly and Sons, 1 8 9 8 . R . R. Grau, R o b e r t . F o r t y Ye a r s O b s e r v a t i o n o f M u s i c a n d t h e D r a m . New Y o r k a n d B a l t i m o r e : B r o a d w a y P u b l i s h i n g C o . , 1909. Hapgool, Norman. T h e Stage i n Macmillan, 17/0:. America, 1 ” 7 - 1 9 0 G . N e w Yo r k : H e r r o n , I m a H o n a k e r . T h e S m a l l To w n i n A m e r i c a n las: S o u t h r n -Methodist L n i y e r s i t y Press, 1969. H e w i , B a r n a r d . T h e a t r e !...S.A. 1 6 6 5 McGraw- H i l t , 1 9 5 , o 1 9 5 ' . N e w Yo r k : H c , r n b l o i . , A r t h u r . A H i t o r y (Thf t h e T h e a t r e I n A m e l - i c a . Philadelphir).: L i p p i n c o t v , 1919. Horton, William F i l l s . D r i f t w o o d Winn a n & i Vo r i a n d , 1 9 0 ! ; . u f Hoyt. HarlQwe R . lo!,11 7 % ) r 1 . 2 . 1 . A.J.: P r e n t i c e 1 9 ' 6 . Liglewood �302 Hughes, G l e n n . A H i s t o r y o f t h e A m e r i c a n T h e a t r e , 1 7 0 0 - 1 9 5 0 . New Y o r k : S a m u e l F r e n c h , 1 9 5 1 . Hutton, Lawrence. C u r i o s i t i e s Yo r k : H a r p e r , 1 8 9 1 . o f the American Stage. N e w Jerome, Jerome K . S t a g e - l a n d : C u r i o u s H a b i t s a n d Customs o f I t s I n h a b i t a n t s . N e w Yo r k : H o l t , 1 8 9 0 . Macgowan, K e n n e t h a n d W i l l i a m M e l n i t z . T h e L i v i n g S t a g e . New J e r s e y : P r e n t i c e - H a l l C o . , 1 9 5 5 . M c K a y, F r e d e r i c E . a n d C h a r l e s W . L . W i n g a t e . F a m o u s A m e r i c a n A c t o r s o f To d a y. N e w Yo r k : T h o m a s Y . C r o w e l l a n d Co., 1896. M o o d y, R i c h a r d . A m e r i c a Ta k e s t h e S t a g e : R o m a n t i c i s m i n American Drama a n d T h e a t r e , 1 7 5 0 - 1 9 0 0 . B l o o m i n g t o n Indiana: U n i v e r s i t y Press, 1955. Moses, M o n t r o s e J . A m e r i c a n D r a m a t i s t . B o s t o n : 1 9 11 . . Famous Actor-families Crowell, 1906. L i t t l e , i n America. N e w Yo r k : The N e w T h e a t r e H a n d b o o k a n d D i g e s t o f P l a y s . e d . B e r n a r d Sobel. N e w Yo r k : C r o w n P u b l i s h e r s , I n c . , 1 9 5 9 . O d e l l , George C . D . A n n a l s o f t h e New Yo r k S t a g e , 1 5 V015. New Y o r k : C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 2 7 - 4 9 . Phelps, H . P. P l a y e r s o f a Century: 4 Record o f the Albany Stage, InclucLrig N o t i c e o f P r o m i n e n t A c t o r s Who H a v e Appeared i n k m e r l e a . A L b a n y : J o s e p h McConcugh, 1SE,0. Pitou, Augustus. M a s t e r s 1914. o f t h e S h o w. N e w Yo r k : C r o w e l l , Quinn, A r t h u r Hebson. H i s t o r y o f t h e American Drama f r o m the C i v i l War t o t h e P r e s e n t D a y. A a W Yo r k : C r o f t s , 1 9 3 6 . R i c e , E d w a r d L e R o y. M o n a r c h s P u b l i s h i n g C o . , 1 9 11 . o f Minstrelca. N e w Yo r k : K e n n y R a h i l l , F r a n k . T h e World o f Melodrama. U n i v e r s i t y P a r k , Pa.: P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Press, 1 9 6 7 . S h a n o w e r, D o n a l d T h o m a s . " A C o m p a r a t i v e a n . D e s c r i p t i v e S t u 6 7 of Three Opera houses i n Southern Michigan, 1880-1900." Dias. T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Michigan, 1939. �303 Stephenson, E . I r e n a e u s . " D e n m a n Thompson a n d O u r R u r a l L i f e D r a m a . " F a m o u s American A c t o r s o f To - D a y, T I , Eds. F r e d e r i c Edward McKay a n d C h a r l e s E . g a t e . N e w Y o r k : T h o m a s Y . C r o w e l l a n d C o m p a n y, 1 8 9 6 . Strang, Lewis C . P l a y e r s and Plays o f the L a s t tury: A n H i s t o r i c a l Summary o f Causes a n d a C r i t i c a l Review o f C o n d i t i o n s a s E x i s t i n g i n t h e American Theatre a t t h e Close o f the Nineteenth Century--The T h e a t r e o f To - D a y, I I . B o s t o n : L . C . P a g e a n d C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 3 . Who's Who o n t h e S t a g e 1 9 0 8 : T h e D r a m a t i c R e f e r e n c e B o o k and B i o g r a p h i c a l D i r e c t o r y o f t h e T h e a t r e , C o n t a i n i n g Careers o f A c t o r s , A c t r e s s e s , Managers and P l a y w r i g h t s o f t h e American Stage. E d s . W a l t e r Brown and E . DeRoy K o c h . N e w Y o r k : B . W . D o d g e a n d C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 8 . Wilson, G a r i f f B. A H i s t o r y o f American Acting. ton, Indiana: I n d i a n a U n i v e r s i t y Press, Wittke, C a r l F. Ta m b o and Bcnes. D u r h a m , N . C . : versity Press, 1930. Blooming 1966. Duke �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tibbits Opera House Description An account of the resource Miscellaneous items related to the historic Tibbits Opera House in Coldwater, Michigan Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of the Tibbits Opera House 1882-1904 Subject The topic of the resource Tibbits Opera House Theater Michigan Coldwater History Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillespie, Carolyn L. