14 10 3980 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/5d80008dc4abc09fc2a219ef983fa86c.pdf 4290f86b8f9ca40dde5285204444a484 PDF Text Text May 5830 Dear Orchard Dearborn, 26, Blvd, Michigan, 1936. : Sir: At made.on sixteen our meeting tonight finel arrangements were our trip to Dearborn, There will be between and twenty members to come. arrive°ak before , We rf AboGes1 ages BPATRQE® BB UsSarbhe 0248 Fite that time. assure you thet we are very erateful and to your officers ond members for making possible, both for the seniors of Coldwater School and for ourselves. Very sincerely, Secretary to this High you trip � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to Glenn B. Purdham from George Kelsey Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Letter to Glenn B. Purdham from George C. Kelsey, finalizing their visit to Dearborn. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George C. Kelsey Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 26, 1936 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Dearborn (Mich.) 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Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/e05638c324adf4e1bf636de495413349.pdf 1b732901344e73676ccf7f5ff93e7639 PDF Text Text �MR For �Holbrook BRANCHry,-TrUCT 10 EAST : G O COLOWATE.k. ����A H I S TO RY O F T H E T I B B I T S OPERA HOUSE, 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 A dissertation submitted to the Kent S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Graduate C o l l e g e in partial fulfillment o f the for the degree o f Doctor o f Philosophy by Carolyn L. G i l l e s p i e June, 1975 �COLDWATERPUBLIC �MEN\ Dissertation written by Carolyn L. G i l l e s p i e B.A., Western Michigan University, 1970 M.A., Western Michigan U n i v e r s i t y, 1971 Ph.D., K e n t S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y, 1975 Approved b y (7 (L....(AChairman, D o c t o r a l D i s s e r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e 1„1.4Members, D o c t o r a l D i s s e r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e . D i r e c t o r , School o f Speech Dean, G r a d u a t e C o l l e g e i i ��ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish t o thank Miss P h y l l i s Holbrook, whose i n d e x to t h e C o l d w a t e r newspapers was a n i n v a l u a b l e a i d i n the location o f biographical information and terials. M y appreciation also goes t o Bob Branch, J r . and Jon H a r p e r who c o n t r i b u t e d t h e i r p h o t o g r a p h i c e x p e r t i s e . A special acknowledgment goes t o my a d v i s o r, D r. son, w h o was a l w a y s p r o m p t a n d i n t e r e s t e d . A n d cannot a d e q u a t e l y express my g r a t i t u d e and indebtedness t o my p a r e n t s , w h o h a v e s u p p o r t e d m y e i g h t y e a r s o f cation w i t h l o v i n g encouragement and c h e e r f u l g e n e r o s i t y. �CONTENT Chapter 1 I . INTRODUCTION Statement o f t h e problem 1 Justification o f the Definitions and limitations o f the study • • Evaluation o f previous research 6 Methodology 7 Organization 1 0 I I . B A R T O N S . T I B B I T S YEARS, 1 8 8 2 - 1 8 8 5 T h e a t r e a n d management Legitimate drama 3 Combination Plays R e p e r t o r y Companies U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s Visiting stars 4 Concerts 4 Related t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y Lecture and E l o c u t i o n i s t s Minstrels 4 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e Miscellaneous 4 Amateur p r o d u c t i o n s Synopsis 5 1 2 1 4 0 3 1 7 3 3 9 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 4 8 9 5 1 3 I I I . J O S E P H HENNING YEARS, J U L Y 1 8 8 5 -JUNE 1 8 9 4 T h e a t r e a n d management 5 Legitimate drama 6 Combination Plays 6 R e p e r t o r y Companies 7 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s Operas a n d O p e r e t t a s 7 Visiting stars . . . 7 Concerts 8 Related t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y Lectures 8 Minstrels 8 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e 8 Miscellaneous 9 Amataur p r o d u c t i o n s 9 Synopsis 9 iv • • 5 3 3 4 7 6 7 9 1 8 3 3 7 9 0 3 7 5 5 �Chapter I V. J O H N T . JACKSON YEARS, J U LY 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 0 4 9 9 Theatre a n d management 9 9 Legitimate drama 1 0 6 Combination Plays 1 0 7 Repertory Companies 1 1 4 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies 1 1 5 Opera a n d O p e r e t t a 1 1 6 Visiting stars 1 1 8 Concerts 1 2 0 Related t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y 1 2 2 Lectures 1 2 2 Minstrels 1 2 6 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e 1 2 7 Miscellaneous 1 2 8 Amateur p r o d u c t i o n s 1 3 1 Synopsis 1 3 3 V. S U M M A R Y A N D CONCLUSIONS 1 3 6 Summary Conclusions 136 14 14 Guide t o t h e Appendices Appendix A . T I B B I T S O P E R A H O U S E D AY B O O K 1 8 8 2 - 1 0 0 4 14 B . I N D E X T O T H E DAYBOOT; 94 Ta b l e Ta b l e Ta b l e Ta b l e C. A #1: #2: #3: #L:: I n d e x I n d e x I n d e x incide to t to t to t nce h e perfoImer.z 9 / 4 i he p l a y = 2 5 0 h e companies 2 6 2 o f entertainments . • • • 2 6 9 F U L L D E S C R I P T I O N O F T I B B I I S OPERA HOUSE • • • D . I I B B I T S O P E R A HOUSE D E D I C AT I O N A N D O T H E R PRESS ACCOUNTS O F S P E C I , t 1 , I N T E R E S T 2 8 F. I L L U S T R A T I C r i S B I - , LT- C ' R A P I T Y . . 2 2 9 9 0 8 2 7 0 1 �Chapter I INTRODUCTION Statement o f The p u r p o s e o f the problem this dissertation sional and amateur t h e a t r i c a l activity gan f r o m 1 8 8 2 t h r o u g h 1 9 0 4 . T h e is to in study focuses on b i t s Opera House w i t h s p e c i a l emphasis o n t h e t h e a t r e ' s as a c o m m u n i t y c u l t u r a l c e n t e r . the scope o f T h e role i n v e s t i g a t i o n summarizes a c t i v i t i e s housed i n t h e Opera House acterizes Coldwater's role a t r i c a l scene. I t i n the over-all mid- delineates the unique aspects o f the small town Opera House t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e T i b b i t s was m o r e than a m i n i a t u r e b i g c i t y theatre. Justification American t h e a t r i c a l in the l a s t two decades o f o f a c t i v i t y was e n j o y i n g a heyday the nineteenth c e n t u r y. studies have deta:aed the h i s t o r y ing this period. T h e r e professional theatrical M a n y o f t h e New Yo r k a l s o a r e numerous examinations o f activity in the larger out t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , J o h n M. C a l l a h a n ' s " A H i s t o r y of the Second O l y m p i c T h e a t r e o f S a i n t L o u i s , M i s s o u r i , 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 1 6 " b e i n g one f.:f t h e m o s t r e c e n t . H o w e v e r , 1 l i t t l e literature A �2 has b e e n d e v o t e d t o t h e p a r a l l e l upsurge i n i t y i n communities w i t h less t h a n 10,000 a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y i n Marshall, Mason and Adrian Michigan Opera Houses h a s b e e n examined i n D o n a l d S h a n o w e r ' s sertation, " A Comparative and Descriptive Study o f Three Opera Houses i n S o u t h e r n M i c h i g a n , 1 8 8 0 - 1 9 0 0 . " I n shall G. Cassady wrote a dissertation d e t a i l i n g "The H i s t o r y of Professional Theatre i n Salem, Ohio, 1847-1894." This s t u d y w i l l be s i m i l a r t o t h e Cassady over d i s s e r t a t i o n s i n t h a t i t w i l l provide an in- amination o f a small town theatre i n the l a s t two decades of t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y. H o w e v e r, b o t h professional and amateur t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t y w i l l be examined. A l s o , tion o f each chapter w i l l d e t a i l non- t h e a t r i c a l a c t i v i t i e s housed i n t h e O p e r a House. I n t h e f e w s t u d i e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n made o n s m a l l town t h e a t r e s t h e r e h a s b e e n a t e n d e n c y t o s e e t h e m o r e r u r a l communities a s a " l i t t l e New Yo r k . " T h u s , t h e r e s e a r c h e r s have c o n f i n e d t h e i r e x a m i n a t i o n s m o s t l y t o atre. T h i s assumes t h a t t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y s m a l l t o w n t h e a t r e functioned l i k e 1 9 t h century c i t y theatres which e x i s t mainly to house l i v e s t a g e p r o d u c t i o n s . I n truth, profess! a t r e was o n l y one o f many e n t e r t a i n m e n t s housed i n t h e s m a l l town O p e r a H o u s e . W h i l e t h e m e a s u r i n g s t i c k o f s u c c e s s f o r a New Yo r k t h e a t r e m i g h t b e t h e number o f shows p e r y e a r o r �3 the c a l i b r e o f stars appearing on i t s stage, the longevity o f a s m a l l t o w n t h e a t r e seems more r e l a t e d t o adapt t o a multiplicity i t s a b i l i t y to o f community needs. T h u s , water Opera House o u t l a s t e d many o t h e r t h e a t r e s duced more p r o f e s s i o n a l dramas b y a h i g h e r c a l i b r e former. The a s s u m p t i o n b y many r e s e a r c h e r s t h a t N e w views o r inclusion i n Odell's Annals o f t h e New Yo r k S t a g f c o n s t i t u t e s s t a r d o m a l s o seems t o i m p o s e a New Yo r k s t a n d a r d on a s m a l l t o w n . T h e r e i s an assumption t h a t local reviewers are i g n o r a n t f e l l o w s who d o n ' t k n o w g o o d f r o m b a d a n y w a y. This viewpoint w i l l never unearth the 19th century dramatic c r i t i c i s m w h i c h s e r v e d a t l e a s t 90% o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s population.- Because o f t e l e v i s i o n and the r a p i d t i o n w h i c h i s c a u s i n g o u r w o r l d t o g r o w s m a l l e r we a r e much more l i k e l y today to be influenced were s m a l l t o w n d w e l l e r s i n b y a New Yo r k t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y. wonder t h a t l o c a l r e v i e w e r s d i d n ' t I t ' s l i t t l e kick up their heels over a production by Jessie Bonstelle o r Rosella Knott. W h i l e these p e r f o r m e r s w e r e p o p u l a r w i t h New Yo r k a u d i e n c e s s e v e r a l decades b e f o r e t h e y p e r f o r m e d a t t h e T i b b i t s , press s a w t w o o l d women. T h u s , t h i s t h e Coldwater s t u d y does n o t assume the New Yo r k c r i t i c a l s t a n d a r d b u t i n s t e a d a c c e p t s t h e v i e w s of local reviewers. The g r e a t e s t w o r t h o f t h i s s t u d y may be t h a t tablishes a view o f a 19th century small town theatre i n �4 terms o f i t s own m e r i t r a t h e r t h a n a g a i n s t a New Yo r k C i t y measuring s t i c k . the t o t a l i t y I f we a r e t o d e v e l o p a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f o f American theatre h i s t o r y to i s o l a t e t h e u n i q u e a s p e c t s o f well as the way With t h i s i t dove- t a i l s the small town theatre as w i t h New Yo r k e x p e c t a t i o n s . i n mind, l o c a l newspapers w i l l source f o r the study. Tibbits against b i g T h e i t becomes n e c e s s a r y provide the primary d i s s e r t a t i o n does n o t measure t h e c i t y theatres but instead reveals the Opera H o u s e ' s r e l e v a n c e t o t h e s m a l l c o m m u n i t y a s r e c o u n t e d i n c o n t e m p o r a r y, l o c a l p r e s s r e l e a s e s . Unlike most nineteenth c e n t u r y, s m a l l town t h e a t r e s , the T i b b i t s Opera House c o n t i n u e s t o offers a wide variety function and c u r r e n t l y of live entertainment. vations, while not altering the structure have a g a i n t u r n e d i t o f the theatre, i n t o a community c u l t u r a l c e n t e r which manages t o r e m a i n a monument t o t h e p a s t . T h e r e f o r e tory of the f i r s t t w o decades o f theatrical Opera H o u s e w i l l b e o f s p e c i a l s i g n i f i c a n c e activity t o of Coldwater and t o Michigan c u l t u r a l h i s t o r y. This h i s t o r y the l a s t decades o f impetus f o r o f Coldwater's theatrical activity in t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y may p r o v i d e t h e f u r t h e r investigation o f small town theatres and eventually the basis f o r an American theatre h i s t o r y which extends b e y o n d New Yo r k C i t y a n d p r o v i d e s a c o m p r e h e n s i v e view o f nineteenth century t h e a t r i c a l the U n i t e d S t a t e s . a c t i v i t y throughout 4 �5 Definitions and limitations This study i s between i t s a history o f o f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House i n a u g u r a l performance i n 1882 and i t s 1904 t o H u l d a h H e n n i n g J a c k s o n a s r e v e a l e d i n press. T h e sale i n the local 1904 t e r m i n a t i o n date was selected because w i t h the a d v e n t o f m o t i o n p i c t u r e s , t h e t h e a t r e ceased strate m u l t i p l i c i t y o f purpose. T h e accuracy ness o f t h e s e l o c a l a c c o u n t s were v e r i f i e d references i n t h e New Yo r k Dramatic M i r r o r , substantiated l o c a l accounts o f visiting the Tibbits. O f t e n , from T h e Mirror also the r o u t e s taken b y companies M i r r o r accounts were r e c t l y from t h e Coldwater newspapers. All a c t i v i t i e s housed w i t h i n t h e t h e a t r e a r e listed in t h e daybook. H o w e v e r, t h e 731 p l a y s presented d u r i n g the period and the myriad other a c t i v i t i e s preclude the coverage of each event tigation i n the body o f the study. T h e r e f o r e , w i l l focus on those plays o r representative o f the total a c t i v i t i e s which were theatrical picture o r which the press l a b e l e d u n i q u e o r u n u s u a l i n some w a y. M a n y of the performers appearing a t t h e Ti b b i t s were a t one t i m e prominent enough t o g a i n a l i s t i n g in either the D i c i o n a r y Biography o r Orlell's Annals o f the o f Americo.n New Y o r k S t a r e . H o w e v e r , by t h e t i m e t h e y g o t t o t h e T i b b i t s t h e l o c a l p r e s s f o u n d them t o o f a r past t h e i r prime t o be labeled a Theref(re, referevees t o "stae-s" i n "star." this study w i l l reflect �6 the b i a s o f the local press. Legitimate theatre refers performed b y p r o f e s s i o n a l a c t o r s . to any live stage play T h e r e i s no d i s t i n c t i o n between m u s i c a l a n d n o n - m u s i c a l p r o d u c t i o n s . large majority I n fact, a o f dramas t h e l o c a l press l a b e l e d " l e g i t i m a t e " included singing and dancing. T h u s operas, operettas, Uncle To m ' s C a b i n , a n d a l l p r o f e s s i o n a l drama are here l a b e l e d "legitimate." Amateur theatricals are those entertainments prepared b y and f e a t u r i n g l o c a l t a l e n t who engage i n theatrical pursuits as a pastime rather than a profession. Va r i e t y was a f o r m o f entertainment c o n s i s t i n g related s p e c i a l t y acts, dancing, musical numbers, sketches and s h o r t p l a y s . T h i s c a t e g o r y includes pantomime t r o u p e s such a s t h e H u m p t y Dumpty companies a n d g a i e t y s h o w s . A s these v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s became more in t h e 1 8 9 0 ' s and 1900's t h e y were renamed v a u d e v i l l e . Evaluation o f previous research There h a s been no comprehensive s t u d y c f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House o r of theatrical activity i n Coldwater, M i c h i g a n . W i l l i s Dunbar wrote a few paragraphs about Coldwater's Opera House i n M i c h i g a n T h r o u g h t h e C e n t u r i e s a n d a l s o a u t h o r e d an a r t i c l e e n t i t l e d "The Opera House a s a S o c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n in Michigan" which appeared i n a 1943 Michigan zine. T h e Snanower and Cassady d i s s e r t a t i o n s a r e n o t much d i r e c t b e n e f i t t o a researcher dealing with o f �7 water Michigan theatre. Methodology Since t h e r e i s n o p r e v i o u s s t u d y o f t h e O p e r a House the most i m p o r t a n t s o u r c e s u t i l i z e d were n i n e a r e a n e w s p a p e r s . W i t h porter all in this investigation the exception o f o f these newspapers were a v a i l a b l e a t water Public L i b r a r y. Most o f t h e a c c o u n t s o f c u l t u r a l e v e n t s i n C o l d w a t e r p r i o r t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Opera House were t a k e n f r o m The C o l d w a t e r S e n t i n e l , w h i c h b e g a n p u b l i c a t i o n i n 1 8 4 1 . The S e n t i n e l p u b l i s h e d c o n t i n u o u s l y t h r o u g h M a y o f 1 8 5 4 . I t reappeared i n 1864 a s t h e Coldwater Union S e n t i n e l . A f t e r the C i v i l War t h e f o r m e r masthead r e t u r n e d u n t i l 1 8 7 0 when the p a p e r ceased p u b l i c a t i o n . O t h e r e a r l y references were taken from t h e Branch County Journal which published f o r a two y e a r p e r i o d b e g i n n i n g i n 1 8 5 1 a n d T h e R e p u b l i c a n w h i c h printed i t s inaugural edition i n 1866. I n 1868 l i c a n became T h e C o l d w a t e r Republican a n d p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e same m a s t h e a d f o r t h e n e x t 2 9 y e a r s . A l l of the cept The Coldwater Republican were i s s u e d once a week. T h e Coldwater Republican published t w i c e a week. The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n a n d T h e C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , Michigan., w h i c h p r i n t e d i t s i n a u g u r a l e d i t i o n l o s s t h a n t w o months a f t e r t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e , w e r e t h e c h i e f sources f o r t h e f i r s t f i f t e e n years o f the �8 The R e p u b l i c a n c o n t i n u e d t o p u b l i s h t w i c e a w e e k , w h i l e T h e Courier p u b l i s h e d w e e k l y, t w i c e a week and d a i l y times. I n at various 1897 t h e t w o p a p e r s merged t o become The C o u r i e r and R e p u b l i c a n . T h e Coldwater Reporter, w h i c h tion i n 1896, was a l s o useful i n years i n c l u d e d T h e i n t h i s study. reconstructing the l a t e r R e p o r t e r was a v a i l a b l e at the Coldwater D a i l y Reporter o f f i c e . Prior t o 1882 most items about theatre and o t h e r cultural events were b r i e f , names a n d d a t e s . l i t t l e more t h a n a l i s t i n g of O f t e n amateur events g o t the most coverage. A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Opera House b o t h t h e C o u r i e r and t h e R e p u b l i c a n g a v e m o r e a t t e n t i o n t o theatrical events, with the Republican a t times publishing rather sophisticated reviews. U s u a l l y , local news. O n e theatrical s t o r i e s were p r i n t e d w i t h the l i n e advertisements also appeared here. Display ads were a p t t o appear anywhere i n the paper. S h o r t l y a f t e r t h e C o u r i e r and Republican merged t h e y had ment w i t h t h e T i b b i t s ' management a n d s t o p p e d views and t h e a t r i c a l reviews. amateur e v e n t s . T h e T h e y did continue t o cover R e p o r t e r c a r r i e d p i e -show p u b l i c i t y and d i s p l a y ads b u t was l a x a b o u t r e v i e w i n g many o f tions. Very f e w a d d i t i o n a l p r i m a r y s o u r c e s w e r e a v a i l a b l e . 1 1 The l o c a l H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y , c o n t a c t e d i n the Winter �9 The T i b b i t s F o u n d a t i o n h a s a n i n c o m p l e t e and p l a y b i l l s w h i c h a r e o f f i l e o f interest but provided mation n o t found i n the newspapers. T h e Coldwater Public L i b r a r y ' s " P a m p h l e t F i l e " c o n t a i n e d some p i c t u r e s o f the Opera House a n d t o w n i n t h e 1 8 8 0 ' s a n d 9 0 ' s . ary d i a r i e s housed i n the " F i l e " omitted any mention o f the Opera H o u s e . W i t h the exception o f Coldwater I l l u s t r a t e d , which provided a capsule h i s t o r y o f the town, most l o c a l and county h i s t o r i e s d i d n o t shed much l i g h t o n t h e tural attainments. Michigan h i s t o r i e s commented o n t h e s o c i a l , economic, a n d r e l i g i o u s i n f l u e n c e s p r e v a l e n t at t h e t i m e o f i n t h i s study but tended to equate Detroit with the whole o f M i c h i g a n . of 1974, c o u l d suggest no p o s s i b l e sources and was unable to s u p p l y a n y m a t e r i a l s r e l a t e d t o t h i s s t u d y. A p l e a i n the s o c i e t y ' s n e w s l e t t e r a l s o r e c e i v e d n o r e s p o n s e . T h e Coldwater Public L i b r a r y had several boxes o f u n c l a s s i f i e d h i s t o r i c a l m a t e r i a l , however none o f i t r e l a t e d t o t h e Ti b b i t s . A v i s i t t o t h e Branch County Archives gional H i s t o r y C o l l e c t i o n housed a t Western v e r s i t y i n Kalamazoo, Michigan, t u r n e d up one temporary t o t h e s t u d y b u t t h i s a l s o made n o m e n t i o n o f t h e Opera H o u s e . A n u m b e r o f phone c a l l s w e r e made t o a r e a residents who had c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e T i h b i t ' s r e s t o r a t i o n in the 1960's. O n e o f these c a l l s revealed that Josephine Henning Beyer had k e p t a scrapbook o f programs a n d graph book o f 1 9 t h c e n t u r y s t a r s who p l a y e d a t t h e T i b b i t s . These v o l u m e s w e r e f i n a l l y l o c a t e d i n t h e b a c k o f in the Tibbits Theatre office. F u r t h e r inquires negative responses o r the suggestion t h a t t h e tact the l o c a l H i s t o r i c a l Society o r Branch County Archives. Thus, l o c a l newspapers c o n s t i t u t e d t h e o n l y comprehensive primary source. �10 Organization A chronological-descriptive approach has ized. C h a p t e r I I begins with a b r i e f cultural history of Coldwater and then d e t a i l s t h e years o f Bart S. T i b b i t s ' ownership o f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House. T h e following two chapters d e a l w i t h the years d u r i n g which Joseph Henning owned t h e O p e r a H o u s e . C h a p t e r I I I covers the period from 1885-1894 when H e n n i n g u t i l i z e d a number o f managers. T h e first decade Chapter I V. o f J o h n J a c k s o n ' s management i s T h e second, t h i r d and f o u r t h chapters d i v i d e d i n t o s e c t i o n s o n t h e a t r e a n d management, l e g i t i m a t e drama, s t a r s , c o n c e r t s , r e l a t e d t h e a t r i c a l amateur p r o d u c t i o n s . T h e and t h e c o n c l u s i o n s o f There i s a activities, and l a s t c h a p t e r c o n t a i n s a summary t h i s study. b r i e f guide t o t h e appendices explaining t h e i r scope and how t h e y are organized. A p p e n d i x A i s book d e t a i l i n g e v e r y a c t i v i t y at the Tibbits from t i o n i n 1882 th:-ough 1904. selective index t o the daybook A with sections on performers, p l a y s and t h e a t r i c a l companies is included i n Appendix B. of each type A chart detailing the incidence o f entertainment i s also included i n pendix. A p p e n d i x C contains t h e e n t i r e newspaper account concerning t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Opera House. A p p e n d i x D includes an account o f newspaper a r t i c l e s the theatre's dedication and o t h e r o f special interest. Appendix E contains �11 photograph o f t h e T i b b i t s facade i n significant illustrations. A the 19th century and o t h e r bibliography s t u d y. This study provides a chronological, amination o f theatrical show t h e u n i q u e f u n c t i o n a c t i v i t y and l o c a l press r e a c t i o n t o o f t h e Opera House i n Stated as a question the hypothesis i s : of theatrical and non-theatrical W h a t was t h e e x t e n t activity Opera House f r o m 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 a n d d o e s t h i s a small town. at the Tibbits a c t i v i t y support the c o n t e n t i o n t h a t t h e Opera House f u n c t i o n e d d u r i n g t h e s e years as a small town c u l t u r a l center? �Chapter I I BARTON S . T I B B I T S Y E A R S , 1 8 8 2 - 1 8 8 5 Located 155 miles e a s t o f Chicago, 88 miles west o f To l e d o a n d 1 2 8 m i l e s s o u t h w e s t o f D e t r o i t , Coldwater, Michigan was a n a t u r a l w a y - s t a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s e l a r g e m i d - w e s t e r n cities. T h e town, which recorded i t s in the 1880's, was on the main l i n e population as 6000 o f the Lakeshore and Michigan Southern Railway and served as t h e c e n t r a l market for farmer's products f o r a large t e r r i t o r y. 1 C o l d w a t e r ' s easy a c c e s s i b i l i t y and t h e s u r r o u n d i n g l a k e s a n d f o r e s t e d parks made t h e t o w n a p o p u l a r r e s o r t f o r city t u a l l y t h e C o l d w a t e r a r e a was s e r v i c e d b y t h e sion o f t h e M i c h i g a n C e n t r a l R a i l w a y, t h e a i r - Ft. son a n d S a g i n a w l i n e a n d t h e S t . L o u i s , S t u r g i s , B a t t l e Creek R a i l r o a d . 2 the s t a t e i n By t h e t u r n o f the century, t h e town l e d the breeding o f fine horses and the of cigars. 1All Coldwater h i s t o r y w i l l be taken from J . S . C o n o v e r, e d . , C o l d w a t e r I l l u s t r a t e d ( C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n : J. S . C o n o v e r, 1 8 8 9 ) a n d Henry P. C o l l i n , H i s t o r y j4raphical Record o f Branch c o u n t y Michigan (New Yo r k : T h e L e w i s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 6 ) . 2The C o u r i e r — C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n , 1 6 D e c . 1 8 9 3 , p• 1 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o C o u r i e r. 12 �1 Coldwater's c i t i z e n s were always unique i n terest i n a r t and literature. Besides a ShakespeareClub3 the town boasted t h e L e w i s A r t G a l l e r y. T h i s "collection o f paintings and statuary . . largest on the continent, and i n point . p r i v a t e l y owned said to be the o f paring f a v o r a b l y w i t h any other" was thrown open f r e e charge t o o f the public every Saturday beginning i n the 1870's. The C o l d w a t e r F r e e P u b l i c L i b r a r y w a s e s t a b l i s h e d and b y t h e e n d o f i n 1880 t h a t decade t h e l i b r a r y boasted umes a n d a n e w b u i l d i n g . A local l i b r a r i a n was i n s t r u m e n t a l in organizing the Michigan State Library Association. All o f t h i s added up t o a community t h a t although small was i n no way i n s u l a r. T h e location on the crossroads between D e t r o i t a n d Chicago b r o u g h t a huge v a r i e t y through the c i t y. C o l d w a t e r ' s reputation as a resort and the S t a t e ' s c a p i t a l o f horse breeding also brought i n d i v i d u a l s f r o m more metropolitan areas. flux o f o f people i n many T h i s people not only kept the l o c a l citizens the l a t e s t a r t i s t i c trends and helped t o develop a taste the b e s t c u l t u r a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s , b u t i t ber o f w e a l t h y c i t i z e n s who were w i l l i n g profits back f o r also created t o p u t some o f their into The f i r s t r e c o r d e d theatric.k1 performance was 3The C o l d w a t e r R e p l b l i c a i i , 4 N o v . 1 8 8 1 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o Pepublinan. �1 d u c t i o n o f U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n o n May 2 6 , 1 8 5 4 . 4 F o l l o w i n g this, there are records o f formed i n the c i t y prior only seven legitimate t o 1879. B e t w e e n 1879 and 1881 over 30 l e g i t i m a t e dramas and a number o f m i n s t r e l and musical entertainments were performed i n the c i t y . P r i o r t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e T i b b i t s Opera House i n 1882 t h e l o c a l c i t i z e n s entertainments. M a n y utilized a variety lectures were held i n of halls f o r local churches while l e g i t i m a t e t h e a t r e was g e n e r a l l y quartered i n Armory Hall, Seely's Hall o r Noyes H a l l . A r c a d e house a n d t h e G l o b e t h e a t r e period and specialized i n tertainments.5 a l l H a l l , C l a r k ' s Opera operated only a short v a r i e t y and burlesque By 1 8 8 0 , m o s t e n t e r t a i n m e n t s w e r e h e l d a t Armory H a l l . W h e n t h a t h a l l burned t o t h e ground o n June 21, 1881, l e a v i n g o n l y g u n s a n d a f e w c h a i r s , t h e were l e f t for local people w i t h no place t o house t h e a t r i c a l entertainments. Theatre a n d Management The l o c a l p r e s s h a d a c t u a l l y b e g u n t o c a m p a i g n f o r a n Opera House a s e a r l y a s 1 8 7 9 when t h e S e n t i n e l r a n a s e r i e s of s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s o n music and t h e drama, commenting on the l i v e s a n d c a r e e r s o f such s t a r s a s B o o t h , B e r n h a r d t , Salvini and Ristori. W i t h the demise o f Armory H a l l t h e press 4The C o l d w a t e r S e n t i n e l , 2 6 M a y 1 8 5 4 . 5Republican, 6 Jan. 1882. �15 stepped u p t h e i r ity in efforts to i n t e r e s t someone i n b u i l d i n g an Opera House. T h e y wrote t h a t "no dances can b e h a d w i t h o u t c l i m b i n g t w o p a i r s representations can be seen a t a l l . " 6 sure t h e p u b l i c . the s t a r s i f t h a t "There i s . . o f stairs; no dramatic They went o n no trouble about getting you have a place t o p u t them i n . . Where i s the c i t i z e n who w a n t s fame and f o r t u n e ? " 7 M r. H . C . L e w i s , t h e o w n e r o f t h e L e w i s A r t was o n e o f the f i r s t t o Gallery, take up the newspaper's On N o v e m b e r 8 , 1 8 8 1 h e w r o t e B a r t S . T i b b i t s , t h e mayor o f Coldwater, t h a t h e w o u l d e r e c t a $16,000 Opera ing the Mayor could raise one h a l f the c o s t . T h e ported t h a t T i b b i t s attempted t o r a i s e t h e money l o c a l l y b u t the " b l o a t e d b o n d - h o l d e r s " i n Coldwater wanted no p a r t such a f i n a n c i a l l y s h a k y e n t e r p r i s e . 9 bits decided to I n disgust, b u i l d a theatre himself--even his c i g a r factory.10 o f i f i t "bust" By N o v. 1 1 , h e h a d b o u g h t l a n d chett s t r e e t a c r o s s f r o m h i s f a c t o r y and engaged t h e a r c h i t e c t , 1 M o r t i m e r S m i t h , w h o d e s i g n e d t h e Y p s i l a n t i Opera. H o u 3 e . 1 6Republican, 8 J u l y 1831. 7Rep.ib1ican, 8 J u l y 1881. 8Repub1ican, 2 5 Oct. 1381. 9Republican, 8 N o v. 1 8 8 1 . 1 0 R e p u b 11 c a n , 8 N o v . 1 8 8 1 . 11_ q x l i b l i r. a n , 11 N o v. 1 8 3 1 . �1 It's interesting to note that only three days elapsed between L e w i s ' r e q u e s t cision to f o r local funds and Bart b u i l d t h e Opera House h i m s e l f . very b r i e f period i n which to surmise t h a t T i b b i t s S i n c e t h i s seems a s o l i c i t matching funds one can didn't look very hard for local support before t a k i n g the p r o j e c t away from Lewis. Denny Va n e s , t h e o w n e r o f t h e T i b b i t s O p e r a House during the 1920's and 30's called Bart Tibbits "the greatest 'pusher' i n Michigan." H e r e c a l l e d t h a t "Mr. T i b b i t s was a h u s t l e r b y nature, broad minded and l i b e r a l and always ready to h e l p t h e n e e d y a n d s u f f e r i n g . H e was outspoken i n his sentiments and sometimes gave o ff e n s e where none tended."12 T h e son o f Allen Tibbits, one o f the original founders o f Coldwater, h e r e t u r n e d t o t h e community s h o r t l y a f t e r t h e C i v i l War and opened a tobacco and c i g a r s t o r e . Druing t h e next f e w years he was associated w i t h t h e American C i g a r Company a n d e v e n t u a l l y became t h e s e c r e t a r y o f enterprise.13 in A p r i l that I n 1 8 7 4 , h e opened t h e B . S . T. C i g a r Co. a n d o f 1881, h e was e l e c t e d Mayor o f Coldwater.14 that time, i n From a d d i t i o n t o t h e Opera House, h e was associated with nearly every large i n d u s t r y and b u i l d i n g i n Coldwater, including the skating rink, o i l 12 cart factory, and Coldwater D a i l y Reporter, n . d . c . 1920. 13The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b ) i c a n , 2 5 A u g . 1 8 9 9 , p . 14h2publican, 3 April 08.1. 5• �17 d u s t r y. H e even purchased gate t h e l o c a l l a k e s . T h e cial drain on Tibbits. prise t h e H e Opera House m y business, which had I a millionaire."15 a number o f steam boats Opera House p r o v e d a wrote " I attribute to downfall, and the sacrifice been s e l f i s h , w o u l d today have Upon h i s d e a t h i n 1 8 9 9 h i s o b i t u a r y l a u d e d Barton S . T i b b i t s a s " a g e n i a l , w h o l e s o u l e d man, g e n e r o u s to t h e p o o r, l a v i s h w i t h h i s i n t i m a t e s , a l o y a l friend and comrade."16 E x c a v a t i o n f o r t h e T i b b i t s O p e r a House commenced o n W e d n e s d a y, N o v e m b e r 2 3 , 1 8 8 1 . 1 7 W o r k b e g a n o n t i o n March 23, 1882 and w i t h t h e exception o f s e v e r a l weeks lost on account o f inclement weather the gressed r a p i d l y. 1 8 On S e p t e m b e r 1 9 , 1 8 8 2 - - t w o d a y s b e f o r e the R e p u b l i c a n p r i n t e d a complete d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e Opera House a n d 5 c e n e r y . 1 9 T h e b u i l d i n g was 125 f e e t l o n g and 56 1'Coldwater D a i l y Reporter, n . d . c . 1920. 16The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n , 2 5 A u g . 1 8 9 9 , p . 5. 17Repub1ican, 2 5 N o v. 1 8 8 1 . Republican, publican reported tha caused b y sLow d e l i v e North Adams, M i c h i g a n tional $400. 1 9 Sept. 1882. T h e May t Mayor Ti b b i t s , annoyed ry of a brick kiln, took where he purchased one f 12, by a delay a train to o r 19Ualess o t h e r w i s e n o t e d , t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r section i s taken from Republican, 19 Sept. 1882. this �`Vr 1 feet wide.2 \The f r o n t e l e v a t i o n which r e f l e c t e d modern s t y l e o f a r c h i t e c t u r e " w a s s u r m o u n t e d b y a 2 4 f o o t high cone covered w i t h s l a t e w i t h a f l a g s t a f f more f e e t i n t o t h e a i r , m o u n t e d w i t h a g o l d e n e a g l e . A t the b a s e o f t h e c o n e was a b r o n z e b u s t o f Shakespeare a n d immediately b e n e a t h , a window f r o n t e d b y a n i r o n b a l c o n y. On a g o l d l e a f c i r c l e o v e r t h e w i n d o w w e r e t h e w o r d s b i t s Opera-House, 1 8 8 2 . " T h e e n t i r e f r o n t facade was a tasteful combination o f pressed red brick, c u t stone, and black brick. ' The i n t e r i o r w a s a p p r o a c h e d t h r o u g h a g r a n d e n t r a n c e two f e e t a b o v e t h e s t r e e t l e v e l , 1 3 f e e t w i d e , a n d 2 5 f e e t long. T h e box o f f i c e , m a n a g e r ' s o f f i c e , s m o k i n g room broad s t a i r w a y s l e a d i n g t o t h e Dress C i r c l e opened o f f t h e entrance f o y e r. The a u d i t o r i u m , w h i c h w a s 5 6 b y 5 7 f e e t , w a s e n t e r e d through s p r i n g doors covered w i t h d a r k t e r r a - c o t t a l e a t h e r with gold trimmings. T h e parquet and parquet c i r c l e were in t h e shape o f a n amphitheater, w i t h between t h e t i e r s stage. T h e o f seats t o give an excellent view o f the s i d e s o f t h e proscenium opening were private boxes. T h e orchestra p i t was so s i t u a t e d i n f r o n t 20An e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e s e a n d o t h e r f i g u r e s article reireals t h a t the reporter usually referred side d i m e n s i o n s o r i n some c a s e s e s t i m a t e s . A c o n j e c t u r a l sketch o f t h e Opera House i n 1 8 8 2 , b a s e d upon t h i s a c c o u n t , is i n c l u d e d i n Appendix E . F o r more s p e c i f i c c e r n i n g t h e C o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e O p e r a House s e e Appendix C . �1 of the stage that i t did not obstruct the view of ence. O r n a m e n t a l r a i l i n g s s e p a r a t e d t h e p a r q u e t tra p i t and the parquet and parquet c i r c l e . Throughout t h e house, t h e decorations ing were r i c h and harmonious i n i n cameo t i n t s coloring and design. C o l o r e d w i t h accent colors o f cardinal, green and gold, the a u d i t o r i u m presented a b r i g h t and a i r y appearance. T h e aisles and boxes were carpeted while t h e s t a i r s and l o b b y were c o v e r e d w i t h h e a v y m a t t i n g . The p r o s c e n i u m b o x e s w e r e d r a p e d w i t h c a r d i n a l s i l k plush curtains l i n e d w i t h o l d gold and trimmed w i t h broad antique lace. T h e lambrequins--or valances--were trimmed with ornamental braid and s i l k cords and t a s s e l s . tints o f gold " i n the rest T h e fringe and looped w i t h heavy box fronts, reflecting o f the house, were trimmed w i t h green and the style o f the Renaissance," and ornamented w i t h large beveled plate glass mirrors. T h e parquet, and dress c i r c l e were a l l upholstered i n plush and bordered w i t h a A portrait proscenium a r c h . railings o f the boxes, cardinal g i l t moulding. o f Shakespeare occupied t h e c e n t e r T h i s was f l a n k e d e n of the either side panels bordered w i t h c a r d i n a l w h i l e a group o f cherubs representing music and t h e drama posed against a background o f l i g h t summer s k y above t h e p o r t r a i t . dome, m o r e c h e r u b s a n d t r a i l i n g garinds W i t h i n the ceiling o f rounded t h e s i i n l i g l I t c h a n d e l i e r suspenderl aboNe t h e p a r q u e t . �20 The a u d i t o r i u m w a s o r n a m e n t e d w i t h " v a s e s o f quets and conventional v i n e s and f i g u r e s . " wrote " I t i s impossible to give a description tions which w i l l convey an adequate i d e a of of t h e i r beauty." The p a r q u e t a n d p a r q u e t c i r c l e w e r e f u r n i s h e d w i t h patent f o l d i n g chairs frequently referred t o as "grand opera chairs." Upholstered 1000 c h a i r s i n in dark cardinal plush, each of the the house provided f o o t r e s t s , and hat and umbrella racks. T i b b i t s ' p e r s o n a l monogram was o n t h e b a c k of each chair. L. B . C h e v e l i e r , a Detroit a r t i s t who d e c o r a t e d t h e auditorium, a l s o p a i n t e d t h e d r o p c u r t a i n s and s c e n e r y. His f r o n t c u r t a i n depicted a brown c u r t a i n with a reverse of green thrown over a bar extending across the top proscenium a r c h . A p i n k c u r t a i n , w i t h shadows o f curtain and tassels, descended from the b a r. A the brown broad f l i g h t of stairs lead to a terrace fenced by a balustrade. in court dress, stood ear t o t h e c u r t a i n " a s on e a c h s i d e o f of the A page, i n the center of the terrace with his i f waiting f o r the signal t o part i t the wings." A l o c a l paper labeled another drop, apparently used between a c t s , "a m o d e l o f s c e n i c a r t . " T h i s d r o p showed t h e grand c a n a l o f Venice framed a n d draped w i t h c u r t a i n s gold and brown damask w i t h a r e v e r s e o f pink. T h e o f Tibbits' i n t e r i o r accent colors--cardinal, green and gold--were �21 duplicated on the border of the drop. canal, reminiscent the c a n a l i n o f T h e C a n a l e t t o ' s Venetian p a i n t i n g s , showed the immediate foreground, crowded w i t h gondolas, marketmen's barges and f i s h i n g v e s s e l s . of the boats and crews dressed i n brilliant view o f the grand T h e b r i g h t garments " f u r n i s h c o l o r effects, which form a varied and pleasing spectacle." T h e boundary w i t h middle foreground depicted the shore p i l l a r s , arches, windows and t u r r e t s of Venetian a r c h i t e c t u r e . C h e v e l i e r painted the palace o f the Doge o f Ve n i c e a n d t h e campanile a n d palace o f with the Bridge typical St. Mark's o f Sighs leading t o the prison. publican noted that "This i s a painting that w i l l bear the severest c r i t i c i s m and c l o s e s t i n s p e c t i o n . " John B . Hanna, f o r m e r l y o f t h e B u f f a l o atre, superintended the rigging o f the stage machinery i n the Opera House a n d t h e b u i l d i n g o f s e t p i e c e s . mained i n the position o f head stage carpenter u n t i l June o f 1885 when he moved o n t o W h i t n e y ' s Opera House i n Detroit.21 The s t a g e h o u s e w a s 5 3 f e e t w i d e , 3 4 f e e t d e e p a n d 3 6 f e e t high from f l o o r t o at the sides the stage, and the r i g g i n g o f with machinery t o rigging-loft. G a l l e r i e s l o f t was supplied s h i f t a n d handle t h e s c e n e r y. T h e stage was e q u i p p e d w i t h a p a i n t - b r i d g e a n d m o v a b l e f r a m e , f i v e sets o f grooves, t r a p doors, and " e v e r y 21 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 1 J u n e 1 P 8 5 . COLDWATERPUBLIC �22 ence."22 Speaking tubes and b e l l s i g n a l s , l o c a t e d n e a r t h e prompter's s t a n d , p l a c e d the stage manager i n cation with the box office, orchestra, and with trap s h i f t e r s above, below and a t e i t h e r side o f On s t a g e l e v e l a n d t o t h e r e a r a h a l l greenroom, a led the stage. o f f to a s t a r and two o t h e r d r e s s i n g rooms a n d a scene dock 21 f e e t h i g h . T h e green room and a l l t h e d r e s s i n g rooms boasted c a r p e t i n g and "every convenience which c o n t r i b u t e s to t h e comfort o f the profession." T h e second vided f o u r more l a r g e d r e s s i n g rooms. B e l o w was a r o o m f o r t h e o r c h e s t r a , the stage there a band room, and a room commodate m i n s t r e l s . The T i b b i t s O p e r a H o u s e s t o c k o f s c e n e r y w a s s a i d t o be " t h e l a r g e s t a n d f i n e s t i n Michigan," the o n e - t h i r d more i t e m s t h a n t h e Kalamazoo Opera House.23 listing The o f scenery and set pieces indicates t h a t the Ti b b i t s was u n u s u a l l y w e l l e q u i p p e d t o s t a g e t h e m e l o d r a m a s ces w h i c h made u p a l a r g e p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y drama.24 22The O p e r a H o u s e b o a s t e d o f a s p e c i a l " v a m p i r e t r a p . " A c c o r d i n g t o t h e R e p u b l i c a n , 7 N o v. 1 8 3 2 , " A l l y o u h a v e t o d o is t o step on i t and c r y out, ' a l l aboard,' and 'presto change' you f i n d y o u r s e l f doubled u p o n t h e basement f l o o r broken w r i s t . " 23Republican, 1 6 May 1882. 