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Michigan Coldwater https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/30264cc178ad61ba74d25cca8baae8f3.pdf 87dc61a8d1501546475af58d41b34f75 PDF Text Text a 7 _ Tibbits at the Opera House �_— Richard F. Biringer William W.Bobier Elwyn J. Bodley Seton C. Bovee Dale H. Brose William B. Carlson Godfrey Collins James O. Conrad Sherwood W. Craig F. Harold Creal Fred Culy Duane E. Davidson John T. Dean Edward R. De Vito Lawrence E. Donay John P. Dygert James R. Endicott Albert F. Faller Mark J. Feller Richard Fischer Ray Fox William H. Fuller Charles A. Gishert Edwin C. Geishert Darrel Goble E. Harold Goodholm Reo E. Goodwin CLUB MEMBERS Richard G. Holben Richard Hruska Larry L. Iverson Santford E. Jolley John A. Kennedy Robert B. Kerr John E. Klein Vincent Kornstein James E. Koss Ralph La Gro Bernard Laney Patrick R. Leonard Robert E. Loose C. Lester Luce Ernest W. Luse James Lyon William E. Lymburner Harold J. Mc Knight Thomas Miller John K. Milnes William S. Milnes Normand H. Moore Richard D. Moore Robert Nagle Albert R. Nelson Thomas E. Normandin David A. Norton Gilbert J. Patton B. Keath Pearce John S. Pierson Honorary Members: Robert Man Dale Treadwell Kenneth Putnam G. David Rubley Robert E. Rumsey Paul E. Ruse Gordon R. Schlubatis Robert L. Seaman Craig H. Sebald Harlow W. Sexton Donald V. Shorno Don Stine Alan J. Sward Conrad Swart Howard D. Taylor Howard M. Teeter Paul W. Thompson Michael D. Toupalik Ralph L. Toupalik Jerry L. Towns James C. Troust Richard E. Uhl Richard H. White Clyde Williams D. Warren Williams Lester F. Wise Lawrence E. Woodhams Charles Woodward Leslie Woodward Kenneth Worden Robert G. Yingling Norman L. Youtsey ih an bit J. Warren Adair Fredrick Anderson Mark S. Andrews Charles R. Bacon Walton K. Balcom Carroll L. Barnes Ronald D. Beld ROTARY elk 1976 COLDWATER �A Mite with Rotary 1976 ROTARY to oe og PNRM MINSTREL Rens bi y wig ese wa ee yw ine Se eg wip WS Cee es rN as eG che ins ETS ee | 6 a a ea er i ee ee 2 ick i es ee ee ee a ce eee Bi CHANGE ke 0.66 PROGRAM & ADVERTISING... ee Duke Davidson nes ee Norm Moore a oes ww ae nee oc was wc wee B.K. Pearce eee ee eS wee Ue Oe CIIPAAINIGS © ICe ee ee SHOW eee ome wo Mark Feller re er Duke Sward ee eset Fred Anderson Godfrey (Tom) Collins es Dale Brose Norm Youtsey ee ees Larry Carrico pieeteee & MAGE DURECTOR. :. i... 2.025 20sec iy a Oe FEE of gee Sk aw ean a oe Led bs Reba ee eRe ede aremnn gree ya ens ee cd pecs ee Kok cr rien Rew eee a ee i errr e iee ya Ga a Ree anne, ere Pare mPa eee weve ew eens ore Ee See Larry Donay re EK Ted ee i MEL ® Santford Jolley Hal Creal Ed Geishert Chuck Geishert Gil Patton ener Jirn Conrad ae Don Shorno ae Paul Ruse Howard Teeter ee Caer Les Wise Harold Goodhotr.; �DAVID A. NORTON’S NORTON AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED A FULL TIME PROFESSIONAL AUCTION CORPORATION AUCTIONEERS « LIQUIDATORS « APPRAISERS 418 FAIRFIELD PLAZA COLDWATER, MICHIGAN 49036 PH. 517-279-9063 OR MOBILE 517-368-558" SEAMAN OFFICE SUPPLY BRANCH CO. ABSTRACT The ROTALIERS look more like a Bunch of ROTOTILLERS to me... says DUKE! QUALITY SPRINGS PRODUCTS, INC. �ep sR a LEGG LUMBER FORD REALTY AMAX SPECIALTY If Norm Youtsey METALS CO. could spell ch ale AO even his own name he could sell more ads for the program R B & W POWDERED EVANS PRODUCTS INC. PRODUCTS COMPANY BALCOM BRANCH METAL COUNTY INSURANCE FEDERAL BRANCH SAVINGS CO. BANK K—MART AND LOAN �DEAN Compliments of INSURANCE AGENCY, DEAN REALTY GAMBLE-SKOGMO INC. WAREHOUSE No wonder all Rotary Members have to stand in “Columns” Duke Davidson is Directing the show like a Newspaper? CROTTY CORP. Quincy, Michigan ESSEX INTERNATIONAL METAL PRODUCTS INC. �J.B. BRANCH & COMPANY COLDWATER OPTICAL CO. HILL PISTON CO., INC. How can Howard Teeter and Don Shorno direct people to their seats while Holding PHILLIPS METAL BUNDY MIDWEST CO. TUBING FOUNDRY LAKE ERIE DOOR Put your Name Here___ Now give Dale Brose $25.00 for this advertising space ASSOCIATED TRUCK LINES �itis is dtc pen aM ht eee ate ro 2 eee aadsonne | ae sonal nen Raia Sy ARE EBM Oe setae PAO SES tO ORI a A roy Ppctwasen FIRST NATIONAL Come BANK OF SOUTH CENTRAL MICHIGAN on Fellas, here is another unsold Ad Space - a Biggy Too! ALLIANCE & ASSOCIATES PATTERSON COMPANY PRINTERS COLDWATER DAILY REPORTER �Compliments of STEFFEY-YOUTSEY 279-7902 REALTY WICK HOMES The Way Paul Ruse had everybody beleiving all the tickets were sold I’m surprised that anybody bought one because it was too Late! ELKS SOMICO SUPPLY COLDWATER SOUTHERN MICHIGAN INC. OPTICAL NATIONAL BANK TRI—-STATE BROADCASTING WTVB — WANG FM COLDWATER, MICH. Compliments BRANCH COUNTY RAY CLERK EHL 105 LOUNGE OPEN 7 DAY—TILL SERVING 2:00 A.M. FOOD TILL—1:00 A.M. �A Wite with Rotary First Half Opening Mediey ..... oc. ROMINISCING . ow fic cine. oad Sere oe ewe cpeee abe ee ee ee eee soe ee Entire Chorus Endmen & Chorus Way Down Yonder In New Orleans...............0e0 5 eee eee Jerry Towns Swing LOW. You-Made «oe 5 6s 0 ose eee cee Moe: Love You... ft Believes... eee eee oo sc 60 35k beeen keen ute ho os cies: See ve Ma.and My Shadow. wile aie 2.0.0. 0 sos sac veo oe ee eee ee Entire Chorus eee Sherwood ee eee oe Craig Entire Chorus Keath Pearce Ralph Toupalik Lucky Old San. oa... se eee ce Those Were the Days. ... 2.55 245.53 Endmen ee 3s ee ee ee ey ee ee John Milnes Entire Chorus (In order of appearance): Don Stine, Bill Bobier, Norm Youtsey as ie a Bob Nagle, Clyde Williams, Hal Sexton, Dick Hurska, Dick Moore. tF ie �A Mite with Rotary Second Half eID on hE kta be INE ee Be cs ww ENN sk hn ck wwe Rw SN I lees ole ayed as we 2a gs ek hh eee I be ss Entire Chorus i eb a ade eho Rawk es Dick White ek oe ea Soke nb U hk oy oe ee pA kos Ne aay hale add 6 8 oe bdo wee en I ENON le BY WENOWNS SHNIY a ROTALIERS: ah 2 Entire Chorus ea Entire Chorus Wade eke bas Rotaliers 8 Tom a eed wo 6 a be Oe Oe te hee 0 es Normandin Entire Chorus ete dew ne neus John Carroll Barnes, Ralph Holben e's le ete Norm Moore ee ee kd wp.dine RE a Richard Dean Entire Chorus LaGro, John Dygert Charles Geishert, Dick Hruska, James Koss Pat Leonard, Larry Donay, Dick Uhl, Howard Taylor, Larry Woodhams, Darrel Goble fiilaasinany DANCERS: Bob Seaman, Paul Thompson, Ernie Luse, John Klein 10 �RIVERSIDE MANUFACTURING JOHN G. YERINGTON J. C. PENNY WESTERN CONTRACTORS CO. RUBBER BORG—WARNER WHITE SUPPLY CO. If DON STINE is an Endman just think what a Hippo could do in the show. AIR-FLITE INC. McDONALDS DALLY TIRE �DOUGLAS DIVISION SCOTT AND FETZER COMPANY FOUNDERIES MATERIALS COMPANY ECKRICH & SONS ata Where were you Scot Painter we needed you most? when CULY'S JEWELRY 7 ALBRIGHT GENERAL ELECTRIC 8 «STORE BARR CO. ie COLDWATER CONCRETE PRODUCTS, INC. �HAROLD : WINEMILLER, INC, GOODHOLM HONEYWELL REALTY R.D. JONES EXPORT MIX—GENERAL BURGER JIM MORRISON PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE AGENCY, INC. CHEF BIG D VARIETY Supports Coldwater’s Activities Jonesville, Mich. NARROW’S TAVERN You Made me love you with a Love Potion from a local Pharmacy. LUEDDER’S SHOE STORE L &S PRODUCTS BRANCH ARLO MUSSER & SON REMODELING CREDIT BUREAU MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS INC. REYBURN’S CLOTHING — STANDARD COUNTY aaadaniiiittiee ita tied om = iia oy The Visual Communications Class of the B.A.C.C. is the best in the World! CARRIAGE SOUTHERN INN MICHIGAN ARNOLD i S AUTO PARTS SHOPPER’S GUIDE GROCERS CO. LITTLE KING MOTEL CRAIG PHARMACY WILLIAM’S APOTHECARY Who stole Ernie Luse’s Ballet Slippers? BIG BOY aie TAYLOR’S STATIONERS WOOD'S SAFETY SERVICES - . �REAL ESTATE & INSURANCE WHEEL TOMSON ESTATE AGENCY MOBILE HOMES INSURANCE Jerry Tomson, Agent PUTNAM PATTERN & MACHINE CO. DUTCH ASHDOWN CHRYSLER-PL YMOUTH 2 COACH LITE MOTOR LODGE If Norm Moore will shave his moustache Norm Youtsey will defuzz too! MARSH’S MARKET Seti seas i eat Sea SPURLOCK STEAMWAY CARPET CLEANING 40 Cynthia Dr. 278-8669 PREMIER BURHAM REALTY SUPPLY & NORMAN LERAN COPPER LARSEN METAL & BRASS LEASING, INC. BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES 14 �SUNSHINE TOURS DIAMOND SPORTS SUPPLY 145 So. MONROE TEETER MIX BOTTLING DAVIS MARINE BEATY‘S SPORT CENTER NORTH END OF COLDWATER LAKE RT. 3 COLDWATER, MICH. 49036 COLDWATER ONE HOUR Next year if this space is unsold, Dale Brose INC. WICKES LUMBER CONRAD R OT — ARY entertainment INSURANCE That spells the hard way! MARTINIZING BIG D VARIETY will pay for it himself....... Right Norm? FORD SERVICE Have you thought about selling Ad space to farmers Dale? Can’t they use ROTOTILLERS? SKABO COMPANY LARSEN LANES Scot Painter,Jo Weigand, Dan Steffey, Ray Gallop, Dennis Hooley COMPANY FABRIC SHOP MAX GAS UTILITIES Debbie Roberts, Dennis Goheen, INSURANCE FREDERICK’S MATERIALS COCA-COLA MICHIGAN MIDWAY RAY T.V. CERTIFIED TRANSIT HOWARD FURNITURE Another Sayurday Night eh Rich? Better stay home next time! DOG & SUDS DON WILBUR’S PUTNAM FUNERAL W. K. WATERBURY DOEREN, MAYHEW, HOME SAND AND GRAVEL GROB & McNAMARA RALPH TOUPALIK INC. �MARION BROTHERS KAISER UNION ‘76 ELECTRIC L. A, DARLING DISPLAYS DIVISION of the Marmon Group How can a bunch of old has beens do so well with the new kind of music? OTTO & SONS, INC. HENDERSON REALTY RANDLE OIL — 153 Division St. �MARTIN LAURIMORE - PHOTOGRAPHER 75 East Chicago St. SHAW SHOE STORE Compliments — PHILLIPS STEEL