24A c o m p l e t e l i s t i n g Appendix C. of set pieces i s included i n �23 The T i b b i t s ' s t o c k o f scenery included drops, wings and s k y b o r d e r s a n d a l s o i n d i v i d u a l s e t p i e c e s . F o r interior scenes, t h e y c o u l d r e p r o d u c e a " f a n c y c h a m b e r, " o a k chamber, p l a i n chamber, o r dows, a f i r e kitchen--each setting including p l a c e , and special touches such as a f o r t h e p l a i n chamber. T h e y also had the pict a palace, conservatory and a prison. f a c i l i t i e s F o r e x t e r i o r scenes t h e y c o u l d r e p r o d u c e a w o o d s c e n e - - c o m p l e t e w i t h stumps a n d logs, a street, rustic bridge, a snow landscape, a garden, a a village, p l a s t e r cottage, b r i c k house, l o g "plain house." T h e y a hut, o r also had a water landscape drop, one gondola and a r o w b o a t . O t h e r special pieces included a ship scene w i t h t h i r t e e n pieces, a set fountain, a n arbor, a Juliet tomb stone, " s e t waters" and a stage chandelier. I n January o f 1882, t h e Republican announced t h a t B . S. T i b b i t s h a d m a d e a c o n t r a c t w i t h t h e J e n n y E l e c t r i c L i g h t Co. o f F t . Wayne I n d i a n a t o light t h e c i g a r f a c t o r y and Opera House.25 H o w e v e r, i t appears t h a t to l i g h t the front o f the Opera House, w h i l e g a s f a x t u r e s continued t o e l e c t r i c i t y was used o n l y function within the theatre. The l i g h t i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g trolled from the stage, w i t h the main pipe so arranged that the g a s c o u l d b e c u t o f f from any part o f the building i n an Instant. T h e r e were 306 l i g h t s --auditorium, 94; stage, 174; 258epublican, 3 Jan. 1882. �2 dressing rooms, 1 6 ; basement, 1 2 ; o f f i c e , v e s t i b u l e , c o n y, 1 0 . A l l w e r e l i g h t e d b y means o f a n e l e c t r i c s p a r k from t h e s t a g e . T h e main c h a n d e l i e r above t h e p a r q u e t was an O p a l g l a s s r e f l e c t o r . T h e vestibule and d e l i e r s a n d t h e i r b r a c k e t s were made o f p o l i s h e d b r a s s a n d fitted with The a u d i t o r i u m a n d s t a g e w e r e s u p p l i e d w i t h h o t a i r v e n t i l a t o r s b o t h i n t h e dome a n d i n t h e r o o f o f t h e s t a g e . The b u i l d i n g w a s w a r m e d b y l o w p r e s s u r e s t e a m h e a t , e a c h r o o m being provided w i t h a bronzed and decorated r a d i a t o r o r c o i l of p i p e . O v e r a m i l e o f pipe was used i n t h e b u i l d i n g . Possibly because o f t h e prevalence o f t h e a t r i c a l fires i n many U . S . c i t i e s , s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n was fire safety. T h e vertical boiler, located in was s u r r o u n d e d b y w a t e r a n d c o u l d b e a d j u s t e d t o r a i s e o n l y one p o u n d o f s t e a m d u r i n g a p e r f o r m a n c e . T h e s c e n e r y w a s sized f r o n t and back w i t h a f i r e - p r o o f preparation border l i g h t s were protected with wire screens and the l i p s of t h e burners encased i n gas f i t t e r s cement. tank o f w a t e r was l o c a t e d above t h e f l y A gallery ficient hose t o reach any part o f the stage rooms. T h e h o u s e b o a s t e d s e v e n e x i t s a n d a nection with the f i r e L B y m i d -November c f t h e t h e a t r e ' o i - l a u s u r. a i s e a s o n theOpera House dancing f l o o r was completeA. parquet ane stae.e c o u l d be covered v i t n a canvas-covered �25 false f l o o r which extended from the stage over and w a s " a r r a n g e d i n s u c h a m a n n e r t h a t i t can be taken out or placed i n p o s i t i o n a t s h o r t n o t i c e . " 2 6 This s o r t o f flexibility g r e a t l y enhanced o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e t o t h e c o m m u n i t y. T h e local people had a theatre a n d a b a l l r o o m i n t h e same b u i l d i n g . T h e special warm-up rooms f o r m u s i c i a n s a n d m i n s t r e l s e n c o u r a g e d t h e u s e of t h e f a c i l i t y as a concert h a l l while t h e removable opera c h a i r s made i t p o s s i b l e t o house conventions and tions i n the Ti b b i t s . B a r t T i b b i t s f u r t h e r encouraged use of t h e t h e a t r e b y making i t a v a i l a b l e f o r public r e n t a l . F i f t y d o l l a r s would h i r e t h e Opera House f o r one n i g h t , e i g h t y for two and one hundred f o r three n i g h t s . 2 7 In decoration, the T i b b i t s was e a s i l y a s e l e g a n t a s t h e Second Olympic Theatre w h i c h was completed i n S t . L o u i s t h a t same y e a r . The C o l d w a t e r f a c i l i t y w a s s e c o n d t o t h e O l y m p i c o n l y i n size. The f i n a l e s t i m a t e d c o s t o f t h e T i b b i t s was $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 . 2 8 O f the $3000 i n donations Tibbits asked, h e secured o n l y 12300— m o s t l y i n p r i v a t e donations o f $100 o r less.29 In order t o recoup a t l e a s t a small portion o f his Republican, 1 7 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . 27 28 L 2 - 6 29 Republican, 1 4 J u l y 1882. Republican, 8 Aug. 1 8 8 2 . R e p u b l i T. a n , 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 8 2 . �2 m o n e y, M a y o r T i b b i t s s o l d t h r e e d o l l a r t i c k e t s ing performance. T h e dollars apiece.30 p r i v a t e boxes went f o r Later, t h e p r i c e s to twenty-five f o r most performances were P a r q u e t a n d P a r q u e t C i r c l e 7 5 0 , D r e s s C i r c l e 5 0 0 , a n d Gallery 350.31 low as 100.32 750.33 Some o f t h e R e p e r t o r y c o m p a n y p l a y s w e r e a s For a l l productions, c h i l d r e n Tibbits requested this high rate for i n arms were children after a baby completely d i s r u p t e d an October 1882 performance. wrote " L e t those d e s i r i n g open dates f o r children H e i n arms address B . S . T i b b i t s and save b e i n g i n t e r f e r e d w i t h b y stars The p r e s s p l a y e d a l a r g e r o l e inception. i n campaigning f o r the Opera House p r i o r to i t s A f t e r sumed a d u a l r o l e o f c r i t i c and arbiter i t opened of public taste. The R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r , e s p e c i a l l y , r e v e a l e d a 30 E v i d e n t l y, s o m e o f the l o c a l c i t i z e n s complained about t h e h i g h c o s t o f admission. T h e Republican, 1 8 Aug. 1882 u r g e s " P u r c h a s e y o u r t i c k e t s , g e n t l e m e n , d o n ' t w a i t t o be a s k e d . A l l r i g h t , ' H a n k , ' a l o a d o f p u m p k i n s , a f e w pounds o f b u t t e r , a n d s e v e r a l d o z e n o f e g g s f r o m t h e f a r m will pay for i t . " 31Courier, 1 8 Aug. 1883. T h e admission t i c k e t s were 1-5/1.67-177-7" a n d i n c l u d e d t h e w o r d s " T i b b i t s O p e r a House- A d m i t O n e . " I n t h e c e n t e r w a s a p i c t u r e o f M r . Tibbits. T h e complimentary t i c k e t s were 2 " b y 4-3/4" w i t h an e n g r a v i n g o f M r . T i b b i t s o n t h e l e f t a n d a " u n i q u e a n d beautiful design" on the balance o f the t i c k e t . 32Republican, 2 2 Sept. 1882. 33ReTublican, 5 Dec. 1882. S e e Appendix D f o r a n e d i t o r i a l t i t l e d " D a r l i n g L i t t l e L a b y. " Republica!;. 1 7 Oct. 1882. �27 ledge n o t o n l y literature. dictments o f o f contemporary theatre but also T h e r e seems l i t t l e doubt that his the mediocre and praise the programming a t t h e T i b b i t s . as a sort o f o f dramatic o f quality influenced T h e newspapers a l s o served " p u b l i c watch-dog" and f r e q u e n t l y chastised t h e a t r e management when a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p o l i c i e s did not measure u p t o p r e s s e x p e c t a t i o n s . The R e p u b l i c a n r a n a n e d i t o r i a l shortly after the opening o f t h e T i b b i t s which revealed t h e course t h e p r e s s would choose f o r t h e Opera House.35 T h e reviewer began b y l a u d i n g t h e T i b b i t s Opera House a s a n e d i f i c e "warrant t h e presentations o f the best plays b y the best artists."36 He c a u t i o n e d h o w e v e r , t h a t s e c o n d - rate companies would also be o n l y too w i l l i n g vantage o f such a f i n e theatre. T h i s to t h r u s t upon ment r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o b e d i s c r i m i n a t e i n the booking panies because t h e p u b l i c w o u l d r e s p o n d w i t h to a c o n s i s t e n t program o f shows w h i c h were t h e " b e s t o f their class." The r e v i e w e r t h e n w e n t o n t o s u g g e s t t h a t t h e r e i s much t o b e l e a r n e d a n d m u c h g o o d i s d e r i v e d f r o m s k i l l f u l presentation o f good drama. T h e characterization and "depict i n 35The e n t i r e e d i t o r i a l best actors seek truth real life in the scenes and i s reproduced i n Appendix D. 36Republican, 26 Sept. 1882. �28 characters which t h e drama may p o r t r a y. " N o n e o f t h i s w i l l come a b o u t , h e c a u t i o n e d , w i t h o u t a s t u d i o u s i n t e r e s t o n t h e part o f the l i s t e n e r. T h e l i s t e n e r can choose " t h e s t r o n g and v i g o r o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f c h a r a c t e r w h i c h B o o t h a n d B a r r e t t a n d o t h e r s d e l i g h t t o p r e s e n t " o r dramas l i k e t h e Black C r o o k " i n w h i c h e v e r y a t t e m p t i s made t o p l e a s e t h e eye a n d e x c i t e t h e b a s e r p a s s i o n s . " T h e r e v i e w e r b r a n d e d the l i g h t s o c i e t y p l a y s o f t h e d a y a s " i n s i p i d " a n d ing i n a d j e c t i v e s a n d sometimes e x p l e t i v e s . " H e concluded with a caution t o the listener. Given good p l a y s and s k i l l f u l a c t o r s , however, t h e r e may even t h e n b e a f a i l u r e t o r e s p o n d o n t h e p a r t o f t h e hearer. I t i s because hearers go j u s t t o l a u g h , o r j u s t to p l e a s e t h e s e n s e , t h a t t h e drama o f t o d a y h a s i z i n g t e n d e n c y. T o h e a r Hamlet e n j o y a b l y r e q u i r e s t h a t the l i s t e n e r s h a l l f o l l o w Booth c r i t i c a l l y t h r o u g h e v e r y point i n h i s delineation. T o hear him a study o f t h e p l a y and o f the t i m e i n which i t ten. S o t o o o f R i c h l i e u . L i k e w i s e s h o u l d we s t u d y t h e modern p l a y . N o t e h o w f a r i t c o r r e s p o n d s t o a c t u a l l i f e . Study n o t m e r e l y how t h e p l o t i s w r o u g h t o u t , o r w h a t t h e denouement i s , b u t how f a i t h f u l t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i s ; a n d then b y means o f comparison d i s c e r n , i f p o s s i b l e , whether t h e k i n d o f l i f e d e p i c t e d i s such a s makes t h e b e s t s o c i e t y a n d b u i l d s u p human l i f e . I f n o t , t h e t i m e w i l l come when a b e t t e r l i f e w i l l b e d e p i c t e d i n dramas that a r e l o f t i e r i n tone and more e l e v a t i n g i n d e n c y. I t ' s i n t e r e s t i n g that t h e Republican reviewer c a l l s f o r n o t o n l y t h e " b e s t " shows b u t a l s o f o r " r e a l i s t i c d r a m a . " T h i s i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e p r o g r e s s i v e n a t u r e o f much o f this reviewer's criticism. H e speaks o f " t r u t h i n z a t i o n . " W h i l e M i n n i e Maddern F i s k e and a f e w o t h e r s began experimenting w i t h a n a t u r a l school o f acting based �29 logical truthfulness as e a r l y as the 1870's, h e r school o f a c t i n g d i d n o t become a dominant i n f l u e n c e 1890's. T h i s e d i t o r i a l was w r i t t e n u n t i l i n 1882. At t h e end o f the 1883 season t h e Republican appealed to t h e T i b b i t s management f o r ". . . something more s o l i d , a good drama f r o m which a l e s s o n may be drawn and rived." T h e season.37 A paper noted a s u r f e i t o f l i g h t comedy i n year l a t e r the Courier noted that the 1883 i n 1884 " t h e class o f companies i n t r o d u c e d b y Manager T i b b i t s may be r a n k e d as f i r s t - c l a s s . n 3 8 Evidentally the general public d i d not agree with the p r e s s , h o w e v e r. B y the f a l l o f 1884 a r e d u c t i o n use o f n e w s p a p e r d i s p l a y a d s h e r a l d e d t h e threats t o the theatre's existence. I n i n the f i r s t December o f 1884 the C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d t h a t b y t h e summer o f 1885 t h e t h e a t r e would undoubtedly be converted i n t o a roller mill. T h e paper l i s t e d t h r e e reasons why t h e t h e a t r e had been phant upon i t s o w n e r ' s h a n d s . " large f o r ness o f a c i t y the size F i r s t , t h e investment was t o o o f Coldwater. S e c o n d , t h e l o c a l a n d n a t i o n a l economy i n t h e p a s t s e v e r a l years worked a g a i n s t t h e t h e a t r e . A n d finally, who s e t u p t h e l o u d e s t c l a m o r f o r a s u i t a b l e p l a c e 37Republican, 2 N o v. 1 8 8 3 . 38Courier, 3 J u l y 1884. �30 ment r e f u s e d t o s u p p o r t t h e O p e r a H o u s e . " 3 9 Legitimate Drama During t h e T i b b i t s y e a r s t h r e e types o f companies appeared o n t h e O p e r a House s t a g e . T h e company known a s a Combination Company was o n e t h a t u s u a l l y s t a y e d o n l y o n e night and s p e c i a l i z e d i n the performance o f a s i n g l e p l a y. Repertory companies s t a y e d t w o n i g h t s o r more- - u s u a l l y one week- - a n d f e a t u r e d t h e same a c t o r s i n a v a r i e t y o f p l a y s . Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies w h e t h e r " d o u b l e , " "mammoth," or " i d e a l " c o n f i n e d themselves t o t h e production single drama. The p r e s s d i d n ' t a l w a y s i n d i c a t e t h e l o c a t i o n o f a company's p r e v i o u s e n g a g e m e n t . H o w e v e r , f r o m t h e i n f o r m a t i o n they s u p p l i e d i n some o f t h e p r e -show p u b l i c i t y the T i b b i t s was a i t appears h a l f -way p o i n t between White's Theatre and Whitney's Opera House i n D e t r o i t and H o o l e y ' s Opera House i n Chicago. The d a y b o o k l i s t s e v e r y O p e r a H o u s e licized i n l o c a l papers from the opening production i n 1882 through 1 9 0 4 . S i n c e the t i t l e the press often l i s t e d o f a play, n o t l i t t l e more t h a n a l l productions can be discussed. H o w e v e r, d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a w i l l f o c u s o n those p l a y s w h i c h were e i t h e r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e t o t a l 3 9 C o u r i e r, 2 7 D e c . 1 8 8 4 . �31 theatrical picture i n C o l d w a t e r o r u n i q u e o r u n u s u a l i n some w a y. Combination Plays D u r i n g B. S . T i b b i t s ' t e n u r e as manager o f t h e t h e a t r e most o f t h e l e g i t i m a t e dramas p l a y e d i n the Opera House w e r e b y c o m b i n a t i o n c o m p a n i e s p l a y i n g o n e - n i g h t stands. T h e t h e a t r e opened o n September 21, 1882 w i t h L o u i s F. B a n n i s ' s T h e M a i d o f A r r a n . 4 o Early that evening a large crowd c o n g r e g a t e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e Opera House ness t h e arrival o f those attending the evening performance.41 Uniformed ushers seated t h e people and b y 8;00 p.m. t h e audience had assembled. " T h e the b r i l l i a n t hues o f ladies were i n t h e i r dresses, t h e f u l l dress and glittering the handsome c u r t a i n and t h e e l e g a n t d e c o r a t i o n s o f lights, the house p r o d u c e d a t o u t ensemble s e l d o m s u r p a s s e d . " T h e curtain rose t o d i s c l o s e a c i t i z e n s ' committee w h i c h conducted cation o f t h e Opera House. O n e E. R . R o o t read a number o f resolutions voicing the people's delight with the Tibbits Opera House a n d t h e i r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f B a r t S . forts. I t i s n o t t h e man o f w e a l t h whose r i c h e s a r e l o c k e d u p in h i s bonds, h i s mortgages, o r h i s s e c u r i t i e s ; i t i s 40Repub1ican, 4 Aug. 1882. 41Unles5 o t h e r w i s e n o t e d t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o n "Opening Night" vas taken from Republican, 22 Sept. 1882. A complete account o f t h e d e d i c a t i o n i s reproduced i n Appendix D. �32 not t h e man who c o u n t s h i s g a i n s i n t h e s e c l u s i o n o f his o f f i c e o r h i s c o u n t i n g house t h a t h e l p s f u l c i t y most. I t i s t h e man who i s w i l l i n g t o l a u n c h his c a p i t a l i n t h e hazardous b u i l d i n g up o f i e s a n d p u b l i c e n t e r p r i s e s , a n d i f o u r townsman stripped the most o f us i n the success o f h i s business no o n e c a n l o o k u p o n h i s p r o s p e r i t y w i t h a j e a l o u s e y e , for he has l a v i s h e d i t w i t h a generous and plenteous hand f o r t h e g o o d o f t h e g r o w t h o f t h e c i t y . B. S . T i b b i t s r e s p o n d e d t h a t h e h a d b u i l t t h e O p e r a House f o r t w o r e a s o n s . F i r s t , he desired "to erect ment t o m y memory t h a t e v e r y m a n , woman a n d c h i l d water would appreciate." S e c o n d , h e wished t o prove h i m s e l f not s e l f i s h , b u t "ready and w i l l i n g t o do anything power t o b e a u t i f y a n d o r n a m e n t o u r c i t y . " The M a i d o f A r r a n w a s f o l l o w e d b y a s u c c e s s i o n o f melodramas a n d " s c e n i c s e n s a t i o n s " w h i c h d i d n o t m e a s u r e u p to t h e e x p e c t a t i o n s o f t h e l o c a l p r e s s . O n October 24, t h e e d i t o r o f t h e C o u r i e r c a l l e d t h e D r u n k a r d ' s D a u g h t e r Company "the w o r s t l o t o f barn stormers t h a t have v i s i t e d our section t h i s s e a s o n . " S a y i n g t h a t t h e p l a y was n o t h i n g more o r l e s s t h a n Te n N i g h t s i n a B a r Room, h e s u g g e s t e d t h a t w h e n e v e r the company "made a s t a k e " t h e y purchase a new s u i t f o r W i l l y Hammond " a n d n o t f o r c e h i m ( o r r a t h e r h e r ) t o w e a r t h e s a m e clothes, even t o the white necktie, from the time he f i r s t enters the S i c k l e and Sheaf u n t i l h i s death." N o t i n g t h a t attendance had been poor, t h e reviewer found i t understand "how one c a n go t o work t o o r g a n i z e s o t h o r o u g h l y �3 a b a d show."42 I n N o v e m b e r, t h e R e p u b l i c a n f o u n d M r . Chevelier's s e t t i n g the most e n t e r t a i n i n g aspect o f The World. T h e play presented i n i t s e l f was " f a r below t h e s t a n d a r d " a n d was a " s h a b b y manner."43 The A g n e s H e r n d o n C o m p a n y ' s p r o d u c t i o n o f O n l y a Farmer's Daughter was considered " i n t e r e s t i n g , " however t h e reviewer deplored the tedious w a i t between acts.44 The rison company's production o f Our I n f a n t on January 15, 1883 "would have been b e t t e r worse l o t stage."45 o f i f i t had never been born, the f i r s t The H a r r i s o n c o m p a n y h a d r e c e i v e d i t s this road panies t r i e d a t r a s h had n e v e r played upon t h e Opera House reputation playing Photos a t Hooley's Theatre i n Chicago.46 covered a t f o r I t was p o i n t t h a t a l t h o u g h Coldwater was u s u a l l y stop a f t e r the Chicago theatre, t h e out t h e i r less popular plays i n the small town. The o n l y p l a y t o r e c e i v e a p o s i t i v e r e v i e w d u r i n g t h e Opera H o u s e ' s f i r s t Mascotte. E v e n w i n t e r o f o p e r a t i o n was Fay t h a t was h a r d l y a r a v e . t h a t " n o o n e w e n t home d i s a p p o i n t e d . " 4 7 42Courier, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 43 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 4 N o v . 1 8 8 2 . 4 4 C o u r i e r, 2 5 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . 45Republican, 1 6 Jan. 1 8 8 3 . 46Repub1ican, 1 2 J a n . 1 8 8 3 . 47Republican, 1 3 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . T h e reviewer remarked Of t h e F o g g ' s F e r r y �3 Combination he wrote t h a t "The p l a y but o f no great m e r i t . M i s s appear, h a v i n g b e e n s i c k was w e l l f i l l e d i s a very pleasing one, Carrie Stuart, the f o r some t i m e p a s t , b u t star, did not her place b y some l a d y whose name d i d n o t a p p e a r program."48 Finally, i n t h e Summer o f 1 8 8 3 , t h e r e v i e w e r s f o u n d two p l a y s w o r t h y o f s p e c i a l m e n t i o n . and p l a y e d P h o t o s - - t h e i r C h i c a g o h i t . T h e Harrisons returned T h e mented, " T h e H a r r i s o n s redeemed themselves l a s t e v e n i n g i n Photos. T h e play i s s i m p l y immense a n d t h e c a s t in every respect."49 Dillon first-class In July, t h e Courier reported t h a t John i n States Attorney "captivated the audience."50 The 1 8 8 3 - 8 4 s e a s o n o p e n e d w i t h G u s W i l l i a m s s t a r r i n g i n One o f the Finest. M r . W i l l i a m s was p r a i s e d as a f e l l o w " a n d " a p e r f e c t g e n t l e m a n . " 51 Throughout t h e " j o l l y f a l l both papers reported l i g h t attendance and mostly i n d i ff e r e n t plays. instance, t h e McAuley Combination's A Messenger F o r from J a r v i s Section abounded " i n quaint humor and p e c u l i a r interest."52 48Republican, 3 0 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . 4,9Republican, 1 J u n e 1883. Courier, 1 4 J u l y 1883. 51Republican, 2 8 Aug. 1883. E v i d e n t l y , M r . W i l l i a m s liked Coldwater too, because t h i s issue o f the paper reports that he i s arranging t o spend one month o f h i s tion i n the Coldwater area. 52Republican, 11 S e p t . 1883. �3 Near t h e end o f 1883 t h e t h e a t r e f i n a l l y b e g a n t r a c t a f e w o f t h e more p o p u l a r p l a y s o f t h e d a y such a s Hoyt's A Bunch o f Keys, Bronson Howard's The B a n k e r ' s Daughter and A u g u s t i n D a l y ' s P i q u e . W h e n t h e W i l b u r O p e r a formed O l i v e t t e i n J a n u a r y o f 1 8 8 4 , h o w e v e r, t h e r e v i e w e r revealed a disenchantment w i t h the "has-beens" i n previous performances b y commenting f a v o r a b l y o n t h e W i l b u r Company chorus. " T h e c h o r u s was w e l l d r i l l e d a n d showed e x c e l l e n t t r a i n i n g a n d w h a t i s e x c e e d i n g l y r a r e , t h e members w e r e a l l young a n d g o o d l o o k i n g . " 5 3 M e r i t o r i o u s p l a y s , however, c o n t i n u e d t o b e ception r a t h e r than the r u l e . A Mountain P i n k , w h i c h came to C o l d w a t e r f r o m To l e d o a n d B a r t l e y C a m p b e l l ' s M y P a r t n e r which came f r o m D e t r o i t r e c e i v e d l i t t l e m e n t i o n . M c S o r l e y ' s I n f l a t i o n w a s " a l l e e samee" i n t h e The C o u r i e r remarked t h a t t h e s m a l l house was " a s l a r g e a s t h e m e r i t s o f the p l a y d e s e r v e d . " 5 5 Even A r t h u r R e h a n ' s c o m b i n a t i o n r a t e d no s p e c i a l m e n t i o n . The r e v i e w o f J o s e p h K . E m m e t i n F r i t z i n I r e l a n d i l l u s t r a t e s t h e dilemma o f the small-town t h e a t r e . " T h e great Joseph K . Emmet h a s s u n g h i s cuckoo song and spoken the l i n e s o f Fritz i n I r e l a n d ; i n Coldwater. T h e r e 53Republican, 3 1 J a n . 1 8 8 4 . i L 5 4 R e p u b l i c a n , 21 Mar. 1884. 5 5 C o u r i e r, 2 9 M a r. 1 8 8 4 . i s no �36 disguising the f a c t t h a t he i s not the F r i t z o f old. H i s voice i s f a r from being f u l l , a n d he l a c k s t h e animation he was w o n t t o h a v e i n h i s a c t i n g , a n d c a u s e s t h e p i e c e t o d r a g • • • • “56 A l t h o u g h the theatre could boast as f i n e i c a l p l a n t a s many c i t y t h e a t r e s , t h e r e v i e w e r l a m e n t e d t h a t i t continued t o a t t r a c t mostly actors past t h e i r prime and second-rate shows. The 1 8 8 4 - 8 5 s e a s o n g o t o f f t o a m o r e s a t i s f a c t o r y s t a r t . E v i d e n t l y t h e management d e c i d e d t o s i d e - s t e p t h e t r a v e l l i n g companies a n d i m p o r t i n s t e a d companies d i r e c t l y from W h i t e ' s T h e a t r e a n d W h i t n e y ' s G r a n d O p e r a House t r o i t . 5 7 T h e comments o n t h e s e c o m p a n i e s r a n g e d f r o m t e r t h a n i s u s u a l l y seen"58 t o "cyclone o f f u n . " 5 9 In t h e w i n t e r o f 1885 t h e reviewers began t o r e v e a l an i n t e r e s t i n n a t u r a l i s m . T h e J a n u a r y 8 t h p r o d u c t i o n o f K e r r y Gow i s a n e x a m p l e . The p l a y t h r o u g h o u t i s s p a r k l i n g a n d f u l l o f tions, a n d t h e t h i r d a c t i s t h e most r e a l i s t i c e v e r placed on o u r s t a g e . T h e s c e n e r e p r e s e n t s a b l a c k s m i t h s h o p w i t h K e r r y Gow a n d D e n n i s a t w o r k a t t h e f o r g e . A r u n n i n g h o r s e i s r i d d e n i n b y a j o c k e y a n d s h o d b y M r . M u r p h e y who t u r n s the s h o e i n t r u e b l a c k s m i t h s t y l e , a n d p l a c e s i t o n h e h o r s e as i f h e h a d w o r k e d a t t h e t r a d e a l l h i s l i f e . . . 56Republican, 1 0 June 1 8 8 4 . 57Republican, 2 9 Aug. 1 8 8 4 . 58Republican, 5 S e p t . 1 8 8 4 . 59Republican, 1 7 O c t . 1 0 8 4 . Republican, 1 3 Jan. 1 8 8 5 . �3 The p r e s s ' s p l e a f o r c l a s s i c a l d r a m a w a s s a t i s f i e d i n March when W i l l i a m S t a f f o r d - - t h e b o y t r a g e d i a n - - a n d E v e l y n F o s t e r s t a r r e d i n Romeo a n d J u l i e t . " T h o s e w h o a t t e n d e d t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f Romeo a n d J u l i e t b y t h e S t a f f o r d pany a t T i b b i t s O p e r a House Monday n i g h t , r e t i r e d p e r f e c t l y s a t i s f i e d . " " T h e r e was no r e g r e t t i n g t h e p r i c e the r e v i e w e r , " t h e goods w e r e f u l l y a s g o o d , i f not a t r i f l e better than represented; a l l wool and a yard wide."61 W i l l i a m S c a n l a n was t h e o n l y a c t o r i n t h e c o m b i n a t i o n companies who c o n s i s t e n t l y d r e w l a r g e h o u s e s d u r i n g bits years. H e appeared a t t h e Opera House seven t i m e s a n d always a t t r a c t e d a l a r g e f o l l o w i n g . T h e Banker's Daughter was p l a y e d t h r e e t i m e s w h i l e A M e s s e n g e r f r o m J a r v i s S e c t i o n , A Mountain P i n k , a n d Cheek were each played t w i c e . I t ' s not c l e a r whether these were u n u s u a l l y popular plays i n Coldwater, or i f t h e y were merely what was a v a i l a b l e . Repertory Companies R e p e r t o r y companies a p p a r e n t l y ways p o p u l a r i n C o l d w a t e r . T h e p u b l i c seemed t o b e a t t r a c t e d not o n l y b y t h e reasonable admission p r i c e s b u t a l s o b y t h e opportunity t o see f a m i l i a r actors perform a v a r i e t y o f roles. Many r e p e r t o r y c o m p a n i e s r e t u r n e d t o C o l d w a t e r a g a i n a n d again. W a i t e s ' U n i o n S q u a r e C o m e d y C o m p a n y, s t a r r i n g C o r a Neilson and J . W. C a r n e r, appeared a t t h e Opera House t h r e e 61Republican, 1 0 A p r i l 1885. �3 times d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. T h i s company n o t formed a t t h e t h e a t r e d u r i n g t h e e v e n i n g h o u r s , b u t vided " s t r e e t music" d u r i n g t h e d a y. 6 2 The c o m p a n y ' s t o r y i n c l u d e d H a z e l K i r k , R i p Va n W i n k l e , I n g o m a r , C o n f u s i o n , The F r e n c h S p y , S o l o n S h i n g l e , E n o c h A r d e n , S h a d o w s o f a Life, Carrots, Inshavogue, Caste, and Rosedal. i t y o f t h e company c a n b e s e e n i n t h i s R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w . Veni, V i d i , V i c i , i s what J a s . R . Wa i t e c a n w i t h t r u t h say he d i d w i t h h i s e x c e l l e n t U n i o n Square C o m b i n a t i o n i n t h i s c i t y l a s t week. I t was t h e most s u c c e s s f u l week's engagement e v e r played h e r e . W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of Mr. Wa i t e , who was here about seven years ago w i t h C e c i l Rush, t h e company was unknown, b u t a f t e r t h e f i r s t night t h e y were established f a v o r i t e s and t h e tinued t o increase, and Saturday evening w i t h i n h a l f an hour a f t e r t h e doors were open t h e t r e a s u r e r was s e l l i n g standing room o n l y, and before t h e c u r t a i n went u p a t l e a s t 2 0 0 p e o p l e h a d b e e n t u r n e d a w a y. 6 3 The J o l l y P a t h f i n d e r s ( l a t e r called Combination), and the A. O. M i l l e r Combination each appeared twice d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management o f t h e Opera House. frow s p e c i a l t y was a v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t e n t i t l e d S c r a p s . While a d m i t t i n g t h a t t h e show was f u n n y t h e cluded t h a t " t h e r e i s n o t t h a t r e a l enjoyment t h a t ences i n some g o o d s o l i d drama c o n t a i n i n g b o t h m i r t h ment, f r a u g h t w i t h e v e r y d a y e x p e r i e n c e s , a n d f r o m w h i c h good and u s e f u l l e s s o n s m a y b e l e a r n e d . " 6 4 6 2 C o u r i e r, 2 8 F e b . 1 8 8 5 . 6 6 'Republican, 3 Mar. 1 8 8 5 . Republican, 2 0 Oct. 1832. The A . O . �3 b i n a t i o n a t t r a c t e d s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n because a l o c a l g i r l - - w a s a t o n e t i m e a member o f t h e C o m p a n y. 6 5 Fogg's F e r r y Combination, T h e M o r t i m e r and Weaver S t a r D r a m a t i c C o . , a n d t h e Owen F a w c e t t Company e a c h p l a y e d one e n g a g e m e n t . T h e s e c o m p a n i e s s p e c i a l i z e d i n c o m e d i e s a n d generally pleased t h e i r audiences. T h e e x c e p t i o n was t h e S t a r Company w h i c h was f o r c e d t o c a n c e l i n m i d - w e e k b e c a u s e of poor attendance.66 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n tracted good audiences. H o w e v e r, f e w escaped t h e c a u s t i c tongues o f t h e newspaper r e v i e w e r s who a p p a r e n t l y d i d n o t c a r e f o r t h e U n c l e To m s h o w s . I n December o f 1 8 8 2 t h e C o u r i e r g r u d g i n g l y a n n o u n c e d t h e b o o k i n g o f a n U n c l e To m C o m p a n y. "We k n e w i t w o u l d c o m e s o o n e r o r l a t e r , b u t h a v e p r a y e d t h a t the c a l a m i t y m i g h t b e a v e r t e d . O u r prayers have been i n v a i n and w e w i l l h a v e t o s u b m i t t o t h e i n e v i t a b l e . A n U n c l e To m p a r t y i s booked a t t h e Opera House f o r sometime i n J a n u a r y. " Not t o b e o u t d o n e , t h e R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r added t i o n s o n D o u b l e U n c l e To m C o m p a n i e s s o m e t i m e l a t e r . " W e u n d e r s t a n d t h a t l a t e l y a n o t h e r " To p s y " a n d " M a r k s " h a v e b e e n born t o t h e p i e c e , b u t we cannot imagine what t h e y want o f 65 Republican, 2 May 1882. 66Republican, 1 3 Mar. 1 8 8 5 . 67 C o u r i e r , 2 D e c . 1 8 8 2 . 6 �4 them," h e s a i d . " T h i s company a l s o h a v e d o n k e y s , n o w t h i s is a g o o d i d e a , a s a g e n e r a l t h i n g U n c l e To m a c t o r s g e t t i r e d before t h e end o f t h e season and need something o f t h i s k i n d to g e t t h e m o n a n d o f f t h e s t a g e , e v e n t h e n we presume some w i l l be too t i r e d to stick to t h e i r lines."68 Despite press r i d i c u l e t h r e e U n c l e To m c o m p a n i e s - - S m i t h ' s D o u b l e U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n y , D r a p e r ' s D o u b l e M a m m o t h U n c l e T o m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n y, a n d t h e O r i g i n a l B o s t o n I d e a l U n c l e T o m ' s C a b i n Company- - i n v a d e d t h e c i t y d u r i n g M a y o r T i b b i t s ' t e n u r e . One h u n d r e d a n d e l e v e n p l a y s w e r e p e r f o r m e d d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. F e w t i t l e s were repeated, however the largest majority o f the dramatic material presented can be c l a s s i f i e d a s c o m e d y. A l t h o u g h t h e l o c a l for theatre w i t h substance, apparently i t e i t h e r was able o r d i d n o t appeal t o t h e p u b l i c . Visiting Stars S t a r s d i d a p p e a l t o t h e c o m m u n i t y. H o w e v e r , m a n y were h e s i t a n t t o a p p e a r i n a s m a l l t o w n w i t h o u t a f i n a n c i a l guarantee. L o c a l c a p i t a l i s t s had not y e t begun w r i t e t h e i m p o r t a t i o n o f s t a r s s o T i b b i t s was c a u g h t between the p u b l i c ' s d e s i r e f o r name t a l e n t a n d t h e i r u n w i l l i n g n e s s to p a y t h e p r i c e . T h o m a s Keene, a l e a d i n g t r a g e d i a n , w r o t e to T i b b i t s " I have n e v e r p l a y e d f o r l e s s t h a n $ 1 . 0 0 68Republican, 9 Jan. 1 8 8 3 . �4 r e s e r v e d s e a t s a n d c a n n o t commence i n C o l d w a t e r . " Tibbits often waited f o r stars t o appear i n Detroit and t h e n a t t e m p t e d t o p e r s u a d e t h e m t o " s t o p o v e r " o n t h e way t o C h i c a g o . T h i s w a s t h e c a s e w i t h R o l a n d R e e d , w h o m a d e three appearances a t t h e T i b b i t s Opera House.70 two o c c a s i o n s h e a p p e a r e d i n C h e e k . H i s On t h e f i r s t performance i n December o f 1 8 8 4 , "was one o f t h e f u n n i e s t t h i n g s ever p r e s e n t e d t o t h e p e o p l e o f Coldwater."71 Maggie M i t c h e l l made t w o a p p e a r a n c e s . W h e n p e a r e d i n 1 8 8 3 i n F a n c h o n t o a SRO c r o w d s h e h a d s u c h a severe c o l d t h e r e v i e w e r s c o u l d o n l y agree t h a t s h e was "plucky" t o perform and t h a t t h e y were " g r a t e f u l f o r deavors t o p l e a s e . " 7 2 When s h e a p p e a r e d a g a i n i n T h e P e a r l of Savoy i n 1884, t h e Courier wrote "The charming actress was in excellent s p i r i t s and did f u l l justice t o her ing t h e c h a r a c t e r o f M a r i e i n a r e m a r k a g l y e f f e c t i v e m a n n e r, while h e r support was d e c i d e d l y above t h e average."73 T h e Republican, however, was l e s s g a l l a n t . ner i n which t h i s l i t t l e " T h e l a d y preserves h e r 69 Republican, 2 7 M a r . 1 8 8 3 . 70Republican, 1 6 Dec. 1 8 8 4 . 71 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 3 D e c . 1 8 8 4 . 72Republican, 1 9 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . " C o u r i e r, 1 Mar. 1884. �MI\ 42 ance i s r e a l l y wonderful."74 Thomas K e e n e a p p e a r e d i n 1 8 8 3 i n R i c h a r d I I I turned i n 1885 t o p o r t r a y Macbeth. T h e Republican wrote " M r. Keene's performance r i n Richard I I g was c e r t a i n l y a finished one, a n d j u s t l y e n t i t l e s h i m t o t h e p o s i t i o n h e o c c u p i e s i n the f r o n t r a n k . H e i s a c a r e f u l and c o r r e c t dresser, a good reader, a n d h i s f a c i a l expressions and a c t i n g g i v e t o h i s audience a grand conception o f t h i s g r a t e acter."75 T h e reviewers d i d n ' t agree about h i s p o r t r a y a l o f Macbeth. T h e Courier labeled i t a "grand rendition,"76 while the R e p u b l i c a n s a i d h e " f a i l e d t o g i v e a s good s a t i s f a c t i o n as o n h i s p r e v i o u s v i s i t . " 7 7 The M a d i s o n S q u a r e T h e a t r e C o m p a n y made ances d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. F o r t h e i r production o f Esmeralda i n 1 8 8 2 t h e y brought i n V i o l a A l l e n . W h e n turned i n 1883 t o perform Hazel K i r k , l e a d i n g r o l e s were taken b y E. L . Davenport's sons H a r r y and E . L . , Jr. V i o l a Allen"gave p e r f e c t s a t i s f a c t i o n and proved h e r s e l f taking a r t i s t . " 7 8 The D a v e n p o r t b r o t h e r s " d r e s s a n d l o o k t h e i r p a r t s w e l l , b u t we f e a r t h e y w i l l n e v e r r e a c h t h e h i g h 74Republican, 1 9 Feb. 1884. 75Republican, 1 0 A p r i l 1883. 76Courier, 1 6 May 1 8 8 5 . 77Republican, 1 9 May 1885. 78Republican, 2 7 Oct. 1 8 8 2 . �43 position i n the histrionic a r t held by their father, the l a t e E. L . D a v e n p o r t . " 7 9 The F r e n c h a c t r e s s R h e a p r o v e d s u c h a n a t t r a c t i o n that special excursion trains brought people from rounding towns o f H i l l s d a l e , J o n e s v i l l e , A l l e n and Quincy t o see h e r p e r f o r m a n c e o f Y v o n n e . 8 0 The R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r w a s impressed w i t h h e r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e t o t a l p r o d u c t i o n . M l l e . R h e a i s a f a s c i n a t i n g l i t t l e woman, w i t h a b r i g h t beautiful face f u l l o f expression, and an exceedingly g r a c e f u l f o r m . H e r costumes were t h e most m a g n i f i c e n t ever seen upon o u r s t a g e . S h e i s a p a i n s t a k i n g a r t i s t and e m p l o y e d t h e t i m e u s u a l l y s p e n t b y s t a r s i n s l e e p i n g , a t t h e Opera House g i v i n g suggestions a s t o t h e s t a g e setting, which she complimented a s being o f t h e f i n e s t the new p l a y h a s r e c e i v e d . 8 1 S o l S m i t h R u s s e l l a n d Denman Thompson b o t h r e c e i v e d warm r e c e p t i o n s . W h i l e a s s e r t i n g t h a t R u s s e l l ' s v e h i c l e , Edgewood F o l k s , h a d l i t t l e t o recommend i t , t h e newspapers appreciated h i s comic s p e c i a l t i e s and agreed t h a t t h e b e s t p a r t o f h i s performance was " t h a t h e seems t o b e a s much pleased as h i s audience."82 Denman T h o m p s o n a p p e a l e d t o t h e reviewers because h i s c h a r a c t e r i n Joshua Whitcomb was "Neither overdrawn nor strained."83 79Republican, 6 A p r i l 1883. 80Republican, 2 3 Sept. 1 8 8 4 . 81Republican, 2 3 Sept. 1 8 8 4 . 82Republican, 11 A p r i l 1884. 