CO. KIESS JEWELRY What am I bid for this space? DAVENPORT EXCAVATING DOBSON WOODWARD’'S SPECIALTY SHOP COREY’S MEN’S WEAR If Kieth Pierce would spell his name like everybody else we would have little trouble with the program. STUDIOS Wood’s Lumber & Hardware : is for sale CHEAP! Lad&Lassie Shop Donner Realty & Abstract Alanizs AND GRADING INS. COLONIAL This space CARROLL’S SHOES Houser’s Service Bill’s Too ao * (hacks Jo Annes Beauty Salon ae. Walter's CLARK Super 100 Services: Petrosoff Printers Ted’‘s Panel Omar’s Bar Crow Welding Laundromat ; & Local Finance The Carousel Hadley Implement A.A.A. Gittleman’s Chicago Wearhouse McKinley‘s 1876 House Master’s Water Conditioning Ferris Industries Norm Faulkner Florist Tri-City Sign Coast-to-Coast Hardware Harris Heating Mc Millan Plumbing & Heating McLaughlin’s Bakery Gracie O’ Shanahan‘s Bee Hive Shoe Store ' Bill's Market 479 Marshall ; �| j 3 Dean Farm Realty Sweeney Buick—Pontiac Baggerly—Dutch “pha aaa Funeral Home Coldwater Swift Agriculture Center Johnson Chevrolet Schlubatis Orchard General Telephone Geishert Truck Stop & R.V. Rental Houser’s Service United Farm Realty Pit Stop Lounge Thompson Construction Short & Son Knapp Pools Gaglio Ford Tractor Coldwater Cablevision Inc. King Electric L&M News Stand Lyon’s Pharmacy Jer Dees Aquarium & Pet Shop Gamby Candy Co. Bill’s Market 479 Marshall H&S Supply Inc. Sherwin—Williams Reese Automotive Fleet Farm Supply Rubley—Detroit News Jay’s Olds—Cadillac Warner Oil Company B&K Root Beer Big Don Auto Parts Wolverine Paint and Wallpaper Farm Bureau Services Swick T.V. 88 West Chicago Ateisatas Railroad St. Hauffman Haus Rd. Alamo Realt Yy �The Tibbits Theatre and the many Community Projects supported by Rotary thank you for your support of this Rotary Program The Coldwater Rotary Club wishes to thank the firms sponsoring this program with their advertisements which help to support these worthwhile projects . Thanks to the B.P.O. Elks No. 1023 for the use of their facilities. Thanks also to Mary Val’s School of the Dance and Estel Voss for her prelude Music. Thanks to the Coldwater Country Club too. A MIGHTY THANKS TO YOU, OUR AUDIENCE, FOR YOUR SUPPORT GOODNITE! PROGRAMS WERE DESIGNED AND PRINTED BY THE VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS CLASS of the BRANCH AREA CAREERS CENTER � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater Noon Club Subject The topic of the resource Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource This collection holds programs and newsletter from the Coldwater Rotary Club, which then became the Coldwater Noon Club in 2021. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) 1921- 2021 Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) 2021- present Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission by the Coldwater Rotary Noon Club Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Branch County (Mich.) Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" Covers: Black ink on yellow paper Interior pages: Black ink on brown or yellow or cream paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Nite with Rotary Presented by the Coldwater Rotary Minstrels Subject The topic of the resource Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Program for the 1976 show, presented by the Coldwater Rotary Club. This program includes advertisers, line up for the production, and more! Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 26-28, 1976 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission by the Coldwater Noon Club Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Branch County (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Provenance Physical items were lent to Branch District Library, for digital preservation. Temporal Coverage February 1976 Tibbits Opera House https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/32d9edbee22c4d22a08b27f1cc027bad.pdf 92639148181e68a4911f66f2dfb57431 PDF Text Text CRE BLWANLS GaUD Ur GULbWALEE Setar ena an LY3DF Wishes to ¢. SS @ sincere®thank-you@for your fine sia Travel and Adventure Series, and other Kinesis activi Bee pa Ea following : —-* of os the » information will acquaint you with some of our Sommrtty = jects: _—_— the Col@water High ‘School Key Club. = eae contributor to the Student Loan Fund ov Purchased and distributed a considerable amount =e ieee V,(ae 1p of Vocaticnal L equipment for use of handicapped ehildren oottattyver i a Boys? State and Girl: s'y State se ‘Spen /Y Sent rectee’é oteeiier seas ague Basebell Team dre : ; Ree to lecal Boy seout | qT nn 7 : : many corti boys and _— for one ‘s recrea to ¥.M.C.A. Purchased two Television sets Community Hospital for Pediatric V/purchased a Television set for T.0.P. House VGentributed : < = Kimball _ Section at substantially to Kiwanis-sponsored | lére: Hespital wards in Ann Arbor, also to the Mary a y= ee ital in Grend Rapids, available to needy ’ center —— children Y Provided repairs end re-condi tionding of hearing sids for a a vo Purchosed. a large beaded ¢1 =e SE 2 4 House, ‘Theatre a projection sereen for Tibbits and previé : fi om teams to help refurbish © a Be the first Fourth of July Pageant with fine fireworks — Display, at the Fair Grounds, complete with “LLttle Miss” _Firectecker" Contest 41]Participation in Feru-City progrg-ms and Se ee a e ge . Michigan Week achiviti me Seis a il aaa ee � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Special Thank You for Support of the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A special thank you to a list of sponsors who helped the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Branch County (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/dc9729d9f5aa5da870d6868da227011e.pdf 0f45b549ab447037700deb60e6033d72 PDF Text Text eV ANE ofa SHOW! “POTPOURRI ‘71" Presented by the ROTARY COLDWATER MINSTRELS May 27, at the TIBBITS 28, 29 OPERA HOUSE �Duane Davidson John Dean John Dygert Jim Endicott Albert Faller Ray Fox Bill Fuerstenau Charles Geishert Jack Gift Harold Gobddholm Reo Goodwin Richard Hruska Santford Jolley John Kennedy Robert Kerr John Klein — re Fred Anderson Mark Andrews Charles Bacon Carroll Barnes Dick Biringer William Bobier Seton Bovee Charles Bristol Godfrey Collis Sherwood Craig Harold Creal Fred Culy Ed Davey Olin Dally Ed De Vito Dalton Davis �—or x aN COLDWATER ROTARY CLUB 1971 MEMBERS Vincent James Kornstein Koss Clemens Kromer Bernard Laney Ken Leavenworth Robert Loose Lester Ernest Luce Luse James Lyon Robert Man Dennis Mc Cafferty Milford McKeith Harold McKnight Normand Moore Richard Moore Russell Ray Moore Mulchahey Robert Nagle Fred Neer Tom Normandin Norman Olmsted Leslie Olney Axner Olson Roy Patterson Keath Pearce George Pierce John Pierson Kenneth Putnam Mel Rice Robert Rumsey Gordon Schlubatis Hal Sexton Noel Shedd Donald Shorno Conrad Swart Fred Tartaglia Howard Teeter Paul Thompson William Timm Ralph Toupalik Al Tyler Warner Van Aken John Walker Fred Weeks Clyde Williams Warren Williams Lester Wise Charles Woodward Leslie Woodward Kenneth Worden Robert Yingling �GENERAL CLUB ROTARY COLDWATER 1971 ------------------» CO-CHAIRMEN ----- B, K, PEARCE _------------ DIRECTOR ORGANIST - ACCOMPANIST DRUMMER -- nomenon Chorus Attendance Tickets ------- (en ~------------------------------ —-------------------222a enna nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn ---------------------------------- aa =a= Ushering ----- nana William === = - 8 = $$ === = nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn n= nnn nnn nnn === Publicity ------------------------------------------------- Mekeuy ——— FOUR == ------------------ Seton Bovee ee Debonnaires John Pierson & Fred Cul) cc John Klein, Woody fom Craig, Ed Davey, rt re John Dean, are Ernie Luse, Clem Kromer (Girls) John Dygert, Bill Fuerstenau, ROTARY GENEROUS PERSONNEL THE MUSIC MART As Norm Moore Esther Blansit, Lois Bristul, Mary Jane Darrow, Nancy Forrister, Susann Himebaugh, Patsy Holben, Charles Geishert, Norm Moore, Normandin and Clyde Williams COLDWATER BF.OE. AND ce eee -==--2----- eee BO LADELINES ~ 2+ DA John Dean Dennis McCafferty & Bill Timm GERALDINE THE ~~---------=---- ------------------------------------2+----299-22 on nnn nnn nnn EOnn (Boys) Timm --- Ray Mulchahey & Ken Leavenworth -------=-------- Script Slape Masapers SEXY Godfrey Collins Santford Jolley Properties --------------=-+-------—-----—--—- End Men Kromer Chuck Woodward & Dennis McCafferty nn anne wan a nnn Clem Yingling, Olin Dally & Hal Sexton Robert - DEAN DUKE DAVIDSON ----------------- Program & Advertising Costumes & JOHN ----=- --=------------------- JOHN MILNES nanan n n nnn nnn nnn TIM VOSS ee ass Stage COMMITTEES SHOW Barbara Klimmer, CLUB WISHES TO THANK THE FOLLOWING DONATIONS OF TIME AND MATERIAL «4-551 te sk FOR Tarr and Williams THEIR For courtesies and use of facilities a tmntee ea orncioonycaumeiceetpnacae ag aaa Kathy “Willie” For use of Yamaha Organ -------- Lighting and technical assistance �Coldwater Rotary Club Appreciates Sponsorship Of The Following Firms To Promote Worthwhile BRANCH COUNTY BANK BRANCH COUNTY FEDERAL SAVINGS & LOAN CLIMAX MOLYBDENUM CO. COLDWATER BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES ESSEX INTERNATIONAL INC. - Metal Products FEDERAL-MOGUL CORP. DISTRIBUTION DIVISION FIRST NATIONAL BANK of South Central Michigan SOUTHERN MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK Projects �Appreciates Sponsorship Of COLDWATER BIG BOY CADILLAC The Following DAILY To Promote W orthwhile Projects REPORTER RESTAURANT COMPANY, COLDWATER BRASS COLDWATER ELECTRICAL CADET Firms MOTOR DEAN-TIMM INSURANCE INC. - IDEAL PUMP SERVICE INN INC. DOUGLAS DIVISION SCOTT & FETZER CO. ) pate Rotary Club Within Coldwater �Coldwater Rotary Club appreciates Sponsorship Uf The Following Firms To Promote Worthwhile Projects GAMBLE-SKOGMO MIDWEST QUALITY SPRING WAREHOUSE FOUNDRY PRODUCTS INC. RELIABLE HILL PISTON SERVICE CO., SLING-SHOT INC. For Benefit TIBBITS KROGER EGG PLANT SERVICE LITTLE of THEATER LEAGUE FIELD and HIGH WTVB-WANG FM SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIP �Coldwater Rotary Club Appreciates Sponsorship Of The Following Firms To Promote OTTO & SONS, INC. WORDEN DALLY COLDWATER WOLF’S FLOOR Co. RECREATION M. T. SHAW, TRUCK LINES, JACK REID & FRED NEER PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE BROS. TIRE ASSOCIATED Worthwhile Projects INC. COVERING STANDARD OIL DIV., AMERICAN OIL Co.., FARM CENTER WOOD'S SAFETY SERVICE PETROSOFF PRINTERS LAKE DOOR CARROLL'S SHOE STORE ERIE Co. INC. �- Coldwater Rotary Club Appreciates Worthwhile Projects wt Sponsorship Of The Following Firms To Promote MIX-GENERAL KERR AGENCY, INC. HARDWARE POMFRET’S W. K. WATERBURY SAND & GRAVEL FELPAUSCH LEGG COLDWATER OPTICAL GLASS SERVICE UTHERNERN M MICHIGAN GROCER CO ; SOUTH FOOD CENTER DEL SEAT BUILDER LUMBER CO. REYBURN’S BUNDY TUBING Tibbits Theatre and Coldwater CO. KIESS JEWELRY Little League thank you for your support of this Rotary Club Program. �“POTPOURRI ’71” Overture PROGRAM wanna nn nnn cence nnn Chorus GEORGIA SUNSHINI eee —. Woody Craig DEAR HEARTS wa nn a Fred Tartaglia DON’T IT MAKE YOU WANNA GO HOME SIXTEEN TONS --- WORRIED MAN --------- ---------------------- ---------------------------"-=------==-----------—- Chorus “ ener FE 2 es tat eons er kt lm a eee ap a pe Robert Man | Charles Geishert J hn Dygeri ot MARIA i eee — Se WALK RIGHT IN wniesnla lbp lta tana ea Chorus phonemes: EVERYTHING IS BEAUTIFUL ------- �“POTPOURRI ‘71” ANNOUNCEMENTS ORGAN MUSIC BY CAROLE INTERMISSION DEARIE DO HAPPY WANDERER NO YOU Asa - WATCHIN ROSE een na ~~ - : SCOTTY GROW GARDEN 15 MINUTES REMEMBER - NO PEOPLE ¢ - - ------ - AVERY - -- -- -~---- Ss5e55Se555snaS BUNCH CLOSING = OF See pene Sg a -- Dick Hruska Four Bill Fuerstenau : ----- ~------------------ Rotadelines Sea er Endmen Sexy - : 7 Plus - : COCONUTS Chorus -------------------------- TURN AROUND LOVERLY - — are 70 tfie Chorus Dick Moore castes ---- Chorus �BUREAU DONNER BRANCH REALTY MIDWAY GAMBY OF & ABSTRACT LANES CANDY CO. R & A HARDWARE MICHIGAN GAS Following Firms To UTILITIES Promote AUTO ELECTRIC McCANN FARM EQUIPMENT RALPH TOUPALIK J. PENNEY C. CROW REAL ESTATE LANEY REALTY DEAN DAVENPORT Projects INC. CO. ORCHARDS WELDING V. D.-_NORMAN FARM Worthwhile CORSON’S SCHLUBATIS ANONYMOUS DEAN COUNTY Of The SHEET METAL REALTY EXCAVATING & GRADING ma GARRY SERVICE Sponsorship LE RAN COPPER & BRASS COLDWATER CABLEVISION, INC. cts FARM Rotary Club Appreciates Ee 8 Coldwater �Coldwater Rotary Club Appreciates Sponsorship DICK JOHNSON CHEVROLET | HARRIS HEATING J. B. BRANCH COUILLARD’S BOOK STORE BUILDING MATERIALS INSURANCE Following Firms To Promote Worthwhile TOMSON AGENCY INSURANCE CO. G. C. MURPHY & CO. WOODWARD SPECIALTY SHOP BALCOM The THE SKABO SHERWIN WILLIAMS PAINT WOODWARD Of SERVICE SHOPPERS GUIDE PARKSIDE PHARMACY FOUR SEASONS SPORT CENTER SOUTH MAX SIDE WELDING LARSEN FORD SALES AUTO PARTS ’ CARDINAL CHEMICAL & SUPPLY CO. COACH LITE MOTOR LODGE ARNOLD R. D. JONES EXPORT Projects �Coldwater Rotary Club appreciates Sponsorship Of The Following Firms To Promote Worthwhile Projects DAVIS CO., COLDWATER PUTNAM PATTERN THOMPSON ECONOMY PHILLIPS SERVICE & MACHINE CONSTRUCTION L & SUPERIOR INC. CO. CO. S PRODUCTS READY MIX BEATY’S SPORT QUEEN JANES NORTH END WILLIAMS ASHDOWN CENTER CHARTER BIG TRIPS LAND APOTHECARY DON’S FILL INC. BOTTLING CO. AGENCY FLOWERS CHRYSLER TOM’S CO. CO., INSURANCE FALKENSTEIN & EXCAVATING SANITARY METAL COCA-COLA CONRAD LUMBER INC. - PLYMOUTH GARAGE APPOINTMENT BARBER KNOWLES AUTO CUTCHER’S SUPPLY PARTS Co. SHOP �Coldwater Rotary Club Appreciates THE NARROWS Sponsorship Of Gordon SEYBERT’S Followimg Firms GRACIE Promote TOURS SALES FORD W orthwhile Project TRACTOR EAGLE PRINTING COMPANY, INC. Schiubatis IMPLEMENT To GAGLIO FERRIS INDUSTRIES OVERSEAS The & SERVICE O’SHANAHAN’S STANDARD LYON PHARMACY FORD REALTY MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS INC. | WILBUR’S FURNITURE J. & B. DISCOUNT DOG & SUDS Frank Ernst SHAW SHOE KAISER Jim STORE ELECTRIC White STORE GOLDEN RULE SHOP COLDWATER RENDERING SOUTH SIDE GULF DON WRIGHT A ROTARIAN �Rotary Club Appreciates Sponsorship Of The Following Firms To Promote BRANCH COUNTY G POWDERED G AVIATION INC. METAL PRODUCTS, INC. a et ae RB & W & W orthwhile Projects ZALES JEWELRY MACKS BODY HUDSON’S TEXACO NICHOLS ACCOUNTING BRANCH SHOP COUNTY & P FOOD CLEANER CRAIG PHARMACY GENERAL CUSTARD KENNY BUREAU