8 3 C o u r i e r, 1 , N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 84Republican, 11 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . The R e p u b l i c a n s u m m a r i z e d �41 the Thompson s t y l e a s " a p p e a l i n g t o t h e s y m p a t h y o f ence w h i l e e x e r t i n g h i s p o w e r t o a m u s e . " 8 4 Concerts The O p e r a H o u s e a l s o s e r v e d a s t h e l o c a l c o n c e r t h a l l . While a t t r a c t i n g f e w musicians o f n a t i o n a l s t a t u r e , b i t s housed performances b y a number o f t r a v e l l i n g musicians and c h a m b e r g r o u p s . V o c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s , b o t h a m a t e u r a n d professional, were always popular. O r c h e s t r a l groups were well received as long as they avoided playing a l o t sical music. Instrumental entertainments were dominated b y v i o l i n virtuosos. I n May o f 1883 Camilla Urso performed f o r a pleased audience. " W i t h h e r t h e r e i s n o i n g a n d g r a n d f l o u r i s h s o common w i t h n o t e d the s w e e t e s t m u s i c seems t o come d i r e c t f r o m h e r own s o u l . " The r e v i e w c o n t i n u e d " S h e i s p e r f e c t m a s t e r o f h e r v i o l i n a n d to h e r d e l i c a t e , e x q u i s i t e t o u c h i t responds i n t h e ing and captivating strains."85 performed a t t h e T i b b i t s . The c e l e b r a t e d R e m e n y i a l s o H o w e v e r, m u c h t o t h e d i s g u s t o f t h e Republican r e v i e w e r, t h e people s t a y e d home. T h e Republican wrote "we g r e a t l y f e a r t h a t Manager T i b b i t s i n o r d e r ize any great wealth, w i l l have t o r e s o r t t o p i n k t i g h t s and 84Republican, 11 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 85 C o u r i e r, 2 6 M a y 1 8 8 3 . �L1 spectacular p l a y s ,,86 Vocal e n t e r t a i n m e n t s w e r e more p o p u l a r w i t h t h e p u b l i c . The S p a n i s h S t u d e n t s , a m u s i c a l n o v e l t y c o m p a n y, m a d e pearances.87 The S w e d i s h L a d y Q u a r t e t t e p r o m i s e d a n e v e n i n g o f "humor, t r a g e d y, f u n and music." T h e reviewer's ment o n t h i s w a s t h a t " M i s s E l i e l g a v e a n u m b e r o f recitations in two d i ff e r e n t dresses and a very loud voice."88 Other musical entertainments included a "Grand Juvenile Musical F e s t i v a l " b y the McGibeny Family89 and a turing Clara Louise Kellogg, contralto.90 The l a d i e s o f St. Marks C h u r c h f r e q u e n t l y sponsored c o n c e r t s b y ists, o f which t h e most n o t a b l e group was t h e Mendelssohn Quintette Club o f Boston.91 Related Theatrical A c t i v i t y During t h e y e a r s o f t h e T i b b i t s ' management t h e Opera House p r o v i d e d s p a c e f o r many p u b l i c f u n c t i o n s sional drama and concerts. T h i s mayor o f C o l d w a t e r d u r i n g p a r t may have occurred because a s o f t h i s p e r i o d T i b b i t s was i n 8 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 9 N o v. 1 8 8 3 . 87 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 2 D e c . 1 8 8 2 ; a n d 1 F e b . 1 8 8 4 . 88Republican, 1 6 Feb. 1883. 89Republican, 2 9 Feb. 1884. 9 0 R e p u b 11 c a n , 2 3 N o v . 1 8 8 3 . 91Republican, 1 A p r i l 1 8 8 4 . a �46 position to channel other activities into the theatre. M o r e l i k e l y, t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s recognized t h e Opera House a s t h e only sizable and comfortable p u b l i c h a l l rate, t h e Tibbits provided the s i t e i n town. A t any f o r lectures, minstrels, v a r i e t y shows, dances, p o l i t i c a l meetings, panarama optican e x h i b i t i o n s , w r e s t l i n g matches, r e -unions t i o n s , h i g h s c h o o l commencement a n d a n i m a l a c t s a s w e l l a s legitimate drama. Lecture and Elocutionists P r i o r to 1884, the residents o f Coldwater enjoyed an occasional l e c t u r e , b u t t h e r e were no lecture courses. I n 1883 Edwin Lee Brown, t h e President o f the A m e r i c a n Humane S o c i e t y , g a v e a l e c t u r e o n " C r u e l t y t o Animals."92 That same y e a r Miss H e l e n P o t t e r , a r e a d e r and i m p e r s o n a t o r, s t o p p e d a t C o l d w a t e r l a t e i n April while en route t o Colorado t o g i v e a b e n e f i t performance f o r S c h o o l . 9 3 D u r i n g t h a t s u m m e r, A l l e n T i b b i t s ( B a r t ' s f a t h e r ) gave a l e c t u r e o n " T h e O r i g i n o f t h e A b o r i g i n e s o f N o r t h America" t o commemorate t h e a n n i v e r s a r y o f t h e ever preached i n Coldwater.94 In August o f the f o l l o w i n g y e a r M i s s I d a H a t t o n a s k e d " W h a t S h a l l We D o t o b e S a v e d ? " 9 5 9 2 C o u r i e r, 2 2 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 93Republican, 2 4 A p r i l 1883. 94Republican, 3 J u l y 168:i. 95Republican, 1 9 Aug. 1 8 8 4 . �1 I n t h e 1 8 8 4 - 8 5 s e a s o n t h e l o c a l Y. M . C . A . o r g a n i z e d t h e i r f i r s t l e c t u r e s e r i e s . L i k e f u t u r e "courses" sisted not o n l y o f lectures b u t also concerts. T h e lectures included John B . Gough, who discussed " P e c u l i a r P e o p l e " ; 9 6 James W h i t c o m b R i l e y , w h o r e a d some o f h i s p o e t r y ; 9 7 M i s s Anna E v a F a y , w i t h a l e c t u r e o n s p i r i t u a l i s m ; 9 8 a n d S t u a r t Rogers, a p o p u l a r i m p e r s o n a t o r. 9 9 M i n s t r e l s T h e Frohman b r o t h e r s , who w i t h o t h e r s sible l a t e r f o r the formation o f the Theatrical Syndicate, f i r s t v e n t u r e d i n t o Coldwater i n October o f 1882 Callender M i n s t r e l s performed a t t h e Opera House. p u b l i c a n r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e i r show " e c l i p s e d a n y t h i n g o f t h e kind e v e r g i v e n i n t h e c i t y . " T h e r e v i e w e r went o n cribe t h e i n s t r u m e n t a l music a s " f i r s t c l a s s " and 100 ing as " f a r b e t t e r than i s g e n e r a l l y h e a r d . " senting the f i n e s t m i n s t r e l s h o w t o d a t e , presented h i s company f o r a f r e e p e r f o r m a n c e f o r t h e c h i l d r e n and t e a c h e r s o f t h e S t a t e S c h o o l i n C o l d w a t e r . W i t h b i n a t i o n o f q u a l i t y a n d p h i l a n t h r o p y, i t ' s n o t s u r p r i s i n g 9 6 C o u r i e r, 2 2 N o v. 1 8 8 4 . 97Republican, 3 Feb. 1 8 8 5 . 98 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 M a r . 1 8 8 5 . 9 9 C o u r i e r, 2 1 F e b . 1 8 8 5 . 10 ° R e p u b l i c a n , 3 1 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . �4 t h a t Frohman-managed p l a y s w e r e a l w a y s w e l l r e c e i v e d when they p l a y e d i n Coldwater. Numerous m i n s t r e l c o m p a n i e s a p p e a r e d i n C o l d w a t e r d u r i n g t h e T i b b i t s y e a r s . B a i r d ' s Mammoth peared once i n 1883 and a g a i n i n 1884.101 The B o s t o n a t i c M i n s t r e l s a n d T h a t c h e r, Primrose a n d West b i n a t i o n e a c h made a s i n g l e a p p e a r a n c e i n 1 8 8 2 . 1 0 2 I n 1883, The N e w O r l e a n s M i n s t r e l s , D u p r e z a n d B e n e d i c t - tic M i n s t r e l s , Morrison and H a l l ' s Gigantic Consolidated Minstrels, and Haverly's Minstrels appeared. 103 M o s t notable of these was H a v e r l y ' s which advertised $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 a c t i n g dogs."104 Hi Henry's Superb Operatic M i n s t r e l s closed o u t the 1 8 8 4 season w h i l e t h e G e o r g i a M i n s t r e l s a p p e a r e d l a t e in 1885.105 Variety and Vaudeville T h e Humpty Dumpty S p e c i a l t y t r o u p e s were t h e o n l y v a r i e t y a c t s t o a p p e a r i n C o l d w a t e r d u r i n g M a y o r T i b b i t s ' management. T h e s e extravaganzas i n c o r p o r a t e d many elements o f t h e E n g l i s h H a r l e q u i n show i n t o a n e n t e r t a i n m e n t which f e a t u r e d a c r o b a t i c s , j u g g l i n g a n d f a r c e . T h e To n y 101Republican, 1 3 Feb. 1 8 8 3 ; C o u r i e r, 1 7 May 1 8 8 4 . 102Republicaa, 2 6 Sept. 1882; a n d 31 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 103Republican, 1 6 Jan. 1 8 8 3 ; 2 4 A p r i l 1883; 5 O c t . 1883; 1 6 M a r . 1 8 8 3 . lo4Republican; 1 6 Mar. 1 8 8 3 . 105 Republican, 1 3 June 1884; and C o u r i e r, 2 3 May 1885. �L1. D e n i e r Company s t o p p e d o f f w h i l e e n r o u t e f r o m D e t r o i t cago i n A p r i l o f 1 8 8 3 . 1 0 6 The r e v i e w i n d i c a t e d t h a t " t h e piece was rushed through regardless o f e v e r y t h i n g , e x c e p t to make t h e 1 1 : 5 5 t r a i n w h i c h was t o c o n v e y them cago."107 I n November o f 1 8 8 3 a n d a g a i n i n March o f 1 8 8 5 , the George H . Adams t r o u p e p l a y e d i n C o l d w a t e r b u t a p p a r e n t l y weren't enthusiastically received.108 Miscellaneous I n the f i r s t struction o f the theatre, dancing p a r t i e s . T h e several years following i t was f r e q u e n t l y u t i l i z e d f o r first party i n t h e Opera House vember 2 9 , 1 8 8 2 a s k e d a n a d m i s s i o n f e e o f o n e d o l l a r p e r couple.109 Four more dances a n d a masquerade p a r t y were h e l d that f i r s t season. T h e f o l l o w i n g season included dance a n d o n e m a s q u e r a d e p a r t y , a l l poorly attended. T h e Republican suggested t h e reason f o r t h e p o o r attendance: "Coldwater s o c i e t y i s d i v i d e d u p t o o much i n t o c l i q u e s . " 1 1 0 The O p e r a H o u s e f r e q u e n t l y s e r v e d a s a r a l l y i n g p l a c e for political orators. 106Republican, 107 Republican, E a r l y i n 1882, General William H. 24 A p r i l 1 8 8 3 . 8 May 1883. 108Republican, 30 N o v. 1883; a n d 2 7 M a r . 1 8 8 5 . 109Repub1ican, 28 N o v . 1882. 11 0 R e p u b l i c a n , 12 J a n . 1883. �50 Gibson r e n t e d t h e Opera House t o address c i t i z e n s o n " t h e p o l i t i c a l i s s u e s o f t h e d a y, " 111 a n d i n November o f t h a t year H. C . Hodge, t h e c o a l i t i o n candidate f o r Congress s p o k e . 11 2 I n 1884, t h e T i b b i t s was t h e s i t e o f a Republican p o l i t i c a l meeting f e a t u r i n g Senator Conger and one S . M . C u t c h e o n . 11 3 The T i b b i t s a l s o p r e s e n t e d a n u m b e r o f " i l l u s t r a t e d lectures," but i t ' s n o t always c l e a r what devices created t h e "dissolving views" and "mechanical e f f e c t s . " T h e o f t h i s s o r t w a s t h e H a r t w i g -Seeman C o m b i n a t i o n . publican, r e p o r t e d t h a t "The d i s s o l v i n g views were g r a n d beyond description; t h e scenic and mechanical e f f e c t s produced were startlingly realistic." 11T h e d e s c r i p t i o n seems t o i m p l y that t h i s entertainment u t i l i z e d the stereoptican. I n November o f 1 8 8 2 , L . F. Wheeler presented a travelogue e n t i t l e d " I l l u m i n a t e d Rambles i n F o r e i g n L a n d s . " 11 5 Just how t h e y were " i l l u m i n a t e d " was n o t r e v e a l e d i n cal papers. I n 1884 Hildebrand's Exposition presented "The Reformed O u t l a w , " a l e c t u r e " I l l u s t r a t e d b y o v e r l i k e and r e a l i s t i c scenes i n 1600 f e e t o f canvas" 111 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 0 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 11 2 R e p u b l i c a n , 7 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . 11 3 R e p u b l i c a n , 3 0 O c t . 1 8 8 4 . 11 4 R e p u b l i c a n , 3 1 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 11 5 R e p u b l i c a n , 3 N o v. 1 8 8 2 . �5 ized a "panarama s t y l e . 6 " S i n c e s u c h a s m a l l amount vas was u t i l i z e d i t may b e assumed t h a t t h e s c e n e s vealed t o t h e audience i n a cartoon- l i k e progression. I n A p r i l o f 1 8 8 5 H e r b e r t Wo o d L e a c h u t i l i z e d t h e s t e r e o p t i c a n in h i s l e c t u r e on the a r c t i c . 11 7 The t h e a t r e a l s o s e r v e d a s t h e s i t e f o r similar activities as a wrestling match,18 a reception f o r a l o c a l man f o u n d i n n o c e n t o f a c h a r g e g o f a r s o n , 11 9 a n d union o f Loomis' B a t t e r y G.A.R. 120 H i g h S c h o o l Commencement became a n a n n u a l e v e n t b e g i n n i n g i n 1 8 8 5 . 1 2 1 I n August o f 1883 a t r o u p e o f d o g s p e r f o r m e d o n t h e T i b b i t s s t a g e . 122 Amateur P r o d u c t i o n s In t h e w i n t e r f o l l o w i n g t h e completion o f t h e Opera House t h e R e p u b l i c a n e d i t o r i a l i z e d " N o w i s t h e t i m e ganize a n amateur d r a m a t i c a s s o c i a t i o n . " A l t h o u g h dently w a s no formal association during the years b i t s ' management, a t l e a s t one amateur d r a m a t i c p r o d u c t i o n 11 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 6 M a y 1 8 8 4 . 11 7 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 4 A p r i l 1 8 8 5 . 118. R e p u b l i c a n , 1 0 M a r . 1 8 8 5 . 11 9 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 0 O c t . 1 8 8 2 . 1 2 0 C o u r i e r, 2 3 May 1 8 8 5 . 121 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 5 J u n e 1 8 8 3 . 122Republican, 2 8 Aug. 1 8 8 3 . �52 was m o u n t e d e a c h y e a r . In the spring a group o f o f 1 8 8 3 , P r o f . G e o r g e W. K l o c k d i r e c t e d local people i n a production o f H.M.S. P i n a f o r e with settings designed by L. B. Chevalier. year Andersonville, o r for the benefit the L i g h t Guard. o f T h e following the Scout's Last Shot was performed T h e that t h e drama "needs considerable pruning" and t h a t t h e playwright should "guard against inclination to preach."123 The C o u r i e r w a s m o r e c h a r i t a b l e w h e n t h e y p r i n t e d " T h e p l a y is put upon the stage i n fine s t y l e and the b e a u t i f u l , w h i l e t h e c h a r a c t e r s b y o u r home t a l e n t a r e w e l l sustained. 124 In 1885, P r o f . Klock directed l o c a l Chimes o f N o r m a n d y. T h i s amateur attempts. T h e talent was b e t t e r received t h a n previous Republican wrote t h a t the production drew "immense a u d i e n c e s " a n d t h a t " I t was remarked b y man a c c u s t o m e d t o t h e b e s t m u s i c a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s largest c i t i e s , that i n The a better i n the d r i l l e d chorus was r a r e l y heard in the most pretentious operas."125 The C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d that t h e s o l o p a r t s were "exceedingly w e l l rendered."126 The O p e r a H o u s e w a s a l s o t h e s i t e 123Republican, 2 0 Feb. 1885. 124Courier, 2 1 F e b . 1 8 8 5 . 125 -RePublican, 12 M a y 1 8 8 5 . 126Courier, 9 May 1 8 8 5 . o f �5 ments f e a t u r i n g o r c h e s t r a and band, v o c a l a n d i n s t r u m e n t a l solos, and readings and recitations. N o t a b l e among these groups was t h e S t . C e c e l i a Musicale, w h i c h f e a t u r e d s i x t e e n girls from Union C i t y singing classical music, and frequent entertainments b y the St. Mark ladies. B u t t e r w o r t h Post o f the G . A . R . g a v e a t a l e n t show.127 Synopsis The m u l t i p l i c i t y val o f o f function necessary f o r a s m a l l t o w n Opera House was r e c o g n i z e d e a r l y b y B a r t T i b b i t s , who saw t h e O p e r a H o u s e a s a n a l l - p u r p o s e Even i n well. i t s f a c i l i t y. e a r l i e s t years the Ti b b i t s served the community W i t h i n a one week span an i n d i v i d u a l might go t o t h e Opera House t o s e e a p l a y , h e a r a r e c i t a l , c h e e r o n publican p a r t y, boo a t i m i d w r e s t l e r, and on a c e r t a i n week even w a t c h h i s s o n o r d a u g h t e r p a r t i c i p a t e i n High School Commencement e x e r c i s e s . B e s i d e s l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a b i t s f r e q u e n t l y housed l e c t u r e s , m i n s t r e l shows, c o n c e r t s , dances, p o l i t i c a l r a l l i e s and readings. U p o n occasion the local people also chose the theatre as the site tions and reunions, animal a c t s and magic shows. pendix B, Ta b l e #4) financially i n T h e (See T i b b i t s ' e x i s t e n c e was threatened 1885 when f a l l i n g attendance and h i s carious f i n a n c i a l p o s i t i o n forced Bart Tibbits 127Republicon, 8 Feb. 1884. to �5 the t h e a t r e . T h e r e was t a l k o f c o n v e r t i n g t h e f a c i l i t y i n t o a r o l l e r m i l l b u t t h e p r e s s mounted a campaign t o s a v e t h e Opera H o u s e . T h e l o c a l people might have been able pense w i t h a f a c i l i t y w h i c h h o u s e d o n l y l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a b u t the l o s s o f t h e T i b b i t s w o u l d have a l s o meant t h e l o s s o f a concert h a l l , v a r i e t y house, l e c t u r e h a l l and public h a l l as w e l l . Although a p r i v a t e l y owned t h e a t r e , t h e tioned more l i k e a public institution. T i b b i t s encouraged the p u b l i c t o u s e t h e Opera House b y making i t a v a i l a b l e t o private groups a t reasonable r a t e s . T h i s , coupled with the amateur entertainments presented i n t h e T i b b i t s , m a y have given t h e l o c a l p e o p l e a somewhat p o s s e s s i v e f e e l i n g f o r t h e Tibbits Opera House. A t any rate, by the close o f the 1885 season t h e f a c i l i t y h a d become i m p o r t a n t enough t h a t w h i l e i t was regarded as " a n elephant upon i t s owner's hands" t h e community c o u l d n o t l o o k d i s p a s s i o n a t e l y upon c l o s i n g t h e theatre and turning the building into a r o l l e r m i l l . �Chapter I I I JOSEPH H E N N I N G Y E A R S , J U L Y 1 8 8 5 - J U N E 1 8 9 4 Theatre a n d management In the l a t t e r part o f June 1885, Joseph chased t h e O p e r a House f o r $ 1 3 , 0 0 0 . N e w s p a p e r a c c o u n t s o f the p u r c h a s e s a i d t h a t B a r t T i b b i t s w o u l d c o n t i n u e t o manage the t h e a t r e . 1 Very l i t t l e i s known a b o u t t h e German s a l o o n - k e e p e r who o w n e d t h e T i b b i t s first mentioned members o f brate h i s i n f o r a t l e a s t t w o decades. H e n n i n g was t h e l o c a l newspapers i n 1879 t h e German Benevolent A s s o c i a t i o n helped f o r t i e t h birthday.2 Another reference i n dicates t h a t he may have immigrated t o Coldwater from Witten, G e r m a n y. 3 The N e w Y o r k D r a m a t i c N e w s p r i n t e d a s t o r y 1 The C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n , 2 7 J u n e 1 8 8 5 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o C o u r i e r. 2The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n , 2 2 A p r i l 1 8 7 9 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened lican. 3Republican, 2 7 May 1884. 5 footnote �5 veals something o f Henning's n a i v e d e t e r m i n a t i o n t o make a success o f t h e O p e r a House. A M r. We b b e r, manager o f i n g company t h a t h a d come t o C o l d w a t e r , t o l d H e n n i n g h e n e e d e d a brace o f revolvers for a c e r t a i n scene i n the p l a y and t h e former volunteered t o go o u t and borrow them. M r . Webber hastily wrote on a piece o f paper "2 32 c a l i b e r revolvers" and g a v e i t t o t h e Opera House o w n e r. I n n i n g r e t u r n e d a n d s e t down a b a s k e t , 3 / 4 an hour or f u l l o f revolvers of a l l d e s c r i p t i o n s , b e f o r e t h e a s t o n i s h e d manager- a c t o r. "Mein G o t t : M r . V e b b e r , y o u h a f g i f f e n me a b i g j o b . is a quiet place, and I D i s don't t i n k dere's 232 refolfers in de w h o l e t o w n . " 4 By t h e F a l l o f 1886 C . L . H u n t e r had ment o f t h e T i b b i t s . 5 H u n t e r h a d b e e n a r e s i d e n t o f C o l d w a t e r since 1 8 7 0 . P r i o r to t h i s he had traveled with three o r four theatrical troupes which featured N. C . F o r r i s t e r, l e r and others. A strong promoter o f amateur t h e a t r i c a l s i n t h e c o m m u n i t y, h e r e t a i n e d h i s o f f i c i a l a p p o i n t m e n t manager f o r l e s s t h a n a y e a r , f o r i n the spring o f 1887 he left for California.6 George W. K l o c k , t h e l o c a l b a n a l e a d e r a n d a d i r e c t o r 4Courier, 1 0 Aug. 1 8 8 9 , p . 8. 5Courier, 2 O c t . 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . All biographical information on Hunter i s taken from Republican, 1 8 Mar. 1 8 8 7 . 6pourier, 1 9 Mar. 1 8 8 7 , p . 5. �5 o f l o c a l t a l e n t , t o o k o v e r t h e management f r o m s p r i n g o f 1 8 8 7 to O c t o b e r o f 1 8 8 9 . 7 T h e n , b e s e i g e d w i t h t i e s , H e n n i n g t o o k o v e r t h e management h i m s e l f , p u t t i n g h i s d a u g h t e r, H u l d a h , i n c h a r g e o f t h e b o x o f f i c e . 8 B y o f 1 8 9 1 , H u l d a h Henning had i n f a c t become manager o f t h e Opera H o u s e . 9 A f e m a l e manager was a r a r i t y. However, both the community and t h e t h e a t r i c a l b o o k i n g agents f i e d w i t h Miss Henning's business acumen. m a n a g e r o f t h e P a u l K a u v a r c o m p a n y, w r o t e i n N o v. 2 0 , 1 8 9 1 : " . . . Yo u a r e t h e f i r s t a l e t t e r dated lady I have do b u s i n e s s w i t h a n d a l l o w m e t o c o n g r a t u l a t e y o u o n b e i n g a thorough business person."10 I n May o f 1892 t h e C o u r i e r wrote " D u r i n g t h e s e a s o n M i s s H e n n i n g h a s g i v e n amusement lovers some v e r y f i n e e n t e r t a i n m e n t s a n d proposes to g i v e s t i l l b e t t e r a t t r a c t i o n s , some o f which a r e a l r e a d y booked. D u r i n g h e r management o f t h e O p e r a House s h e h a s displayed unusual business t a c t and shrewdness a n d ing to the public in the selection & h a l h a s showed u n u s u a l l y good judgment o f attractions."11 The C o u r i e r a s s e r t e d that Huldah was " p r o b a b l y t h e youngest Opera House manager 7Courier, 1 2 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 8Courier, 1 2 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 ; a n d 2 4 Aug. 1 8 8 9 , p . 9 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 0 N o v. 1 8 9 1 . 10 Republican, 2 0 N o v. 1 8 9 1 . Courier, 2 1 May 1892, p . 8. 1. �5 in the country and t h e o n l y successful female o n e . " 1 2 M i s s Henning m a r r i e d M r . J o h n T. J a c k s o n i n March o f 1 8 9 4 , 1 3 a n d b y J u n e o f t h a t y e a r J a c k s o n h a d assumed t h e management o f the T i b b i t s . Immediately upon assuming ownership o f t h e O p e r a House i n 1 8 8 5 , J o s e p h H e n n i n g b e g a n t o c o n v e r t t h e f r o n t p a r t of t h e basement i n t o a r e s t a u r a n t and s a l o o n . 1 4 He a l s o l a i d an 8 5 f o o t a l l e y f o r b o w l i n g o r " t e n p i n s . " 1 5 E v i d e n t l y , t h i s e n t e r p r i s e was n o t p a r t i c u l a r l y successful because i n 1891 t h e s a l o o n w a s c o n v e r t e d i n t o a t e a r o o m w h i c h s e r v e d ice cream, lemonade and c o l d lunches.16 M r s . Henning and her two daughters t o o k charge o f t h e r e s t a u r a n t . O t h e r t h a n s e a s o n a l c l e a n i n g s f e w changes w e r e made w i t h i n t h e O p e r a House i t s e l f . I n August o f 1886 Douglas and Co. o f C h i c a g o w a s c o m m i s s i o n e d t o d e s i g n a b u s i n e s s d r o p curtain f o r the theatre.17 On t h e c u r t a i n w h i c h d e p i c t e d a landscape, a d v e r t i s e m e n t s f o r l o c a l businesses were a r r a n g e d on c u r t a i n s s u s p e n d e d b y r i n g s f r o m a p o l e r u n n i n g a c r o s s the t o p . I n 1 1893, t h e theatre acquired another drop c u r t a i n . C o u r i e r, 1 A u g . 1 8 9 1 , p . 1 . 13Courier:, 1 7 M a r. 1 8 9 4 , p . 1 . 14Republican, 3 0 June 1 8 8 5 ; a n d C o u r i e r, 4 J u l y 1 8 8 5 . 1 5 C o u r i e r, 2 5 J u l y 1 8 8 5 . 16Republican, 1 9 May 1 8 9 1 . 1 7 C o u r i e r, 7 A u g . 1 8 8 6 . �5 This was a Ve n e t i a n scene surrounded b y advertisements f o r local businesses. 1 The p r e s s c o n t i n u e d t o b e s t r o n g l y s u p p o r t i v e o f t h e Opera H o u s e . A t t h e c l o s e o f the 1886 season t h e Republican wrote " O u r Opera House i s second t o none i n t h e S t a t e . " 1 9 They a l s o c o n t i n u e d i n t h e i r r o l e of "arbitor o f taste." While r e c o g n i z i n g t h e d e l i g h t s o f comedy t h e R e p u b l i c a n wrote " . interspersed . . a f e w good t r a g e d i e s e d 0 would n o t o n l y have a tendency t o c r e a t e t h e d e s i r e , but i f they are o f the best, t h e i r educational value i s n20 g r e a t e r t h a n t h a t o f c o m e d y. The C o u r i e r c a l l e d f o r " a f e w good l e c t u r e s " and " a s e r i e s o f good dramatic entertainments . . varied by f i r s t class good o p e r a . " 2 1 H e n n i n g a n d h i s m a n a g e r s made a n u m b e r o f a t t e m p t s to g e t t h e Opera House o p e r a t i n g a t a p r o f i t . I n 1886, t h e T i b b i t s b e c a m e p a r t o f t h e M i c h i g a n T h e a t r i c a l Circuit.22 Charles O. W h i t e , manager o f t h e Grand Opera House i n D e t r o i t , w a s t h e c i r c u i t ' s N e w Y o r k tive. I n J u l y , t h e New Yo r k M i r r o r r e p o r t e d t h a t W h i t e , 18Republican, 8 Sept. 1893. 19Republican, 26 J u n e 1886. 20Republican, 18 J u n e 1894. 2 1 C o u r i e r, 2 S e p t . 1 8 9 3 , p . 4 . 2 2 C o u r i e r, 1 5 May 1 8 8 6 . - �60 representing t h i r t y - o n e Michigan and Canadian t h e a t r e s , was booking a " l i s t rical h i s t o r y. of attractions . . . . . . unparalleled E v e r y conceivable a t t r a c t i o n i s on the l i s t . ,,23 That same season t h e C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d t h a t a group o f l o c a l businessmen w e r e o r g a n i z i n g a company cient c a p i t a l t o a t t r a c t Booth o r Barrett i n the l i n e of t r a g e d y , R o b i n s o n a n d C r a n e i n c o m e d y, a n o p e r a c o m p a n y, and o n e o r m o r e f i r s t - c l a s s E v i d e n t l y, n o t h i n g ever came o f t h i s . F i n a l l y i n 1 8 9 1 , B r a d y and Garwood o f D e t r o i t f o r m e d a t h e a t r i c a l c i r c u i t w h i c h embraced To l e d o , son, L a n s i n g , K a l a m a z o o , G r a n d R a p i d s , B a y C i t y , T o r o n t o , Hamilton and London, O n t a r i o . 2 5 The T i b b i t s e v e r, t h e p r e s s n e v e r a g a i n mentioned t h i s c i r c u i t . Besides h a v i n g d i f f i c u l t y i n attracting companies, H e n n i n g was p l a u g e d w i t h l a s t - m i n u t e c a n c e l l a t i o n s by s t a r s who f o u n d a b e t t e r engagement. I n 1889, Manager Henning proposed t o "make t r o u b l e " f o r one Ve r o n a J a r b e a u i f she d i d n ' t a p p e a r f o r h e r October 1 8 engagement a t bits.26 E v i d e n t l y, h e d i d n ' t make enough t r o u b l e b e c a u s e 23Courier, 3 J u l y 1 8 8 6 . 24Courier, 3 A p r i l 1 8 8 6 . 25Courier, 2 5 A p r i l 1 8 9 1 , p . 26Courier, 1 2 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 1. �M k . 6 companies c o n t i n u e d t o c a n c e l a t t h e l a s t m i n u t e o r s i m p l y not show. F i n a l l y, i n 1889 Mr. Henning, plagued b y the burden of "the elephant on his hands," published t h i s open l e t t e r in the Courier: E d i t o r C o u r i e r : P l e a s e a l l o w me t h r o u g h t h e m e d i u m o f your paper t o e x p l a i n t o t h e good c i t i z e n s o f Coldwater my f i n a n c i a l c o n d i t i o n , a n d t r y i f p o s s i b l e the moneyed men o f o u r c i t y t o s u c h a n e x t e n t t h a t I may be r e l i e v e d o f a b u r d e n t h a t i s i m p o s s i b l e f o r me t o longer bear. N e a r l y f i v e y e a r s ago I purchased House f o r $ 1 3 , 0 0 0 . I w a s a w a r e t h a t s u m w a s o n l y h a l f i t s o r i g i n a l c o s t , a n d w h i l e my scant means, i n c l u d i n g a l l t h e cash and r e a l e s t a t e I possessed, was f i c i e n t t o p a y down o n e - h a l f o f t h i s amount, I t i v e w i t h my l i t t l e s a l o o n business a n d a f a i r patronage f o r t h e O p e r a House I c o u l d s u p p o r t my f a m i l y and i n a short t i m e p a y f o r t h e p r o p e r t y t h a t seemed t h e n t o me so c h e a p . M y s a l o o n b e i n g i n t h e b a s e m e n t a n d o f f f r o m the main thoroughfare proved a Like t h e m a j o r i t y o f your readers my i n t e r e s t i s a l l i n C o l d w a t e r. T o a l l h e r e n t e r p r i s e s I h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d my m i t e . I f e l t flattered i n being the one o f h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , a n d m y o n l y h o p e h a s b e e n t h a t some d a y I c o u l d s a y , " T h i s O p e r a H o u s e i s M i n e . " A s i s the c a s e w i t h many o t h e r s I am d i s a p p o i n t e d , ated t o acknowledge t o t h e people o f Coldwater t h a t I am unable t o own o r c o n t r o l t h i s p r o p e r t y any l o n g e r f o r t h e purpose f o r w h i c h i t was i n t e n d e d . I am o f f e r e d f o r t h e p r o p e r t y n e a r l y a s much a s I g a v e , a n d s h o u l d I s e l l Coldwater w i l l b e d e p r i v e d o f what s h e seemed t o most need e i g h t y e a r s a g o - - a f i r s t c l a s s O p e r a House- e a r n e s t l y hope t h e men o f means i n o u r c i t y w i l l f o r m a s t o c k c o m p a n y, p u r c h a s e t h e O p e r a H o u s e a n d u s e i t f o r just what i t was o r i g i n a l l y intended- - a place ment f o r o u r c i t i z e n s . T o b e h o n o r a b l e i n m y d o i n g s , I w i l l s a y t o t h e c i t i z e n s o f Coldwater, t h i n k o f t h i s s e r i o u s l y. I f I h e a r n o t h i n g from you b y August 1 I shall consider I have done my d u t y, a n d t h e p r o p e r t y w i l l b e converted i n t o a business which I e a r n e s t l y hope will pay better. �6 Thanking my f r i e n d s f o r t h e i r k i n d words a n d s u p p o r t , remain, e t c . , J o s . Henning27 I A number o f s o l u t i o n s were proposed: T h e loving inhabitants o f Coldwater favored converting b i t s i n t o a b e e r garden w i t h v a r i e t y show e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . 2 8 Some w e r e i n f a v o r o f t h e c i t y b u y i n g t h e p r o p e r t y ing i t i n t o a To w n H a l l a n d c o u n c i l r o o m , w h i l e posed t o r a i s e t h e a m o u n t o f t h e i n d e b t e d n e s s a n d a s k M r . Henning t o t a k e i t without interest and repay the principal as s o o n a s c o n v e n i e n t . A n o t h e r s o l u t i o n was t i o n o f a s t o c k c o m p a n y. 2 9 The c o m p a n y w o u l d p u r c h a s e t h e p r o p e r t y, make needed r e p a i r s a n d p l a c e t h e t h e a t r e i n t h e hands o f a m a n a g e r. D u r i n g t h a t s u m m e r, e f f o r t s w e r e m a d e t o e s t a b l i s h a s t o c k c o m p a n y. T h e l o c a l people needed t o r a i s e $7000 b y the s a l e o f s t o c k a n d a n a d d i t i o n a l $ 5 0 0 0 m o r t g a g e . 3 0 While shares w e r e o n l y $ 2 5 a p i e c e , s a l e s were n e v e r b r i s k . 3 1 The Courier contended t h a t box o f f i c e r e c e i p t s o v e r sufficient t o p a y g o o d i n t e r e s t on t h e i n v e s t m e n t . needs s u c h a b u i l d i n g f o r v a r i o u s u s e s o u t s i d e t h e d r a m a , and s h o u l d i t b e c l o s e d i t s l o s s w o u l d b e k e e n l y f e l t , " s a i d 27Courier, 2 0 J u l y 1889, p . 8. 28Courier, 2 7 J u l y 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 29Republican, 2 3 J u l y 1889. 3 11 D R e p u b l i c a n , 2 6 J u l y 1 8 8 9 . 31 Republican, 2 6 J u l y 1889. �6 the C o u r i e r. " W e need such a convenience f o r l e c t u r e s and home e n t e r t a i n m e n t s o f d i f f e r e n t k i n d s , a n d ences w o u l d h a r d l y b e s a t i s f i e d w i t h a n y h a l l l e s s comfortable and elegant."32 The s t o c k company n e v e r m a t e r i a l i z e d b u t H e n n i n g continued on a y e a r -by-year extension o f h i s d e n t l y, h e c o u l d n o t b e a r t o s e e t h e t h e a t r e d i v e r t e d t o a n y o t h e r purpose.33 T h e Opera House d i d n o t a c t u a l l y a c h i e v e a f i r m f i n a n c i a l s t a n d i n g u n t i l t h e management ownership was t r a n s f e r r e d t o H e n n i n g ' s s o n - i n - l a w , J o h n T. Jackson. Legitimate Drama Combination p l a y s , r e p e r t o r y companies, a n d U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s c o n t i n u e d t o b e p o p u l a r i n t h e H e n n i n g years. O p e r e t t a s and Opera a l s o t o o k on increasing importance. The t r e n d i n l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a c o n t i n u e d t o b e t o w a r d s c o m e d y and s p e c t a c u l a r p l a y s b u t t h e c o m p l e x i o n o f c o m e d y b e g a n t o change i n t h e l a s t d e c a d e o f t h e c e n t u r y . Combination P l a y s J o s e p h Henning opened h i s son w i t h a " p l e a s i n g " p e r f o r m a n c e o f S i x P e a s i n a P o d . 3 4 3 2 C o u r i e r, 2 7 J a n . 1 8 9 4 , p . 33Republican, 1 6 Aug. 1 8 8 9 . 34Courier, 5 S e p t . 1 8 8 5 . 8. �6 T h i s was f o l l o w e d b y t h e H a r r y Webber company's N i p a n d Tu c k . The f o r e p i e c e , B e s s i e ' s B u r g l a r f e a t u r e d C a r r i e W e b b e r, t h e first o f many c h i l d a c t o r s t o g a i n p o p u l a r i t y o n bits stage.35 The s e a s o n p r o g r e s s e d w i t h a s e r i e s o f m e l o d r a m a s and c o m e d i e s . I n N o v e m b e r t h e M a r s t o n C o m p a n y, w h i c h w a s producing A W i f e ' s Honor, t r i e d t o s t i r up business f e r i n g a " b e a u t i f u l s o u v e n i r p h o t o g r a p h " t o e a c h l a d y who attended t h e p l a y. 3 6 Later i n the season the n e r G r o c e r y company o f f e r e d s o u v e n i r c a r d b a s k e t s . 3 7 I n J a n u a r y, W i l l i a m J . S c a n l a n , a l w a y s a n audience f a v o r i t e i n Coldwater, appeared i n Shane-na-Lawn, a n d t h e Republican reported t h a t t h e u n i v e r s a l v e r d i c t o n Scanlan was " h e ' s p e r f e c t l y c h a r m i n g . " 3 8 The C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t h e had " n o s u p e r i o r " a s a d e l i n e a t o r o f I r i s h c h a r a c t e r o r a s a 1 -T singer.39 The F e b r u a r y p e r f o r m a n c e o f S k i p p e d b y t h e L i g h t o f the Moon was more t y p i c a l o f t h e s e a s o n , h o w e v e r. publican wrote t h a t " L i k e most o f the p l a y s o f the d a y, i s v o i d o f p l o t a n d i s made u p e n t i r e l y o f 35Republican, 6 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 36Republican, 6 N o v. 1 8 8 5 . 37Republican, 8 Jan. 1 8 8 6 . 38Republican, 2 2 Jan. 1 8 8 6 . 3 9 C o u r i e r, 2 3 J a n . 1 8 8 6 . i t �6 tions and funny sayings. . • . " T h e reviewer went on t o s a y that t h e l o c a l people were growing t i r e d o f l i g h t comedy and desired something more s u b s t a n t i a l . T h e review concluded that t h e p l a y was " l i g h t t r a s h " a n d " f u n n y, v e r y , 4 Despite t h e Republican reviewer's weariness w i t h c o m e d y, t h e s e a s o n e n d e d o n t h e s a m e v e i n , i n t e r r u p t e d o n l y by S i b e r i a , B a r t l e y Campbell's s c e n i c s e n s a t i o n . The 1 8 8 6 - 8 7 s e a s o n , w h i l e c o n t i n u i n g t o o f f e r a l a r g e s h a r e o f c o m e d y, a l s o i n t r o d u c e d m o r e s u b s t a n t i a l d r a m a . The s e a s o n o p e n e d w i t h D i o n B o u c i c a u l t ' s T h e L o n g S t r i k e . The R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r w r o t e " T h e L o n g S t r i k e a s p l a y e d Saturday evening was one o f t h e f i n e s t p r o d u c t i o n s dered i n t h i s c i t y . W h e n we s a y, i n o u r o p i n i o n ber o f t h e company i s e n t i t l e d t o t h e c l a i m o f a c t o r o r actress we mean what t h e t e r m i m p l i e s - - t h e t r u t h f u l p o r t r a y a l of a l i v i n g p o s s i b i l i t y. " T h e review continued, "Nothing i n the p l a y was o v e r d r a w n , a n d t h e c h a r a c t e r s f r o m t h e p o o r e s t workingman t o t h e h e a r t l e s s e m p l o y e r s w e r e a c t e d t r u e t o life. . . . " 4 On O c t o b e r 4 A d e l a i d e M o o r e a r r i v e d i n t h e c i t y t o p l a y i n Romeo a n d J u l i e t . T h e C o u r i e r r e v i e w e r seemed more taken w i t h Miss Moore's p a l a c e c a r t h a n h e r performance and i n c l u d e d a l o n g d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e f o r m e r i n 4oEELLILl1Eta, 5 Feb. 1886. 41Republican, 2 1 Sept. 1 8 8 6 . �66 view."42 a "fine The R e p u b l i c a n o b s e r v e d t h a t w h i l e M i s s M o o r e h a d f o r m " and r i c h and c o s t l y wardrobe " h e r very poor. S h e enunciates quite indistinctly at times, and e v i d e n t l y needs t o devote months t o v o i c e c u l t u r e . H e r tones are n o t f l e x i b l e a n d she has an impediment t h a t lisping which i s a great o b s t r u c t i o n t o h e r ever becoming a pleasing reader." T h e reviewer continued t h a t she was t i n g more a d v e r t i s i n g from h e r b o u d o i r c a r and than from any a b i l i t i e s she has as an actress."43 The p r e v a l e n c e o f s p e c t a c u l a r a t t r a c t i o n s s e t t h e 1886-87 s e a s o n a p a r t f r o m f o r m e r s e a s o n s . T h e company came o n O c t o b e r 1 4 a n d a w e d a "stage s e t t i n g s . . . f a i r audience w i t h never before equalled i n Another s p e c t a c u l a r drama, The S t r e e t s Silver King this c i t y. " 44 o f New Y o r k , f e a t u r e d "Union Square b y n i g h t , i l l u m i n a t e d w i t h novel and wonderful calcium and e l e c t r i c light effects, Baxter street and Five Points as t h e y were i n those days, and ending w i t h ing o f a tenement house, which w i l l be the grandest f i r e scene e v e r w i t n e s s e d o n t h e O p e r a House s t a g e . " 4 5 water F i r e Department t o o k part i n the performance.46 4 2 C o u r i e r, 9 O c t . 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . 43 R e p u b l i c a n , 8 O c t . 1 8 8 6 . 44Courier, 1 6 O c t . 1 8 8 6 , 4 5 C o u r i e r, 1 3 N o v. 1 8 8 6 , P . 4 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 6 N o v. 1 8 8 6 . The 5. Bar �6 ley Campbell's The White Slave a l s o u t i l i z e d f e c t s . " T h e o l d s o u t h e r n home, t h e c a b i n o f t h e ole, t h e f l o a t i n g wreck with a r a i n storm o f were n a t u r a l a n d v e r y e f f e c t i v e . . . , 47 T h e t i o n o f The D e v i l ' s A u c t i o n r e q u i r e d a c a s t o f s i x t y and t h r e e r a i l c a r s f u l l o f s c e n e r y. 4 8 Commenting o n t h e a t t r a c t i o n o f t h e s e d r a m a s , t h e C o u r i e r e x p l a i n e d " N o m a t t e r how f i n e the s c e n e r y a n d s e t s t u f f may b e i n a n O p e r a H o u s e , p l a y g o e r s soon t i r e o f s e e i n g t h e s a m e , n o m a t t e r h o w c a r e f u l i t i s s e t , o r how d i f f e r e n t t h e c o m b i n a t i o n s . I t i s refreshing to s e e s o m e t h i n g new a n d b y d i f f e r e n t a r t i s t s , a n d b i n a t i o n s a r e d o i n g good work i n c a r r y i n g t h e i r own s c e n e r y made e x p r e s s l y f o r t h e p l a y . " 4 9 Apparently the b i t s p r o v i d e d f o r t h e O p e r a House when i t opened i n 1 8 8 2 h a d l o s t i t s g l a m o u r. T h u s , t h e e l a b o r a t e s c e n e r y b r o u g h t i n b y the t r a v e l i n g companies added a n o t h e r d i m e n s i o n o f i n t e r e s t to t h e p r o d u c t i o n . There w e r e v e r y f e w changes i n t h e n e x t t w o s e a s o n s . L i t t l e Nugget, a popular f a r c e , r e c e i v e d r e p e a t performances w h i l e s p e c t a c u l a r p l a y s c o n t i n u e d t o command g o o d C The n u m b e r o f c o m p a n i e s b o o k e d o v e r t h i s p e r i o d w a s l e s s t h a n 47 ' C o u r i e r , 2 7 N o v. 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . 4 8 C o u r i e r, 1 9 M a r. 1 8 8 7 , p . 5 . 49 C o u r i e r, 2 7 N o v . 1 8 8 6 , p . 5 . 5 0 C o u r i e r, 6 A u g . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . �= M k 68 in former years. P e r h a p s Joseph Henning's culties account f o r t h i s . I r i s h comedies, always a f a v o r i t e w i t h t h e Coldwater p u b l i c , c o n t i n u e d t o amuse p l a y g o e r s . S h a w n Rhue, s t a r r i n g J. S . Murphy; Shane-na-Lawn, f e a t u r i n g Scanlan; T h e Shamrock, w i t h E d w i n H a n f o r d ; a n d Shamus O ' B r i e n w e r e a l l well received. A German e t h n i c drama, H a n s , t h e German D e t e c t i v e , f a i l e d t o attract the local people. T h e C o u r i e r r e p o r t s t h a t t h o s e who did attend "did not go w i l d over the performance."51 Gus Williams i n Kippler's Fortunes enjoyed a s i m i l a r reception.52 The R e p u b l i c a n ' s r e v i e w o f K e e p i t D a r k c o u l d h a v e served a s w e l l f o r most o f t h e 1 8 8 7 - 8 9 p l a y s . " T h o s e who went t o l a u g h h a d a n o p p o r t u n i t y, t h o s e who w e n t f o r a n y other purpose had v e r y l i t t l e t o g r a t i f y them. . • • u53 A i d e n B e n e d i c t i n A l e x a n d e r Dumas' M o n t e C r i s t o a n d Edmund C o l l i e r i n V i r g i n i u s d r e w l i t t l e comment f r o m t h e p r e s s . Michael S t r o g o f f received s i m i l a r treatment. A f t e r giving A P o s s i b l e Case a tremendous b u i l d u p p r i o r t o i t s performance,54 the p r e s s d i s a g r e e d w i t h t h e a c t i n g methods o f t h e l e a d i n g l a d y. . . t h e methods o f Miss Georgie Drew Barrymore, a s the much m a r r i e d h e r o i n e , s a v o r perhaps a 5 1 C o u r i e r, 3 D e c . 1 8 8 7 , p . 52Courier, 2 3 F e b . 1 8 8 9 , p . t r i f l e more I . 1. 53Republican, 11 N o v. 1 8 8 7 . 54 Feb. 1 8 8 9 . Courier, 9 Feb. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 ; a n d Republican, 1 5 �6 D e l s a r t i a n school t h a n i s r e q u i s i t e f o r t h e most p l e a s i n g and h a p p y e f f e c t s . . . " T h e l o c a l papers c o u l d n ' t even s t i r u p much e n t h u s i a s m f o r t h e s p e c t a c u l a r A r o u n d t h e W o r l d in Eighty Days.56 F r e q u e n t l y, H e n n i n g l o s t companies o n t h e n i g h t o f t h e i r performance. T h e Bad Boy f o l d e d due t o p o o r b u s i n e s s . 5 7 The c o m p a n y w h i c h w a s t o d o B a r t l e y C a m p b e l l ' s M y G e r a l d i n e "took a jump t o C i n c i n n a t i where t h e y p l a y n e x t week."58 It's l i t t l e wonder t h a t a t t h e c l o s e o f t h e 1888-89 ning a t t e m p t e d t o s e l l t h e Opera House. In t h e f o l l o w i n g two seasons, 1889-90 and 1890-91, the t o t a l number o f companies a p p e a r i n g i n G o l d w a t e r i n c r e a s e d over t h e p r e v i o u s t w o y e a r s . C o m e d i e s a n d tions continued t o dominate t h e schedule. W h i l e most o f t h e comedies r e f l e c t e d t h e f a r c i c a l s i t u a t i o n s a n e w e r t r e n d w a s a l s o a p p a r e n t . C o m e d y was m o v i n g c l o s e r t o v a r i e t y a n d v a u d e v i l l e i n some o f t h e s h o w s . T h e R e p u b l i c a n wrote o f t h e F a k i r , " T h e r e was b u t v e r y l i t t l e p l o t t o t h e p i e c e , n o r d i d i t n e e d a n y, f o r t h e performance o f ferent s p e c i a l t i e s b y t h e s e v e r a l l a d i e s and gentlemen t o o k 55Republican, 2 2 Feb. 1 8 8 9 . 5 6 C o u r i e r, 1 6 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 ; a n d R e p u b l i c a n , 1 9 M a r. 1 8 8 9 . 5 7 C o u r i e r, 5 May 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 5 8 C o u r i e r, 3 0 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 . �70 the audience b y storm. . . " i n the May 1890 review o f Uncle H i r a m t h e r e v i e w e r r e p o r t e d a l a u g h l i n e t h a t c o u l d have come f r o m v a u d e v i l l e . " . . . he advised the sleeping colored s e r v a n t t o b e l i k e some C o l d w a t e r p o l i t i c i a n s , s o that he c o u l d l i e a s w e l l on one s i d e a s t h e o t h e r. " 6 0 A Cold Day f e a t u r e d C a r l o t t a d o i n g t h e London G a i e t y dance. 6 Both newspapers g a v e e n t h u s i a s t i c r e v i e w s o f L o u i s James' p o r t r a y a l o f O t h e l l o . S a y i n g t h a t h e w a s t h e b e s t example o f t h e h e r o i c s c h o o l l e f t i n the theatre "since the Titans o f t h e drama f e l l a s l e e p , " t h e C o u r i e r asserted t h a t a more s a t i s f a c t o r y p e r f o r m a n c e w a s n e v e r g i v e n i n C o l d w a t e r . 6 2 The R e p u b l i c a n l a b e l e d h i s p e r f o r m a n c e a " d r a m a t i c t r e a t . " 6 3 The p a t r o n a g e w a s n o t c o m m e n s u r a t e w i t h t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e performance, however. The F i r e m a n ' s W a r d a n d L i t t l e L o r d F a u n t l e r o y b o t h featured c h i l d a c t o r s . A l b e r t a Keen, who portrayed L i t t l e Lord F a u n t l e r o y, c a p t i v a t e d t h e a u d i e n c e w i t h h e r ing. T h e Courier wrote "She i s a c h i l d actress o f remarkable promise, w i t h none o f those ' s t a g e y ' mannerisms a n d t r i c k s 59Repub1ican, 8 N o v. 1 8 8 9 . 6oRepublican, 9 May 1890. 61Courier, 1 4 M a r. 1 8 9 1 , p . 8. 6 2 C o u r i e r, 1 5 N o v. 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 ; a n d 2 9 N o v. 1 8 9 0 , p. 1 . 63 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 8 N o v. 1 8 9 0 . �71 t h a t make u p t h e average s t a g e c h i l d . " 6 4 As a l w a y s , W . J . S c a n l a n d r e w a c r o w d w i t h h i s Irish piece, Myles Aroon.65 To u r i s t s I n latest a Pullman Car, a n o t h e r I r i s h c o m e d y, a l s o r e c e i v e d p r a i s e f r o m t h e p r e s s . The R e p u b l i c a n r e p o r t e d t h a t " t h e r e w a s n o t a them.,66 James R e i l l y tracted a f a i r audience.67 s t i c k among i n The Broommaker o f Carlsbad During 1891-92 and 1892-93 seasons t h e comedies which f e a t u r e d s p e c i a l t i e s o v e r p l o t became more f r e q u e n t . T h e Republican reviewer r e f e r r e d t o t h e S o c i a l Session actors a s "clever specialty people."68 The C o u r i e r d e s c r i b e d cial Session actors as "several f i r s t - c l a s s some e x c e l l e n t s i n g e r s a n d d a n c e r s . " 6 9 Rice's Evangeline vertised a dancing h e i f e r and p r e t t y g i r l s , 7 0 while t h e Courier said o f the featured actress cus, " H e r humor i s while her 'kick' i s irresistible, too cute i n A Night at her smile i s f o r anything."71 64Courier, 2 2 Mar. 1 8 9 0 , p . 65 C o u r i e r , 5 O c t . 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 1. 66Republican, 1 0 Jan. 1890. 67 C o u r i e r , 2 7 D e c . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1. 68Republican, 1 8 Sept. 1891. 69 C o u r i e r. 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 70Courier, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 7 C o u r i e r, 7 N o v. 1 8 9 1 , p . 8. 8. 8. infectious, The s t a r of �72 Fat Men's Club k e p t t h e audience laughing w i t h a s i n g i n g , dancing and a c r o b a t i c performance w h i c h was " b e t t e r t h a n average."72 Two o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h e v e n t u a l l y f o r m e d t h e Theatrical Syndicate appeared a t the Ti b b i t s during 92 s e a s o n . T h e C o u n t y F a i r , a company u n d e r t h e management of C. B . J e f f e r s o n , Klaw and Erlanger which had formerly played a t H o o l e y ' s i n Chicago, f e a t u r e d a horse r a c e w i t h three Kentucky thoroughbred horses ridden by professional jockeys o v e r a t h r e e - q u a r t e r m i l e course i n audience. A f u l l view of the SRO h o u s e f o u n d t h e p r o d u c t i o n j o y a b l e . " 7 3 C h a r l e s Frohman's H e l d b y t h e Enemy a p p e a r e d i n March o f , 8 9 2 . 7 4 L i t t l e G o l d i e i n The Rocky Mountain Wa i f gene Wa s h b u r n e i n T h e W a i f o f and New Yo r k f a i l e d t o g i v e a s much s a t i s f a c t i o n a s c h i l d s t a r s who h a d appeared i n f o r m e r y e a r s . I n t h e f o r m e r p l a y t h e press appeared t o b e more impressed by t h e Rocky mountain pony a n d b u r r o t h a n t h e c h i l d a c t r e s s . 7 5 A steam f i r e e n g i n e and a p a i r o f horses s t o l e Miss Washburne.76 Steel Mackaye's P a u l Kauvar was t h e o n l y 72Courier, 1 6 J a n . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . 7 3 C o u r i e r, 5 S e p t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 8 . 74Repub1ican, 4 M a r. 1 8 9 2 . 75Courier, 1 5 O c t . 1 8 9 1 p . 8. 76Courier, 1 5 O c t . 1 8 9 1 ; p . 8. �7 s e r i o u s p l a y t o command a l a r g e a u d i e n c e . 7 7 Like t h e season preceding i t , t h e 1893-94 season was a c o m b i n a t i o n o f c o m e d y, s p e c t a c u l a r d r a m a , a n d I r i s h e t h n i c plays. E v i d e n t l y the public was growing t i r e d o f t i o n a l I r i s h dramas. W h e n t h e p r e -show p u b l i c i t y f o r The Wicklow Postman promised t h a t " t h e u s u a l e l e m e n t s o f t h e r e d coat, t h e policeman, t h e process server and the informer a r e conspicuous b y t h e i r absence," t h e R e p u b l i c a n added f r e s h i n g a b s e n c e . ,,78 The p r e s s s e e m e d m o r e i n c l i n e d t h a n e v e r b e f o r e t o evaluate performances i n terms o f naturalness and realism. John D i l l o n ' s p e r f o r m a n c e i n A M o d e l Husband was l a u d e d a s "true t o nature."79 T h e Republican described a scene i n The Police P a t r o l . " I n one a c t the i n t e r i o r o f a p o l i c e p a t r o l barn i s shown w i t h t h e horses s t a n d i n g i n t h e i r s t a l l s , t h e wagon i n p l a c e , a n d e v e r y t h i n g i n r e a d i n e s s f o r t h e a l a r m . When t h e b e l l s o u n d s t h e h o r s e s d a s h u n d e r t h e ness, a r e h i t c h e d and o f f t h e s t a g e i n l e s s t h a n onds."80 A n o t h e r Frohman company came t o C o l d w a t e r i n M a y o f 1894. I n t h e p r e -show p u b l i c i t y f o r Jane t h e 77Courier, 2 0 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 78Republican, 1 7 N o v. 1 8 9 3 . 79Republican, 9 Feb. 1894. 80 Republican, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 3 . 8. �'4 cribed Frohman's a t t r a c t i o n s a s t h e f i n e s t o n t h e The C o u r i e r w r o t e " A l l o f F r o h m a n ' s a t t r a c t i o n s t i c s u c c e s s e s , a n d t h e management i s t o b e c o n g r a t u l a t e d o n securing t h i s a t t r a c t i o n . " 8 2 The m a j o r i t y o f c o m b i n a t i o n p l a y s d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g years c o n t i n u e d t o b e e i t h e r comedies o r s p e c t a c u l a r dramas. The m o s t n o t a b l e c h a n g e d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s w a s i n t y p e o f c o m e d y. P a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h e l a t e 8 0 ' s a n d e a r l y edy began t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n t o w a r d a v a u d e v i l l e - t y p e s h o w where t h e p e r f o r m e r s became m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h e p l a y . Most r e v i e w s o f c o m e d i e s a f t e r 1 8 9 0 f o c u s e d o n t h e a c t o r s ' songs, d a n c e s a n d a c r o b a t i c s k i l l s r a t h e r t h a n o n t h e p l a y itself. R e p e r t o r y Companies R e p e r t o r y companies c o n t i n u e d t o b e popular during the f i r s t n i n e years o f of t h e t h e a t r e . M o s t companies f e a t u r e d comedies t i m e f a v o r i t e s s u c h a s R i p Va n W i n k l e a n d T e n N i g h t s i n a Barroom. T h e y a l s o a t t e m p t e d t o l u r e a u d i e n c e s w i t h p r i z e drawings f o r p a r l o r stoves o r s o f a s . Rentfrow's J o l l y P a t h f i n d e r s made f o u r the c i t y d u r i n g H e n n i n g ' s t e n u r e . T h e q u a l i t y o f performance went f r o m " n o t a ' s t i c k ' i n t h e company" i n 188783 t o 81Republican, 8 May 1894. 8 2 C o u r i e r, 1 2 May 1 8 9 4 , P . 8 . 8 3 C o u r i e r, 8 O c t . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . �7 ticularly strong" b y 1892.84 to a p p e a r i n 1 8 8 9 . The H o l d e n Comedy Company b e g a n T h i s company f e a t u r e d t h e t e t t e , singing, dancing and s p e c i a l t i e s , s p a r k l i n g scenes, popular music, f u n n y situations from beginning t o end."85 The c o m p a n y a l s o f e a t u r e d a c h i l d a c t r e s s a n d p r i z e d r a w i n g s which o f f e r e d e v e r y t h i n g f r o m s i l v e r t e a s e t s t o a n " a n t i q u e oak c h a m b e r s e t . " 8 6 The W a i t e C o m b i n a t i o n , E u n i c e G o o d r i c h pany a n d I d a Va n C o u r t l a n d ' s Ta v e r n i e r s a l l a p p e a r e d t w i c e i n C o l d w a t e r . W h i l e t h e W a i t e ' s commanded l a r g e a u d i e n c e s , the C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t " a more w r e t c h e d performance was n e v e r witnessed on t h e s t a g e . . . ."87 The T a v e r n i e r s w e r e j u d g e d " f a r above t h e average o f t h e h i g h p r i c e d companies t h a t visit our city."88 F i f t e e n o t h e r r e p e r t o r y companies made s i n g l e v i s i t s to t h e c i t y . N o t a b l e among them were t h e E g b e r t D r a m a t i c Company s t a r r i n g M i s s K a t e G l a s s f o r d , " a n e m o t i o n a l a c t r e s s f a r above t h e average;"89 t h e Carner-Shepard Combination, i n which C a r n e r was pronounced " f u l l y t h e e q u a l o f 84Courier, 1 O c t . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . 85 Courier, 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 1 , p . 8 . 86Republican, 2 0 Dec. 1 8 8 9 . 87 Courier, 3 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 8 8 C o u r 1 e r, 9 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 . 89 Republican, D e c . 1885. �76 son" i n h i s p o r t r a y a l o f R i p Va n W i n k l e ; 9 0 t h e t o n Company i n w h i c h M i s s H a m i l t o n p o r t r a y e d N a n c y S y k e s i n O l i v e r Tw i s t w i t h "more t h a n o r d i n a r y power";91 a n d win Comedy Company who a w a r d e d a J e r s e y cow t o t h e h o l d e r o f a w i n n i n g n u m b e r. 9 2 U n c l e T o m ' s C a b i n C o m p a n i e s U n c l e To m c o m p a n i e s c o n t i n u e d to a t t r a c t b o t h l a r g e audiences a n d t h e r i d i c u l e o f t h e p r e s s . D r a p e r ' s U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Company a n d S t e t s o n ' s Company e a c h m a d e r e t u r n e n g a g e m e n t s . O n e W . D i b b l e o f t h e S t e t s o n Company was e s p e c i a l l y p o p u l a r because o f h i s n i n g musket d r i l l " w h i c h was " t r u l y m a r v e l o u s . " 9 3 There seemed t o b e a c o m p e t i t i o n among t h e U n c l e Tom c o m p a n i e s t o p r o d u c e t h e m o s t s p e c t a c u l a r s h o w . B y 1890 Rusco a n d S w i f t ' s c o m p a n y f e a t u r e d " t h e o r i g i n a l E l i z a , t h e 4o,000 g a l l o n t a n k o f water, N t r i c k alligator, t e r man-eating blood hounds, r t h g t r i c k donkey g i n a l Te n n e s s e e J u b i l e e s i n g e r s a n d M i s s C o r a D e n n i n g , t h e l a r g e s t s a l a r i e d To p s y t r a v e l i n g ( $ 2 5 0 p e r t o n ' s M o n s t e r company f e a t u r e d " 2 To p s i e s , 2 M a r k s , 90Republican, 1 0 Sept. 1886. 91Courier, 1 5 Dec. 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 92Republican, 2 7 N o v. 1 8 9 1 . 93Courier, 4 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5. 9 4 C o u r i e r, 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 . • �7 cated donkeys, f i v e S h e t l a n d p o n i e s , 6 Cuban and l i t t l e D o l l i e White, t h e phenominal C s i g child artist."95 I n 1 8 9 4 , T h e D a v i s ' U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Company i n c l u d e d " t w o bands, s e v e r a l h o r s e s , s i x b l o o d hounds, E v a ' s g o l d e n c h a r i o t , Uncle To m ' s C a b i n a n d h i s s o u t h e r n o x c a r t . " 9 6 only r e p l y t o a l l The p r e s s e s ' o f t h i s was " A n o t h e r U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n company i s h e a d e d t h i s w a y , J o h n n y , g e t y o u r g u n ! " 9 7 Operas a n d O p e r e t t a s A l t h o u g h t h e l o c a l c i t i z e n s ' i n t e r e s t in opera and o p e r e t t a was f u l f i l l e d o n l y by tions during Bart Ti b b i t s ' ownership o f the sional companies a r r i v e d d u r i n g t h e Henning y e a r s . T w e l v e such c o m p a n i e s a p p e a r e d o n t h e T i b b i t s s t a g e . B y far the most p o p u l a r w a s t h e A n d r e w s O p e r a Company w h i c h p l a y e d i n Coldwater f o u r times between 1889 and 1893. T h e citizens' eagerness t o a t t r a c t t h i s company i n a u g u r a t e d t h e p r a c t i c e o f "guaranteed performances." A l a r g e number o f people bought t i c k e t s i n advance a n d t h e n t h e company was i n v i t e d form a t t h e T i b b i t s f o r a g u a r a n t e e d f u l l h o u s e . nique was u t i l i z e d f r e q u e n t l y i n f u t u r e y e a r s t o a t t r a c t performers a n d shows w h i c h n o r m a l l y would have bypassed t h e Opera House b e c a u s e o f i t s l i m i t e d s e a t i n g c a p a c i t y. 9 5 C o u r i e r, 2 7 D e c . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1. 9 6 C o u r i e r, 1 6 June 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. 97 C o u r i e r, 1 F e b . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1. T h e �7 i n i t i a l p r o d u c t i o n o f t h e Andrews company's L a M a s c o t t e w a s w e l l r e c e i v e d . B y 1 8 9 3 t h e company h a d a d d e d " s k i r t d a n c e r s " and c h a r g e d " a d o l l a r f o r a f i f t y c e n t The Emma A b b o t t C o m p a n i e s ' p r o d u c t i o n o f M a r t h a b r o u g h t e x c u r s i o n t r a i n s f r o m many n e i g h b o r i n g t o w n s 9 9 t o see " P r o b a b l y t h e m o s t e n j o y a b l e p e r f o r m a n c e e v e r g i v e n i n C o l d w a t e r . " 1 0 0 T h e Thompson O p e r a C o m p a n i e s ' M i k a d o w a s "very pleasing"101 a l t h o u g h t h e Republican r e v i e w e r added "The o p e r a i s v e r y f a n n y a n d w o u l d b e b e t t e r e n j o y e d o n a second h e a r i n g . E v e r y t h i n g i s s o s t r a n g e a n d u n e x p e c t e d t h a t i t t a k e s some t i m e t o become a c c u s t o m e d t o i t s o d d i t i e s . " 1 0 2 The r e v i e w e r s a g r e e d t h a t t h e a c t i n g w a s much b e t t e r t h a n was g e n e r a l l y s e e n among s i n g e r s . Local opera b u f f s a l s o had an o p p o r t u n i t y t o h e a r t h e Temple T h e a t r e C o m p a n i e s ' L i t t l e Ty c o o n a n d I n t h e S w i m ; t h e B o s t o n C o m i c O p e r a Company i n T h e M a s c o t , O l i v e t t e and t h e M i k a d o ; a n d t h e S t e t s o n Company i n T h e Ye o m a n o f the G u a r d . I n 1893 t h e John G r i f f i t h Faust. 9 8 C o u r i e r, 3 1 J a n . 1 8 9 1 , p . 1 ; a n d 4 N o v. 1 8 9 3 , p . 8 . 99Ruoublican, 9 O c t . 1885. 10 ° C o u r i e r , 1 7 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 1 0 1 C o u r i e r, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . 102Republican, 2 3 O c t . 1 8 8 5 . �7 Visiting stars The O p e r a H o u s e c o n t i n u e d t o e x p e r i e n c e d i f f i c u l t y i n p e r s u a d i n g s t a r s t o come t o C o l d w a t e r. T h e t r a c t i o n d u r i n g the Henning years was Francesca Janauschek. This Czech a c t r e s s , who was one o f proponents o f bits the last international the grand tragic s t y l e , appeared a t i n 1888 a s Meg M e r i l l e s and a g a i n i n 1890 a s L a d y Macbeth. C a l l i n g h e r 1888 appearance " t h e dramatic e v e n t o f the s e a s o n , " t h e Republican r e v i e w e r noted "She h a s t h e same spirit t h a t s h e e x h i b i t e d when we h e a r d h e r t e n o r t w e l v e years ago. H e r makeup a s t h e w i t c h c a n h a r d l y be i m p r o v e d and t h e p a t h o s w h i c h s h e p u t i n t o t h e p a r t kindliness and love s t i l l dwelt within the harsh exterior. Janauschek's motherly face ( a is well adapted t o this r e a l l y showed t h a t t h i n g she could not disguise) particular sentiment i n 'Old Meg.,103 In 1890, t h e Courier reported t h a t "She gave a terpretation o f Lady Macbeth."104 Sol Smith Russell, who had appeared i n 1884, r e t u r n e d i n 1886 t o play in F e l i x McKersick and again i n 1888 f o r performance o f Bewitched. T h e a Republican reviewer found the plays i n f e r i o r and t h e company s u p p o r t i n g R u s s e l l " n o t a strong one." a host i n H e concluded, however, t h a t " M r. R u s s e l l i s himself, and h i s songs and impersonations created 103 R e p u b l i c a n . 2 1 F e b . 1 8 8 8 . 104Courier. 1 5 M a r. 1 8 9 0 , P. 1, �8 quite a f u r o r e o f enthusiasm."105 Roland R e e d a l s o r e t u r n e d i n 1 8 8 6 t o p l a y i n Humbug. H i s s u p p o r t i n g a c t r e s s , E m i l y Kean, r e c e i v e d a b e t t e r r e v i e w t h a n h e . " M i s s K e a n made a b r i g h t a n d v i v a c i o u s N e t t i e S h a w, a n d a d d e d much t o t h e enjoyment o f t h e e v e n i n g b y h e r s i n g i n g . " 1 0 6 Maggie M i t c h e l l a n d R h e a a l s o p l a y e d ments. M i t c h e l l ' s L o n e , o r t h e A r t i s t ' s Dream r e c e i v e d n o r e v i e w . R h e a ' s p e r f o r m a n c e i n Much A d o A b o u t N o t h i n g w a s termed " q u i t e a t r e a t . " T h e r e v i e w e r c o n t i n u e d t h a t h e r s u p p o r t i n g company w a s s t r o n g a n d t h e c o s t u m e s w e r e " t h e m o s t elegant e v e r seen on t h e stage here."107 May D a v e n p o r t w a s booked f o r D e c e m b e r 4 , 1 8 8 9 b u t f a i l e d t o m a k e a n a p p e a r a n c e "much t o t h e d i s g u s t o f t h e b a l d h e a d s . " 1 0 8 Robert M a n t e l l , who f o r m e r l y p l a y e d o p p o s i t e F a n n y D a v e n p o r t , a p p e a r e d i n Monbars i n 1 8 8 9 . H e was r a t e d " a n unusually f i n e a c t o r " and t h e press l a b e l e d t h e p l a y ful."109 Local b o x i n g f a n s g o t a t r e a t when John van a p p e a r e d i n T h e Man f r o m B o s t o n . " A s C a p t a i n H a r c o u r t , M r. S u l l i v a n a p p e a r s s e v e r a l l y i n a w h i t e costume w h i c h i s v a s t l y b e c o m i n g ; i n t h a t b a d g e o f s o c i e t y , 105Republican, 9 A p r i l 1 8 8 6 . 106Republican, 2 6 F e b . 1 8 8 6 . 1 0 7 C o u r i e r, 8 Dec. 1888, p . 1 1 0 8 C o u r i e r, 7 Dec. 1889, p . 1 109Repub1ican, 1 9 A p r i l 1 8 8 9 ; a n d C o u r i e r , 2 0 A p r i l 1889, p . 8 . �8 the o r d i n a r y d r e s s s u i t , a n d i n h i s f i g h t i n g costume arena c o n t e s t when t h e audience s i m p l y howl w i t h d e l i g h t a t the s i g h t o f J o h n ' s massive m u s c l e . " 11 0 Concerts During t h e Henning years musical t i n u e d t o command l a r g e a u d i e n c e s . S o m e o f ments w e r e p a r t o f t h e Y. M . C . A . l e c t u r e s e r i e s , b u t a g r e a t e r number w e r e t r a v e l i n g c o m p a n i e s who w e r e b o o k e d i n t o b i t s f o r a s i n g l e performance. Instrumental music continued t o t a k e second p l a c e t o v o c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s b u t a number o f s u c h groups came t o Coldwater between 1888 a n d 1 8 9 4 . T h e Royal dors, a group c o n s i s t i n g o f t h r e e mandolins and two g u i t a r s , appeared i n 1 8 8 8 . 111 Two y e a r s l a t e r , t h e Y. M . C . A . l e c t u r e s e r i e s b r o u g h t t h e B o s t o n Symphony O r c h e s t r a l C l u b t o t o w n . The Symphony f e a t u r e d S w e d i s h p r i m a d o n n a M l l e . t r o m . 11 2 The M c G i b e n y ' s , a f a m i l y o f s i x t e e n who p r e s e n t e d a n instrumental and vocal entertainment, appeared i n 1889 and again i n 1 8 9 2 . 11 3 D u r i n g t h e e a r l y 1 8 9 0 ' s t h e Y. M . C . A . p r e s e n t e d t h e 11 0 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 9 D e c . 1 8 9 3 . 111 C o u r i e r, 2 5 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5 . 11 2 C o u r i e r, 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 . 11 3 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 1 O c t . 1 8 8 9 . �82 Charles F. Higgins Concert C o . , a trio;114 violin, cornet and clarinet and t h e M i c h i g a n U n i v e r s i t y G l e e a n d B a n j o C l u b . Appearing i n 1893 and a g a i n i n ' 9 4 t h e Michigan U n i v e r s i t y group " . . . rendered the most d i f f i c u l t r e m a r k a b l e s k i l l . , , 11 5 The S w e d i s h N a t i o n a l O c t e t w a s t h e o n l y v o c a l g r o u p to make t w o appearances d u r i n g Henning's t e n u r e . T h e ladies appeared i n t h e costumes a n d head d r e s s o f t h e p e a s a n t r y and were " s o f u l l o f brightness and vivacity that the audience i s c o m p l e t e l y enraptured."116 O t h e r v o c a l groups i n c l u d e d t h e V e s c e l i u s O p e r a a n d C o n c e r t C o m p a n y, w h i c h c o n s i s t e d o f a f e m a l e t r i o , t e n o r , b a r i t o n e , p i a n i s t a n d c o m e d i a n ; 11 7 t h e Harvard Q u a r t e t t e , whose "concert gave v e r y tion;"118 Emerson's Boston Stars; "Across t h e A t l a n t i c , " a 1 program f e a t u r i n g D u t c h , I r i s h a n d Negro s o n g s ; 1 9 L e n n a n ' s R o y a l E d i n b u r g h C o n c e r t C o m p a n y. T h e Y . M . C . A . c o u r s e brought i n t h e O v i d e M u s i n C o n c e r t Company; t h e A r i e l Thomas Combination, T h e Schuman L a d y Q u a r t e t t e , t h e R e d p a t h C o n c e r t C o m p a n y, a n d t h e L o t u s G l e e C l u b . 11 Republican, 2 8 Feb. 1 8 9 0 . 11 5 C o u r i e r, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 9 3 , p . 1. 11 6 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 1 S e p t . 1 8 8 8 . 11 7 C o u r i e r, 2 0 June 1 8 8 5 . 11 8 C o u r i e r, 9 F e b . 1 8 8 9 , p . 8. 11 9 Courier, 1 3 A p r i l 1889, p . 8. �83 The l a d i e s of Detroit, f o r o f St. Marks imported Mrs. F. a program o f vocal music i n 1892. C. Arthur, 120 A year l a t e r , t h e W h i t n e y Mockridge company was persuaded t o s t o p o ff a t Coldwater while en route t o Chicago. T h e wrote " . . . Courier M r. Mockridge possesses a t e n o r voice markable s t r e n g t h a n d q u a l i t y , w h i l e o t h e r members o f the company w e r e v o c a l i s t s . o f more t h a n o r d i n a r y a b i l i t y . . ."121 Related Theatrical A c t i v i t y The O p e r a H o u s e c o n t i n u e d t o p r o v i d e s p a c e f o r number o f a c t i v i t i e s besides professional theatre. became m o r e p o p u l a r i n a L e c t u r e s the l a t e 80's and the sored a l e c t u r e course each season b e g i n n i n g i n 1888-89. M i n s t r e l shows a l s o continued t o be crowdever, t h e t o t a l number o f such entertainments what compared t o t h e T i b b i t s y e a r s . shows g a i n e d i n popularity. I n V a r i e t y and vaudeville f a c t , many o f the m i n s t r e l entertainments were hardly distinguishable from ville acts. Dances, p o l i t i c a l meetings, w r e s t l i n g matches, a r t e x h i b i t s a s w e l l a s many o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s c o n t i n u e d t o be h o u s e d i n Lectures the Tibbits. D e s p i t e the Republican reviewer's caution t h a t . baseball, cardplaying, dancing, e t c . may be v e r y w e l l 120Repub1ican, 1 2 A p r i l 1 8 9 2 . 1 2 1 C o u r i e r, 1 A p r i l 1 8 9 3 , p . 1 �8 i n t h e i r w a y, b u t n o t n e a r l y s o b e n e f i c i a l a s t h a t d o s o much t o t r a i n t h e i n t e l l e c t i n s t e a d o f t h e h a n d s and f e e t , " 1 2 2 t h e t o w n d i d n o t r e a l l y s u p p o r t a l e c t u r e course u n t i l 1 8 8 8 - 8 9 . P r e v i o u s l y , t h e r e h a d b e e n o n l y o n e or two l e c t u r e s p e r y e a r. I n 1886, M r. R . F. Tr e v e l l i c k , t h e Grand L e c t u r e r o f t h e N a t i o n a l A s s e m b l y o f K n i g h t s o f L a b o r , made a f a v o r a b l e i m p r e s s i o n w h e n h e s p o k e o n t h e p r o b l e m s o f the w o r k i n g man.123 The f o l l o w i n g y e a r R e v. G e o r g e C r a v e n s o f To l e d o s p o k e o n L o c a l O p t i o n v s . H i g h L i c e n s e " 1 2 4 w h i l e R e v. R o b e r t N o u r s e o f W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . g a v e a l e c t u r e e n t i t l e d "John a n d J o n a t h a n . " 1 2 5 The 1 8 8 8 l e c t u r e s e r i e s i n c l u d e d n o t o n l y l e c t u r e s but a l s o o n e o r two c o n c e r t s . T h e speakers i n c l u d e d J u s t i n M c C a r t h y, a l e a d e r i n t h e B r i t i s h H o u s e o f Commons;126 C . E . Bolton, who gave a s t e r e o p t i c a n l e c t u r e o n Russia and t h e Romanoffs";127 a n d R e v. R o b e r t M c I n t y r e who " c a r r i e s h i s audience a w a y w i t h h i m b y h i s e l o q u e n c e i n " T h e Man w i t h the M u s k e t , o r S o l d i e r i n g i n D i x i e . " 1 2 8 R e v . D r . W i l l i t s o f 122Republican, 2 8 S e p t . 1 8 8 8 . 123Republican, 4 May 1 8 8 6 . 124 C o u r i e r, 1 7 D e c . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . 1 2 5 C o u r i e r, 2 5 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 126Republican, 2 1 S e p t . 1 8 8 8 . 1 2 7 C o u r i e r, 2 2 D e c . 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 128 Republican, 2 1 D e c . , 1 8 8 8 . �85 Philadelphia gave a lecture e n t i t l e d "Sunshine."129 Kennan s p o k e o n "Camp L i f e George i n E a s t e r n S i b e r i a , " 1 3 0 a n d R e v. Hourse r e t u r n e d t o impersonate D r . J e k y l and M r. Hyde.131 In 1889, t h e l e c t u r e course provided ments f o r 1 2 i O e a c h . 1 3 2 T h e Dr. A . A . W i l l i t s , speakers, John DeWitt M i l l e r, Russell H. Conwell, Bob Burdette land Powers discoursed on a v a r i e t y o f subjects r a n g i n g from Love a n d M a r r i a g e t o p r i s o n l i f e t o "Acres o f Diamonds." Washington G a r d n e r p r e s e n t e d h i s l e c t u r e , " T h e S t r u g g l e f o r Chattanooga" u n d e r t h e auspices o f Butterworth Post G.A.R.133 The R e d p a t h L e c t u r e B u r e a u s e t u p t h e 1 8 9 0 - 9 1 Y. M . C . A . lecture course.134 Leland Powers, who had the y e a r formed " R e p r e s e n t a t i o n s f r o m D i c k e n s , " r e t u r n e d t o sonations from David Garrick.135 do n o t t h i n k line The R e p u b l i c a n w r o t e " W e t h a t Mr. Powers has h i s equal on t h e stage i n his o f work" t h e n the reviewer suggested t h a t t h e l o c a l people would l i k e t o see Mr. Powers perform i n a p l a y. 1 3 6 129Courier, 2 3 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 130Courier, 3 0 M a r. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1. 131Republican, 21 S e p t . 1888. 132Republican, 8 Oct. 1889. 133Republican, 5 Mar. 1890. 134,Republican, 1 2 S e p t . 1 8 9 0 . 1 3 5 C o u r i e r, 2 0 D e c . 1 8 9 0 , p . 136;Republican, 1 6 J a n . 1 8 9 1 . 1. Other �8 tures t h a t season i n c l u d e d a discourse b y D r. James H e d l e y on t h e " S u n n y S i d e o f L i f e " ; 1 3 7 D a n i e l D a u g h e r t y, t h e " s i l v e r tongued o r a t o r " s p e a k i n g o n " O r a t o r s a n d O r a t o r y " ; 138 a n d R e v. F a t h e r C o o n e y d e s c r i b i n g h i s w a r e x p e r i e n c e s . 1 3 9 D u r i n g t h e summer b e f o r e t h e 1 8 9 1 - 9 2 s e a s o n , t h e Republican r e v i e w e r complained t h a t p r e v i o u s courses a l l h a d a s o r t o f "sameness." H e suggested t h a t "something o f t h e s c i e n t i f i c o r d e r should be interspersed t h a t i n s t r u c t i o n a s w e l l a s amusement."14o The r e s u l t o f quest was a n " i l l u s t r a t e d s c i e n t i f i c l e c t u r e " b y B. D e m o t t e e n t i t l e d , " O l d O c e a n , O u r S l a v e a n d M a s t e r . 1 4 1 " The R e d p a t h a n d S l a y t o n L e c t u r e B u r e a u , i n b e h a l f o f t h e Y. M . C . A . , a l s o e n g a g e d H o n . G e o r g e R . W e n d l i n g whose " S a u l o f Ta r s u s " " h e l d t h e a u d i e n c e a l m o s t s p e l l b o u n d f o r a n h o u r a n d a half."142 R e v. T h o m a s D i x o n , J r . s p o k e o n " B a c k b o n e , " 1 4 3 w h i l e N y e a n d B u r b a n k , K i n g s o f P a t h o s a n d Humor d e l i g h t e d a SRO a u d i e n c e w i t h t h e i r i m p e r s o n a t i o n s . 1 4 4 1 3 7 C o u r i e r, 1 8 O c t . 1 8 9 0 , p . 1 . 1 3 8 0 0 u r i e r, 1 4 F e b . 1 8 9 1 , p . 1 . 139Republican, 3 1 M a r. 1 8 9 1 . 140Re p u b l i c a n , 3 1 J u l y 1 8 9 1 . 141 C o u r i e r, 5 M a r. , 1892, p . 1 . 1 4 2 C o u r i e r, 21 N o v . 1 8 9 1 , p . 8 . 143 C o u r i e r, 5 Dec. 1891, p . 8 . 14 C o u r i e r , 16 J a n . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . The m o s t p o p u l a r �87 l e c t u r e r o f t h e s e a s o n was R o b e r t G . I n g e r s o l l who came u n d e r the a u s p i c e s o f t h e Bon Ami C l u b . 1 4 5 A special t r a i n from Hillsdale brought the people o f that town to hear his less o r a t o r y and b r i l l i a n t word-painting" a s he spoke o n "Abraham L i n c o l n . " 1 4 6 The f i n a l l e c t u r e course during the featured a r e t u r n performance b y Russell H. Conwell, t h i s t i m e speaking o n " T h e S i l v e r Crown o r Born a K i n g . " 1 4 7 Theatre patrons a l s o had an opportunity t o " Tr a v e l i n E q u a t o r i a l Africa" w i t h Paul B. DuChailler,148 go "Around t h e World i n a Man-o-War" w i t h R o b e r t s H a r p e r, 1 4 9 a n d "Up t h e R h i n e a n d o v e r the A l p s w i t h a Knapsack" w i t h Henry C . D a n e . 1 5 0 A t the c l o s e o f t h i s s e a s o n , t h e Y. M . C . A . i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e y n o longer could a f f o r d t o support a l e c t u r e series.151 T h e l o c a l peoples' demand f o r t h e b e s t speakers and l o w p r i c e s made i t i m p o s s i b l e f o r t h e Y . M . C . A . t o r e a l i z e a n y p r o f i t . Minstrels T h e A l G. Fields Minstrels returned t o Coldwater on t h r e e o c c a s i o n s . T h e Courier explained the companies' 1 4 5 C o u r i e r, 2 7 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8. 1 4 6 C o u r i e r, 2 7 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8. 1 4 7 C o u r i e r, 1 7 D e c . 1 8 9 2 , p . 1. 1 4 8 C o u r i e r, 1 7 D e c . 1 8 9 2 , p . 1. 1 4 9 C o u r i e r, 2 8 J a n . 1 8 9 3 , p . 1. 1 5 0 C o u r i e r, 1 1 M a r . 1 8 9 3 , p . 1. 1 5 1 C o u r i e r, 2 S e p t . 1 8 9 3 , p . 4. �p o p u l a r i t y. i t . . . M i n s t r e l s y has followed a beaten path f o r a number o f years, and, w h i l s t i t i s the most popular o f a l l A m e r i c a n amusements, t h e p e o p l e demand some c h a n g e s . G. F i e l d a n d C o m p a n i e s ' m i n s t r e l s the p o p u l a r c h o r d . . . . instead of . . half A l seem t o have s t r u c k circle and elevation, i n t r o d u c i n g t h e bones and tambourine men t h e F i e l d ' s m i n s t r e l s begin t h e i r entertainment w i t h a m i l i t a r y pageant. • • • ,,152 The F i e l d s h o w a l s o i n c l u d e d B i k e a c t s , j u g g l i n g a n d s p l i t t i n g " humor. B a r l o w B r o t h e r s S p e c t a c u l a r M i n s t r e l s were t h e o n l y o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n t o a p p e a r more t h a n once during the Henning years. O n t h e i r second appearance i n 1892 t h e C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t t h e y " . the s p e c i a l t i e s . . f a i r show, o f A r c h i e Royer, t h e h i g h k i c k e r, a n d F e r r y, the f r o g man, b e i n g t h e f e a t u r e s . A s i d e formance c a l l s gave a from these f o r no special mention."153 Eight o t h e r m i n s t r e l companies appeared on b i t s s t a g e between 1885 and 1894. N o t a b l e among t h e s e were McNish, Ramza a n d A r n o ' s R e f i n e d M i n s t r e l s w h i c h "baseball statue clog,"154 and Gorton's Minstrels tured club-swinging and cornet playing. ence f o r t h e Gortons was s m a l l i n April 152Courier, 2 4 A u g . 1 8 8 9 , p . 153Courier, 5 M a r. 1 8 9 2 , p . 8. 8. 154Courier, 1 3 O c t . 1 8 8 8 , p . 155 Courier, 21 A p r i l 1894, p . 1. 8. 155 When t h e o f 1894, �MM. 89 l i c a n concluded t h a t " t h e s m a l l attendance demonstrates t h a t t h e p o p u l a r i t y o f m i n s t r e l shows i s o n t h e w a n e . " 1 5 6 The T i b b i t s a l s o h o u s e d t w o f e m a l e ances d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g y e a r s . M a u d e R e v i l l e ' s B r i t i s h Blondes, who a p p e a r e d i n 1 8 8 6 , e x c i t e d l i t t l e comment. I n 1889, D u n c a n C l a r k ' s L a d y M i n s t r e l s a n d New A r a b i a n N i g h t s shocked t h e C o l d w a t e r c i t i z e n s w h o p r i o r t o t h i s d e m o n s t r a t e d an u n u s u a l l y l i b e r a l o u t l o o k . T h e R e p u b l i c a n r e p o r t e d t h a t ". . . Seated upon t h e s t a g e were e i g h t dressed. . . females, s c a n t i l y T h e r e was n o t h i n g , s a v e perhaps a h i g h l a n d f l i n g , t h a t m e r i t e d a n y commendation. T h e s i n g i n g the m a r c h i n g b y t h e a m a z o n s h o r r i b l y e x e c u t e d , a ter than a f l o c k o f sheep. . . . I t i s hoped t h i s be s p a r e d t h e i n f l i c t i o n o f a n o t h e r l i k e Courier r e v i e w e r l a b e l e d t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t " t h e v i l e s t show t h a t e v e r appeared i n C o l d w a t e r. " H e c o n t i n u e d t h a t t h e r e was n o t o n e p e r s o n i n t h e c o m p a n y who c o u l d a c t , s i n g , d a n c e , o r p l a y a n i n s t r u m e n t . C a l l i n g t h e women " c o a r s e b r a z e n t h i n g s , " h e concluded t h a t t h e whole c h a r a c t e r o f t h e show was " b a d , d e c i d e d l y b a d . " 1 5 8 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e V a r i e t y and i56_e R publican, 2 0 A p r i l 1894. 157Repub1ican, 1 5 N o v. 1 8 8 9 . 1 5 8 C o r i e r , 1 6 N o v. 1 8 8 9 , p . 1 . �90 ments s t i l l d i d n o t a t t r a c t a l a r g e a u d i e n c e i n C o l d w a t e r . Six companies a p p e a r e d o v e r t h e n i n e y e a r p e r i o d a n d none o f them e x c i t e d much p r e s s c o m m e n t . T h e I d a S i d d o n s B u r l e s q u e and S p e c i a l t y C o m p a n y ' s s h o w w h i c h a p p e a r e d a t t h e T i b b i t s in 1886 consisted mostly o f spectacle and g i r l s . T h e s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s w e r e a d r i l l b y e i g h t l a d y drum m a j o r s , t i c dance, a n d " D a r l i n e , t h e N a i a d Queen."159 The b e r g F a m i l y Museum Company f e a t u r e d m u s i c a l n o v e l t i e s , b e l l ringing, character sketches, i l l u s i o n s , cornet solos t a t i o n s o f S p a n i s h b u g l e c a l l s a n d m i l i t a r y commands b y t h e parrot "Pedro."160 Miscellaneous T h e dance f l o o r was u t i l i z e d through 1 8 9 2 . A dance was h e l d i n 1885161 a n d a n o t h e r dance and a g r a n d m a s q u e r a d e i n 1 8 8 6 . 162 I n 1 8 8 8 a n o r c h e s t r a was imported f r o m Kalamazoo f o r a L e a p Ye a r B a l l w h i c h fectly carried out, from the very fine orchestra to q u i s i t e b a l l programs, a n d genelemen's boutonniers ordered from D e t r o i t . " 1 6 3 I n 1892 a n o t h e r Leap Ye a r B a l l was housed in t h e Ti b b i t s . 1 6 4 159 E2221211a2a, 5 F e b . 1 8 8 6 . 1 6 0 C o u r i e r, 3 S e p t . 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . 16 162 Republican, 11 Aug. 1 8 8 5 . Republican, 5 J a n . 1 8 8 6 ; a n d 2 6 June 1 8 8 6 . 16 3 C o u r i e r, 4 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5 . 164 - - C o u r i e r, 2 0 F e b . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . , �91 The O p e r a H o u s e c o n t i n u e d t o s e r v e f o r important p o l i t i c a l meetings. I n a l l t h e more 1885, Governor Alger and one R o b e r t F r a z e r " d i s c u s s e d t h e p o l i t i c a l q u e s t i o n s o f t h e d a y. " T h e Courier reported t h a t F r a z e r "poured hot shot into t h e Democratic ranks."165 In October o f 1888 flow crowd gathered t o h e a r Miss Anna E . Dickenson the R e p u b l i c a n c a u s e . T h i s m e e t i n g a l s o f e a t u r e d ing o f t h e Republican Glee Club and a solo b y a Miss Bertha Lincoln.166 That same y e a r , M r s . A d e l l H a z l e t t a l s o d i s c u s s e d "politics from a Republican stand point" and gave "one o f the most l o g i c a l , c o n c l u s i v e a n d a t t h e same t i m e humorous s p e e c h e s of the campaign."167 a speech.168 On O c t o b e r 2 8 , 1 8 9 0 G o v e r n o r L u c e g a v e The f o l l o w i n g d a y , t w o o r a t o r s e x p l a i n e d t h e McKinley B i l l . 1 6 9 I n 1 8 9 2 t h e Opera House was t h e s i t e o f a Republican r a l l y which featured s i x bands, f i r e w o r k s , a n d Courier wrote t h a t i t was t o t h e speakers' c r e d i t t h a t t h e house w a s p a c k e d a s c l o s e l y a t t h e c l o s e o f t h e m e e t i n g a s a t i t s commencement.170 1 6 5 C o u r i e r, 2 3 O c t . 1 8 8 5 , p . 5. 166Courier, 6 O c t . 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 1 6 7 C o u r i e r, 3 N o v. 1 8 8 8 , p . 1 . 168Republican, 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 0 . 169 R e p u b l i c a n , 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 0 . 1 7 0 C o u r i e r, 5 N o v. 1 8 9 2 , p. 8. �92 Wrestling gained i n popularity with a t l e a s t nine matches h e l d d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g y e a r s . T h e Tibbits also featured a c t s b y P r o f . Casey and h i s "wonderful dogs,"171 Prof. Crocker's horses,172 and Prof. B r i s t o l ' s "educated horses and mules."173 I n 1 8 9 3 , t h e Maccabees h e l d a b e n e f i t performance w h i c h i n c l u d e d a midway on t h e Opera House stage a n d camel r i d e s ! 1 7 4 Two a r t e x h i b i t s w e r e h o u s e d i n t h e T i b b i t s d u r i n g the H e n n i n g y e a r s . T h e first, f o r the benefit featured a c t u a l photographs o f war scenes.175 o f In 1889 an a r t exhibit included paintings by Brisco i n an exposition e n t i t l e d "The B a t t l e o f G e t t y s b u r g . " 1 7 6 was a n a n n u a l e v e n t . The h i g h s c h o o l commencement T h e Opera House was a l s o t h e s i t e reunion and centennial exercises.177 of In 1886, t h e sociation and S a n i t a r y Conventions were h e l d a t t h e T i b b i t s . 1 7 8 I n A p r i l o f 1 8 9 0 a t w o - d a y r e c e p t i o n was h e l d f o r Bishop F o l e y, 171 172 17 174 175 Republican, 2 5 Aug. 1885. Republican, 8 Jan. 1886. Republican, 1 0 June 1890. Courier, 2 3 Dec. 1 8 9 3 , p . Republican, 2 6 Mar. 1886. 1 7 6 C o u r i e r, 2 7 A p r i l 1 8 8 9 , p . 177 178 1. 8. Republican, 1 2 Aug. 1887; and Courier, 4 May 1889, p . Courier, 2 9 May 1886; a n d Republican, 1 6 J u l y 1886. 1. �9 a guest o f t h e l o c a l Catholic church.179 Some u n u s u a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s i n c l u d e d a m a r i o n e t t e 180 show b y t h e W i l b u r a n d R o s e E n t e r t a i n m e n t reading b y Miss Lena Loeb " t h e e l e c t r i c g i r l , " 1 8 1 a n d a benefit performance t o h e l p a stranded t u m b l e r s e c u r e h i s f a r e t o New Yo r k C i t y . 182 Amateur P r o d u c t i o n s Amateur p r o d u c t i o n s a t t h e O p e r a House r e f l e c t e d current t r e n d s i n t h e professional performances. T h e r e was an i n c r e a s e i n l e g i t i m a t e d r a m a - - p a r t i c u l a r l y o p e r a s a n d operettas. I n 1885 l o c a l t a l e n t produced t h e o p e r e t t a Golden H a i r a n d t h e T h r e e B e a r s f o r a r e a c h i l d r e n . 183 T h e f o l l o w i n g s e a s o n home t a l e n t p r o d u c e d t h e B o h e m i a n G i r l and Among t h e B r e a k e r s . 1 8 4 According t o t h e R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r t h e Bohemian G i r l was " w e l l p a t r o n i z e d a n d versal satisfaction."185 There was n o f u r t h e r m e n t i o n o f Among t h e B r e a k e r s . 179Republican, 2 5 A p r i l 1 8 9 0 . 180 C o u r i e r, 2 4 D e c . 1 8 9 2 , p . 8 . 181Republican, 1 8 A p r i l 1 8 9 0 . 182Repub1ican, 3 0 J u l y 1 8 8 6 . 183Republican, 1 7 N o v. 1 8 8 5 . 184 Republican, 8 June 1886; a n d C o u r i e r, 1 6 O c t . 1 8 8 6 . 185Republican, 1 8 June 1 8 8 6 . �9 I n 1887 t h e amateurs produced E . H . R u s s e l l ' s The Union S p y o r t h e B a t t l e o f S h i l o h . T h e R e p u b l i c a n n o t e d t h a t "the p i e c e was b r o u g h t o u t i n f i n e s h a p e " many o f t h e p e r f o r m e r s h a d n e v e r b e e n o n s t a g e b e f o r e . 1 8 6 Later t h a t season, l o c a l t a l e n t presented H.M.S. Pinafore.187 Like o t h e r amateur performances t h i s was w e l l a t t e n d e d . I n fact, t h e Courier noted t h a t every seat i n the parquet and parquet c i r c l e w a s t a k e n t h e same d a y t h a t t h e b o x o f f i c e was o p e n e d . 1 8 8 I n March o f 1 8 8 8 a n o p e r e t t a e n t i t l e d The N a i a d Queen was t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e s e a s o n . T h e o p e r e t t a u t i l i z e d o v e r 200 c h i l d r e n a n d a n u m b e r o f l o c a l a d u l t s i n a " w o n d e r o u s p a g e a n t . " T h e R e p u b l i c a n r e v i e w e r was e n t h u s i a s t i c ; " a l l amateur p r o d u c t i o n s p a l e b e f o r e t h e s p l e n d o r s o f t h i s f a i r y pageant," h e exclaimed. I n t h e c l o s i n g scene "The e n t i r e capacious s t a g e o f t h e O p e r a House i s t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o a g l i t t e r i n g g r o t t o , which f o r elaborateness and splendor has never had a c o u n t e r p a r t h e r e . " " T w o hundred o r more s p r i t e s , f a i r i e s , nymphs, n a i a d s , d r y a d s , a n d o t h e r i m m o r t a l s , " t h e c r i t i c r e p o r t e d , " a r e assembled i n a v a s t a m p h i t h e a t r e a t t h e r e a r o f t h e s t a g e ; i n f r o n t gorgeous t r o p i c a l p l a n t s a r e s e e n , on t o p o f w h i c h b e a u t i f u l nymphs o r n a i a d s a r e s t a n d i n g 186Republican, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 8 7 . 187Republican, 2 2 A p r i l 1 8 8 7 . 1 8 8 C o u r i e r, 3 0 A p r i l 1 8 8 7 , p . 1 . �9 clining. . . ."189 I n 1 8 9 0 a p e r f o r m a n c e o f The P o a c h e r ' s Doom was mounted f o r t h e b e n e f i t press described i t o f the Coldwater City as "an excellent performance" i n which "the c h a r a c t e r s were sustained i n a manner t h a t would have done c r e d i t to professionals."190 Later t h a t year amateurs performed i n a p r o d u c t i o n o f Davy Crockett which f e a t u r e d a natural waterfall, r e a l i s t i c snow storm, b a t t l e w i t h wolves and " t h e q u i c k e s t m a r r i a g e o n r e c o r d . " 1 9 1 Amateurs f r o m H i l l s d a l e j o u r n e y e d t o C o l d w a t e r i n 1891 t o present Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience.192 I n January o f 1893 t h e Ladies A u x i l i a r y o f t h e Y. M . C . A . s p o n s o r e d the o p e r e t t a The F l o w e r Queen.193 Dress Rehearsal A formed i n June o f 1894, u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e S t . Marks Church A i d S o c i e t y. 1 9 4 particular . . . l i g h t f u l l y sung. T h i s operetta "was a success i n every n i c e l y staged, b e a u t i f u l l y . . Amateur m u s i c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s , however, w e r e n o t 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 Republican, 3 A p r i l 1888. C o u r i e r, 2 9 Mar. 1 8 9 0 , p . Courier, 1 8 Oct. 1890, 1. P. Republican, 21 May 1891. Courier, 2 8 Jan. 1893, p . C o u r i e r, 5 May 1894, p . Courier, 9 June 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. 8. 1. �96 as p r e v a l e n t d u r i n g t h e H e n n i n g y e a r s a s d u r i n g T i b b i t s ' management. T h e N o s s F a m i l y p r e s e n t e d t h e i r i n s t r u m e n t a l a n d vocal entertainment i n 1888 and again i n 1889. tainment was judged " n o t u p t o t h e h i g h e s t s t y l e o f t h e Classical" but "entertaining.„196 Other l o c a l sented v o c a l c o n c e r t s and t h e Coldwater Amateur M i n s t r e l s and F i t z p a t r i c k a n d J o s l y n ' s M i n s t r e l s p e r f o r m e d s e v e r a l times t o a seemingly s k e p t i c a l audience. T h e Courier noted i n 1 8 8 7 t h a t " t h o s e who w e n t e x p e c t i n g t o s e e a t e r r i b l e bad e n t e r t a i n m e n t w e r e d i s a p p o i n t e d . . . ,"197and i n 1891, the same p a p e r n o t e d t h a t "some o f t h e j o k e s w e r e o r i g i n a l " i n t h e F i t z p a t r i c k a n d J o s l y n M i n s t r e l Show. 198 Many l o c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s m o u n t e d e n t e r t a i n m e n t s t o r a i s e m o n e y. T h e L a d i e s A u x i l i a r y o f t h e Y. M . C . A . p r e s e n t e d "An E v e n i n g o f D i c k e n s " w h i c h w a s j u d g e d " a g r e a t t i s t i c a l l y as w e l l as f i n a n c i a l l y. " 1 9 9 Marks d i d t a b l e a u x f r o m Ben H u r 200 w h i l e The L a d i e s o f S t . t h e Maccabees s t a g e d an e n t e r t a i n m e n t i n 1 8 9 4 w h i c h i n c l u d e d B u f f a l o B i l l a n d h i s cowboys, a n d a n a t t a c k o n a s t a g e c o a c h . 2 0 1 196 197 19 199 200 201 Republican, 1 0 May 1889. Courier, 1 J a n . 1 8 8 7 , p . Courier, 3 1 O c t . 1 8 9 1 , 5. P• 8 . Courier, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 8 8 , p . 5. C o u r i e r, 8 N o v. 1 8 9 0 , P . 1. Courier, 6 J a n . 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. �9 Synopsis During the f i r s t n i n e years o f the T i b b i t s h a d a number o f managers y e t t h e programming changed v e r y exercise l i t t l e . l i t t l e E v i d e n t l y the i n d i v i d u a l managers c o u l d control over either the quality or type o f production because t h e y were f o r c e d t o engage companies e n route between D e t r o i t and Chicago. T h u s , t h e managers o f big c i t y theatres determined the types o f l e g i t i m a t e drama available. S i n c e most companies a v a i l a b l e were composed largely of r e l a t i v e l y unknown i n d i v i d u a l s world, t h e quality i n the the theatrical o f a production could not be determined i n advance. O f t e n companies were engaged on t h e b a s i s one o r t w o f a v o r a b l e p r e s s r e v i e w s i n other cities. o f A l s o , many c o m p a n i e s b r o k e t h e i r c o n t r a c t s f r e e l y w h e n t u n i t y o f a n engagement i n a larger c i t y appeared. Some c h a n g e s i n t h e d r a m a t i c t a s t e s of the public are e v i d e n t d u r i n g t h e Henning years. M i n s t r e l shows l o s t p o p u l a r i t y while v a r i e t y and vaudeville gained tance, a l t h o u g h cepted u n t i l i n Coldwater, v a u d e v i l l e was n o t t h e J a c k s o n management. Y e t , i n the early 90's the c o m p l e x i o n o f comedy had a l t e r e d t o s u c h a n e x t e n t t h a t many c o m e d i e s w e r e l i t t l e m o r e t h a n v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . The t h e a t r e r e m a i n e d i n a p r e c a r i o u s t i o n throughout most o f Henning's t e n u r e . A g a i n , however, the m u l t i p l i c i t y o f function o f the Ti b b i t s saved �9 i n g H e n n i n g ' s management t h e t h e a t r e c o n t i n u e d t o h o u s e a l l the e v e n t s d e s c r i b e d i n C h a p t e r I I . manager b r o u g h t i n I n a d d i t i o n , t h e German a r t exhibits, conventions, a marionette show a n d e v e n a c i r c u s s i d e s h o w . T h e p r o p o s e d c o n v e r s i o n of t h e Opera House f o r i n d u s t r i a l uses i n 1889 meant t h e loss o f the town's major public h a l l , c u l t u r a l c e n t e r, a n d sports a r e n a . A l t h o u g h Henning faced f i n a n c i a l in the 9 0 ' s , he held on to the Tibbits r a t h e r than see i t lost t o Coldwater. T h u s , Henning's determination k e p t t h e Opera House i n o p e r a t i o n a n d p a v e d t h e w a y f o r t h e J a c k s o n management w h i c h f o r t h e f i r s t at a p r o f i t . t i m e succeeded �Chapter I V JOHN T . J A C K S O N Y E A R S , J U L Y 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 0 4 T h e a t r e a n d management John J a c k s o n t o o k o v e r t h e management o f in the spring ning. I n the Tibbits o f 1894, soon a f t e r his marriage t o a n i n t e r v i e w, Josephine Henning Beyer, ning's younger daughter, described h e r b r o t h e r - i n agement o f t h e Opera House a s " s u p e r b . " " U n d e r the superb management o f J o h n T . J a c k s o n , " s h e s a i d , " C o l d w a t e r r e c e i v e d the j o y o f witnessing the v e r y best o f dramas, operas, bands and o r c h e s t r a s , a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r amusements i n theatre."1 Jackson managed t h e t h e a t r e for the next ten years. T h e n f o r a t h e n modern his father-in-law on July 14, 1904, ning transferred the theatre t o h i s daughter Huldah,2 and Jackson and she were a c t i v e l y engaged i n i t s management u n t i l 1920 when t h e t h e a t r e was s o l d t o Dennis Va n e s . 3 account, however w i l l T h i s o n l y f o l l o w t h e J a c k s o n management Josephine H e n n i n g B e y e r, " F o r m e r Owner R e c a l l s Some Fond M e m o r i e s . . . N e v e r M i s s e d a P l a y When B u s i n e s s i n I t s P r i m e . " C o l d w a t e r D a i l y R e p o r t e r, 1 4 N o v. 1 9 5 9 , p . 1 . 2Coldwater R e g i s t e r o f Deeds. 1 "Coldwater R e g i s t e r o f Deeds. 9 �"""11111 100 through 1904 when Henning s o l d t h e T i b b i t s . Jackson was t h e Tibbits. B o t h f i r s t " t h e a t r i c a l man" t o Bart Ti b b i t s and Henning had dabbled a t r e a s a n a d j u n c t t o o t h e r careers b u t Jackson was t h e first t o devote h i m s e l f completely t o t h e Opera knowledge o f the administrative aspects o f theatre he gained while p r e v i o u s l y managing a number o f road companies gave h i m the b u s i n e s s acumen t o make a f i n a n c i a l s u c c e s s o f town t h e a t r e a t a t i m e when many o t h e r Opera Houses, f e e l i n g the i n c r e a s i n g p r e s s u r e o f t h e T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e , w e r e closing their doors. In 1895, t h e Republican r e p o r t e d t h a t Jackson was going t o New Yo r k t o b o o k " a c l a s s o f attractions ther season which he promises w i l l be second t o none o t h e r seen i n a n y o n e - n i g h t - s t a n d t h e a t r e i n sonal acquaintance and experience i n ent o r stationary the state, the business f o r the l a s t twelve years w i l l enable h i m t o d o . " 4 doubtless Appreciating the power and scope o f the T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e , h e made e v e r y a t t e m p t t o dicate shows and d u r i n g the 1896-97 season the T i b b i t s booked several Frohman productions which stopped o f f w h i l e e n r o u t e from t h e Empire T h e a t r e i n Detroit t o Chicago theatres. B y 4The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n , 1 4 M a y 1 8 9 5 . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened lican. footnote �101 the f a l l o f 1897, however, t h e Syndicate stopped b o o k i n g a t the T i b b i t s , a p p a r e n t l y c o n c l u d i n g t i n t t h i s one-night-stand was n o t p r o f i t a b l e , a l t h o u g h a s l a t e a s 1 9 0 0 O t i s Syndicate a c t o r, stopped o f f at the Tibbits. House c o u l d n o t command t h e t y p e W h i l e t h e Opera o f audiences t o become a Syndicate House, b y "guaranteeing performances,"5 Jackson evidently persuaded the T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate o c c a s i o n a l l y t o book a p r o d u c t i o n . T h e m a j o r i t y o f shows a f t e r 1897 came t o the T i b b i t s f r o m t h e D e t r o i t Lyceum T h e a t r e , a n o n - S y n d i c a t e house. Jackson made a number o f changes w h i c h s t r e a m l i n e d the management o f t h e Opera House. I n 1894 t h e ported t h a t he invented a t i c k e t r a c k which would show a t glance t h e r o w, s e c t i o n and number o f e v e r y s e a t a i n quet, dress c i r c l e and p r i v a t e boxes. P r e v i o u s l y the p u b l i c was a c c u s t o m e d t o bundles o f tickets " t h e tedious handling over and over o f to find larged the box o ff i c e 7 a n d , t h e right In 1898 t o increase the comfort p u b l i c , e l e c t r i c f a n s were a l s o added i n t h e same y e a r. 8 5Republican, 1 7 Jan. 1896. 6The C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n , 3 0 J u n e 1 8 9 4 , p . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o C o u r i e r. 7The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n , 8 A p r i l 1 8 9 8 , p . 1. Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e r e f e r e n c e s t o t h i s newspaper w i l l b e s h o r t e n e d t o C&R. 8C&R, 2 6 A u g . 1 8 9 8 , p . 5. 1. �102 By 1 8 9 7 - 9 8 , J a c k s o n r e m o v e d t h e o l d g r o o v e s u p o n w h i c h the s c e n e r y r a n . T h e were moved b a c k s i x making t w e l v e f e e t girders which o r i g i n a l l y supported them feet on either side o f o f the stage thus additional wing space. T h e Weekly C o u r i e r r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e s e changes w e r e made t o "make t h e stage s u f f i c i e n t l y commodious t o accommodate a n y ery t h a t may be c a r r i e d b y t r a v e l i n g companies."9 e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t was r a i s e d f r o m 56 t o 11 0 v o l t s . In 1904, s h o r t l y atre f i r e a t 1900, 10 the i n Chicago, The C o u r i e r and Republican campaigned t o "correct the der after the I n f a u l t y construction o f the Opera House" i t more safe i n case o f fire. O n January 4 proposed t h a t t h e t h e a t r e management s h o u l d ( 1 ) t a k e t h e a n g l e out o f t h e s t a i r s l e a d i n g t o t h e b a l c o n y, ( 2 ) e n l a r g e t h e vestibule and allow floor, ( 3 ) for additional exits from the lower eliminate the row o f chairs by the and ( 4 ) e l i m i n a t e t h e f r o n t s t o r m d o o r s t h a t b l o c k e d s p e e d y e x i t . 11 F o u r days l a t e r , Mayor Campbell closed t h e Opera House u n t i l J a c k s o n c o u l d o b t a i n a w r i t t e n 9The W e e k l y C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , 1 3 J u n e 1 8 9 6 , p . Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l f o o t n o t e references t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be shortened t o Weekly Courier. 10C&A, 9 M a r . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. t i c & P, 4 Jan. 1904, p . 1. 5. �103 safety from the board o f o n l y made a l l building inspectors.12 Jackson not t h e changes proposed b y the press b u t tion he obtained a s t e e l f i r e curtain tuted a s p r i n k l e r system i n the f l i e s for the stage a n d backstage. February 17 t h e press reported t h a t "manager Jackson had placed a pair o f ingeniously constructed swinging doors i n the new e x i t s at been p l a c e d i n that f i f t y t h e Opera House. . the new hallways." f i r s t House, J a c k s o n f o u n d E l e c t r i c l i g h t s have article also indicated t i m e since the opening of i t necessary to raise the admission t h e more p o p u l a r shows. M a n y companies were n o t willing to stop- o ff the manager s e t prices. T h e . n e w seats had been added i n t h e For t h e price f o r . A s at the Tibbits f o r o n l y one n i g h t u n l e s s t i c k e t r a t e s 25O t o 50O h i g h e r t h a n e a r l y as 1894, t h e press began to complain about the h i g h p r i c e s a t the Tibbits.15 T h e Courier and Republican claimed t h a t Jackson had complete c o n t r o l of ticket prices the O p e r a House and c o n s i s t e n t l y c h a r g e d more f o r than nearby towns d i d . 1 6 replied that In answer t o 2. C&R, 1 8 J a n . 1 9 0 4 , p . 2. 14C&R, 1 7 F e b . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 1 C o u r i e r, 1 0 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 1 . 16CAR, 2 A p r i l 1901, p . 1. at attractions this charge, Jackson f i r s t - c l a s s companies stipulated the 12C&R, 8 J a n . 1 9 0 4 , p . 13 c i t y �10 admission i n their contracts.17 agents r e f u s e d h i s demands f o r He i n d i c a t e d t h a t m a n y a lower price scale on tickets and o f f e r e d t o c a n c e l t h e i r c o n t r a c t s i f he could not meet their terms.18 By 1 9 0 0 T h e C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n f u r t h e r e d tack on Jackson by not carrying Ti b b i t s ads o r providing pre-show p u b l i c i t y and r e v i e w s . F o r t u n a t e l y , t h e Reporter, a comparatively new p a p e r, c o n t i n u e d t o c o v e r t h e Opera House. A year l a t e r, The Courier and Republican's attacks son h a d become a l m o s t a v e n d e t t a , w i t h t h e p a p e r p u b l i s h i n g a r t i c l e s w i t h lead sentences such as "Manager Jackson v i e i n g with the bank clock tricks . . . i n misleading the public" and "At Manager Jackson s t i l l his old t r y i n g to hoodwink According t o The Courier and Republican, lished "misleading articles concerning attractions." per continued t h a t " . . . s o f r e q u e n t l y had Mr. ceived t h e p u b l i c t h a t t h e people do n o t l a r g e l y attend when a company does happen t o b e counts i n a l l right."20 Contemporary t h e R e p o r t e r i n d i c a t e d t h a t m o s t shows were e n j o y i n g good a t t e n d a n c e i n 17 the early 1900's. C&R, 2 4 D e c . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1. 18The C o l d w a t e r R e p o r t e r , 4 F e b . 1 9 0 3 , p . 3. Throughout t h e r e s t o f t h i s c h a p t e r, a l l erences t o t h i s newspaper w i l l be 3h0rtened t o R e p o r t e r. 19C&R, 2 9 M a r . 1 9 0 1 , p . 1 ; a n d 20C&R, 2 9 M a r . 1 9 0 1 , p . 1. ' A p r i l 1901, P. 1. �105 By 1 9 0 2 t h e a t t a c k s b e c a m e m o r e v i c i o u s . A February 7 t h a r t i c l e somehow came t o t h e f a n t a s t i c c o n c l u s i o n t h a t was J a c k s o n ' s f a u l t that i t a B a t t l e Creek t h e a t r i c a l manager utilized false advertising.21 On F e b r u a r y 4 , T h e C o u r i e r and R e p u b l i c a n c h i d e d t h e R e p o r t e r f o r d e f e n d i n g J a c k s o n a n d suggested t h a t " o n e would h a r d l y expect t h a t gan w o u l d s e l l i t s influence i n a rich support o f such cause."22 The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n d i d h a v e t o a d m i t g r u d g i n g l y that "Mr. Jackson i s tractions . . . giving Coldwater a better class than ever before. . . ."23 H o w e v e r, ticle on October 30, 1900 indicates t h a t the basis dramatic c r i t i c i s m had changed. T h e revelation i n local reviewer wrote about "a t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f f a r c e comedy" i n "Hoyt h a p p i l y conceived t h e i d e a f o r which of sketching a plot, a mere framework embracing t h e cream o f v a u d e v i l l e a n d b u r l e s q u e a r t i s t s , and presenting them i n f i r s t class educated t h e p u b l i c and e l e v a t e d t h e s t a n d a r d o f so i t a t present occupies a high place • • • • n24 I n i n the public mind 1904 t h e Reporter wrote: " P e o p l e go t o theatre t o be entertained. Gloomy plays, except 21C&R, 22 23 7 Feb. 1902, p. 5. C&R, 4 Feb. 1902, p. 1. C&R, 31 24C&R, f a r c e comedy Jan. 1902, p. 5. 30 O c t . 1900, p. 1. i n the �10 stances, a r e n o t f a v o r a b l y received. A u d i e n c e s , e s p e c i a l l y women a u d i e n c e s , l i k e t o have t h e i r feelings wrought upon t o a c e r t a i n extent; t h e y even enjoy an opportunity t o shed a few t e a r s . B u t they also l i k e t o have the tears followed by l a u g h t e r, t h e y want t h e s u n t o come o u t between t h e c l o u d s . " 2 5 Thus, t h e R e p u b l i c a n ' s r e v i e w e r, who w r o t e t h e t o r i a l o n " q u a l i t y drama" f o l l o w i n g t h e T i b b i t s ' i n a u g u r a l performance i n 1885 may have r e f e r r e d t o many o f I 9 0 0 ' s "good c l a s s o f attractions" as " f l u f f " a n d Legitimate drama L e g i t i m a t e drama f o l l o w e d t h e c o u r s e mapped o u t mer y e a r s . M e l o d r a m a s , p a s t o r a l p l a y s , f a r c e a n d sations continued t o dominate. C h a r l e s Hoyt and Clyde F i t c h were t h e m o s t p o p u l a r p l a y w r i g h t s . T h e press vendetta against Jackson and t h e C o u r i e r and R e p u b l i c a n ' s subsequent r e f u s a l p r i n t m o s t t h e a t r e s t o r i e s make i t period. T h e d i ff i c u l t to t o R e p o r t e r r a n a d s i n d i c a t i n g names a n d d a t e s o f shows, h o w e v e r , t h e a t r i c a l r e v i e w i n g was u n e v e n . reviews began "People s a y . . . " so i t O f t e n the c a n be assumed t h a t the r e v i e w e r d i d n ' t e v e n a t t e n d t h e p r o d u c t i o n . H o w e v e r , t h e Reporter d i d c o v e r t h e shows t h e y considered noteworthy so this discussion w i l l u t i l i z e those reviews. 25Reporter, 3 1 O c t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 2. �107 Combination Plays F r o m Fall o f 1894 through t h e 1895-96 season a number o f Frohman shows a p p e a r e d a t t h e T i b b i t s . The C h a r i t y B a l l a p p e a r e d i n N o v e m b e r o f 1 8 9 4 . Clay Clement s t a r r e d one."26 I n J a n u a r y, i n The New Dominion and " d i s a p p o i n t e d no Later t h a t season l o c a l theatre-goers saw mans' C h a r l e y ' s A u n t a n d T h e G i r l I L e f t Behind Me. lowing season, Gustave Frohman's Sowing t h e Wind was " f i n e l y put o n t h e stage b y and t h o s e f i n e a l l the accessories attention to details Frohman's a t t r a c t i o n s . " 2 7 o f the manager's a r t that Later t h a t y e a r Daniel Frohman brought Our F l a t s and Gustave returned w i t h DeMille co's The Wife. A c c o r d i n g attended and a " p l a y t o t h e C o u r i e r, The Wife was w e l l of merit."28 Farce a n d s c e n i c a t t r a c t i o n s c o n t i n u e d t o ences i n the 1894-95 and 1895-96 seasons. tured a locomotive and t r a i n passed o v e r t h e s t a g e " a t S i o f cars 150 feet long which l i g h t e n i n g speed."29 utilized twenty-eight sets The F a s t M a i l o f calcium light cylinders i n the Niagara F a l l s scene.30 The f a r c e p r o d u c t i o n s u s e d a v e r y l o o s e l y c o n s t r u c t e d 26Republican, 11 J a n . 1895. 27Weekly C o u r i e r , 5 Oct. 1895, p . S. 28Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , p . 5. 29Republican, 2 Oct. 1894. 30Week1y C o u r i e r , 4 A p r i l 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 �108 plot as an excuse t o introduce comic s p e c i a l t i e s . T h e Crook f e a t u r e d s p e c i a l t i e s and l i v i n g p i c t u r e s . 3 1 Black Edgwood Folks included a " b u t t e r f l y dance" b y Annie The Garrick Burlesque Companies' a d a p t a t i o n o f DuMaurier's T r i l b y was i n t e r e s t i n g s c e n i c a l l y " b u t a s t h e l a s t s c e n e s e e m e d t o be e n t i r e l y c u t , w e c a n n o t s a y w h a t a t t r a c t i o n s t h e N e w Y o r k Club house m i g h t have p r e s e n t e d . " 3 3 A number o f o t h e r scenic sensation-farces such as The Dazzler, The H u s t l e r, and Miss H a r u m S c a r -urn r e c e i v e d n o m e n t i o n i n t h e p r e s s . I t ' s clear, h o w e v e r, t h a t J a c k s o n was w i l l i n g to go t o great lengths t o accommodate t h e s c e n i c p l a y s . 1896, he erected an e n t i r e I n second s t o r y t e n f e e t a b o v e t h e s t a g e t o accommodate t h e hotel scene i n A Bunch o f Keys.34 I r i s h d r a m a s c o n t i n u e d t o command a u d i e n c e s . T i m . the T i n k e r w i t h John E. Brennan, O ' H o o l i g a n ' s Masquerade, a n d K i l l a r n y and t h e Rhine played between 1894 and 96. T h e town guaranteed a performance o f The Merchant o f Venice b y f o r d S p e n c e r O ' B r i e n C o m p a n y. T h e C o m p a n y w a s b i l l e d a s " t h e o r i g i n a l s u p p o r t i n g company o f Edwin B o o t h and ret."35 T h e Republican wrote t h a t "Mind, heart and eyes are 31Re_pub1ican, 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 5 . 32Republican, 2 5 Jan. 1695. 3 3Weekly C o u r i e r, 2 3 N o v. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 34 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1. 35We‘,k1y C o u r i e r , 1 4 M a r . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1. �109 claimed b y t h e s t a g e p r o d u c t i o n o f The Merchant o f The W e e k l y C o u r i e r w r o t e t h a t Venice."36 a capacity audience viewed r i c h and b e a u t i f u l costumes and a w e l l -staged piece.37 There were f e w changes i n the 1896-99 seasons. T h e Limited M a i l was f o l l o w e d a month l a t e r b y The F a s t M a i l w i t h the r e v i e w e r remarking t h a t i f the " M a i l had tracked, o r met w i t h a head end o r r e a r end c o l l i s i o n before i t reached Coldwater, a Coldwater audience would have been spared two h o u r s o f d r e a r y d r i b b l e . . . ."38 Other dramas i n c l u d e d I n O l d K e n t u c k y, E d i t h a ' s B u r g l a r , H o w H o p p e r Was S i d e T r a c k e d a n d O n t h e W a b a s h . I n a r e v i e w o f On t h e Wa b a s h t h e C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n c r i t i c i z e d matic a c t i n g s t y l e . " S i n c e r i t y E a r l y h a s t h e common f a u l t t h a t seems t o o v e r t a k e s o many who a p p e a r b e f o r e lights, and that i s o f t a l k i n g unnaturally, s t a g y and f a s t , so s h e c o u l d n o t b e u n d e r s t o o d . W h e n s u c h p l a y e r s l e a r n t o 'hold the m i r r o r up t o nature' and appear natural w i l l be f a r more acceptable t o . . they t h e i r audience."39 The r e v i e w o f A t t h e F r e n c h B a l l s u m m a r i z e d peal o f t h e huge number o f farces t h a t appeared on t h e stage in 1896-99. . . . The play i s one o f those k i n d 36Republican, 2 0 Mar. 1896. 37Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 8 M a r. 1 8 9 6 , p . 38Weekly C o u r i e r , 5 F e b . 1 8 9 7 , p . 3 9 CAR, 2 8 O c t . 1 8 9 8 , p . 5. J. 1. of creations �11 0 that one enjoys when he has had a good dinner and has n o t h i n g else t o do b u t sible."4o t o gaze and laugh, and f e e l as Frenchy Most o f t h e comedies came f r o m t h e Lyceum T h e a t r e i n D e t r o i t and f e a t u r e d "unknown" a c t o r s . T h e men f e a t u r e d P a u l C a z e n e u v e , a y o u n g r o m a n t i c a c t o r , w h i l e The N a n c y H a n k s f e a t u r e d o n e M a r i e J a n s e n . A n Enemy t o t h e King s t a r r e d John G r i f f i t h w h o was supposedly a E. H . S o t h e r n . 4 1 Prices were l o w f o r most o f ances s o t h e y d r e w good a u d i e n c e s . I n 1897 t h e chants sponsored A Sure T h i n g and gave f r e e tickets f o r the entertainment. S t e r e o p t i c a n slides advertising the l o c a l stores entertained the audience during act breaks.42 The m o r e r e a l i s t i c p l a y s b y H e r n e , G i l l e t t e dou w e r e a l s o w e l l a t t e n d e d . G i l l e t t e ' s H e l d b y t h e Enemy gave " m e a s u r a b l e s a t i s f a c t i o n " a l t h o u g h t h e w a i t s b e t w e e n acts were "tedious."43 T h e cast o f S a r d o u ' s Madame S a n s G e n e was s t r o n g w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f o n e a c t o r a n d " t h e c o s t u m e s were m a g n i f i c e n t a n d t r u e t o t h e p e r i o d o f t h e t i m e s , staging was p e r f e c t i n a l l i t s accessories."44 Manager son a l s o b r o u g h t H e r n e s ' S h o r e A c r e s t o t h e T i b b i t s . 4oC&R, 7 J a n . 1 8 9 8 , p . 41C&R, 2 0 J a n . 1 8 9 9 , p . 42UR, 1 4 May 1897, p . 43C&R, 2 6 A u g . 1 8 9 8 , p . 8. 1. 8. 5. 44C&R, 1 0 D e c . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1 2 . T h e �111 press wrote t h a t t h e p l a y of farm l i f e ". . . deals with the surroundings a n d t h e home u p o n t h e f a r m , a n d p o r t r a y s t h e scenes s o v i v i d l y a n d n a t u r a l l y t h a t e v e r y b o y whose l i f e f i r s t commenced o n t h e f a r m w i l l remember." describing the scenes as " r e a l i s t i c acting as " t r u e was t e r m e d a to l i f e "political i n and place."45 the extreme" and the H o y t ' s A Te x a s S t e e r satire."46 In 1897, Walker Whitesides appeared as Hamlet. T h e Courier and Republican suggested t h a t Whitesides would be a more a c c e p t a b l e H a m l e t the p l a y e r s . " W h i l e i f he would f o l l o w h i s own advice t o he gave a splendid r e n d i t i o n 'suiting the action to the word,' his Hamlet i s s t i l l i t of his lines, must be confessed effeminate, and though polished and rounded lacked depth and breadth, and i s wanting i n that idealization that makes Hamlet, H a m l e t . " 4 7 The 1 8 9 9 - 1 9 0 0 s e a s o n a n d t h e 1 9 0 1 - 1 9 0 2 s e a s o n s w e r e outstanding m a i n l y because o f ferings. S i x and 1 9 0 2 . t h e number o f Charles o f Hoyt's musical farces played between 1899 O t h e r farce and vaudeville combinations during this p e r i o d included The F i n i s h India; The Span o f o f Mr. Fresh; My F r i e n d f r o m L i f e , advertised as a gymnastic p l a y and 45C&R, 1 8 F e b . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 2 . 46CkR, 8 D e c . 1 8 9 9 , p . 8. 47c&R, 1 O c t . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1 . �11 2 f e a t u r i n g t h e Donazattas;48 K i n g Dado; B r o w n ' s i n To w n ; a n d The R o y a l B o x w h i c h w a s a n o t h e r " s e n s a t i o n a l c o m e d y o f n o special merit.°49 While r e a l i s m was t h e t r e n d plays w r i t t e n around the t u r n Coldwater. T h e i n most o f the b e t t e r o f t h e c e n t u r y , f e w made i t to press reception o f those which did appear i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e s m a l l t o w n was e a g e r t o a c c e p t t h e new trend. However, plays a t t h e y evidently could not book the newer t h e Opera House a s l o n g as t h e companies were i n demand a t larger theatres. I n 1900 A Poor R e l a t i o n impressed the l o c a l paper because o f its lack sensation. T h e o f dependence o n s c e n i c Courier and Republican wrote "The scenes were quiet, easy, n a t u r a l and n e a r l y h a l f the time there was n o t a word spoken. I t was t h e unspoken words t h a t were suggested to t h e a u d i e n c e b y t h e s i t u a t i o n t h a t made t h e tive. it I t was so t r u e forgets that acting."50 i t i s t o nature t h a t one who i s o n l y a play. T h a t I n 1 9 0 3 M a r y Shaw a p p e a r e d i n the r e v i e w e r i n d i c a t e d a s t r o n g i n t e r e s t play" t h e house was n o t l a r g e . T h e i s the essence o f Ibsen's Ghosts. i n 49C&R, 2 6 M a r . 1 9 0 1 , p . 50C&R, 7 D e c . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. 1. W h i l e this "remarkable Reporter wrote t h a t the play was " r e m a r k a b l e i n gloomy theme, u n u s u a l i n 48Reporter, 2 6 O c t . 1 9 0 1 , p . looking at 5. the small �11 3 number i n t h e c a s t a n d o u t o f t h e o r d i n a r y i n t h e s k i l l acting required and the presentation." H e of continued t h a t "there were b u t f i v e c h a r a c t e r s i n the p l a y and not change o f c o s t u m e o r s c e n e r y . S u c c e s s d e p e n d s a l o n e u p o n clever and capable a c t i n g and t h e s t r o n g i n t e r e s t aroused i n the t h e m e . " 5 1 In 1904 Charles Hanford and Marie Dorfnak appeared i n Ta m i n g o f t h e S h r e w . T h e Reporter labeled Miss Dorfnak " a fine Katherine" and s a i d t h a t " t h i s i s t h e shrew peare d r e w. " 5 2 Later that year Harrison J . Wolfe appeared i n Hamlet. C a l l i n g Wolfe's Hamlet " s u r p r i s i n g l y good" viewer continued t h a t he was a " g r a c e f u l " a c t o r strated "mental and a t h l e t i c vigor."53 The n u m b e r o f c o m e d i e s w h i c h i n c l u d e d creased. I n fact, i t was growing d i f f i c u l t t o between p u r e comedy and v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . M a n y of the shows i n t r o d u c e d v a u d e v i l l e a c t s b e t w e e n s c e n e s a n d b e f o r e and a f t e r t h e s h o w . T h e Liberty Pelles featured "the Pink Pajama G i r l " w h i l e J u s t S t r u c k To w n a d v e r t i s e d a s i d e s h o w . 5 5 Tw e n t y - f i v e s i n g i n g and d a n c i n g g i r l s w e r e i n c l u d e d 5 1 R e p o r t e r, 3 D e c . 1 9 0 3 , p . 2. 5 2 R e p o r t e r, 2 4 May 1 9 0 4 , p . 5 3 R e p o r t e r, 2 5 N o v. 1 9 0 4 , p . 2. 5 4 R e p o r t e r, 2 9 J a n . 1 9 0 3 , p . 3. 5 5 R e p o r t e r, 6 M a r. 1 9 0 1 , p . 3. �11 Head W a i t e r s C o m p a n y. 5 6 The T i b b i t s a l s o c o n t i n u e d t o f e a t u r e m e l o d r a m a s a n d pastoral plays. N o t a b l e among these was The t e r which was " A b e a u t i f u l s t o r y of the present i n g L o v e , P a t h o s , H a t e a n d P a s s i o n , " 5 7 a n d Was S h e t o B l a m e with "a laugh a n d a t e a r blending i n sweet melody forming a radium o f that i s a l l sublime."58 Of t h e 3 7 6 p l a y s p r e s e n t e d i n the decade 1904, m e l o d r a m a s , p a s t o r a l p l a y s , f a r c e a n d s c e n i c s e n s a t i o n s continued t o draw the greatest audiences. Newspaper reviews r e v e a l e d some a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r the new r e a l i s t i c drama, b u t few r e a l i s t i c p l a y s appeared o n t h e T i b b i t s v i l l e and farce had grown so s i m i l a r t h a t one could o f t e n not d i s t i n g u i s h between t h e two. Repertory Companies T h i r t y - o n e repertory peared a t t h e T i b b i t s between 1894 a n d 1904. M o s t stayed f o r a week and p l a y e d a combination o f f a r c e comedies and old-time favorites. Some also played the I r i s h mas w h i c h a l w a y s d r e w l a r g e a u d i e n c e s i n C o l d w a t e r . M a n y repertory companies began t o acts o r as p a r t o f o f f e r vaudeville e i t h e r between the entertainment. I n 1898 t h e s t o c k company w h i c h o c c u p i e d t h e Opera 56Reporter, 2 3 S e p t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 57Reporter, 2 8 O c t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 58Reporter, 2 8 O c t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. �11 5 House d u r i n g t h e l o c a l m e r c h a n t s ' S t r e e t F a i r w a s b i l l e d a s "capable o f g i v i n g h i g h c l a s s comedy o r drama, o r continuous v a u d e v i l l e , a s t h e o c c a s i o n may demand." T h e company a l s o gave o p e n a i r c o n c e r t s f r o m t h e t h e a t r e b a l c o n y . 5 9 d e r s o n T h e a t r e C o m p a n y, w h i c h a p p e a r e d a y e a r l a t e r , featured seven s c e n i c p l a y s w i t h v a u d e v i l l e between a c t s . v i l l e s e g m e n t s i n c l u d e d a c t s b y To t Yo u n g , t h e ters, Mac B r a d l e y and Ed Anderson. T h e y shadowgraph p e r f o r m a n c e s . 6 0 Protean A r t i s t also advertised The K e n n e d y P l a y e r s f e a t u r e d N e l l i e K e n n e d y. 6 1 The W i l b u r O p e r a C o m p a n y, G l a s g o w S t o c k C o m p a n y, H u n t s ' I m p e r i a l S t o c k C o m p a n y, a n d t h e Rodney S t o c k Company w e r e a l l after the turn of organizations which appeared t h e century and included vaudeville as p a r t of t h e i r entertainment.62 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Companies panies v i s i t i n g -the c i t y T h e number o f Uncle declined. S t e t s o n ' s Double Monster Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Company made t h r e e s t o p s a t t h e O p e r a House between 1 8 9 6 a n d 1 9 0 3 w h i l e t h e A l W. M a r t i n Company a p p e a r e d twice. T w o o t h e r companies made s i n g l e visits. The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n d e s c r i b e d t h e c h a n g e s w h i c h 59C&R, 1 2 A u g . 1 8 9 8 , p . 6 C&R, 1 3 O c t . 1 8 9 9 , p . 1. 1. 61Reporter, 2 3 Feb. 1 9 0 3 , 6 p• 3 . Reporter, 1 8 O c t . 1 9 0 2 , p . 5 ; 2 2 May 1903, p . 20 A u g . 1 9 0 3 , p . 3 ; and 1 9 N o v . 1 9 0 3 , p . 2 . 3; �11 had a l t e r e d t h e p l a y o v e r t h e y e a r s : is scarcely followed and a l m o s t a c o m e d y. T h e i t i s " T h e story r e a l sentiments o f Mrs. Howe's immortal a g obscured and l o s t by the t r i c k s right's i c J a r t audience l a u g h . I t i s now more l i k e By t h e t u r n had e v i d e n t l y become s o much l i k e ences i t i t o f t r y i n g t o produce something t o make t h e than a n y t h i n g e l s e . " 6 3 sensations t h a t the book s o changed as t o make t h e p l a y work i s i n in a minstrel performance of the century the play other farces and scenic n o l o n g e r c o u l d command t h e enjoyed through the 1880's. Opera a n d O p e r e t t a T h e peared t o f o c u s most o f operas which appeared i n the their attention on spectacle e d y. T h e r e w e r e e i g h t p r o d u c t i o n s o f F a u s t b e t w e e n 1 8 9 5 a n d 1904. I n time, scenery and e l e c t r i c a l e ff e c t s appeared t o become m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h e m u s i c . Courier wrote "The e l e c t r i c a l able."64 I n 1895 t h e Weekly effects are I n 1896 t h e same p a p e r l a b e l e d a p r o d u c t i o n o f Faust " t h e most f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t i o n e v e r seen i n The r e v i e w e r w a s e s p e c i a l l y i m p r e s s e d w i t h t h e f o u r t h a c t , "where M e p h i s t o p h e l e s s t a n d s u p o n t h e summit o f showing F a u s t t h e r e v e l s around t h e base o f o f the Brocken, t h e demons o n Wa l p u r g i s n i g h t the mountain, w i t h flames the g r o u n d t o envelope them and showers o f 63 " C & P, 1 8 D e c . 1 9 0 0 , p . fire 3. Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 5 N o v. 1 8 9 5 , 1.) 1 • �11 7 them f r o m a b o v e . " 6 5 I n 1898 t h e C o u r i e r and marked t h a t some who h a d seen t h e p r o d u c t i o n o n c i t y s t a g e s which u t i l i z e d c o m p l i c a t e d machinery and p o w e r f u l dynamos might have f e l t disappointment. ever, t h a t m o s t o f such f i n e e ff e c t s T h e reviewer t h e Coldwater audience was s u r p r i s e d t h a t could be produced w i t h "the ances a t h a n d . " 6 6 By 1 9 0 1 t h e o p e r a h a d become a ing spectacular pantomime."67 T h e Weekly Courier wrote character i n o f a t h e 1895 p r o d u c t i o n o f Robin Hood, is incongruous f o r so excellent an actor to represent the times o f Robin Hood, p a y i n g a t t e n t i o n t o e v e r y d e t a i l costume a p p r o p r i a t e t o some c h e a p j o k e s o f t h a t period and then mix i n his o f lines t h e present d a y. " 6 8 The O p e r a H o u s e o f f e r e d S o u s a ' s E l C a p i t a n est guarantee ever" i n 1898 b u t t h e audience was d i s a p p o i n t e d with the performance. T h e Courier and Republican wrote t h a t "William C. M a n d e v i l l e descended t o v e r y cheap foonery i n h i s c h a r a c t e r o f E l Capitan a t t h e Opera House when h e s a w t h e a u d i e n c e d i d n o t s h o w a n y g r e a t e n t h u s i a s m over h i s indifferent a c t i n g and singing. weighed h i m a s a n i n f e r i o r artist i n . . 