FURNERAL HOME FIRESTONE HARRY’S ELECTRIC STORE INSURANCE WARNER'S CAL'S CREDIT STORE 2 HOUR ALBRIGHT’S TAX SERVICE OIL CO. BAGGERLY A AND GULF REALTY STATION STORE VELVET LYTLE STANDARD CREAM MEATS TRI-CITY JOHNSON’S ICE SIGNS TOP & TRIM OIL CO. - BULK PLANT Se Reedatitia. Coldwater �Coldwater Rotary Club Appreciates Sponsorship Of The Following Firms To Promote SWEENY BUICK MARION BROTHERS UNION NORM FAULKNER FLORIST ERNIE OF DAVIS MARINE LUSE ACCOUNTANT FABRICS INC. ELMER AND DAN Dependable Insurance HOLBROOK SWIFT WOOD CULY’S RUMSEY BEEHIVE QUALITY PASTRIES MART PRINTERS FARM SEARS FLEET STORE COVERING METAL FAIRFIELD PLAZA STORE MONTGOMERY WARD SoMiCo INC. CORLESS SUPPLY DRIVE-IN CLEANERS PLAZA MARATHON G.A.C. FINANCE SWARTS MARKET SHORT & SON, COREY'S BEST INC. MENS WEAR SEAMEN OFFICE SUPPLIES OSBORN PHOTO SERVICE H & H CLEANERS REALTY SHOE STORE FLOOR PHILLIPS CLEANERS McLAUGHLIN’S PATTERSON LODGE CENTER JEWELRY MUSIC '76 PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL COLDWATER HAROLD GOODHOLM Advertising Specialties - Calendars & PONTIAC HOUSE Worthwhile JO ANNE'S DON BEAUTY RAY TV SHOP Projects ��Good Night, Folks. Thank you for coming. �AGLE RINTING cc INC. COLD’ WAT WAT EI � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater Noon Club Subject The topic of the resource Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource This collection holds programs and newsletter from the Coldwater Rotary Club, which then became the Coldwater Noon Club in 2021. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) 1921- 2021 Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) 2021- present Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission by the Coldwater Rotary Noon Club Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Branch County (Mich.) Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" Covers: Blue ink on white card-stock paper Interior pages: Blue ink on white card-stock paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource a Whale of a Show! "Potpourri '71" Presented by the Coldwater Rotary Minstrels Subject The topic of the resource Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Program for the 1971 show, presented by the Coldwater Rotary Club. This program includes advertisers, line up for the production, and more! Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Rotary Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 27-29, 1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission by the Coldwater Noon Club Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Branch County (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder Coldwater Noon Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Provenance Physical items were lent to Branch District Library, for digital preservation. Temporal Coverage May 1971 Tibbits Opera House https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/8569a9b75438c43d98af302707e818f6.jpg d763209342740758e3c41f0047c0c997 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/00c839114fb4b5d6f9bd3c3f1c86957e.png 28a3fa9bf53306719032c4f1a74ca67f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union City Veteran's Park Memorial Wall Description An account of the resource <div style="float: right; margin: 10px 0 0 5px;"><img style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; margin: -6px 6px 6px -6px; padding: 4px;" src="/images/union_city_veterans_wall_montage.jpg" alt="Veterans Wall Montage" /></div> <p>This collection is an index of the names on the Veteran's Memorial Wall in <a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=union+city+michigan&amp;ll=42.066054,-85.134321&amp;spn=0.002419,0.002342&amp;hnear=Union+City,+Branch,+Michigan&amp;t=h&amp;z=19&amp;layer=c&amp;cbll=42.066054,-85.134321&amp;panoid=cFstMhOCXrt8iGlGET_EPQ&amp;cbp=12,48.29,,0,-2.06">Union City, Michigan</a>. Biographical information and photographs will be presented when they are available.</p> <p>Each veteran's name is associated with a location number, representing the position on the Memorial Wall where the name may be found. The number is comprised of the following parts:</p> <ul> <li>F = FRONT - Front side of the wall is facing the bridge.</li> <li>B = BACK - Back side of the wall is facing the flag.</li> <li>C = CENTER - Larger column of names are in the middle of the wall.</li> <li>R = RIGHT SIDE - All names to the right side of center column.</li> <li>L = LEFT SIDE - All columns of names to the left side of center column.</li> </ul> <img src="/images/union_city_veterans_wall_key.png" alt="Veteran's Wall Key" /> <p>For example, Thomas Madden's Veteran's location number is <strong>BR-7-16</strong>. His name is on the back of the wall, right side of the center column, in the 7th column, and the 16th name from the top. <br /> (<strong>B</strong>ack <strong>R</strong>ight - column <strong>7</strong> - <strong>16</strong>th from top) - <strong>BR - 7 - 16</strong></p> <p>For example, John R Lake's Veteran's location number is <strong>FL-4-08</strong>. His name is on the front of the wall, left side of the center column, in the 4th column, and the 8th name from the top.