5. 1. 6 7 R e p o r t P r, 1 5 N o v. 1 9 0 1 , p . T h e audience a very few minutes a f t e r 65 Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 5 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , p . 66C&R, 1 1 F e b . 1 8 9 8 , p . . 3. 68Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 6 F e b . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . �11 8 he a p p e a r e d , a n d h e w a s r e c e i v e d a c c o r d i n g l y . have b e e n h i s s e d . . . ."69 H e ought to The p r e - s h o w p u b l i c i t y for the comic o p e r a Wang d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e c o u r s e b e i n g t a k e n b y m o s t l i g h t opera companies. T h e y featured "a banjo chorus rendered by t e n o f t h e c l e v e r e s t and p r e t t i e s t a chorus o f g i r l s i n t h e company; n u r s e r y rhymes g i v e n by s e v e r a l charming t o t s , n o n e o f whom i s over seven years o l d ; l i t t l e a Siamese wedding ceremony r e p r o d u c e d a c c u r a t e l y i n e v e r y d e t a i l , a r e a l steam launch and a r o y a l barge f l o a t i n g among French men-ofanchor i n t h e h a r b o r o f Bangkok; a n d a r e a l l y phant, e i g h t f e e t h i g h , whose method o f four gallon glass o f beer i s getting r i d of a a mystery to the audience."70 Visiting stars The T i b b i t s failed t o a t t r a c t many s t a r s d u r i n g t h e ten y e a r s o f J a c k s o n ' s management. T h e majority of formers were under c o n t r a c t t o t h e T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate and played o n l y i n Syndicate houses. In 1900 O t i s Skinner, a Syndicate a c t o r, t r a v e l e d from the Empire T h e a t r e , bits. T h e stop o f f i n D e t r o i t t o present The L i a r s at p r e s s , n e v e r e x p l a i n i n g how he was persuaded t o a t Coldwater, d i d note t h a t he"gave a v e r y f i n e entertainment a t t h e Opera House l a s t n i g h t to 6 9 C &R, 2 D e c . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 0 . 70Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 5 J a n . 1 8 9 7 , p . 1 0 . a �11 9 ence.n71 Thomas K e e n e r e t u r n e d t o p l a y J u l i u s C a e s a r w i t h "All the o r i g i n a l B o o t h - B a r r e t t s c e n e r y, p r o p e r t i e s a n d a r m o r. " 7 2 The W e e k l y C o u r i e r w r o t e o f K e e n e " . efforts i n J u l i u s Caesar, i t . . a f t e r witnessing his must be said, though i n ness a n d w i t h a f e e l i n g a k i n t o pity, t h a t age has withered the l a u r e l s h e g a t h e r e d t w e n t y years a g o . K e e n e t o w e r s l i k e a volcano whose s e e t h i n g f i r e s h a v e burned i t s the n o b l e f o r m s t i l l present, but the f i r e , heart t h e glow warmth a r e f o r e v e r e x t i n g u i s h e d . " 7 3 Joseph J e f f e r s o n ' s s o n , Thomas, appeared i n 1901 a n d a g a i n i n 1902 a s R i p Va n W i n k l e , t h e mous. T h e role his father R e p o r t e r w r o t e t h a t "Thomas J e f f e r s o n . splendid success and won the h e a r t s by h i s f i n e i m p e r s o n a t i o n o f vagabond."74 o f . . was a his audience immediately t h i s renowned, good Robert M a n t e l l r e t u r n e d f o u r times t o act i n Monbars, S e c r e t Wa r r a n t , a n d The Dagger and t h e C r o s s . view o f sesses a this romantic actor in the l a t t e r said f i n e physique and h i s stage presence i s He p i c t u r e d t h e e m o t i o n s o f love, passion, and revenge i n 71C&R, 2 3 M a r . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. 72Week1y C o u r i e r , 2 8 N o v . 1 8 9 6 , p . 5. 73Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 2 D e c . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 74Reporter, 7 O c t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 2. a �120 m a s t e r l y m a n n e r. . . ."75 Concerts The b i g g e s t m u s i c a l a t t r a c t i o n d u r i n g t h e years o f J a c k s o n ' s management was t h e Sousa Band. T h e band appeared i n 1897 and a g a i n i n 1900 when t h e y f e a t u r e d t h e i r new m a r c h " H a n d s A c r o s s t h e S e a . " 7 6 also made t w o appearances. Methot, a 1895 t h e y brought Miss Minnie l y r i c soprano.77 Remenyi, the turned i n 1896. audience. S i n c e appear i n I n The C h i c a g o M a r i n e B a n d O n v i o l i n t h i s occasion he antagonized the T i b b i t s h i s baggage was missent and he was f o r c e d t o h i s t r a v e l i n g dress he held up the performance u n t i l 9:00 p.m. T h e n he f u r t h e r vented h i s s o u r d i s p o s i t i o n o n the a u d i e n c e w h e n a c h i l d made a playing. " H e s l i g h t noise w h i l e he was deliberately put his left the stage l i k e fiddle under his a c r u s t y o l d curmudgeon."78 The M a r i e D e c c a C o m p a n y a l s o d i d n o t f i n d the l o c a l a u d i e n c e . T h e Weekly Courier wrote t h a t "The s t y l e o f music s u n g and p l a y e d was s u c h as c o u l d be o n l y understood or interpreted by musicians." H e continued that ment means m u c h , a n d a d a p t a t i o n t o c i r c u m s t a n c e s i s 75GUR, 2 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 9 , p . 76 C&R, 2 0 F e b . 1 9 0 0 , p . 5. 1. 77Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 6 O c t . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 7 8 y 2 . 2 k 1 : 2 1 C o u r i e r, 2 5 J a n . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1. the �121 harmony and m e l o d y o f e v e r y d a y l i f e . " 7 9 T h e Boston Ladies Symphony O r c h e s t r a a n d F a d e t t e L a d i e s O r c h e s t r a , b o t h p a r t o f t h e Y. M . C . A . c o u r s e , w e r e m o r e p o p u l a r . I n 1900 t h e Innes Concert Band pleased t h e T i b b i t s audience w i t h s e l e c t i o n s f r o m Faust, T r o v a t o r e , A i d a , a n d Carmen.80 P r i o r t o 1 8 9 6 t h e l o c a l p r e s s seemed p l e a s e d w i t h t h e vocal music a t t r a c t i o n s which played a t the Ti b b i t s . I n 1894 t h e W e e k l y C o u r i e r w r o t e " T h e M a y L e g g e t t pany was m e r i t o r i o u s bers, i n i t s I t joyable. 8 1 . the freshness and variety of s i m p l i c i t y and a c t i o n and t h e ingenuousness o f i t s members. . i n was so u n c l a s s i c a l as t o be A y e a r l a t e r t h e same p a p e r i n f e r r e d f r o m t h e c r o w d a t t e n d i n g t h e Te m p l e Q u a r t e t t e c o n c e r t water c i t i z e n s preferred a musical program t o a l i t e r a r y lecture.82 Beginning i n 1896 reviews o f vocal entertainments were negative. M a n y concerts were n o t even reviewed. T h e Alice Raym C o n c e r t C o m p a n y w a s j u d g e d " f a r b e l o w t h e s t a n d a r d u s u a l l y engaged f o r t h e S t a r E y. m . c . A 3 C o u r s e . " 8 3 T h e White-Morgan 79Week1y C o u r i e r , 1 0 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 80C&R, 4 S e p t . 1 9 0 0 , p . 8. 3. 81Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 2 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 8. 82Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 3 M a r. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 83 Weekly c o u r i e r , 2 3 N o v . 1 3 9 5 , p . 1 0 . �122 Concert Company was " u n s a t i s f a c t o r y t o u s e n o h a r s h e r t e r m . " 8 4 I n 1898 t h e D a v i s C o n c e r t Company " d i d n o t p o s s e s s t h e m e r i t of local talent."85 one v i t a l T h e A r i e l Q u a r t e t Company " . . . lacked quality 'of a musical organization--not one o f the members w a s a v o c a l i s t . " 8 6 Related t h e a t r i c a l activity The T i b b i t s c o n t i n u e d t o h o u s e a w i d e v a r i e t y of entertainments and l o c a l functions not related t o legitimate theatre. son a l l T h e took Y. M . C . A . , S t . A g a t h a ' s G u i l d a n d t h e i r turns a t sponsoring lecture series. few m i n s t r e l companies c o n t i n u e d t o s t o p o f f and the number of v a r i e t y and v a u d e v i l l e shows increased. also served as the political Lectures site A T h e Opera House f o r such dissimilar a c t i v i t i e s as r a l l i e s , dance concerts and a funeral. T h e Y. M . C . A . c o n t i n u e d t o s p o n s o r a l e c t u r e c o u r s e in the 1894-95 and 1895-96 seasons. M o s t o f ments w e r e b o o k e d t h r o u g h t h e M e t r o p o l i t a n M u s i c a l tainment Bureau.87 The 1 8 9 4 - 9 5 s e a s o n i n c l u d e d s i x l e c t u r e s on t o p i c s r a n g i n g f r o m " T h e M a n o f G a l i l e e " t o " A m e r i c a n Nuts; Cracked and Uncracked." M r s . French-Sheldon, t h e "White 8 Weekly C o u r i e r , 11 J a n . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 85C&R, 1 5 J u l y 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 86C&R, 3 A p r i l 1900, p . 1 87 Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 1 J a n . 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . �Elk 123 Queen," l e c t u r e r , i n t r e p i d explorer, p h i l a n t h r o p i s t , author, publisher, s c u l p t o r, " t a l k e d about h e r explorations 8 r i c a 8 w h i l e Wallace Bruce, t h e U.S. Counsel t o Edinburgh 1889-93, s p o k e o n t h e " P h i l o s o p h y o f W i t a n d Humor."89 John B . D e M o t t e g a v e a l e c t u r e o f character building.90 A Judge Ya p l e began t h e 1895-96 season w i t h a l e c t u r e on " P e r s o n a l i t y . " as " a f l o w i n g into prisms o f T h e crystal Weekly Courier described h i s l e c t u r e o f words, here and there c o l o r, t h r o u g h which one caught glimpses o f crimson sunsets, t h e majesty o f the mountains, t h e waving flowers l e y, t h e o f t h e m e a d u w, t h e s w e e t n e s s o f the l i l i e s o f s t i l l n e s s and solemnity o f t h e l e a f y woods, t h e songs of birds, the c e l e s t i a l harmony o f the s t a r r y heavens and t h e roar and thunder o f a thousand Niagaras."91 B r o o k s and Macy presented " a n evening o f p o e t r y, pathos and humor and gave splendid satisfaction."92 tale o f Judge S i d n e y Thomas g a v e " a d r e a r y pessimistic platitudes" which didn't strike ence w i t h m u c h f o r c e s i n c e " h e c o u l d n o t r e a d h i s m a n u s c r i p t . " 9 3 George W i l l a r d g a v e a n i l l u s t r a t e d l e c t u r e o n t h e P a s s i o n 88Weekly C o u r i e r , 6 O c t . 1 8 9 4 , p . 1. 89 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 1. 9 Feb. 1895, p . 90Repub1ican, 1 3 Mar. 1895. 91Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 4 S e p t . 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 92Week1y C o u r i e r , 1 6 N o v . 1 8 9 5 , p . 93Weekly C o u r i e r , 8 F e b . 1 8 9 6 , r . 1. 5. �12 P l a y, 9 4 w h i l e J o h n R . C l a r k e p r e s e n t e d a t r a v e l o g u e don.95 Robert G. I n g e r s o l l r e t u r n e d t o speak on " L i b e r t y Man, Woman a n d C h i l d . " W h i l e of disagreeing with Ingersoll's agnosticism, t h e p r e s s concluded t h a t when he spoke o f home, wife, love and children " i t l i f t s the heart and soul to a contemplation o f scenes s c a r c e l y less a t t r a c t i v e t h a n heaven i t s e l f . ,,96 The Y. M . C . A . a b a n d o n e d i t s lecture series after the 1895-96 s e a s o n s o Manager J a c k s o n e s t a b l i s h e d t h e P e o p l e ' s P o p u l a r Lyceum C o u r s e . T h e course included s i x lectures which e v i d e n t l y w e r e n ' t w e l l r e c e i v e d . T i m o t h y E. Ta r s n e y " d i d as w e l l a s a n y g l i b - t o n g u e d o r a t o r c o u l d h a v e d o n e , w h o h a d no b e t t e r a r g u m e n t t h a n h e h a d . " 9 7 H a r r y Martell's "South Before t h e War" was r a t e d "above t h e u s u a l m e r i t o f panies o n t h e r o a d " b u t t h e r e v i e w e r suggested t h a t inate " a few broad suggestions" from the speech.98 f i r s t p a r t Jahu D e w i t t M i l l e r , H o y t L . C o n a r y, son a n d J u d g e A l b i o n W. To u r g e e r e c e i v e d n o r e v i e w a t a l l . The f o l l o w i n g s e a s o n J a c k s o n a b a n d o n e d t h e l e c t u r e course a s a n u n p r o f i t a b l e u n d e r t a k i n g . T h e 94Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 8 A p r i l 1 8 9 6 , P . 95Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 4 M a r. 1 8 9 6 , p . 1. 1. 96Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 1 A p r i l 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 97Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 9 S e p t . 1 8 9 6 , p . 98Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 8 N o v. 1 8 9 6 , p . 8. 1. �125 Republican explained the problem "Do n o t t h e people w a t e r demand t h e v e r y b e s t t a l e n t o f the platform f o r the minimum p r i c e p a i d t o a m a t e u r s a n d p e o p l e o f m e d i o c r i t y ? Then when s u c h p e o p l e a p p e a r b e f o r e o u r c u l t u r e d a u d i e n c e s they f a i l t o please and the audience i s resolves not t o encourage others."99 that the indifference local clubs sorbed i n The p a p e r c o n t i n u e d t o l e c t u r e s was l a r g e l y due t o numerous i n Coldwater which tended t o "absorb tion o f most o f The r e v i e w e r disappointed and t h e women a t l e a s t i n literary effort." f i n a l l y accused individuals with being t h e i r own a f f a i r s o f t h e c o m m u n i t y. spring o f 1896 t o 100 the t o attend to the public wants In any event, t h e r e was no course f r o m f a l l o f 1900. In 1900, S t . Agatha's Guild sponsored a course which included Fred Emerson Brooks, Hon. J . W r i g h t Giddings, R e v. Thomas D i x o n , C h a r l e s H . F r a s e r , a n d D e w i t t M i l l e r . was n o p r e s s c o v e r a g e o f this course. A year later, T h e r e t h e Y. M . C . A . again sponsored the series and brought i n A. L . Colton f o r an i l l u s t r a t e d l e c t u r e o n " T h e Moon i n F a c t a n d Fancy"101 a n d Spillman Riggs who gave a humorous l e c t u r e . 1 0 2 was a l s o l i s t e d as a lecturer. T h e 99C&R, 1 8 N o v . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 0 . 18 N o v . 1 8 9 8 , p . 1 0 . 101C4R, 2 0 S e p t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 5. 102C&R, 2 0 S e p t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 3. Ralph P a r l e t t f o l l o w i n g y e a r t h e Y. M . C . A . �12 sponsored Congressman Charles B . L a n d i s , o f Indiana; Durno the M y s t e r i o u s ; M e l v i n Robinson, i m p e r s o n a t o r ; J . D. Dolliver of Iowa; James Gale I n g l i s ; a n d C o l . H . W. J . Ham, a humorous lecturer.103 T h e 1 9 0 3 - 0 4 Y. M . C . A . l e c t u r e c o u r s e a d v e r t i s e d only t h r e e speakers; R u s s e l l H. Conwell, R e v. E . M. L a y c o c k and D r . Thomas E . G r e e n . T h e r e was n o l e c t u r e s e r i e s d u r i n g the 1904-05 season. Minstrels T h e number o f m i n s t r e l shows d e c l i n e d d u r i n g t h e years o f J a c k s o n ' s management. H i H e n r y ' s company appeared i n 1894 and again i n 1900. T h e show continued t o f e a t u r e jokes, pantomime, c l u b swinging and stereoptican views.104 The C l e v e l a n d M i n s t r e l s w h o a l s o a p p e a r e d i n 1 8 9 4 f e a t u r e d "a m i l e o f world's f a i r panaramic v i e w s . 0 0 5 that the Cleveland "rendition to t h a t o f T h e press note i s thought t o be i n t e r i o r G i g H i H e n r y. " 1 0 6 The E d F . D a v i s Mammoth M i n s t r e l s a d v e r t i s e d s o l i d a t e d show f e a t u r i n g one h u n d r e d men, women a n d c h i l d r e n . The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n w r o t e t h a t t h e s h o w w a s tion upon good nature, a t r a v e s t y upon music and a burlesque upon c h a r a c t e r s k e t c h i n g . as d e f i c i e n t i n . . . T h e actors c o l l c c t i v e l y were musical a b i l i t y as the 103C&R, 1 7 J u n e 1 9 0 2 , p . 1. 1o4Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 7 O c t . 1 8 9 4 , p . S . 1 0 5 R e p u b 11 c a n , 4 D e c . 1 8 9 4 . 106Republican, 11 Dec. 1894. �127 who s a i d i f he owned a hand organ t h a t was s e t t o Hundred he c o u l d n o t g e t more t h a n s e v e n t y - f i v e Most o f t h e shows a p p e a r e d t o play Old o u t o f r e l y upon scenic sensations such as V o g e l ' s B i g M i n s t r e l ' s " E l e c t r i c V e l o u r P a l a c e " a n d u p o n old jokes. 108 Va r i e t y and Va u d e v i l l e steady increase i n V a r i e t y and vaudeville enjoyed a p o p u l a r i t y d u r i n g Jackson's management. The H u m p t y D u m p t y c o m p a n i e s r e t u r n e d t o t h e T i b b i t s five times between 1900 and 1904. T h e pantomimic extravaganza appeared t o b e more p o p u l a r t h a n i n t h e m i d -1880's when p r e v i o u s l y p l a y e d i n Coldwater. i t T h e company which appeared i n 1904 f e a t u r e d George H. Adams, " E n g l a n d ' s famous pantomime clown."109 The L i l y 1894, f e a t u r e d C l a y G a i e t y C o m p a n y, w h i c h s t o p p e d o f f in l i v i n g p i c t u r e s which were represented b y "beautious, l i v i n g a r t i s t s ' models from the famous s t u d i o s o f Rome, F l o r e n c e , P a r i s , B e r l i n , L o n d o n . . • pany a l s o f e a t u r e d Marvelous M e l v i l l e , " t h e flying the h i g h double s w i n g i n g h o r i z o n t a l s . " 11 0 A • " year later Richie Foy b r o u g h t h i s P l a y s a n d P l a y e r s Company t o t h e T i b b i t s . This was a t a k e - o f f o n t h e p a s s i n g show and f e a t u r e d 107C&R, 3 S e p t . 1 8 9 7 , p . 5. 1 0 8 R e p o r t e r, 2 9 A p r i l 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 1 0 9 R e k 9 r t e r, 1 3 S e p t . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. noWeekly Courier, 2 8 J u l y 1894, p . 1. �128 some v a r i e t y w i t h o u t b e i n g o f f e n s i v e . • • • 111 The 1 8 9 6 - 9 7 season opened i n m i d -August w i t h t h e M e x i c a n f e r i n g music and specialties.112 Magic w a s a p o p u l a r f e a t u r e i n many o f t h e v a r i e t y entertainments. Hermann the Great brought h i s show t o town i n 1 8 9 9 , 11 3 and i n 1 9 0 2 , T h e W o r l d ' s Monarchs o f M a g i c f e a t u r e d L e R o y, T a l m a a n d B o s c o a n d t h e B u s c h - D e v e r e C o m p a n y. number o f received 11 4 A o t h e r companies a d v e r t i s i n g " p o l i t e v a u d e v i l l e " l i t t l e p r e s s comment. M o s t o f these lected t h e i r acts from Pastor's, Keith's, stein's and Koster and B i a l ' s theatres Miscellaneous P o l i t i c a l orators o f continued t o speak a t the Ti b b i t s . "huge a u d i e n c e " State and National stature G o v e r n o r Rich spoke t o i n 1894 w h i l e campaigning f o r 1896, W i l l i a m A l d e n S m i t h , H o n . J . C. B u r r o w s i n New Yo r t c . 11 5 office. J . Desmond a n d S e n a t o r J . a l l spoke i n October. S e n a t o r Burrows panied b y Seth L . M i l l i k e n president o f o f Maine a n d J . W. B r i g h a m , t h e the N a t i o n a l Grange. T h e Giant 111 R e p u b l i c a n , 1 5 O c t . 1 8 9 5 . 11 2 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 2 8 J u l y 1 8 9 4 , p . 1 11 3 C & R , 1 7 N o v . 1 8 9 9 , p . 5. 11 R e p o r t e r , 9 O c t . 1 9 0 2 , p . 3 . 11 11 6 G&R, 5 J a n . 1 9 0 0 , p . a 1. Weekly C o u r i e r , 3 N o v. 1 8 9 4 , p . 8. �129 1 tet provided vocal music.17 R e v. F. M. Aunks, rows, a n d G o v e r n o r Shaw o f I o w a a l l spoke a t lies i n October o f 1900. A d e l i nominee, spoke o n O c t o b e r 2 4 . "He i s not a b r i l l i a n t Stevenson, a Vice Presidential T h e Courier and Republican wrote o r a t o r n o r one t o c r e a t e enthusiasm for h i s audience b u t no one doubted h i s s i n c e r i t y. " 11 8 A number o f companies b o a s t i n g "moving vices" appeared during Jackson's tenure, although the Edison Magniscope n e v e r made i t t u n . 1 1 t o Coldwater since 9 .• H o w e v e r , ld xp so te a i n i t "was addition to the stereoptican which had been popular f o r a number o f years, two c o m p a n i e s u t i l i z e d a c i n e m a t o s c o p e o r graph t o p i c t u r e m i l i t a r y scenes. Lumiere Cinematograph s t a t e d t h a t A n advertisement f o r Kleine's l o c a l families would be able t o s e e t h e i r sons who were f i g h t i n g Wa r m a r c h t o w a r d t h e c a m e r a . 1 2 0 T h e i n the Courier and Republican's review noted t h a t w h i l e "There were a few moving p i c t u r e s that were good, one especially so, t h e landing o f the marines at Guantanamo, b u t most o f them were q u i t e i n d i f f e r e n t company t h a t made s u c h p r e t e n s i o n s . " 1 2 1 In 1898 a n 7'Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 4 O c t . 1 8 9 6 , p . 11 8 C & R , 2 6 O c t . 1 9 0 0 , p . 8. 11 9 W e e k l y C o u r i e r , 2 1 N o v . 1 8 9 6 , p . 120C&R, 1 3 J a n . 1 8 9 9 , P . 17; G&R, 2 7 J a n . 1 8 9 9 , 1. 8. P. 5 . 1. f o r a �130 ment f e a t u r e d E d i s o n ' s A n i m o t o s c o p e w h i c h made v i e w s f r o m photographs.122 Finally promised " t h e r e a l thing i n 1899 t h e T i b b i t s audience was i n moving pictures."123 This graph Graphophone f e a t u r e d scenes s u c h a s a r i d e o n t h e f r o n t of an engine through the Rocky Mountain's Frazer yon.124 In 1896 a Miss Hext appeared i n "readings and posings" which f e a t u r e d t h e D e l s a r t i a n method. B i l l e d as "a rare and elegant entertainment" t h e reviewer found "one distinguishing feature--length." H e continued t h a t " t h e r e was a r e l i e f from any merit approaching mediocracy during terminable three hours.”125 Dancers s t o p p e d o f f The R o y a l V i c t o r i a T r o u p e o f at the Tibbits English g i r l s featured an electric i n 1901. T h i s troupe o f b a l l e t and a revolving windmill.126 There was a w r e s t l i n g match i n 1894 and H i g h School Commencements c o n t i n u e d t o b e a n a n n u a l e v e n t . A t once, Manager Jackson c r e a t e d a n e l a b o r a t e s e t t i n g exercises u t i l i z i n g least for the the occasion t o introduce t h e new scenery 122C&R, 3 J u n e 1 8 9 8 , p . 123C&B, 2 4 N o v . 1 8 9 9 , p . 1. 1. 124Reporter, 1 6 May 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 125Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 4 N o v. 1 8 9 6 , 126Reporter, 1 1 O c t . 1 9 0 1 , p . 3. P. 8. �131 to be used d u r i n g t h e coming season.127 A n n a Eva terious Oneida, K i l l e r , t h e m a g i c i a n and Hermann t h e G r e a t a l l presented shows d e a l i n g w i t h s p i r i t u a l i s m and t h e o c c u l t , while Professor Norris returned with his trained dogs. Ti b b i t s Opera House was a l s o t h e s i t e T h e f o r memorial services f o r President McKinley and the B a r t S. T i b b i t s f u n e r a l . Amateur productions During Jackson's f i r s t t e n years o f teur productions were about e q u a l l y divided between dramatic and m u s i c a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . I n 1896 t h e C o u r i e r I d l e r , umnist who e d i t o r i a l i z e d on a f f a i r s o f i t upon himself to improve the q u a l i t y i n Coldwater. H i s local interest, took o f amateur productions suggestions included speaking d i s t i n c t l y and e n u n c i a t i n g , a v o i d i n g l a t e e n t r a n c e s a n d e a r l y e x i t s , playing to the front avoiding stiffness o f the stage, and behaving n a t u r a l l y and o r staginess. merge t h e m s e l v e s w i t h H e t h e i r characters and forget themselves. He c o n t i n u e d b y u r g i n g l o c a l t a l e n t dress stage. I n to learn conclusion he advised, you a r e t o a p p e a r i n feet o r urged the amateurs t o " . . their . lines and forget that p u b l i c and f o r g e t you have hands and t h a t anyone i s absorbingly watching to see breathe o r w i n k , a n d y o u w i l l a c q u i t y o u r s e l f much 127Re_publican, 4 J u n e 1 8 9 5 . i f you �132 f a c t o r i l y than you can imagine."128 When t h e L a d i e s ' M u s i c a l a n d D r a m a t i c C l u b p r o d u c e d A New Ye a r ' s R e c e p t i o n one p a p e r n o t e d "home t a l e n t a g a i n . " 1 2 9 A subsequent r e v i e w, however, l a b e l e d t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t "bright, sparkling and musical."130 In 1897 and a g a i n 1898, t h e F o r t n i g h t l y C l u b s t a g e d M r . B o b . L a t e r season Lodge 3 1 , I . O . O . F. p r e s e n t e d U n c l e J o s h , and a g a i n i n S e p t e m b e r. A i n i n the 1898 f i r s t year later the sisterhood of Presbyterian Church mounted t h e comic opera Ermine. the S t . A g a t h a ' s G u i l d p r e s e n t e d R i p Va n W i n k l e i n May o f 1 9 0 0 a n d returned l a t e r The R i v a l s . I n that year with a production o f Sheridan's 1902 t h e y produced The Snowball. n i g h t l y Club returned i n 1901 t o act i n The Prince o f Egypt and a g a i n i n 1 9 0 4 t o r e c r e a t e t h e M i s t l e t o e B o u g h w h i c h was one o f C o l d w a t e r ' s f i r s t amateur Nevada, or The L o s t M i n e , E s m e r a l d a , T h e K e r m i s , Home L i g h t s , a n d The Va g p b o n d Q u e e n w e r e a l l staged by local lodges i n a period from 1901 t h r o u g h 1904. The m o s t i m p o r t a n t a m a t e u r v o c a l g r o u p d u r i n g t h e Jackson management w a s t h e Andrews C h o r a l U n i o n . group organized i n T h i s the mil-1890's and attempted t o 128Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 May 1896, p . 129Weekly C o u r i e r , 23 M a y 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 0 . 130Week1y C o u r i e r , 30 M a y 1 8 9 6 , p . 1 3 1 R e p o r t e r, 3 0 N o v . 1 9 0 4 , p . 3. 8. 5. �133 fessional." T h e Weekly Courier wrote " I n the r e n d i t i o n o f the program t h e U n i o n was most p l e a s i n g i n i t s b l e n d i n g o f voices, and brought o u t w i t h grand e f f e c t the orchestration of the d i f f i c u l t s e l e c t i o n s . I t s w o r k showed a and d e p t h o f s t u d y a n d a p r o f i c i e n c y i n the art tions t h a t might w e l l be accorded t o organizations i n grand opera."132 A l o c a l chorus also performed j a h C h o r u s a n d Wa g n e r ' s Ta n n h a u s e r. 1 3 3 The C o l d w a t e r F o r t n i g h t l y C l u b p r e s e n t e d a n u m b e r o f musical shows i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e i r dramatic e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . In 1900 they presented an entertainment e n t i t l e d "Evening a t t h e Opera House" w h i c h i n c l u d e d pantomime, r e c i t a t i o n and music. 134 T h e y also presented a patriotic entertainment and an e v e n i n g o f c o n t i n u o u s v a u d e v i l l e . 1 3 5 L o c a l t a l e n t a s s e m b l e d two l a d y m i n s t r e l s h o w s a n d a m a l e m i n s t r e l g r o u p c a l l i n g themselves C o l d w a t e r ' s T h i r t y Sable Sons o f Ham.136 Synopsis The J a c k s o n management w a s n o t a b l e i n t h a t b i t s Opera House was e n j o y i n g p r o s p e r i t y a t a t i m e when t h e 132Weekly C o u r i e r , 9 N o v. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 0 . 133Weekly C o u r i e r , 1 3 A p r i l 1 8 9 5 , p . 134 G&R, 9 F e b . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1. 5. 135Weekly C o u r i e r , 2 1 D e c . 1 8 9 5 , p . 7 ; a n d C&R, 1 2 April 1901, p . 5 . 136Reppb1ican, 1 9 M a r. 1 8 9 5 ; We e k l y C o u r i e r, 1 6 M a r. 1895, p . 1 ; a n d Ceal, 2 5 D e c . 1 9 0 0 , p . 1 . �134 fortunes o f most s m a l l - t o w n Opera Houses were o n t h e wane. It's c l e a r t h a t John T. J a c k s o n ' s t h e a t r i c a l knowledge a n d astute business sense contributed g r e a t l y to the t h e a t r e ' s success. J a c k s o n ' s removal o f t h e s c e n e r y grooves ment o f t h e b a c k s t a g e a r e a made t h e T i b b i t s a atre, as did the increase i n electrical voltage. the b e s t companies a v a i l a b l e t o effort H e booked a s m a l l t o w n a n d made e v e r y t o woo t h e T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate and even though t h e Syndicate s t o p p e d b o o k i n g shows a t t h e T i b b i t s daybook i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e i n 1897 t h e t o t a l number o f shows a t b i t s a c t u a l l y i n c r e a s e d a t a t i m e when many Opera Houses f o u n d i t d i f f i c u l t t o book any talent companies who p l a y e d off at the Tibbits i n f o r Detroit at f o r a l l . I n order a week o r more t o stop o n l y one performance he o f t e n p r i c e d t i c k e t s 2 5 0 t o 50.0 h i g h e r t h a n t h e c i t y though t h i s enraged t h e p r e s s , t h e l o c a l people apparently were w i l l i n g t o pay f o r the convenience o f seeing tainments i n t h e i r own town. A l s o , to make t h e f a c i l i t y available to Manager Jackson continued the public f o r a ety o f entertainments o t h e r than l e g i t i m a t e drama. W h e n t h e cinematoscope a n d o t h e r moving p i c t u r e d e v i c e s became p o p u l a r, Jackson made e v e r y e f f o r t to facilitate the production of these e n t e r t a i n m e n t s a t t h e Opera House. T h e utilized the later f a c i l i t y for the funeral local people o f Bart S. Ti b b i t s and f o r memcrial s e r v i c e s f o r P r e s i d e n t M c K i n l e y. �135 Comedy a s i t continued t o merge i n t o manded e n t h u s i a s t i c a u d i e n c e s . T h e new r e a l i s t i c p l a y s a l s o appealed t o t h e p u b l i c , a l t h o u g h Jackson c o u l d n o t secure many of these productions. L o c a l clubs competed w i t h one a n o t h e r in the production o f amateur t h e a t r i c a l , musical, ville entertainments. larity I n s h o r t , t h e a t r e was e n j o y i n g i n Coldwater t h a t even a press vendetta and a subsequent news " b l a c k o u t " c o u l d n o t d i s c r e d i t J a c k s o n ' s m a n a g e m e n t o f -the Opera House. A s the record in f a c t shows, vided Coldwater with the best t h e a t r i c a l fare of the T i b b i t s Opera House. i n the history �Chapter V SUMMARY A N D C O N C L U S I O N S Summary Because o f i t s unique location, Coldwater served as a n a t u r a l w a y - s t a t i o n between Chicago, To l e d o a n d D e t r o i t . On t h e m a i n l i n e w a y, t h e o f the Lakeshore and Michigan c i t y served as the central market f o r for a large territory. T h e farmer's products town's easy a c c e s s i b i l i t y and t h e s u r r o u n d i n g l a k e s a n d f o r e s t e d p a r k s made C o l d w a t e r a p o p u l a r resort f o r c i t y people. B y the turn of the century water area boasted f o u r major railroads and led the State the b r e e d i n g o f i n f i n e horses and the manufacture Coldwater's citizens were always unique i n terest i n a r t and literature. Shakespeare c l u b , b r a r y. T h e a famous a r t steady influx the c i t i z e n s a d v i s e d o f develop a t a s t e L o c a l f o r o f residents enjoyed a g a l l e r y and a free people i n t o the the latest a r t i s t i c trends and helped the best cultural entertainments. T h e t h r i v i n g commerce a l s o c r e a t e d a number o f w e a l t h y c i t i z e n s who w e r e w i l l i n g t o support the community's ours. There was l i t t l e theatrical activity i n Coldwater prior to 1879, b u t d u r i n g the p e r i o d between 1879 and 1881 -1 �137 over 30 l e g i t i m a t e dramas and numerous m i n s t r e l and m u s i c a l entertainments were performed a t Armory H a l l and i n church p a r l o r s . W h e n Armory H a l l burned i n 1881 t h e t o w n was l e f t with a developing taste them. B a r t Tibbits, theatricals but no place t o house t h e mayor o f the town and a gar manufacturer, b u i l t a cost f o r t h e 1000 s e a t T i b b i t s Opera House a t o f $25,000. R a t e d "second t o none" b y the l o c a l press, the Opera House was e l e g a n t i n decoration and extremely w e l l equipped w i t h a s t o c k o f scenery s a i d t o be " t h e l a r g e s t and finest i n Michigan. . . . " Completed i n 1882, boasted b o t h e l e c t r i c i t y and gas f i x t u r e s . utilized f o r most stage i l l u m i n a t i o n , A l t h o u g h e l e c t r i c i t y was u t i l i z e d from t h e b e g i n n i n g f o r s p e c i a l e f f e c t s and e x t e r i o r l i g h t i n g . B. S . T i b b i t s did not stop at simply building to-date theatre with elegant appointments, he also shrewdly provided f o r survival o f be p u t the multiplicity o f function necessary f o r the a s m a l l town Opera House. i n and removed a t removable. R e a l i z i n g w i l l . A l l o f A dancing the opera chairs were t h a t t h e t h e a t r e would house musical entertainments as w e l l as l i g i t i m a t e theatricals, Ti b b i t s provided s p e c i a l warmup rooms f o r musicians and m i n s t r e l s . He e n c o u r a g e d p u b l i c u s e o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e b y m a k i n g i t available t o private groups a t reasonable rates. At v a r i o u s t i m e s t h e Opera House housed l e g i t i m a t e drama, m i n s t r e l s , v a r i e t y shows, c o n c e r t s , d a n c e s , w r e s t l i n g matches, p o l i t i c a l rallies, lectures, funerals, conventions, �—.mow 13 receptions and even camel rides! B e c a u s e o f s i g h t , n o s t r u c t u r a l changes h a d t o b e made t o accommodate any o f t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s . made i n I n fact, the years reviewed i n t h e o n l y s t r u c t u r a l changes t h i s s t u d y were f o r Although t h e Opera House experienced f i n a n c i a l in 1885 and again because i t i n 1889, i t continued to function mainly housed such a v a r i e t y of functions i t h a d become virtually irreplaceable. Between 1882 a n d 1 9 0 5 , t w o owners a n d a number o f managers e x e r c i s e d c o n t r o l o v e r t h e T i b b i t s . owned t h e t h e a t r e difficulties, Joseph Henning i n from 1882-1885. E x p e r i e n c i n g sold i t f o r half i t s financial original price 1885. H e n n i n g r e t a i n e d c o n t r o l House u n t i l 1 9 0 4 w h e n h e s i g n e d Henning Jackson. A c c o r d i n g A f t e r i t the Opera o v e r t o h i s daughter, Huldah the theatre during the years Henning assumed o w n e r s h i p , C . L . Hunter, who h a d a d v i s e d T i b b i t s , became H e n n i n g ' s m a n a g e r. W h e n H u n t e r l e f t Klock, t h e of to to the press, Tibbits exercised c o n t r o l o v e r t h e management o f of his ownership. T i b b i t s f o r California f i r s t i n 1 8 8 7 G e o r g e W. l o c a l b a n d l e a d e r , assumed t h e management o f theatre. E v i d e n t l y the h i s management w a s n ' t v e r y s u c c e s s f u l because, b e s e i g e d w i t h f i n a n c i a l d i f f i c u l t i e s p e r s o n a l l y t o o k o v e r t h e management. I n the i n f a l l o f 1891, Henning's d a u g h t e r, H u l d a h , h a d t a k e n o v e r t h e management A . the Opera House. S h e continued i n this capacity until her �IMM6 139 marriage t o J o h n T. Jackson i n 1894, when Jackson assumed management o f agement, t h e the theatre. D u r i n g the ten years o f Ti b b i t s attained a sound f i n a n c i a l at t h e t i m e when most s m a l l t o w n Opera Houses were f a i l i n g financially. The n u m b e r o f l e g i t i m a t e dramas produced i n the Opera House i n c r e a s e d o v e r t h e y e a r s w i t h 376, more t h a n h a l f the t o t a l plays, b e i n g produced during the t e n years o f of the Jackson management. T h e movement i n comedy was t o w a r d s f a r c e and e v e n t u a l l y v a u d e v i l l e . T h e plots o f the tainments became s e c o n d a r y t o t h e s p e c i a l t i e s o f formers. W h i l e melodramas and p a s t o r a l p l a y s drew audiences during t h e p e r i o d under s u r v e i l l a n c e , t h e t r e n d was towards scenic sensations and o p e r e t t a s , w h i c h evolved i n t o l i t t l e more t h a n c o m e d i e s w i t h m u s i c . U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n , lar with the press, declined after the turn est i n o f i n t h e c e n t u r y. popularity with the public B y 1895, t h e r e was t h e more r e a l i s t i c p l a y s b y G i l l e t t e , Herne, Mackaye and S a r d o u , a l t h o u g h J a c k s o n a p p a r e n t l y h a d ing these p l a y s . R e p e r t o r y companies v i s i t e d t h e T i b b i t s a rate o f about three p e r year. I n at the 1896-97 son e n t e r e d n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h t h e T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e t o present t h e i r plays. H o w e v e r, a f t e r one season, cate a p p a r e n t l y found t h e one- n i g h t -stands ceased t o play at the Tibbits regularly despite son's f u t u r e efforts. O t i s a l l Skinner's performance on the Opera �14 House s t a g e i n 1 9 0 0 , h o w e v e r , i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e T h e a t r i c a l S y n d i c a t e w o u l d o c c a s i o n a l l y make i t s a c t o r s a v a i l a b l e t o Jackson when h e w o u l d f i n a n c i a l l y g u a r a n t e e t h e The T i b b i t s w a s v i s i t e d b y a n u m b e r o f p l a y e r s n o w l i s t e d i n The D i c t i o n a r y o f American Biography o r i n t h e Annals o f t h e New Yo r k Stage. H o w e v e r such a c t o r s a s J e s s i e Bonstelle, E v a l y n F o s t e r, C h a r l e s Gardner, E z r a Kendal a n d Roselle Knott were s o f a r past t h e i r prime b y the time t h e y arrived i n Coldwater that the local press refused l e d g e t h e m a s s t a r s . M a g g i e M i t c h e l l , a n d Thomas cause o f t h e i r national s t a t u r e , were accorded s t a r b i l l i n g , but l o c a l r e v i e w s commented o n t h e advanced a g e o f b o t h . S o l Smith R u s s e l l , R o l a n d R e e d a n d Denman Thompson r e c e i v e d s t a r b i l l i n g and always appeared t o please t h e i r audiences. V i o l a A l l e n was acknowledged a s a " p a i n s t a k i n g a r t i s t . " T h e local press a l s o w e n t i n t o e c s t a c i e s o v e r Rhea, a French a c t r e s s . Francesca Janauschek appeared i n 1888 and a g a i n i n 1890. W h i l e r e f e r r i n g t o h e r a s " m o t h e r l y, " t h e ledged t h a t h e r performance was t h e "dramatic e v e n t o f t h e season." R o b e r t M a n t e l l , who f o r m e r l y played w i t h Fanny Davenport, a n d John L . S u l l i v a n , t h e b o x e r, were mantic a c t o r s . O t i s Skinner appeared i n 1900. Most c o n c e r t s h e l d a t t h e T i b b i t s w e r e s p o n s o r e d b y the Y. M . C . A . o r l o c a l c h u r c h g r o u p s . A t various times the Opera House h o u s e d P e m e n y i , t h e v i o l i n i s t ; t h e J o h n P h i l l i p Sousa B a n d ; t h e C h i c a g o M a r i n e B a n d ; a n d t h e B o s t o n L a d i e s �14 Symphony O r c h e s t r a . F o r t h e most p a r t , however, c o n c e r t s consisted o f v o c a l entertainments o r chamber groups. The t h e a t r e a l s o p r o v i d e d s p a c e f o r l e c t u r e s . T h e Y. M . C . A . s p o n s o r e d a l e c t u r e c o u r s e m o s t y e a r s w h i c h i n c l u d e d both speakers and musical entertainments. W h e n interest i n l e c t u r e s began t o wane around 1897 b o t h Manager Jackson and St. Agatha's Guild sponsored a course. H o w e v e r, b y 1900 t h e press r e p o r t e d t h a t w h i l e C o l d w a t e r audiences demanded t h e best t a l e n t o f minimum p r i c e t h e p l a t f o r m t h e y were o n l y o f amateurs and people o f Minstrels were popular i n the willing to pay the mediocrity. c i t y until the turn of the c e n t u r y when t h e b e t t e r companies adopted a v a u d e v i l l e foremat and t h e l e s s e r companies t r i e d to keep a d r i f t with scenic sensations such as t h e p i n k v a l o u r palace one company advertised. B y 1900 t h e m i n s t r e l shows were f o r c e d t o t a k e second p l a c e t o t h e m o r e p o p u l a r v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n m e n t s . During t h e heyday o f m i n s t r e l s y, however, t h e T i b b i t s housed such companies a s F r o h m a n ' s C a l l e n d e r M i n s t r e l s , H a v e r l y ' s Minstrels, H i Henry's Superb Operatic Minstrels, and A l G. Fields Minstrels. Va r i e t y and v a u d e v i l l e a c t s gained p o p u l a r i t y. Humpty Dumpty c o m p a n i e s f i r s t T h e came t o Coldwater i n aroused l i t t l e enthusiasm. W h e n t h e y r e t u r n e d d u r i n g J a c k s o n ' s management t h e y r e c e i v e d a much h e a r t i e r welcome. B y the end o f t h e century vaudeville was f i r m l y entrenched i n t h e e n t h u s i a s m s o f t h e p u b l i c . T h e O p e r a House �142 housed a c t s f r o m P a s t o r ' s , K e i t h ' s , P r o c t o r ' s , Hammerstein's, and K o s t e r a n d B i a l ' s t h e a t r e s i n New Yo r k . M a n y legitimate dramas f e a t u r e d v a u d e v i l l e d u r i n g a c t b r e a k s a n d b e f o r e a n d a f t e r t h e show. The O p e r a H o u s e a l s o s e r v e d a s a political orators, a ballroom, the site rallying place f o r f o r w r e s t l i n g matches, receptions, conventions, reunions and funerals. T w o h i b i t s were housed i n the Ti b b i t s and High ment w a s a n a n n u a l e v e n t . M a n y C o l d w a t e r p e o p l e c a u g h t their f i r s t glimpse and p a r t i c i p a t e d o f "Delsartian posings" a t i n t h e advancement f r o m s t e r e o p t i c a n t o t h e vivograph graphophone which heralded t h e advent o f tion pictures. Amateur t h e a t r i c a l s remained p o p u l a r t h r o u g h o u t t h e s t u d y, a v e r a g i n g a b o u t t w o p e r y e a r. M o s t o f the dramatic presentations by local talent featured large casts, music, and a g r e a t d e a l o f spectacle. I n addition, local talent also presented concerts, and v a r i e t y and ments. M o s t o f these shows were sponsored b y l o c a l c l u b s o r lodges. T h e Andrews Choral Union, organized d u r i n g Jackson's management, made a n a t t e m p t t o " g o p r o f e s s i o n a l . " Conclusions From 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 t h e T i b b i t s O p e r a H o u s e f u n c t i o n e d a s Coldwater's c u l t u r a l center. A n examination o f t u r a l p l a n shows t h a t w h i l e t h e T i b b i t s was a n e l e g a n t and �14 modern Opera House i t also had the b u i l t - i n house c o n c e r t s , r e c i t a l s , m i n s t r e l s , v a r i e t y tures, dances, wrestling, unions, conventions, a r t p o l i t i c a l rallies, e x h i b i t s , dance companies, marionette shows, a n i m a l a c t s a n d a w i d e v a r i e t y o f ment. In fact, n e a r l y 1/3 o f the a c t i v i t i e s housed i n the f a c i l i t y were n o t professional dramas. ( S e e Appendix I I , Ta b l e # 4 . ) T h e p r i v a t e l y owned i n s t i t u t i o n was c o n t i n u o u s l y adapted t o p u b l i c need. With the l i t e r a t u r e presently available t h e r e ' s no way t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r C o l d w a t e r a n d t h e T i b b i t s que o r not. I t ' s c l e a r , however, t h a t the town's geographical location hastened the construction o f the r a i l lines which brought a l m o s t e v e r y company t r a v e l i n g between D e t r o i t a n d Chicago i n t o t h e t o w n . P e r h a p s more i m p o r t a n t l y, C o l d w a t e r ' s crossroads l o c a t i o n meant a constant i n f l u x o f who l e n t a c o s m o p o l i t a n m i e n t o t h e c o m m u n i t y . T h e Tibbits Opera House w a s n e v e r t h r e a t e n e d b y t h e r e l i g i o u s c o n s e r v a t i s m which Marshall Cassady found i n his study of professional theatre i n Salem, Ohio. A l t h o u g h C o l d w a t e r was a w e a l t h y c o m m u n i t y, nessmen w e r e n o t willing t o i n v e s t l a r g e sums i n the theatre. Thus, t h e p a t r o n a g e o f B a r t S . T i b b i t s a n d Joseph not be minimized. U n t i l t h e J a c k s o n management, t h e t h e a t r e was u n a b l e t o f u n c t i o n w i t h o u t p a t r o n a g e . T h r o u g h b o t h d e s i r e to p r o v i d e a community c e n t e r and personal p r i d e i n �14 ship o f such an e d i f i c e , b o t h Tibbits and an e n t e r p r i s e w h i c h was n o t a c o m m e r c i a l s u c c e s s . Coldwater was dependent upon t h e managers o f Detroit and Chicago theatres the f o r most o f the p l a y s panies t h a t appeared a t t h e T i b b i t s . T h u s , the ence w a s u n a b l e t o v i e w a s m a n y r e a l i s t i c p l a y s a s t h e y m a y have l i k e d . H o w e v e r , b u s i n e s s m e n o f t e n g u a r a n t e e d p e r f o r m a n c e s so t h a t l o c a l p e o p l e m i g h t see t h e most p o p u l a r shows a n d a c t o r s , a n d , d u r i n g t h e J a c k s o n management, t h e C o l d w a t e r c i t i z e n s o f t e n p a i d more f o r living in their tickets than theatregoers D e t r o i t and Chicago so t h a t t h e y might have t h e convenience o f v i e w i n g good drama i n t h e i r own t o w n . F i n a l l y, t h e c i t i z e n s saw no l i m i t a t i o n s on the use of the theatre. T h i s helped t o s u s t a i n t h e Opera House d u r i n g a p e r i o d when t h e T h e a t r i c a l Syndicate and l o c a l a p a t h y were destroying most s m a l l town theatres. the T i b b i t s h a s f a l l e n I n into disuse during fact, the only time i t s t o r y was a p e r i o d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 4 0 ' s and 5 0 ' s when i t longer needed as a movie t h e a t r e . D u r i n g was no the 20's t i o n o f t h e b u i l d i n g became s p e c i a l i z e d a s a m o t i o n p i c t u r e theatre f o r the f i r s t time. W h e n the need f o r one a c t i v i t y n o l o n g e r e x i s t e d , t h e b u i l d i n g use. T o d a y , returned t o f e l l t h e T i b b i t s Opera House h a s been r e s t o r e d a n d i t s earlier multiplicity of fun-Aion. i n t h e 1 . s t t r i o d e c a d e s o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t . u r y. integral payt o f t h c c o m m u n i t y. i t i s A s i t waF,.. again an �14. In f u r t h e r studies on small town theatres emphasis should be placed on a l l o f the a c t i v i t i e s housed w i t h i n the theatre and not j u s t professional theatrical American t h e a t r e h i s t o r y moves o u t necessary t o activity. o f New Yo r k C i t y A s i t becomes i d e n t i f y the small town's unique q u a l i t i e s . Since 1 9 t h c e n t u r y New Yo r k t h e a t r e s a n d m o s t atres specialize i n the production of live stage plays, there is a tendency t o measure s m a l l town 1 9 t h c e n t u r y t h e a t r e s against t h i s standard. town i t s u n i q u e p l a c e S u c h a practice denies the small i n American theatre h i s t o r y. Studies o n s m a l l t o w n Opera Houses w i l l invaluable t o o l f o r research into theatrical should a l s o p r o v i d e a n a d d i t i o n a l p o i n t of the century stars. A t circuits. T h e y o f view o n many t u r n present, o u r view o f them i s based almost e n t i r e l y o n New Yo r k t h e a t r i c a l The g r e a t e s t v a l u e provide an o f activities. this study is that lishes a view o f a 19th century small town theatre i n terms o f i t s own m e r i t r a t h e r t h a n a g a i n s t a New Yo r k C i t y m e a s u r i n g stick. I t has been demonstrated t h a t mary f u n c t i o n o f i n addition to providing a space f o r professional drama, the T i b b i t s Opera House a l s o s e r v e d a s a community c u l t u r a l center. T h e patronage o f two individuals and Coldwater's need f o r a c o m m u n i t y t h e a t r e s u s t a i n e d t h e s m a l l t o w n o p e r a house. �Guide t o t h e Appendices Appendix A i n c l u d e s , when a v a i l a b l e , t h e d a t e o f e a c h theatrical activity, the t i t l e o f e a c h e n t e r t a i n m e n t , t h e name o f t h e p l a y w r i g h t , t h e name o f t h e company a n d t h e names o f the l e a d i n g p e r f o r m e r s . S o m e t i m e s i n f o r m a t i o n i s i n c o m p l e t e , h o w e v e r, a l l a v a i l a b l e information w i l l be included t o show that t h e t h e a t r e was i n use. after a play's f i r s t T h e playwright F o r was only o r adapter as the i n s t a n c e , when The Counte o f Monte C r i s t o was p e r f o r m e d i n 1 9 0 4 , t h e Dumas, f i l s listed appearance a t the Tibbits Often t h e newspapers l i s t e d a t r a n s l a t o r playwright. i s listed. I n original playwright, Alexandre 1866, a play entitled was c r e d i t e d t o C h a r l e s A . F e c h t e r . P r o b a b l y t h e s e w e r e t h e same p l a y s a n d F e c h t e r w a s t h e t r a n s l a t o r . conjecture o n t h e w r i t e r ' s p a r t , however, appear i n the daybook exactly as l i s t e d S i n c e a l l t h i s must be playwrights w i l l i n the Coldwater papers. Appendix B p r o v i d e s t h r e e indexes t o t h e daybook. Ta b l e 1 a l p h a b e t i c a l l y l i s t s leading performers and the dares of t h e i r appearances a t t h e T i b b i t s f r o m 1882-1904. T a b l e lists the plays and the dates o f from 1882-194. Ta b l e 2 t h e i r production i n Coldwater 3 provides an alphabetical l i s t i n g of companie,3 a n d t h e d a t e s t h e y p e r f o r m e d a t t h e O p e r a H o u s e . chart d e t a i l i n g the incidence o f each type o f e n t e r t a n m e e t all° includd i n t h i s Appendix. 14 A ie �147 Appendix C i n c l u d e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d a t a o n tion o f the Tibbits too extensive t o include i n the text. T h e f u l l Coldwater Republican account o f t h e new t h e a t r e cluded. Appendix D p r o v i d e s a n a c c o u n t o f t h e cation. I t a l s o i n c l u d e s o t h e r newspaper a r t i c l e s w h i c h were too l o n g t o i n c l u d e i n t h e body o f t h e s t u d y. A p p e n d i x tains a photograph o f t h e Ti b b i t s facade i n t h e 19th century and o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t �AM! APPENDIX A T I B B I T S OPERA HOUSE DAYBOOK 1 8 8 2 - 1 9 0 4 �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company Leading Perform '382 Sep. 15 Local Ta l e n t Concert Sep. 21 Maid o f A r r a n Sep. 22 Muid o f A r r a n Sep. 2 7 - 9 Oct. I Cheek Oct. 2 Reception Oct. 9 Oct.. 10 Cwt. 17 Scrops Oct. 21 The D r u n k a r d ' s Daughter Oct. '2 ?A Opera House Orchestra Louis F. B a n n i s Maid o f A r r a n Combination Roland R Boston O p e r a t i c Minstrels Horton J and w i f e Jolly Pathfinders Josie Si J. N . Re Scott Marble Callenders New Colored M i n s t r e l s P o l i t i c a l Speech (D. F r o h manag.) Gen. Wm. son �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Program Playwright Company William G i l l e t t e Madison Square Thea. C o . Oct. 26 Esmeralda Oct. 30 "Illuminated bles i n F o r e i g n Lands" can N o v. 2 N o v. 3 P o l i t i c a l Speech N o v. 4 Black Crook N o v. 11 The W o r l d N o v. 16 A Messinger from Jarvis Section N o v. 20 Tw e n t y T h o u s a n d Pounds N o v. 24 Only a Farmer's Daughter N o v. 28 M'Liss o r, The Child o f the Sierras Leading Performe Viola All H a r t w i g -Seeman Combination Thatcher, rose & West Minstrels H. C . H o d Charles M. B a r r a s Maxwell Combination Joseph F Wheelock Agnes H e r n d o n Combination Andrew Wa l d r o n Joseph F Wheelock Herndon Jennie C C. W . C h �- T i t l e o r Type of Program Dat Playwright Company Opera House dancing p a r t y Ranch 1 0 Dec. 2 1 Opera House dancing p a r t y Dec. 2 3 Our M o t h e r A. 0 . M i l l e r Combination Dec. 2 5 The H i d d e n H a n d A. 0 . M i l l e r Combination 1883 Jan. 4 Opera House dancing p a r t y Jan. 9 Opera House dancing p a r t y Jan. 11 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n G e o r g e A i k e n Smith's Double U n c l e To m ' s Cabin Co. Jan. 1 Our I n f a n t Harrison Combination 5 Jan. 1 6 The S p a n i s h Students Leading Perform �Dute T i t l e o r Type of Program Playwright Company Leading Perform New O r l e a n s Minstrels Jan. 2 4 Feb. 1 Opera House dancing p a r t y Feb. 2 The G i r l Feb. 6 Rooms t o R e n t I Love E l l i o t t Wm. H . gerald, Rams d e n Barnes Ensign Comedy Co. Sadie Jo Feb. 1 3 The S w e d i s h L a d y Quartette Eda E l i e (Elocut Feb. 2 6 Baird's Minstrels M a r. 1 3 Fanchon M a r. 2 0 Mascotte M a r. 2 8 Masquerade Party M a r. 3 0 Apr. 1 Lecture " C r u e l t y to A n i m a l s " Maggie M Fay Te m p l e t o n Star Opera Co. Fay Te m Seth Cra Haverly's Minstrels Haverly $10,000 dogs Edwin Le (Lectur �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Program P l a y w r i g h t A p r. 3 Hazel K i r k Steele Mackaye A p r. 9 Richard William peare Thomas Keene Apr. 1 4 Fogg's F e r r y C. E . C a l a h a n Carrie S Apr. 2 3 La B e l l e R u s s e David Belasco Jeffreys J. Newto sold I I I a d i Company n g Perform Madison S q u a r e Theatre Co. Laura A l E. L . port, J r Helen P (Elocut Apr. 2 4 May 3 Humpty Dumpty May 7 To n y D e n i e r C o . Duprez d i c t --Famous gantic Minstrels May 2 5 May 3 1 June 2 Camilla (violin Photos Harrison Combination Callendars Minstrels �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company Leading Performe 41 June 8 Shiel Agar juiy 3 Local Ta l e n t Show Morris-Sullivan Combination Miss A l i c (vocalis July 4 July 13 State's Attorney John D i l l July 22 Lecture "The Origin o f the Aborigines o f North America" Allen Tib Esq. ( l e c Aug. 2 4 - 2 5 O n e o f the Finest Gus W i l l i Joseph Bradford Prof. Mo trained d Aug. 2 9 J. W. B u D a i s y Ram Sep. 1 1 A Diamond Mystery E l l i o t or, T h e G i r l I Love Sep. J - 4 Fun i n a D o . L i d i n g School John E . I n c e M u s i c a l Comedy Co. Messinger from Jarvis Section McAuley Combination Sep. 1 7 A Barnes John E . I Alice Ba �Date T i t l e o r Type of Program Playwright Company Leading Performe OP Sep. 2 6 Fogg's F e r r y Bella Moore Combination Bella Mo Sep. 2 7 Pygmallion & Galatea Bella Moore Combination Bella Mo Sep. 2 8 Nan t h e for-Nothind Bella Moore Combination Bella Mo Morrison & H a l l ' s Gigantic solidated strels Oct. 5 Oct. 1 3 The F r o l i c s of a Day Frank M a j i l t o n Combination Oct. 2 2 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Draper's Double Mammoth U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . Oct. 2 3 "Grand C o n c e r t " Local Ta l e n t Oct. 2 7 .Scraps Rentfrow bination ( J o l l y Pathfinders) Oct. 3 0 A Bunch o f Keys or, T h e H o t e l N o v. 8 Concert C h a r l e s H. Hoyt & W i l l i e Edouin Thomas L i Julia Da L. C . H i g Flora Mo E. L . W a Remenyi ist) �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company H. A . Co. D'Arcy Leading Performe Bertha W N o v. 24 The H u n c h b a c k N o v. 29 The B a n k e r ' s Daughter Dec. 7 Concert Clara Lo logg ( c o Dec. 8 Humpty Dumpty Dec. 21 Pique J. R . Ad George A Jane Coo Dec. 28 Karl Jan. 1 Our Summer Boarders Jan. 10 Opera H o u s e dancing p a r t y Jan. 1 L i t t l e M u f f e Ts Jan. 19 Local Ta l e n t Bronson Howard Augustin Daly Union Square Th. C o . Jane Coombs Combination Charles A . G a r d n e r Cornbination Charles Gardner, To s a 1/3W E l l i o t t Barnes Madelon Andrew Wa l d r o n Jennie C St. C e c i l i a Musicale �T i t l e o r Type of Program Date Playwright Company Ellen Price Wood Charles Watkins F i f t h Avenue Combination Jan. 23 East Lynne Jan. 25 Masquerade Party Jan. 31 Olivette Wilbur Opera Co. Feb. 5 Musical novelty The O r i g i n a l Spanish Students Feb. 15 Local Ta l e n t Butterworth Post, G.A.R. Feb. 16 A Mountain Pink Feb. 22 Che Feb. 25 The M a r. 3 Interviews M a r. 12 Grand J u v i n i l e Musical Festival M a r. 18 My P a r t n e r Leading Performer Ada G r a y D. W . R o b J. J . Hay Laura D a i Frank Aih Edwyn B a r r o n Morgan B a t e s Roland Re Maggie M i f Milton No Milton Nobles McGibney Family Bartley Campbell Aldrich and Parsloe bination Louis A l d Charles T Parsloe �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe ••• Edward H a r r i g a n M. W . H a n l e y C o . M a r. 2 5 McSorley's Inflation A p r. 5 Alvin Juslin A p r. 8 Edgewood F o l k s Apr. I 4 Nobody's C l a i m A p r. 2 4 iolanthe Wilbur Opera Co. Cora E . F May 2 7.20.8 A r t h u r Rehan Combination Augustin (directo May 5 Friend and Foe Alvin Joslin Comedy C o . Charles Sol S m i t Wm. J . Bartley Campbell May 10 S Baird's Minstrels May 1 3 Benefit formance Mendelssohn Quintette Club May 1 7 - 1 8 "The R e f o r m e d law" l e c t u r e and panarama Hildebrand's Illustrated Exposition May 3 0 The T h r e e W i d o w s A. O . M i l l e r Combination June 6 Fritz i n Ireland J . K . Emmett & Carleton J. K . Em �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Data Playwright Company Leading Performe Hi H e n r y ' s Minstrels June 18 Aug. 24 "What S h a l l We D o To B e S a v e d ? " Lecture Sep. 1 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Sep. 3 Ranch 1 0 Harry Meredith Sid Smith Edwin A r n Sep. 12 The J e r s e y m a n B. M c A u l e y B. M c A u l e Sep. 15 The I r i s h Minstrel W. J . S c a Sep. 22 Yv o n n e Rhea Oct. 9 Political Meeting Senator C S. M . C u t Oct. 3 Wrinkles N o v. 10 Joshua comb N o v. 22 A Mountain Pink I d a H u t te Boston I d e a l Uncle To m ' s Cabin C o . Watson's Comedy Co. Denman Thompson Denman Thompson Laura E . �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date N o v. 2 6 Dt3C 2 Dec. 8 " P e c u l i a r People" Y. M . C . A . L e c t u r e Course L o c J a l Ta l e n t Musical Entertainment C o n c e r t C h L o a S i c Leading Performe Company h d t a g o Redpath Concert Co. n i B. G e s . E l l a l i o Mark a n (wh soloist) Y. M . C . A . Lecture Course Dec. 1 9 P o e t r y Reading Y. M . C . A . Dec. 2 2 H u m b u d J . W. R i l e y J. W. R i Roland R 1881 Jan. 8 K e r r y Gow F JH.n. 2 9 The C r i m e s o f London Feb. 1 3 P o e t - - Y. M . C . A . Lecture Course r e d Marsden J. S . Mu James W h Riley �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Playwright Feb. 1 4 The G a l l e y S l a v e Bartley Campbell Company Leading Performe Marjorie Edward R Local Ta l e n t Feb. 1 9 - 2 1 A n d e r s o n v i l l e o r , the S c o u t ' s L a s t Shot Feb. 2 3 - 2 8 23rd-Shadows o f a Life 24th-Hazel K i r k 25th- R i p Va n Winkle 26th-Ingomar 27th-Confusion 28th-French Spy Waite's Union Square Comedy C o . J. W . C a James W a Cora N e i Joseph son Maria L o v e l l T. S . J a c k M a r. 1 "Spiritualism" Y. M . C . A . L e c t u r e Course Anna E v a J. C . He D. L . Hu M a r. 3 Lecture Y. M . C . A . L e c t u r e Course Stuart R M a r. 5 - 7 5th-Shadows o f a Life 6th-Iwromar 7th-Solon Shingle (matinee) 7th-Enoch Arden Waite's Union Square Comedy C o . �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Date Playwright Company Leading Performe M a r. 9 Wrestling match J. H . M c L Andre C h r M a r. 10 Wrestling match J. H . M c L L. L . B u r M a r. 12 Romany R y e E. M . G o t t h o l d Co. C. H a n d y s J. A . Owe M a r. 16-17 16th-The O c t o r o o n 17th-My G e r a l d i n e Mortimer & Weaver S t a r Dramatic Co. Bessie Ta M a r. 28 & 3 0 Ilimpty Dumpty George H . Adams Co. A p r. 4 Kinks Stevens' O p e r a t i c Comedy C o . A p r. 6 Romeo a n d Juliet A p r. 13-14 The K i n d e r crarten A p r. 17-18 "The A r t i c " ture w i t h o p t i c a n Y. M . C . A . Lecture Course William S Evelyn F o . William Shakespeare Robt. G . M o r r i s A l W. F e l Ye a m a n - M a c y C o . L y d i a Ye a Stanley M Herbert W Leach �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date A p r. 2 0 - 2 5 W a i t e Company ' Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s Union Square Comedy C o . 20th-Carrotts 21st-Inshavogue 22nd- T h e Shadows of Life 23rd-Caste 2 4 t h - R i p Va n W i n k l e 25th-The French Spy Confusion A p r. 2 9 May 6 Rose E y t i F e l i c i a T May 8 - 9 h T May 1 5 e h Banker's Daughter e Chimes o f Normandy Macbeth W Local Ta l i l l May 1 8 - 2 3 a m Shakespeare Thomas K e Owen F a w c e t t Comedy C o . 1801- M a r r i e d 19th-Dodginc 20th-Kiss i n Dark 21st- M a r r i e d 22nd- K i s s i n Dark 23rd-Dodginc May 2 0 i Life the Life the R e u n i o n o f Loomis H a t t e r y �f T i t l e o r Ty p e Entertainment Date o May 2 5 F r i e n d May 2 7 - 2 8 G H June 2 6 J o s e p h July 6 i V and Foe e June 2 5 P l a y w r i g h t C o m p a n y W o r Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s . g i a J . Sca Minstrels g h School Commencement Henning purchases Opera House e s July 16 Wrestling Match Aug. 1 2 Opera House Dance P a r t y Aug. 2 9 Trained Dogs Sep. 3 Six Peas i n a Pod Sep. 1 8 Boxing Match c e l i u s Opera A l f r e d L . and C o n c e r t E d w a r d J. Company F r e d Roth John T y l e John R i g g Prof. Cas B l a n c h Em a Rentfrow's Combination Jack C o l l John Lawr �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date P l a y w r i g h t Company Sep. 21-26 21st- C o l l e e n Hawn D i o n D o u c i c a u l t 22nd- M o s e l l e 23rd-The Shadows of Life 2 4 t h - R i p Va n W i n k l e 2 6 t h - Te n N i g h t s i n a W i l l i a m W. Dar Room P r a t t matinee) The H i d d e n H a n d Waite Combination Sep. 28 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Maxwell's Combination Oct. 6 Nip and Tuck Bessie's Burglar H a r r y Webber Co. Oct. 9 Dolly's Luck Pauline Markham Co. Oct. 11 Martha Emma A b b o t t Grand O p e r a C o . 0,•t. 20 Mikado Oct. 24 N o v. N o v. 11 G i l b e r t & Sullivan Leading Performe H a r r y We Carrie W Thompson O p e r a Co. A. W . Collin Lester & Allen's Minstrels John L . S (prize fi Nobody's C h i l d Francis Labadies Combination A Wife's Honor Marston Co. Lawrence Lillian D �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s N o v. 26 The L i t t l e N u g g e t s H o r a c e D u m a r s Sisson Combination Oscar Siss Josie Siss Dec. 1 The B o h e m i a n Burleigh Combination Dec. 4 The K i n d e r g a r t e n Dec. 8 Golden H a i r and the T h r e e Bears Dec. 12 Mugg's L a n d i n g Dec. 14-19 Local Ta l e n t Francis B Egbert Dramatic Co. 1 4 t h - Tw o O r p h a n s 15th-The B a n k e r ' s Daughter 16th- Q u e e n ' s E v i d e n c e 17th- R i s e n f r o m t h e Ashes 18th-Frow-Frow 19th- E a s t Ly a n e (matinee) Queen's Evidence 1886 Jan. 1 3 Si P e r k i n s , o r The E . A . L o c k e Girl I Left Behind Me Frank Jones Co. K a t e Glas �nnte T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Jan. i 4 Masquerade B a l l Jan. 1 9 Shane-na-Lawn Jan. ? ) Sully's Corner Grocery Jan. 2 6 A P a r l o r Match Jan. 2 8 - 3 0 Trained Horses Feb. 3 Skipped b y t h e Liplit o f t h e Moon a d i C o m p a n y n g P e r f o r m e r ( W. J . S c a Lester & Williams Co. Prof Cro Fowler & Warmington's C o . Vol). 1 6 Ida Siddons Burlesque & Specialty Co. Mir. 11 Humbug M a r. 1 7 Sj be ci a Wir. 2 2 - 2 3 A r t Show P h o t o ' s and P a i n t i n g s o f war-scenes M a r. 2 9 Malta R e v e l l e ' s Female M i n s t r e l s A p r. 8 Felix McKusick Roland Reed Co. Harry Co Ned W e s t R o l a n d Re Emily Kea Bartley Campbell Liza Web S o l Smit �Date A p r. 1 2 A p r. 2 8 May 3 o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t R e a d i n g s Tr a g e d y T w o from Dans H L e c t u r e June 2 Mich. P r e s s Asso. M e e t i n g June 1 3 - 1 6 Bohemian G i r l June 2 4 High S c h o o l Commencement J u l y. 3 Opera House Dance P a r t y G o w a e o r d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( s o t r h R g Local Ta l e n t J. W. C a r n e r Combination 30th-My P a r t n e r 31st-Inshavogue lst-Widow Bedott 2nd- E n o c h A r d e n 3rd-Monte C r i s t o C h a r l e s 4 t h - R i p Va n W i n k l e A. Fechter C. l s Comedy & S p e c i a l t y Co. . Aug. ) 0 Sep. 4 e F. Tr e (Grand L e National Knights o �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Sep. 6 - 8 6th-Monte C r i s t o Sep. 9 - 1 0 Sanitary Convention a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( s J. W. C a r n e r Combination Edwin Browne Dramatic Co. Sep. 1 3 Dion B o u c i c a u l t J. C . P o d g e t t C o . Sep. 1 8 The L o n g S t r i k e Sop. 2 0 - 2 5 2 0 t h - L o r l e y, o r the A r t i s t s ' D r e a m Waite Comedy C o . Oct. 1 Neck a n d N e c k E. T . Oct. 4 Lady o f Ly o n s Oct. 5 Patent R i g h t Oct. 7 - 9 Edward Lytton Adelaide M Amy G o r d o n C a s i n o Opera C o . Girofla 8th-Mikado 9th-Grand Duchess (matinee) Queen's Lace Handkerchief S i l v e r King C. Pod Stetson Co. 7th- Oct. 1 4 J . Wiggins C o . �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 2 1 Political Rally Oct. 2 2 Faust a n d Marguerite Oct. 2 8 Lynwood N o v. 1 Three B l a c k Cloaks Leading Performe Company G o v. A l g e Robert F Lewis M o r r i s o n A l s b e r g - M o r r i son Shakesperian Co. Maud G r a Thompson 's Opera C o . N o v. 4 - 6 Hoop o f G o l d C o . N o v. 1 6 The S t r e e t s o f New Y o r k Gaspard Maeder N o v. 1 9 The W h i t e S l a v e Bartley Campbell N o v. 2 4 Ranch Te n Dec. 1 Conrad Dick Gorman Comedy C o l Dec. 8 Jack Cade Collier's Lights Edmund O'London Co. Dec. I ) Fast Lynne Dec. 2 0 George face Cold Fire Dep D i c k Gorm C Ada G r a y Duprez a n d Benedict Minstrels �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i Company P e n r f Dec. 2 5 L o c a l Ta l e n t Coldwater teur Minstrels Dec. 2 8 I Comedians Harrigan's ists Dec. 2 9 - 3 0 r i s h A l v i n g o r m e r ( Charles L Joslin 1887 Jan. 3 O n Jan. 4 l y a Farmer's Daughter Marion Ab Phenix Jan. 1 4 W. J . Jan. 1 8 Local Ta l e n t Coldwater teur Minstrels Jan. 1 9 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Abbey's Uncle To m C o m b i n a t i o n Feb. 4 Out o f B o n d a g e Donavin's Musical Comedy C o . S a Feb. 1 0 - 1 2 T h e Feb. 2 6 l C i o Union Spy Sca H y e r s Sis m Lucas Wallace K Local Ta l e n t Bartley Campbell J o h n L. B �T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s Al G. F i e l d & Co. United Operatic Minstrels M a r. 1 1 M a r, 1 4 - 1 9 T a v e r n i e r matic Co. 14th-Queena 15th- H a z e l K i r k e 16th-The P r i v a t e Secretary 17th-The M i g h t y Do Liar itith-CLAre, and the Folge M a s t e r 19th-Oneena ( m a t i n e e ) The D a n i t e s J o a q u i n Miller The D e v i l ' s tion e r, t h e Go ]den B r a n c h Mai. 2 3 A p r. 8 F l Apr. 1 5 U n c l e Ap.u. 2 9 H . M . S . May 9 - 1 0 o r To m ' s C a b i n L e c t u r e Pinafore e D n r a G i l b e r t and Sullivan c p e L e Bindley Combination r o c ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . a l Ta l e n t George S . �Date o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t May 1 6 June 8 H L i t l e June 3 1 H Aug. 1 3 L i t t l e Aug. 1 7 H Aug. 2 2 - 2 7 i t i a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s i Henry's Minstrels Nuggets g h School Commencement Nugget S i s s o n s & Cawthorne C o . g h School Reunion E d w a r d Souther's Co. Sep. 5 - 7 M u s i c a l novelty L o v e n b e r g Family Museum C o . Sep. 1 9 - 2 0 Boston Comic Opera C o . Sep. Oct. 1 Dainty-Bennett Comedy C o . 26th-Divorce lst-Fanchon (;WFri7e) A Mountain Pink �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Date Playwright Company Leading Performer Aiden Ben Monte C r i s t o Oct. 7 Oct. 14-15 Bijou Opera Co. Oct. 24-29 Rentfrow's J o l l y Pathfinders 24th-Scraps Local Ta l e n t N o v. 3-5 The U n i o n S p y N o v. 9 Keep i t N o v. 1 N o v. 24-25 Virginius James S h e r i d a n Knowles N o v. 30 L i t t l e Tycoon Willard Spencer Dec. 5 Hans, t h e German D e t e c t i v e Bad B o y Frank Davidson Dec. 10 Dec. 16 Marked f o r Dec. 17 "Local Option vs. High License" R e v. G e o r vens ( l e c Dec. 20 Lone, o r the A r t i s t ' s Dream Maggie M i Dark George H o e y Pauline M Edmund C o The Te m p l e Theatre Co. Hardy & Yo u n g ' s Bad B o y C o . Life Sid C. Fra �Date o T i t l e o r Type Entertainment f L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( 1888 Jan. 4 Rice & Shepard Minstrels Jan. 1 6 B e w i t c h e d Sol Smith Jun. 2 7 My A u n t B r i d g e t Jan. 3 0 Samil o f Posen Feb. 1 Leap Ye a r B a l l G e o r g e Monroe John R i c e Feb. 2 - 4 Boston Comic Opera C o . 2nd- T h e M a s c o t 1rd-Olivette 4th-Mikado Feb. 7 9 Feb. 1 3 T'eb. 1 5 C o n c e r t U n " c A l e The NOSS To m ' s C a b i n n Evening o f Dickens" T r i x i e E S t L . e o D. t s c S t a i r o n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . a T r l i Ta l e n t x i e Comedy Co. J e s E d w i n s i e Ha Bo �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Feb. 1 7 Meg M e r i l l e s reb. 2 9 A Cold Day or,, the L a p l a n d e r s M a r. I M a r. 6 M a n d o l i n " J o h n Janausc J o s e p h & guitar Royal Spanish Tr o u b a d o r s R A M a r. 2 8 - 3 1 T h e R e v l N a i a d Queen A p r. 1 6 - 2 1 Arthur & Jonathan" M a r. 7 Leading Perform C o m p a n y L o . Ro Nourse ( G. Field's Minstrels o y c a l a l Ta l e n t Court Comedy C o . J . W. C a 16th- U n c l e Reuben May 1 In t h e Swim May 2 - 3 T e m p l e Theatre Operatic Co. Higgins & Keane's Dramatic I d e a l s 2nd- B u r r O a k s 3rd- N i g h t Watch May 8 S h a w n Rhire May 1 9 S h a n e - n a - L a w n J. S . Mu W. J . S c �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Date L e Playwright a P d i C r o mfp a noy e r June 1 5 - 1 6 " E n g a g e d b y W. S . Gilbert" Local Ta l e n t Sep. 1 9 Alba Heywood Concert Co. Oct. 4 Oct. 1 2 R e c i t a t i o n s and instrumental music P o l i t i c a l M i c h a e l N o v. 2 4 N o v. 2 8 3 g e lecture Strogoff r ( s Anna E . son ( l e c C h a r l e s F. To w l e A n d r e w s Co. Oct. 1 3 N o v. 5 n m McNish, Ramza & Arno's Minstrels P o l i t i c a l Lecture Adell Ha F a t h e r l a n d " D Charles Sidney R r . Jekyl and M r. H y d e " R e v. R o b (imperso M u r t h Ado About W i l l i a m No t h i n S h a k e s p e a r e Rhea Dec. 1 0 - 1 5 Florence Hamilton Tr o u p e 10th- O l i v e r Tw i s t 13th-My Husband 1 4 n -1- F u r n i s h e d R o o m s !lac. 1 9 The S h a m r o c k E d w i n Ha �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe 1889 Jan. 3 "Russia and t h e Romanoffs" Lecture optican Jan. 4 M r. C . E (lecture Rice & Shepard Minstrels Jan. 8 L i t t l e Nugget Jan. 3 1 Shamus O ' B r i e n Feb. 5 Musical tainment Feb. "The M a n w i t h the Musket, o r Soldiering i n Dixie" Feb. 2 0 A Possible Case M a r. 4 - 9 Sisson & Cawthorn L i t t l e Nugget Co. Charles Verner Harvard Quartette R e v. R o b McIntyre (lecture J. M. H i l l ' s Union Square Co. Ida Va n C o r t l a n d Co. The T a v e r n i e r s 4 t h - P y g m a l i o n 8e7 Galatea C a r r i e E elocutio �Drate T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe 5th-J.L.S. 6 t h -Lynwood 7th-Queena 8th- F o r g e t - m e - n o t G e n e v i e v e Ward 9th-Fanchon ( m777=e) Arrah-na-pougue M a r. 1 4 Kippler's tunes M a r. 1 8 Musical tainment M a r. 1 9 Wrestling Match M a r. 2 1 Around t h e Wo r l d i n E i g h t y Days M a r. 2 2 The Ye o m a n o f the Guard M a r. 2 7 "Sunshine" R e v. D r . l i t s (lec A p r. 5 "Camp L i f e i n Eastern Siberia" George K (lecture Apr. 1 7 Monbars Robert M Gus W i l l i Gilbert livan Swedish N a t i o n a l Ladies Concert Co. Edmund T (elocuti James ing James P . Milton R Marie Ha Cecil Ru Nellie M Stetson Opera Co. �Dekte T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t A p r. 2 6 "Across t h e Atlantic" A p r. 3 0 Centennial Exercises Malr 3 Art E x h i b i t "The B a t t l e of Gettysburg" May 9 Concert Company Leading Performe John W. R (vocalis imperson Local Ta l e n t Aug. 2 4 Noss F a m Al. G . F i e l d ' s Minstrels Aug. 2 8 Old Homespun Sep. 6 She George O Edward B a r b o u r Set.). 1 1 - 1 2 Gilbert & Dickson Co. Andrews O p e r a C o . Ilth-Erminie 1201-Tne M a s c o t Sep. 1 4 Labadie-Rowell Co. Sep. 2 5 - 2 6 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Sop. 2 7 Myles A r o o n Oct. 9 Musical entertainment Draper's Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . W. J . S c McGibney F a m i l y �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 2 1 Fubio Romani Alden B e n e d i c t Co. Oct. 2 3 A Possible Case J. M . H i l l Union Square T h e a t r e C o . Oct. 2 5 "For B e t t e r o r Worse; o r L o v e , Courtship riage" Oct. 30-31 The D e v i l ' s M i n e N o v. 5 "In and out o f Andersonville, a chalk t a l k on Prison l i f e " N o v. 6 The F a k i r N o v. 1 2 Company Leading Performe Aiden Be Jahu D e W Miller (lecture Frank W. (lecture Duncan C l a r k ' s Lady M i n s t r e l s a n d New A r a b i a n N i g h t s N o v. 2 8 Trixie L. A . L a Mary Vo k Dec. 3 "On t h e W i n g , o r a Summers F l i g h t Over t h e S e a " D r. A . lits Dec. 1 2 I r o n Ring Ada G r a y �Date o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Dec. 1 4 Concert Doe. 1 6 On t h e H u d s o n Dec. 1 7 B E m e r a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s o n ' s Stars Boston Estelle a r l o w Dec. 2 3 - 2 8 Bros. Minstrels Holden Comedy C o . M a t e S t e Lewis A . 23rd-The Diamond Mystery 28th-A Noble Heroine Dec. 3 0 " R e p r e s e n t a t i o n s from D i c k e n s " Leland P 1890 Jan. 1 . & Hugh Joke John Tho jan. To u r i s t s i n a Pullman C a r Jan. 3 0 La B e l l e M a r i e Agnes H e Feb. 7 Lecture & humor Bob B u r d FPL), 1 4 "Acres o f D i a m o n d s " Russell (lecture M e s t a y e r - V a u g h n �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Feb. 1 5 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Rusco & S w i f t ' s Uncle To m ' s Cabin Co. Feb. 1 7 Concert Boston Symphony F e b . 214_ M a r. 1 Leading Perform Company Augusta Eunice Goodrich Comedy C o . 24th-Pearl o f Savoy 26th-Dad's Boy 1st- C i n d e r e l l a (matinee) 1st- I n n o c e n t S a l t M a r. 7 "The R o s e , S h a m r o c k and T h i s t l e " M a r. 11 "The S t r u g g l e for Chattanooga" John R . (lecture R e v. W a s Gardner M a r. 13 MzAcbeth M a r. 24-25 The P o a c h e r ' s Doom Local Ta l e n t Ktr. 26 Concert Higgins Co. Concert Max. J1 Falka Andrews Opera C o . Janausch Charles Henry H i H. C o r n e �Date A p r. 7 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( Little Lord Fauntleroy b A l e r t a A p r. 2 4 - 2 5 R e c e p t i o n Bishop F A p r. 2 8 - 2 9 Lena L o e M i n d reading A p r. May 1 Helen B l 30th-L'Article 47 1st- M o t h e r ' s L o v e May 7 U n c l e Biram May 2 0 Lights o ' London May 2 1 Wrestling match June 4 Vaudeville June 2 6 High School Commencement June 2 7 - 2 8 Trained h o r s e s and m u l e s Sep. 9 - 1 0 A Barrel of Money Sep. 2 3 Thistledown A. H . W o o d h u l l Whitney Family Shows Prof. B r E. D . S t a i r Comedy C o . Grace Em Jessie B �Date Oct. 7 - 8 T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Playwright Company Concert & Act I I I F a u s t Goethe Abbie C a r r i n g t o n Grand O p e r a C o . Leading Performe Oct. 2 1 The W o r l d Awinst Her Frank Harvey Agnes W a l l a c e Vi l l a Co. Oct. 2 3 - 2 5 Davy C r o c k e t t Frank H i t c h c o c k Murdock Local Ta l e n t & Phil Phillips Co. Oct. 2 8 Political lecture G o v. L u c Oct. 2 9 Political lecture Hon. F r a Dean, H o W. T u r n e N o v. 7 "Sunny S i d e o f Life" D r. Jame (lecture N o v. 1 1 - 1 2 Ben H u r panarama & tableaux N o v. 2 5 Othello William Shakespeare N o v. 2 7 Tw o O r p h a n s Barber D•4e. 1 Dec. 9 Agnes W a Villa Local Ta l e n t Louis Ja Cleveland's Magnificent Minstrels Alvin Josiin Charles �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Dec. 9 Alvin Joslin Dec. 1 0 Vo c a l & instrumental music Ovide M u s i n Concert Co. Dec. 1 2 A Barrel of Money E. D . S t a i r Comedy C o . Company Leading Performe Charles Dec. 1 5 - 2 0 Holden Comedy C o . 15th-Queena 1 6 t h - Tw i x t L o v e and D u t y 17th- J i m , t h e , Penman 20th- L i t t l e Lord Fauntleroy 1891 Jan. 1 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Jan. 6 The D r o o m m a k e r of Carlsbad Jan. 8 Wrestling match „Ian. 9 L i t t l e Nuggets Sutton's Monster Double U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . Isador Whitmark & Fred Hawkins James R e �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Jan. 13 Tmpersonations & Vo c a l Music Leland Po & Wife Jai'. 1 Wanted, t h e Earth John D i l Jan. 1 Crisoa Louisa L Jan. ..b-28 Great M e t r o p o l i s Fob. 3 - 4 Feb. 6 Feb. 1 7 Feb. 1 8 Ma-.. 3 M a r. 1 2 17 A n d 3rd-The P r e t t y P. ) r s i a n 4th-T1ie M a s c o t t plus s i x " s k i r t dancers" L a d i e s quartette " O r a t o r s T h h e Fireman's Wa r d i p o A & Oratory" W r e s t l i n g C r e r i e w l - s T h Opera Co. o m a s Combination Hon. D a n Daughert (lecture 0 11 i e R e match t h e Old Minnie Se �Date o f M a r. 2 3 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t A Cold Day Apr. 6 Concert Arp. 8 "My W a r perience" May 2 1 P e a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( r k T h Local Ta l e n t e County Fair S o c i a l s Carlotta Father C (lecture C. B . J e f f e r s o n , K l a w, a n d E r l a n g e r Co. . 1 • • • • = • • • • = 0 M Sep. 1 5 n MacLennan's R o y a l Edinburgh Concert Co. P a t i e n c e Aug. 3 1 i Session A Oct. 1 - 4 . J . Sprague D . J . Sprague Co. Holden Comedy Co. 1st-Esmeralda 2nd- A M i d n i g h t C a l l 3rd-San Sanson 4th-Forget-me-not Oct. 5..10 R e n t f r o w ' s J o l l y G i p s y Wa Pathfinders C o l e m a n 5th-Fun by Express 10th-The F a s t M a i l Oct. 1 5 C i t y Directory D o n n e l y , R u s s e l l ' s Girard, & Russell Comedians �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Playwright Company A Rocky Mountain Waif Leading Performe Oct. 21 Oct. 27 Oct. 30 Quartette N o v. 6 Evangeline N o v. 11 A Night at Circus N o v. 18 "Saul o f Ta r s u s " George ling (le N o v. 1 New Y o r k D a y by Day Lottie W N o v. 27-28 Dec. 10 Kit, the saw T r a v e l e r Henry Ch Dec. 11 "Backbone" Thomas D Jr. ( l e c Dec. 18 Ole O l s o n Little G Joslyn & F i t z patric Minstrels Local Ta l e n t Schuman L a d y Quartette Rice the Nellie M Baldwin Comedy Co. �Date Dec. 11 T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Playwright Company Myrtle Ferns Joseph C l i f t o n Eunice Goodrich Co. Leading Performe 1892 Jan. Eunice Goodrich Co. 1-2 1st- S i l v e r S p u r 2nd- H o o p o f G o l d Scott Marble Jan. 9 Wanted A H u s b a n d Jan. 12 The F a t M e n ' s Club Jan. 20 Concert McGibeny F a m i l y Jan. 25 Va u d e v i l l e Nye & B u r b a n k Kings o f Pathos & Humor Feb. 1,seb 10 Eunice Goodrich Co. J. C . Stewart B i l l Nye A. L . B u "Wellington & Napoleon" Charles The P r i v a t e Secretary H. R e e v e �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Data Feb. 11 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Feb. 20 "Abraham L i n c o l n " Feb. 23 Paul K a u v a r Feb. 26 Leap Ye a r B a l l Feb. 27 "The L i c e n s e Liquor Tr a ff i c and i t s dant E v i l s " Feb. 29 M a r. 7 Playwright Company Stetson's Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . Robert soll (le Steele Mackaye Eugene R o b i n s o n Co. A. B . L e (lecture Barlow Brothers Spectacular Minstrels Held b y t h e Enfal Leading Perform William Gillette B i l l y Ba James B a Charles Frohman Co. M a r. 15 "Old Ocean, O u r Slave & M a s t e r " plus stereoptican Juno B . (lecture M a r. 30 Uncle Hiram Aaron H. Troja Gr Apr. 7 Concert Redpath C o n c e r t Co. �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Playwright Company Leading Perform Apr. 2 2 Recitations Vocal & instuumental music Mrs. F . thur tionist May 1 1 L i t t l e Nuga2I Herbert Barney Drucie G June 2 3 High School Commencement Sep. 2 6 Oct. 1 Rentfrow's Jolly Pathfinders Oct. 11 A Social Session Oct, 1 7 The W a i f s New Y o r k Oct. 2 4 A Model Husband N o v. 1 Political Rally N o v. 1 6 My P a r t n e r N o v. 1 8 A Night at the Doc. 1 4 o f Lizzie M Imogene John D i l l o n Co. John D i Nellie M C i r c u s "The S i l v e r Crown B o r n Sprague C o . a K i n g " or Russell well (le �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Doc. 28 "Travels torial Africa" Dec. )0-31 Royal ettes Wilbur & Rose Entertainment Co. Jan. 3 Concert Fisk Jubilee Singers Jan. 5 Jun. 27 "Around t h e World i n o- W a r " a l s o stereoptican Feb. 2 Concert Michigan U. Glee a n d B a n j o Club Feb. 11 The F l o w e r Q u e e n Local Ta l e n t Feb. 1 Recitations Feb. 22 Leading Performe Paul Chailler (lecture 189) Dago C o . Concert Blanche Roberts (lecture Retta Ke (elocuti Lotus G l e e C l u b �T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date "Up t h e R h i n e and O v e r t h e A l p s with a knapsack" M a r. 2 2 M a r. 2 9 O p e r a and ballad music June 2 2 H Sep. 5 Sep. 2 0 a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( i A Whitney ridge Co. Whitney ridge g h School Commencement Cracker Jack F a u s t Sep. 2 7 - 2 9 Henry C. (lecture S G o Carol E z Gus W e i n e t t e h e John G r i v e n s cum's Comedy C o . Edwin A . 27th-A W e s t e r n King Oct. 3 The O l d sted Oct. 9 Wrestling Match Oct. 21 The P r e t t y Puritan Oct. 2 6 The P o l i c e P a t r o l Oct. 3 0 Dorothy Denman T The B o s t o n I d e a l s A n d r e w s Opera Co. �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date P l a y w r i g h t Leading Performe C o m p a n y N o v. 3 Tbe S u b s t i t u t e Pair o f Kids N o v. 9 She N o v. 1 5 The I r i s h Statesman Carroll N o v. 2 7 The W i c k l o w Postman Eugene O Dec. 2 2 The M a n f r o m Boston John L . Ezra K e n 189 Jan. 5 Jan. 1 2 C a m e l Rides & midway C o n c e r t Feb. 8 L Feb. 1 5 A T Model Husband h e Power o f the P r e s s Couthoui cert Co. John D i l l o n J o h n Dil �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Mai'. 9 M a v o u r n e e n M a r. 1 6 R M a r. 2 8 M A p r. 4 A p r. 6 i h May 1 5 May 2 8 J a m , What a Night, G e o G J a n o e A U n c l e July 17 J Aug. 2 4 o h n e r i r F u r L To m ' s C a b i n s s g e m c L a v n s a n a e n T. Jackson Co. Ta l e n t ' U n c l e To m ' s Cabin Co. W r e s t l i n g Lily Clay Gaiety Co. Match J Far Harriet C h a r l e s Minstrels T. J a c k s o n assumes management V a u d e v i l l e y Ta l e n t l s t n U. Glee & B a n j o C l u b l c r o ' a o a h g n h o Chauncey cott e T J i o o b Hoey h o u s Pitou Co. A. Herne c D t l t Dress Rehearsal June 1 4 Aug. 3 M C o n c e r t June 8 g A Colleen C o n c e r t Apr. 1 7 u p Van W i n k l e (cuttings) y O A Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Company �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Enteltainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Aug. Sep. 27 1 Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( A n g e l l ' s Comedy Co. 27th-Our S t r a t e g i s t s 1 0 U -1- U p s i d e D o w n l l s t - Te n N i g h t s i n a Bqrroom lst-Unelt4 Ruben Whittle (matinee) My A u n t A b b y Sep. 1 The E n d o f W' rid Sep. 20 Mascot, U p to Date Sep. 24-29 the G i l b e r t Comic Opera C o . Frank Tu c k e r Comedy C o . 