<br /> (<strong>F</strong>ront <strong>L</strong>eft - column <strong>4</strong> - <strong>8</strong>th from top): <strong>FL - 4 - 8</strong></p> <p>The Veteran's Wall is made by the American Legion Post #196. This Veteran's Wall index was made by Kathyleen Madden and presented by the Branch District Library.</p> <p>If you have a question or wish to add information to this index, please write to us via the "<a href="https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/contact_us">Contact Us</a>" link on any page, or:</p> <dl><dd>American Legion Post #196</dd><dd>Attention: Bob Miller</dd><dd>P.O. Box 131</dd><dd>Union City, MI 49094-0131</dd></dl> <p>-or-</p> <dl><dd>Kathyleen Madden</dd><dd>3467 9 1/2 Mile Road</dd><dd>Burlington, MI 49029-8736</dd></dl> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kathyleen Madden Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Veteran's Memorial Wall of Union City Last Name Adams First Name Dale Middle Name F. Lcation Number number for each Veteran on the wall BL-5-04 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adams, Dale F. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/272298d49b0ffec8e95ab4d422900239.jpg b5415ef909d7e70175b99aa179da7740 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/febfd6f782dbe37a27a6ca599868b5a8.png aec0b41c3bac3ac9eddb0bd61002fb6c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union City Veteran's Park Memorial Wall Description An account of the resource <div style="float: right; margin: 10px 0 0 5px;"><img style="background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; margin: -6px 6px 6px -6px; padding: 4px;" src="/images/union_city_veterans_wall_montage.jpg" alt="Veterans Wall Montage" /></div> <p>This collection is an index of the names on the Veteran's Memorial Wall in <a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=union+city+michigan&amp;ll=42.066054,-85.134321&amp;spn=0.002419,0.002342&amp;hnear=Union+City,+Branch,+Michigan&amp;t=h&amp;z=19&amp;layer=c&amp;cbll=42.066054,-85.134321&amp;panoid=cFstMhOCXrt8iGlGET_EPQ&amp;cbp=12,48.29,,0,-2.06">Union City, Michigan</a>. Biographical information and photographs will be presented when they are available.</p> <p>Each veteran's name is associated with a location number, representing the position on the Memorial Wall where the name may be found. The number is comprised of the following parts:</p> <ul> <li>F = FRONT - Front side of the wall is facing the bridge.</li> <li>B = BACK - Back side of the wall is facing the flag.</li> <li>C = CENTER - Larger column of names are in the middle of the wall.</li> <li>R = RIGHT SIDE - All names to the right side of center column.</li> <li>L = LEFT SIDE - All columns of names to the left side of center column.</li> </ul> <img src="/images/union_city_veterans_wall_key.png" alt="Veteran's Wall Key" /> <p>For example, Thomas Madden's Veteran's location number is <strong>BR-7-16</strong>. His name is on the back of the wall, right side of the center column, in the 7th column, and the 16th name from the top. <br /> (<strong>B</strong>ack <strong>R</strong>ight - column <strong>7</strong> - <strong>16</strong>th from top) - <strong>BR - 7 - 16</strong></p> <p>For example, John R Lake's Veteran's location number is <strong>FL-4-08</strong>. His name is on the front of the wall, left side of the center column, in the 4th column, and the 8th name from the top.<br /> (<strong>F</strong>ront <strong>L</strong>eft - column <strong>4</strong> - <strong>8</strong>th from top): <strong>FL - 4 - 8</strong></p> <p>The Veteran's Wall is made by the American Legion Post #196. This Veteran's Wall index was made by Kathyleen Madden and presented by the Branch District Library.</p> <p>If you have a question or wish to add information to this index, please write to us via the "<a href="https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/contact_us">Contact Us</a>" link on any page, or:</p> <dl><dd>American Legion Post #196</dd><dd>Attention: Bob Miller</dd><dd>P.O. Box 131</dd><dd>Union City, MI 49094-0131</dd></dl> <p>-or-</p> <dl><dd>Kathyleen Madden</dd><dd>3467 9 1/2 Mile Road</dd><dd>Burlington, MI 49029-8736</dd></dl> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kathyleen Madden Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Veteran's Memorial Wall of Union City Last Name Adams First Name Darrel Lcation Number number for each Veteran on the wall BR-7-14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adams, Darrel