24th-Brother A.LaJLLS t 13 o 1 e r 25th-Thc Outea:sts Oct. 5 S Oct. 1 5 : L e e Oct. 1 7 " Oct. 2 4 i T Pluil.k,1 rd L . M. Boyer tun; Julius C h e White Quc:en" H Mrs. Sheldon i Henry's Minstrels �Leading Perform Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 2 7 Lecture Washing Gardner N o v. 1 Political Lecture G o v. R i N o v. 2 S N o v. 5 T N o v. 6 i d h e e Company Tracked Dazzler Maria Decca Concert Co. C o n c e r t N o v. 1 5 Charity Ball N o v. ' 1 "The M a n o f Galilee" N o v. 2 8 The B u s t l e r Dec. 3 Peck's Dad Boy Frohman C o . George ling (le W . Rhea Boezman Dec. 5 Cleveland's Minstrels Dec. 1 2 Monbars Dec. 1 8 Concert Dec. 2 0 Spiritualist Robert May L e g g e t t Concert Co. A n n L a e l a Ha Ev �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Company Leading Performe Clay Cle 27 Ohl W h a t a N i g h t Jan. 10 The N e w D o m i n i o n Frohman C o . Jan. 23 Concert Hillsdale College Glee C l u b Jun. 26 Trained Dogs Jan. 30 Edgwood F o l k s Down i n I n j i a n n y Feb. 8 "American N u t s ; Cracked cracked" Feb. 12 Robin Hood Feb. 15 "Philosophy o f Wit & Humor" Feb. 23 The B l a c k C r o o k M a r. 1 "Character Building" Dec. 1895 Prof. N o Alba Haywood C o . Annie D i Morgan W Barnabee & MacDonald Opera C o . Wallace (lecture Prof. De (lecture �Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Mac. 1 5 Charley's Aunt Frohman C o . M a r. 1 9 Concert Te m p l e Q u a r t e t t e M a r. 3 0 Finnigan's Ball Apr. 5 A B r e e z y Time Apr. 1 7 The G i r l I Behind Me Apr. 2 2 Concert Local Ta l e n t Apr. 2 3 HaLlelujah Chorus Local Ta l e n t Apr. 2 6 Lady M i n s t r e l s Local Ta l e n t May 1 1 The Tw o J o h n s May- 2 7 June 1 2 7 t h - To m S a w y e r June 2 4 Pianist June 2 7 High School Commencement G e o r g e Murray & Fanny Co Emarick Miss We Frohman C o . Left J. S . C r o s s y Silene J J. C . ( F Stewart, Phillips P r o f . Wm Sherwood �Date Aug. 2 0 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t B a r l a d i Company o w n g P e r f o r m e r ( Brothers Minstrels Earl Burgess English Stock Co. Sep. 2 - 7 Marie K i J. Knox G 2nd- A N o b l e S i s t e r Sep. 9 "Personality" Sep. 2 3 - 2 8 V i n c J e n t u - S d t r g e e t e o r Frohman C o . P Ya Co. 23rd- F a t h e r and Son 24th-The Census Ta k e r 25th-Our Boys 26th-Inshavogue 27th-True a s S t e e l 28th-The Wicklow Wedding I Oct. 1 Sowing t h e W i n d Oct. 5 Si P e r k i n s Oct. 1 7 Plays and P l a y e r s (vaudeville) Richie F Oct. 2 4 My W i f e ' s F r i e n d William C S y d n e y Grundy e r c y Sh Mita May �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Oct. 2 9 Concert N o v. 6 Concert N o v. 1 3 Chicago M a r i n e Band Andrews C h r o a l Union ( l o c a l talent) R e a d i n g s and Recitations N o v. 1 5 F a u s t N o v. 2 0 T h r i l b y N o v. 2 1 C o n c e r t Leading Performe Company P l a y w r i g h t B r o r B J o G k e r i i & Macy k o p r l s o s a A o h Co. c c Minnie M F r e d Eme s Callahan k Co. Burlesque e Raym C o n c e r t Co. N o v. 2 2 K i l l a r n e y and the R h i n e N o v. 2 5 O u c a s t s o f a Great C i t y — Dec. 5 m i s s J. E . To F r o Hartun Scarum Dec. 1 4 S e a n c e Dec. 1 8 L e c t u r e h m a A n Co. m D y a n i e l A Edith Ha Lee Frank Do Mysterio W i l l i a m �Date Dec. 2 4 o f T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( O ' H o o l i g a n ' s Masquerade Local Ta l e n t Patriotic Entertainment Dec. 3 1 18°6 Jan. 3 C o n c e r t Michigan U. Glee, B a n j o & Mandolin Club Jan. 8 C o n c e r t White & Morgan Concert Co. Jan. 1 0 Jan. 2 1 Jan. 3 0 Feb. 6 Feb. 1 1 Fob. 1 8 O u r Flats V i o l i n T h e Emily Bancker F r o h m a n Co. Concert Wife Remenyi David Belasco Frohman C o . L e c t u r e F a u s t A Bunch o f Keys H e l e n St Ann H u t c Sidney Th Morrison Co. �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Feb. 2 6 Tim, t h e T i n k e r Company P l a y w r i g h t J o h n Leading P e r f o r m e r ( E. Brennan Sackett P o r t e r Co. M a r. 2 . . 7 2nd- M a n a n d M a s t e r M a r. 9 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n M a r. 1 0 L e c t u r e M a r. 1 8 V a u d e v i l l e M a r. 2 3 Apr. 8 Apr. 9 Apr. 2 0 T T h " T A Aug. 1 7 - 1 8 h e t J H e Merchant o f Venice S h a k e t o s o n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . o w o h r W i l l i a m e s p e a r H e t a O h n ' f B n R. C ' s Hibernica Band & O r c h e s t r a o r d r i e n Spencer Co. N o r a O'B Fast Mail " L i b e r t y o f Man, Woman a n d C h i l d " May 2 7 Sep. 1 6 h S e R Passion Play" New Ye a r ' s Reception C o n c e r t L e c t u r e e o e T b x i e l o G L M o s c i a c m o o t i r l a r g (Lec e W (lecture) Ta l e n t n Troubadours t h y E Ta r s n e y �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Date Sep. 2 1 - 2 6 Company Leading Performe Jessie Mae H a l l Co. Jessie Ma Hall 21st-The P r i n c e s s in Patches Oct. 8 Si P l u n k a r d Frank E . Rose L e l a Oct. 1 3 Political Lecture William A Smith Oct. 1 4 Concert Oct. 2 1 Political Lecture Hon. J . J Desmond Oct. 2 7 Lecture Albion W Oct. 3 0 Political Lecture Senator J Burrows N o v. b N o v. 9 r e v. 1 4 N o v. 2 6 I n Heberlein Grand Concert Co. Old Kentucky R e c i t a t i o n s A Mixx H e x Straight T12 South B e f o r e t h e Wa r Henderson's Comedians Henry M a r t e l l �T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment Data Playwright Dec. 4 Julius Caesar Dec. 29 Band C o n c e r t Jan. 20 L'212 Feb. 2 The L i m i t e d M a i l Feb. 5 Trial by Jury Editha's Burglar Augustus Thomas Lincoln J. C a r t e r Company William Shakespeare Leading Performe Thomas W Charles ford Local Ta l e n t 1897 Albert Hart Feb. 12 Fast M a i l Mat. 15 Stereoptican Lecture "Hard Times, T h e i r Cause a n d C u r e " M a r. 18 Concert Sousa B a n d Apr. 1 Concert New Y o r k Male Q u i n t e t t e Apr. 3 Eight Bells John B y r n e Tr o u p e Charles H �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t A p r. 3 Eight B e l l s a P e d i Company r f o r n m g e John B y r n e Tr o u p e Lemaire's Cinematoscope A p r. 1 2 - 1 4 12th- m i l i t a r y scenes 13th-U.S. l i f e 14th- f i r e ments i n action May 17-19 Ly c e u m ment C o . 17th- A S u r e Thin.0 M a y 27 A New Ye a r ' s ception Re- June 25 High School Commencement July 7 M r. B o b Aug. 10 Ed. F . D a v i s ' Mammoth M i n s t r e l s Seo. 2-3 Columbian Comedy Co. 2nd- T h e S l a v e s o f Mon.fa 3rd-The Vo l u n t e e r L o c a l Ta l e n t Local Ta l e n t r ( s �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Sep. P l a y w r i g h t 20-25 Company Leading Performe Columbian Comedy Co. W. J . K n o Jennie P 20th-The B l a c k F l a g Sep. 29 Humtet W i l l i a m Shakespeare Oct. 22 The T h r e e Guardsmen Oct. 25 In A t l a n t i c N o v. 3 Bells N o v. 15 N o v. 20 Larrigan's Ball N o v. 27 Concert Dec. 7 Madame S a n s G e n e S a r d o u Dec. 21 The I s l e o f Champagne Walker Whiteside Paul Caze City F r a n k M. W i l l s o f Shandon John Ginners Clifton & Hurlbut 's Consolidated Minstrels Bosie Ste Frank Bud Chicago M a r i n e Band Kathryn K Gustave F �Date o T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t f a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( s )898, Jan. 5 A t Jan. 1 3 I n Jan. 2 1 T h Jan. 2 8 Feb. 7 Feb. 1 1 A F a T the French Ball F a n Feb. 2 7 M a r. 4 y Ric Gay Paris e Last Stroke Trip to the C i t y u h s e t G r Nancy Hanks i f F r a n k hill, f i Ta n n e Jr. t h M a Feb. 2 1 Feb. 2 2 n r i e Jan Field's Minstrels M r . Bob L A Capital Joke S h o r e G r i m e s ' Door Acres J Cellar o a m e c s a l Ta l e n t A. Herne James B . M a c k i e J a m e s B. M �Date o M a r. 8 T f h T i t l e o r Type Entertainment e L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( s Lincoln J. C a r t e r ' s Mammoth Scenic P r o d u c t i o n s To r n a d o M a r. 15 The H e a r t h s t o n e M a r. 22 A B r e e z y Time M a r. 28 Other People's M o n e y, Apr. 18 Apr. 21 James A . H e r n e Hoyt's Madison Square C o . Hennessy Leroyle Other People's Money Hoyt's Madison Square C o . Hennessy Leroyle U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Stetson's Double Monster Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . Apr. 2 5 - 3 0 Edward Owings To w n e To n y F a r r Bertha We J. Knox Gavin Co. (Columbian Comedy C o . ) 25th-Black F l a g May 1 6 - 2 1 Courtenay Morgan C o u r t e n a y 16th- F e l i c i a 2 0 t h - Te _ I j e a r t o f Cuba June 8 Scenes f r o m t h e war--animotoscope views �Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Local Ta l e n t June 9 Uncle Josh June 18 Joshua S i m p k i n s June 23 High School Commencement July 21 Concert Aug. 23 Held b y the Enemy Sep. 5-10 Stock company Sep. 2 Uncle J o s h Sep. 30 Si P l u n k a r d Oct. 7 How H o p p e r W a s Side Tr a c k e d Oct. 1 Concert Oct. 24 On t h e W a b a s h Oct. 31 Faust N o v. 3 Political Lecture Davis Concert Leading Performe Co. Local Ta l e n t Jule Walt Schumann G r a n d Concert Co. Abe E a r l y Esther Ea Porter J. White Co. J. C . Bur �Leading Performe Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company N o v. 1 5 Casey's Wi f e Mike Murphy Co. N o v. 2 6 El Captain N o v. 2 7 Concert Dec. 2 9 S h a n t y To w n John P . S o u s a William C Mandevil Bendix Grand Concert C o . I 899, Jan. 4 finaidan's Dall jun. 9 Vo c a l C o n c e r t Jan. 1 4 Cinematograph Kline's Lumiere Cinematograph An E n e m y t o the K i n g E. H . S o t h e r n C o . J o h n I el) Fe.,. 9 Harold Ja Secret Warrant 1 h 7 2 E r R l o a n b g e e r & Klaw C o . r t Grif Ma �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Feb. 2 5 The P r i n c e s s Madagascar M a r. 7 Side Tr a c k e d M a r. i 5 L e P l a y w r i g h t o f a d i Company n g P e r f o r m e r ( s Haverly's American/ European M i n s t r e l s Jule Walters 14'"2 Erlanger & Klaw Co. M a r. 2 5 The S l e e p i n g L C i t y Apr. 8 A B l a c k Mother o r, N a t Goodwin Turned U p American duction Co. Apr. 2 5 A Night Circus Rice & F l a h e r t y Co. May 3 Ermine May 1 0 The C a l l May i 6 Concer at the Local Ta l e n t o f Us May 2 2 - 2 7 Jean Maws Children's Concert Co. Bryan's Comedians 22nd- T r u e a s Steel 26th-A Hot Time in t h e Old To w n �Dote o f T i t l e o r Ty p e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t May 3 0 "Camp l i f e a m o n g the members o f Co. A " Aug. 2 5 A B r e e z y Time Aug. 2 7 funeral Sep. 4 - 9 Company Leading Performer Local Ta l e n t Bart T i b b Bryan's Comedians J. J . Owe Katharine vaudeville + 4th-The B l a c k ylag 8th-Michael Strogoff Sep. 2 0 Darkest Russia Sep. 2 5 The D a g g e r a n d the C r o s s Oct. 2 Faust Oct. 9 The F i n i s h o f M r. F r e s h + vaudeville Robert M a Porter J. White Co. Porter J. White �Data o Oct. 1 6 - 2 1 f T i t l e o r Ty p e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t v a u d e v i l l e + shadowgraph + 16th-The W o r l d 17th-The lers 18th-Mistic Mountain 19th-The Cannon Ball Express 20th-The L i t t l e Deceetive 21st-Miin Lieltning Oct. 1 0 Shannon o f tbe S i x t h N o v. 3 The S t o w a w a x N o v. 8 The T h r o e Mukateers N o v. 2 2 Hermolin t h e G r e a t + vaudeville N o v. 3 0 Vivograph Graphophone 14 Dec. 1 3 A Te x a s S t e e r Lecture Company Anderson T h e a t r e Company M a Leading Performe T o t c Yo u n g Brad Robert J . Donnelly John G r i f f i t h C h a r l e s Hoyt Frances C Kelley �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Dec. 2 2 L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i Company n g P e r f o r m e r ( s Uncle S e t h Haskins The C o r s i c a n Brothers Dec. 2 8 Harrison Woolfe 1900 Jan. 4 B r o w n ' s i n To w n Jim. 10 vaudeville Jan. 22 Humpty Dumpty Feb. 1 Concert Boston Ladies phony O r c h e s t r a Feb. 2 A Day and A Night Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s eb. 8 A Te m p e r a n c e To w n Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s 13 "Evening a t t h e Opera H o u s e " pantomime & recitation Local Ta l e n t rob. McIntyre & Heath's Comedians Richards Canfield �Date o f T i t l e o r Type Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Du S a n c h e t Company Bijou Theatre Co. Leading Performe Walter P Smyth & Comedian Feb. 1 6 My F r i e n d f r o m India Feb. 2 2 Concert Sousa B a n d Feb. 2 8 Finnigan's 400 Murray & Mack Co. M a r. S A Lucrative M a r. 1 2 Exhibition sion P l a y & Pope Leo X I I I M a r. 1 4 Sapho, W. C l y d e F i t c h Frank La Alberta Mal'. 2 2 Tht! L i a r s Henry A r t h u r Jones Empire T h e a t r e Co. Otis Skin Mr:4r. 2 3 Lecture M a r. 2 7 - 2 8 A #tn M a r. 3 0 corwert A r. w. Hearts o f the Blue R i g z e 3 Liar Norton-Gibbs Co. Thomas M o f Mystery Apr. 1 9 May- h Harrison Ariel Quartet Co. Hal Reid Dorothy Hi H e n r y ' s strels R i _ p Va n W i a R l e Joseph S �Date May 7 - 1 2 T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t C l a Company r k Leading P e r f o r m e r ( & Wood Select Players 7th-The Gales o f Justice June 2 1 High School Commencement Aug. 2 2 Uncle J o s h Spruceby Aug. 2 8 The D a i r y F a r m Eleanor Merion Sep. 7 The C h r i s t i a n Hall Caine Sep. 1 2 A Stranger New Y o r k i n Sep. 1 7 - 2 2 L J a m e s Co. i e b l e H. Wallack r & Co. L i o n e l Ad Julia St Hoyt Productions Standard Stock Co. 18th- A N o b l e Hero 19th- A f t e r Tw e n t y Ye a r s Sep. 2 7 A Trip to Chinatown Oct. 6 Political Lecture Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s H a r r y G i Mable Mo R e v. F . M �Leading Performer( Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Oct. 6 Political Lecture Oct. 1 6 Under t h e Dome Oct. 1 6 Political Lecture Oct. 1 9 A Brass Monkey Oct. 2 4 Political Lecture Adlai Stev Oct. 2 9 Republican R a l l y A. T . B l u s Senator Bu Oct. 3 1 A R u n o n t h e B a n k W a r d & Vo k e s E. D . N o v. 1 0 Faust Porter J. White Co. N o v. 1 5 Midnight i n Chinatown + vaudeville N o v. 2 3 Mrs. B . nessy (wash l a d y ) N o v. 2 6 The R i v a l s N o v. 2 8 The G i r l f r o m Calcutta N o v. 2 9 La To s c a Company W. C . W a r n G o v. S h a w Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s Mazie Tr u m S t a i r Co. Porter J. To n n y S u l l i v a n William Sheridan L o c a l Ta l e n t Theo B r o m l a y C o . Fanny D a v e �Leading Performer( Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Dec. 4 A Poor Relation Frank Keen Maud A b b o t Dec. Lecture J. W r i g h t dings Dec. 1 1 Solections from Faust, Tr o v a t o r e , Aida, Carmen Dec. 1 5 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Dec. .27 M Liis t r e 1. S h o w What H a p p e n e d t o Jones Concert Jan. Concert Jan. 1 9 Finnigftr's Bali. • 22 Alvin J o s l i n Company Innes Concert Coldwater's Thirty Sable Sons o f H a m Local Ta l e Broadhurst Oxford M u s i c a l Club Wrightson Warner Murray & Mack's Comedians �‘1111.11111•11 Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Jan. 2 6 Concert Fadette Ladies Orchestra Feb. 5 Next D o o r The R o y e r B r o t h e r s Feb. 8 Nevada, o r Lost Mine Feb. 1 1 A Day and a Night Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s Feb. 1 5 Humpty Dumpty Dickson & Mustard Co. Feb. 2 0 quo V a d i s E. J . C a r p e n t e r Productions M a r. 8 Concert Parker Concert Co. M a r. 2 6 Concert Ottumwa Q u a r t e t t e Apr. 4 Royal Box George S . C o l l i n e Co. Apr. 1 8 Va u d e v i l l e Local Ta l e n t Apr. 2 6 Keller, t h e magician Apr. 2 9 Chimes mandy june 21 High School Commencement the Company Local Ta l e n t Leading Performer �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Performe Sep. 1 7 McKinley Memorial Services Sep. 2 3 Humbug Sep. 3 0 For L o v e ' s Sake Marie Me Mable S t r Oct. 5 Rip Va n W i n k l e Thomas J e Oct. 1 0 Uncle To m ' s C a b i n A l W. M a r t i n C o . Oct. 1 6 The E v i l E I 1 7 7 1 7 Te T i l l e V i c t o r i a Troupe of Royal Dancers Oct. 2 4 Si Plunkard Oct. 2 6 Concert Oct. 2 9 T h e , Sp.An o f Oct. 3 1 Fluiiip t y D u m p t x Cornell Twentieth Century Humpty Dumpty Co. Eddie McD N o v. 7 Pump t y D u i p Cornell Twentieth Century Humpty Dumpty Co. Eddie McD Concert Excelsior tainers Fred Marsden Lenora Ja (violinis Life The D o n a �Leading Performe Date T i t l e o r Ty p e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t N o v. 1 4 Uncle Hez N o v. 1 8 The G i r l i n the B a r r a c k s N o v. 2 1 Faust N o v. 2 5 Lecture N o v. 2 6 Esmeralda Dec. 2 East Lynne Inez Form J. F . C r o d Dan S h e r m Dec. 5 O l Dec. 1 1 C o n c e r t P r i n c e Dec. 2 3 u o Frank Ada R . A . Caskie Co. Lewis M o r r i s o n C o . John B . D Local Ta l e n t Dan Tu c k e r Dec. 1 8 - 1 9 Q Company C h i o f Egypt Va d i s W c L h a o i g c t a n o l e Glee Club Ta l e n t y & Knowles Co. )!/02 Jan. 4 . King Dodo Jan. 1 5 "The M o o n i n Fact a n d Fancy" Castle Square Opera C o . ( l e c t u r e A. L . C o r ) �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Playwright Company Leading Performer( Jan. 16 The L i t t l e Jan. 21 The K i n g o f Opium R i n g Jan. 22 Concert Hahn P a r k e L a d i e s Quintette Jan. 28 Richard Carvel Andrew Robson Co. Jan. 30 Concert Elvie Burnett Concert Co. Feb. 3 When W e W e r e Tw e n t y One Morris & H a l l Co. Feb. 17 Ostler Joe Feb. 18 Lecture Spillman R M a r. 13 Lecture Ralph P a r M a r. 1 Sporting Life Apr. 1 Wa i f s o f New Yo r k Apr. 18 Si P e r k i n s A p r . 28 May 3 Va g r a n t s the Schrode Brothers Katie Emm Marks B r o t h e r s No. 1 C o . To m M a r k s �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date May 1 1 Te n N i g h t s B a r Room i n May 1 9 The P o w e v B e h i n d tLe T h i . o n e May 2 7 The June 1 1 - 0 S h a 11 t h - T h o Tw o K i d s 12th- T h e I r i s h Fiero 11111 - 1 w o L i t t l e Rogues 14th- A l l 1.:al: P l a y w r i g h t Company a Snowball Leading P e r f o r m e r ( A. M . P a l m e r C o . V e r n a s Mar Katherine L o c n a n l o Ta l e n t n Comedy Co. • • • • • • • • • • • • June 1 9 H Aug. 1 3 Aug. 1 8 - 2 3 t A g h School Commencemont Royal R Slave B o 18th-Madam S a t a n 19th-The T r o u b l e 6f Mr. Tremble 20th-His F i r s t Love 2 1 s t - n y Uncle F r o m 22nd- W o l v e s o f N e w Yo r k e y n n a e t l t Co. Theatre Co. W i l l i a m M Maude L e o n �• Date o T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t f a d i C o m p a n y n g P e r f o r m e r ( s 23rd-A Q u i l t y Mother Aug. 2 8 Sep. 3 S T i w Plunkurd o J M a r r i e d Men S Sep. 1 5 - 1 7 T h e Globe Tr o t t e r Sep. 2 2 h Kermis Sep. 2 5 T L o v e r ' s Sep. 2 9 Oct. 4 Oct. 8 e Lane L W o m . s i p T h e World's Monarchs o f Magic. Oct. 1 7 T h e Power Behind the T h r o n e Oct. 2 3 - 2 5 B c o m i c opera and vaudeville u a r i l g h t Hu Talent t r o m Comedy . Va n W i n k l e T c W S . Simp Clyde Fitch k e r C o 29th-My O r i e n t a l Friend Oct. 1 3 C . Lew . L o u i s DeLange A R . s h c h o - D m e v e a r e s Je Co. Katherine W i l b u r Opera Co. �Date o Oct. 3 0 f O l N o v. 7 T h e Prisoner Zenaa n g P e r f o r m e r ( Julius Cahn Co. of Thomas B Alexande L o e t g r e N o v. 1 0 G y p s y N o v. 2 2 W a a d i C o m p a n y d Jed ProuIx vaudeville David Harrum N o v. 3 N o v. 6 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t y C. B . L a Jack Willis G Down E a s t N o v. 2 5 The C o u n t y F a i r N e i l Bur N o v. 2 7 American Gentleman George H DPf.7. 2 Next D o o r & vaudeville George ville P c . FC)NV G i n A n d o a 10 Der:. 2 5 1903 A Standrd Article William A. Brady Alma S t i �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Kidnapped i n New Y o r k Jan. 3 JAI'. 2 9 Feb. 3 T T h h Feb. 1 6 e B E v i l Eye. e Liberty Belles A H a r r F o x y gniller s r o b s e F r a n k o o n t B. Smith R J r m y Leading P e r f o r m e r ( C o m p a n y a r The D a g g e r a n d the C r o s s Feb. 7 Feb. 1 2 P l a y w r i g h t e n h g G ' tric s Bal Hennesy Co. e p y r t B Harris Co. R i c h a r d G F l o r o d o r a Feb. 2 3 - 2 8 Kennedy P l a y e r s N e l l i e K 23rd-Cheek M a r. 6 The S p a n o f Life M a r. 1 0 J u s t S t r u c k To w n and s i d e s h o w M a r. 1 6 U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n Mal:. ) 1 Sporting Life Apr. 6 Devil's Auction T S C t h h e a t s r e o l n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n C o . e s H. Yale Co. Dona �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Date Apr. 1 3 O c c u l t Leading Performer Company P l a y w r i g h t Hermann t Great phenomena J o h n W. V o g e l ' s Big Minstrels May 1 6 May 2 5 - 1 0 G l a 25th-A Man o f Mystery 26th-Knobs nessee 27th-A House o f To o M u c h Trouble 28th-Georgia Ross 29th-Tracy t h e Bandit 30th-The Yo u n g Wife + vaudeville Aug. 1 9 A s g o w Stock Co. Royal Slave Aug. 2 4 - 2 9 Hunt's Imperial Stock Co. K a t e 24th-A L i t t l e Sinner Sep. U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n A l W. M a r t i n ' s Uncle To m ' s C a b i n Fitz �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Sep. 7 Si P l u n k a r d rep. 11 The I r i s h Pawnbrokers Sep. 1 5 - 1 6 C a u g h t Webb i n P l a y w r i g h t Leading P e r f o r m e r ( s Company J. C . L e w M c M C a a z b i e & Tru e the Carner Stock Co. SoP. 2 8 oct. 3 J . M. Car 28th- F o r Love and H o n o r 29th-Cast A d r i f t 3 u t h - R i p Va n Winkle 1st- T h e Hondman 2nd- A Romance o f the S o u t h 3 r d - C o 11 e e n Hawn Oct. 6 Oct. O f t t h e B r i tire ti. M i i g h t An T u d i a n a R o m a n c e O c t . lf-.1 Sager Drama Co. Monarch M i n s t r e l s Mason's C o r n e r F, J i k s Oct. 2 9 George K l Alma H e a r P r i n c e s s Chic B i l l y Cla QuincySawyer Co. Kirk LaShelle Opera C o . V e r a Mich �Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment N o v. 4 A Montana Outlaw Warner & Aotman C o . W. A l l e n N o v. 1 0 The S e r e n a d e The B o s t o n i a n s N o v. 1 6 When K n i g h t h o o d was i n F l o w e r J u l i a Marlow Co. R o s e l l e Rodney S t o c k C o . M i s s P l a y w r i g h t N o v. 2 3 - 2 8 Company G e r t r u d e K Va n e 23rd- A tuckian 24th- I n Convict Stripes 25th-Colorado 26th- F o r P o s i t i o n and H o n o r 27th-Ohio K i d s 28th-A Path o f Veng:er_nce + vaudeville Dec. 2 Ghosts Dec. 3 Miss Bob White Dec. 9 The G i r l a n d the J u d g e Dec. 1 1 The C o n v i c t ' s Daughter Henrik Ibsen Mary Shaw Willard Spencer's Comedy O p e r a C o . M a r y Hou Eleanor M �Leading Performe Dktte T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment 7wc. 1 8 As Y o u L i k e Dec. 2 4 J o h n i Ly C o n i e s Ma LI h i r i g H o m e Whitney Opera Co. Jan. 1 The M i d n i g h t press Zeb & Z a r r o w C o . Jan. 9 We A r e K i n d plus s t e r e o p t i c a n Jan. 1 9 The J o h n s t o w n Ilood Jan. ').? Lecture Dr. Thom Green Jan. 2 4 Lecture E. M . L a Jan. 2 8 The P p m p k i n flosker Feb. 2 Down a n d U p i t P l a y w r i g h t Company William Shakespeare E r n e s t Shipman Co. Camilla Blanche 1904 Ft.b. 4 T h e Night Before Christmas Walker W Lawrence Russell Heckman B r o s . C o . �Date T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Feb. 5 Concert Katharine way C o n c e r t C o . Feb. 1 7 H o i t y - To i t y Weber & F i e l d ' s Music H a l l Co. Fob. 1 9 The G r e a t W h i t e Diamond Walter Fessler Co. Feb. 2 5 vaudeville Sam T . J a c k ' s Burlesque Co. M a r. 1 0 The H e a d Waiters Joe K e l l M a r. 1 1 Lecture Russell Conwell M a r. 1 2 Te n N i g h t s Bar Room i n a M a r. 2 1 - 2 6 L e P l a y w r i g h t a d i Company n g P e r f o r m e r ( Ogden's Co. Myrkle-Hardner Stock Co. 21st- L i t t l e 17:17Z7a 22nd- T h e S i l v e r Dagffr 21ird-A Q u a k e r Wedding 24-th-The S l e e p i n g City Mabel H a �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Data P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading P e r f o r m e r ( 25th-Angel o f the 26th-Secret patch + vaudeville M a r. 29 An A r i s t o c r a t i c Tram) Kilroy & Britton Co. Apr. 4 Tw o M e r r y T r a m p s Wo o d a n d W a r d C o . Apr. 7 A Run on t h e Bank Apr. 11 A Country Kid Whittaker & Hicks Co. Apr. i 4 The F i g h t i u g Parson Wilber H Apr. 2 6 Chinese Honeymoon John E . H Edmund L a Apr. 2 9 L e g a l l y Dead The S h a n n o n F a m i l y May 5 Vogel's B i g Minstrels M.-ty 1 9 moving p i c t u r e s May 2 3 Ta m i n g o f t h e Shrew Ly m a n H . H o w e C o . William Shakespeare Charles H Marie Do �bats May 30..:31 T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t 1 0 t h -Camille Leading P e r f o r m e r ( Company Alexandre Dumas, Fils C o r a Pard's N;y:.stery o r t h e llta Crai June 6 - 11 June 2 0 - 1 5 H e n d 6th-W4;m,IT1 A r a i n s t r 7 t h - A Maz3 Jery 8th- L o t i n New Yo r k 4111-A h o t i b i n e e o f the S o u t h ( - ) c h - P. J e k y l a n d M r. H y d e 11 t h - T h e Yo u n g e r Droheus M a y n 20th-The phans 21st-Aduift i n Vo r k 2nd- E a s t L y n n e 2 j i r d - Tw o sc-)ols M e t 2 ! I t h - C a o i t I if. 2 5 t h - 1 Y: e . C o u n t r y Girl (matinee) e r a s r d o ' n Stock Co. s American Dramatic Co. Va n �Ditte T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t 25th-(cont.) The Lankashire Lass Aug. 1 A Royal Stave Aug. 3 Missouri Aug. 1 7 - 2 2 F r e a d i n g C o m p a n y P e r f o r m e r ( Gordon & B e n n e t t Co. d e r i c k H. Wilson Co. 17th- i n vice kind 18th- T h e C o u n t e o f A l e x a n d e r Monte C r i s t o D u m a s , F i l s 19th-A T r u e B o r n American 20th-The Church Across t h e 14:1 21st-Robert Emmett 22nd- B e y o n d t h e Atlantic (matinee) Shadows o f G r e a t e r New Yo r k Aug. 2 5 The M o o n s h i n e r ' s Daughter M a & n n , BUhler Co. E u n i c e M �Leading Perform Date T i t l e o r Type or Entertainment Auld-. 2 9 A D e v i l ' s Lane Sep. ) Te n Sep. 9 The H o l y C i t y Sep. 1 7 Humptv Dumpty Sep. 2 2 Undef Southern Sep. 2 ; A C h i c a g o Tralq2 + vaudevitle Oct. 6 Faust Oct. 1 0 Ti ; o P r i n c e s s C h i c Kirke La Julian E oct. Rudolph a n d Adolph, Emily C Oct. '. Yo u n g e r B r o t h e r s Alvin W Percy H N o v. 2 Was S h e t o B l a m e N o v. y - I 2 N i t ' Room Company P l a y w r i g h t Elmore S Mit H e l l La.wmaiut C o . in a Gordon & B e n n e t t R a y m o n d Co. Lottie B l a i r Parker Edward D Porter J. White Co. J o Juno B a r r e t t C o . h n A. Himmelein's Imperial Stock Co. Porter J Olga Ve r �T i t l e o r Type of Entertainment Dnte P l a y w r i g h t Company Leading Perform 7th-The dise 8 t h - To B e B u r l e d Alive 9th-ltuanoake 10th-East Ly n n e llth-The Kintl o f the D e s e r t 12th-The D a r k S i d e of a Great City N o v. 1 Wa y D o w n E a s t Joseph R . G r i s m e r Co. N o v. 21 Home L i g h t s Local Ta l e n t N o v. 24 Hamlet Harriso Wolfe, Tr u e N o v. 29 Cousin Kate Roselle Dec. 1 David Harum Julius Cahn Co. D e c . 5 Misteltoe Bough Local Ta l e n t The Va g a b o n d Q u e e n Local Ta l e n t Dec. 6 Dee. ; I 8 The H e s t N e w E n g l a n d Land S t o r y E v e r W r i t t e n �Date Dec. 8 T i t l e o r Ty p e L e of Entertainment P l a y w r i g h t Q u i n c y a d i n g Company P e r f o r m e r ( Adams S a w y e r Doc. 1 2 A r i z o n a A Dec. 1 6 W h e n the Bell To l l s Dec. 2 0 H o o l i g a n ' s , Tr o u b l e s Dec. 2 6 T h e l m a Dec. 2 9 W e d d e d Wife u g u s t u s Thomas Va l e & M a u r C o . T y l e r Amusement Co. Claire Pa but No M a u r i c e Fielding S e l m a Her �APPENDIX B I N D E X T O T H E D AY B O O K A �24 Ta b l e # 1 : I n d e x t o the performers Marion Abbott--Jan. 3 , 1887 Maud A b b o t t - - D e c . 4 , 1 9 0 0 Frank Adams- - N o v. 1 4 , 1 9 0 1 George Adams- - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 3 J. R . Adams- - D e c . 8 , 1883 L i o n e l Adams- - S e p . 7 , 1 9 0 0 Frank Aiken--Feb. 1 6 , 1884 Laura A l b e r t a - - A p r. 3 , 1883 Louis A l d r i c h --Mar. 1 8 , 1884 Thomas B . A l e x a n d e r - - N o v . 6 , 1 9 0 2 Viola A l l e n --Oct. 26, 1882 William C. Andrews--Oct. 24, 1895 Edwin A r n o t t - - S e p . 3 , 1 8 8 4 Mrs. F . C . A r t h u r - - A p r. 2 2 , 1892 F. M . A u n k s - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 0 Edwin J . A u s t i n - - J u l y 6 , 1 8 8 5 Alice Baldwin--Sep. 3 & 4, 1883 B i l l y Barlow--Feb. 29, 1892 James B a r l o w - - F e b . 2 9 , 1 8 9 2 Alden Benedict- - O c t . 7 , 1887; O c t . 2 1 , 1889 Francis Bishop--Dec. 12, 1885 A. T . B l u s - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 Helen B l y t h e - - A p r . 3 0 -May 1 , 1 8 9 0 C. E . B o l t o n - - J u n e 3 , 1 8 8 9 George W. B o n i f a c e - - N o v. 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 Marjorie Bonner--Feb. 14, 1885 Jessie Bonstelle--Feb. 1 5 , 1883; Sep. 23, 1890 Blanche Boone- - D e c . 2 4 , 1903 Mary B o u t o n - - D e c . 3 , 1 9 0 3 Mac B r a d l e y - O c t . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Prof. B r i s t c n - J u n e 27-28, 1890 Fred Emerson Brooks- - N o v. 1 3 , 1895 Edwin Lee B r. : w n - - A p r. 1 , 1 8 8 3 Wallace B r u c e - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 5 Frank Budd- - N o v. 2 0 , 1897 A. L . B u r b a n k - - J a n . 2 5 , 1 8 9 2 Bob B u r d e t t e - - F e b . 7 , 1 8 9 0 Neil Burgess- - N o v. 2 5 , 1902 John B u r l e i g h - F e b . 2 6 , 1 8 8 7 Julius C. Burrows- O c t . 1 5 , 1894; O c t . 3 0 , 1896; N o v. 1898; O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 J . W. B u r t o n - - S e p . 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 L. L . B u r t o n - - M a r. 1 0 , 1885 Jennie C a l e e - - Yo . Jennie C a l i f --Jan. M a e Va n e C a l v e r t Carlotta- M a r. : 3 , 28, 1882 1 7 , 1884 N o v. 23-28. 1892 1 9 3 3, �242 J. M . Carrier--Sep. 2 8 -Oct. 3 , 1903 J. W. C a r n e r - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 8 8 Charles H. Caton--Feb. 3 , 1892 Herbert Cawthorn--May 11 , 1892 Paul Cazeneuve--Oct. 2 2 , 1 8 9 7 Ella M. Chamberlain--Dec. 8 , 1884 Henry Chanfrau--Dec. 1 0 , 1891 C. W . C h a r l e s - - N o v . 2 8 , 1 8 8 2 John R . C l a r k - - M a r. 7 , 1 8 9 0 ; M a r. 1 0 , 1 8 9 6 W. A l l e n C l a r k e - N o v . 4 , 1 9 0 3 Estelle Clayton--Dec. 16, 1899 Clay Clement--Jan. 1 0 , 1895 Fanny Cohen- M a r . 3 0 , 1 8 9 5 Coleman & Hayden- - O c t . 5 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 Edmund C o l l i e r - - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; N o v . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 7 Jack C o l l i n s --Sep. 2 1 , 1886 A. L . C o l t o n - - J a n . 1 5 , 1 9 0 2 Harry Constantine--Feb. 16, 1886 H. C o n u l i u s - - M a r . 2 8 , 1 8 9 0 Russell H. Conwell--Feb. 14, 1890; Dec. 14, 1892; Mar. 10, 1904 Jane Coombs- D e c . 2 1 , 1 8 8 3 Father Cooney- A p r . 8 , 1891 Seth Crane- - M a r. 2 0 , 1881 R e v. G e o r g e C r a v e n s - - D e c . 1 7 , 1 8 8 7 William Crawftrd-Dec. 18, 1895 Andre C r i s t o n - - M a r. 9 , 1 8 8 5 F. F . C r o s b y , J r . - - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 1 Emily C u r t i s - O c t . 1 8 , 1904 Laura D a i n t y --Feb. 1 6 , 1884; N o v. 2 2 , 1884 Henry C . D n e - M a r . 2 2 , 1 8 9 2 Hon. D a n i e l D a u g h e r t y - F e b . 1 7 , 1 8 9 1 E. L . D a v e n p o r t . J r . - - A p r . 3 , 1 8 8 3 Fanny D a v e n p o r t - N o v . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 H. R e e v e s D a v i e s - F e b . 1 0 , 1 8 9 2 Charles L . D a v i s - - A p r. 5 , 1884; Dec. 29-30, 1886; Dec. 9 , 1890 Julia Davis- O c t . 23, 1883 Hon. F r a n k A . D e a n - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 8 9 0 Edward D e l a n e y - S e p . 2 7 , 1 9 0 4 Juno B . D c - m o t i e - - M a r. 1 5 , 1 8 9 2 John B . D e M o t t e - M a r . 1 3 , 1 8 9 5 ; N o v. 2 5 , 1901 Alice Deprey-Jiiiy 4, 1883 J. J . Desmond- O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 6 Anna E . D i c k i n s o n - - O c t . 4 , 1 8 8 8 John D i l l o n - J u l y 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 ; J a n . 1 4 , 1 8 9 1 ; O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 2 ; Ye t ) . ? t i . 1 8 W - , Annie D i l l y - J a n . o , 1 8 9 D Thomas D i x o n , 1 1 , 1891 FraWt: D o a n ; i - r ) c c . 7 , , 1 8 9 3 T h e D o n a i a t t a - - 0 c t . 2 9 , 1 90 I ; n a r . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Marie Denirm-ik--Wty 2 3 , 1 9 0 4 �243 Paul B. D u C h a i l l e r - - D e c . 2 8 , 1892 L i l l i a n D u n s t o n - - N o v. 1 1 , 1 8 8 5 Abe E a r l y - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 8 Esther Early- O c t . 24, 1898 J u l i a n Edwards- - O c t . 1 0 , 1904 Eda E l i e l - - F e b . 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 Sidney R. E l l i s - - N o v. 2 4 , 1888 Elmore S i s t e r s - - A u g . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 B l a n c h Emmet- - A u g . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 Grace Emmett- - S e p . 9 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 0 J. K . Emmett- J u n e 6 , 1884 Katie Emmett- - A p r. 1 , 1902 Rose E y t i n g e - A p r . 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 Carol Ezier--Sep. 5 , 1893 To n y F a r r e l l - - M a r . 2 8 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a r . 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 Anna E v a F a y - - M a r . 1 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 2 0 , 1 8 9 4 Al. W. F e l s o n - A p r . 4 , 1885 Cora E . F e r r i s - - A p r . 2 4 , 1 8 8 4 Perkins D. F i s h e r --Mar. 2 3 , 1891 Kate F i t z g i b b o n - - A u g . 2 4 - 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Wm. H . F i t z g e r a l d - - F e b . 2 , 1 8 8 3 James P . F l e m i n g - M a r . 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Bishop F o l e y - A p r . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1890 Inez Forman- D e c . 2 , 1901 Evelyn Foster- A p r . 6 , 1885 Richie Foy--Oct. 17, 1895 Sid C. France--Dec. 1 6 , 1887 Gustave F r a n k e l - - D e c . 7 , 1 8 9 7 Mrs. F r e n c h -Sheldon- - O c t . 1 7 , 1894 Alberta G a l l a t i n --Mar. 1 4 , 1900 Charles A . Gardner--Dec. 2 8 , 1883; N o v. 5 , 1888 Washington G a r d n e r - - M a r. 1 1 , 1 8 9 0 ; O c t . 2 7 , 1 8 9 4 J. Knox Gavin--Sep. 2 - 7 , 1895; Sep. 2 0 - 2 5 , 1897 J. W r i g h t G i d d i n g s - D e c . 6 , 1 9 0 0 Raymund G i l b e r t - - S e p . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Harry G i l f o i l - S e p . 27, 1900 Barnie Gilmore- J a n . 3 , 1903 Drucie Gilmore - M a y 11 , 1892 Kate G l a s s f o r d - - D e c . 1 4 - 1 9 , 1 8 8 5 Richar0 Golden--Feb. 1 2 , 1903 D i c k Gorman- D e c . 1 , 1 8 8 6 J. Newton G o t t s o i d - A p r. 2 3 , 1383 John B . Gough- N o y . 2 6 , 1 8 3 4 Maud G r a n c e r - O c t . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 W i l l i s Granger- N o v. 10, 1902 Ada G r a y - - J a n . 2 3 , 1 8 8 4 ; D e c . 1 3 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 1 2 , 1 8 8 9 Thomas E . G r e e n - J a n . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 John 5 r L f f i t h - S e p . 2 0 , 1 8 9 3 ; J a n . �24 Troja Griswold--Mar. 3 0 , 1892 Carrie E. Hale--Feb. 5 , 1889 Harriet Hale--Mar. 2 8 , 1894 E d i t h H a l l - - N o v. 2 5 , 1895 Jessie Mae H a l l - - S e p . 2 1 - 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 Charles Hampton--Mar. 1 5 , 1897 C. H a n d y s i d e - - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 Charles B. Hanford--Dec. 4 , 1896; May 23, 1904 Edwin H a n f o r d - - F e b . 1 5 , 1888; D e c . 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 Lela Harlow--Dec. 1 8 , 1894 Roberts Harper--Jan. 2 7 , 1893 George H a t h a w a y - - N o v. 2 7 , 1 9 0 2 J. J . Hayes- - F e b . 5 , 1 8 8 4 Marie Haynes--Mar. 2 1 , 1889 Mabel H a z e l t o n - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 A d e l l H a z l e t t - - N o v. 5 , 1888 Alma H e a r n - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Dr. James H e d l e y - - N o v. 7 , 1 8 9 0 John E . H e n s h a w - - A p r. 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 Percy Herbert- - O c t . 2 5 , 1904 Selam Herman- - D e c . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 Hermann t h e G r e a t - - A p r . 1 3 , 1 9 0 3 Agnes H e r n d o n - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 0 Miss H e x t - - N o v. 9 , 1 8 9 6 George S . H i c k e y - - M a y 9 - 1 0 , 1 8 8 7 Wilbur Higby--Apr. 1 4 , 1904 Charles Higgins--Mar. 2 8 , 1890 L. C . H i g g i n s - - O c t . 2 3 , 1 8 8 3 Blanche Howard- - J a n . 5 , 1893 Wright Huntington--Sep. 15-17, 1902 Ann H u t c h i n s o n - - J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 6 Ida Hutten--Aug. 2 4 , 1884 John E . I n c e - - S e p . 3 - 4 , 1 8 8 3 Robert G. I n g e r s o l l --Feb. 2 0 , 1892; A p r . 9 , 1896 Lenora Jackson- - O c t . 2 6 , 1901 Louis James- - N o v. 2 5 , 1890 Janauschek--Feb. 1 7 , 1888; Mar. 1 3 , 1890 Marie Jansen--Feb. 11 , 1898 Harold Jarvis--Jan. 9 , 1899 Thomas J e f f e r s o n - - O c t . 5 , 1 9 0 1 ; O c t . 8 . , 1 9 0 2 C a r r o l l Johnson- - N o v. 1 5 , 1893 Sadie Johnson- - F e b . 6 , 1 8 8 3 Silene Johnson--Apr. 1 7 , 1895 Emily Kean- - M a r. 1 1 , 1886 Frank Keenan--Dec. 4 , 1900 T h o m a s K e e n e - A p r . 9 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a y 1 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; D o c . 14 1 8 9 6 Francis Clement K e l l e y --Dec. 1 8 , 1899 �245 Clara Louise Kellogg--Dec. 7 , 1883 D a n i e l A . K e l l y - - N o v. 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 Joe K e l l y - - M a r. 1 0 , 1 9 0 4 Retta Kempton-Feb. 1 7 , 1893 Ezra K e n d a l l - - N o v. 3 , 1893 George K e n n a n - A p r . 5 , 1 8 8 9 N e l l i e Kennedy--Feb. 23-28, 1903 Alberta Kern--Apr. 7 , 1890 Kathryn Kidder--Dec. 7 , 1897 Wallace K i n g - - F e b . 4 , 1 8 8 7 Marie K i n z i e --Sep. 2 - 7 , 1895 George K l i m t - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Roselle K n o t t - - N o v. 1 6 , 1903; N o v. 2 9 , 1904 L. A . L a B o r g e - - N o v. 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 Frank Lander--Mar. 1 4 , 1900 C. B . L a n d i s - - N o v . 7 , 1 9 0 2 Edmund L a w r e n c e - A p r . 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 John Lawrence- - S e p . 1 8 , 1 8 8 5 E. M . L a y c o c k - - J a n . 2 4 , 1 9 0 4 Kirke L a S h e l l e - O c t . 10, 1904 H e r b e r t Wood L e a c h - - A p r . 1 7 - 1 8 , 1 8 8 5 Amy L e e - D e c . 5 , 1 8 9 5 Edwin A . L e e - - S e p . 2 7 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 3 Rose L e l a n d - - O c t . 8 , 1 8 9 6 A. B . L e o n a r d - - F e b . 2 7 , 1 8 9 2 Hennessy L e r o y l e - - M a r. 2 8 , 1 8 9 8 ; A p r . 1 8 , 1 8 9 8 Lcuisa L e t t a - - J a n . 1 6 , 1891 Dorothy Lewis- A p r . 3 , 1900 J. C . L e w i s - S e n . 7 , 1903 Jeffreys Lewis--Apr. 23, 1883 Louise L l e w e l l y n - O c t . 7 , 1898 Maude L e o n e - - A u g . 1 8 - 2 3 , 1 9 0 2 J. C . Lewes- A u g . 2 8 , 1902 Thomas L i s b o u r n e - O c t . 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 L i t t l e G o l d i e - O c t . 2 1 , 1891 Charles A . Loder--Apr. 4 , 1894 Lena L o e b - - A p r . 2 8 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 0 Sam L u c a s - - F e b . 4 , 1 8 8 7 Lewis A . Mabb--Dec. 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 B. M c A u l e y - S e p . 1 2 , 1 8 8 4 McCabe a n d M a c k - S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 Thomas M c C l a r y - M a r . 2 3 . 1 9 0 0 A. W . F . M c C o l l i n - - O c t . 2 0 , 1 8 8 5 Eddie McDonalu--Oct. 3 1 , 1 9 0 1 ; N o v. 7 , 1901 John J . M c G i n n u s - - N c v. 3 , 1 8 9 7 N e l l i e M c : H e n r y - N o v. i i , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v. 1 8 , i 8 9 2 R e v. P r . b e r t M c . f . n t y f e - F e b . 1 9 , 1 8 8 9 W i l l i a m Mack- A u g . 1 8 - 2 3 , 1902 J4mes B . M a c k i e - M a r . 4 , 1 8 9 8 �246 J. H . McLaughlin--Mar. 1 0 , 1884 Frank E. McNish--Oct. 8 , 1896 Stanley Macy- - A p r. 1 3 - 1 4 , 1885 W i l l i a m C. M a n d e v i l l e - - N o v. 2 6 , 1899 Robert M a n t e l l - - A p r. 1 7 , 1889; Dec. 1 2 , 1894; Feb. 2 , 1899; Sep. 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 ; F e b . 7 , 1 9 0 3 Ve r n a M a r i e - - M a y 3 , 1 9 0 2 Paulene Markham- - N o v. 1 9 , 1887 To m M a r k s - - A p r . 2 8 - M a y 3 , 1 9 0 2 N e l l i e Marr--Mar. 2 1 , 1889 Edward R . M a r s d e n - - F e b . 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 Lawrence M a r s t o n - - N o v. 1 1 , 1 8 8 5 Jean Mawson--May 1 0 , 1 8 9 9 Mita Maynard- - O c t . 1 , 1895 George D . M e l v i l l e - - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 2 M i l l i e Method--Oct. 2 9 , 1895 M a r i e M e t h u a - - S e p . 3 0 , 190.1 Vera M i c h e l e n a - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Jahu D e W i t t M i l l e r - - O c t . 2 5 , 1 8 8 9 George C . M i l n - - A p r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 6 Maggie M i t c h e l l - - M a r. 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 ; F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 8 4 ; D e c . 2 0 , 1 8 3 9 Whitney Mockridge--Mar. 2 9 , 1893 Mable Montgomery- - S e p . 2 7 , 1 9 0 0 Eleanor Montell--Dec. 9 , 1903 Adelaide Moore--Oct. 4 , 1886 Bella Moore--Sep. 2 6 - 2 8 , 1883 Flora Moore- - O c t . 3 0 , 1883 Courtenay Morgan--May 16-21, 1898 Lizzie Mulvey--Oct. 17, 1892 Eunice Murdock--Aug. 1 , 1904 J. S . Murphy- J a n . 8 , 1885; May 8, 1888 Murray & Mack--Mar. 3 0 , 1898 Mysterious Oneida--Dec. 14, 1895 Cora N e i l s o n - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 Milton Nobles--Mar. 3 , 1884 Casey N o r r i s - - A u g . 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 ; J a n . 2 6 , 1 8 9 5 R e v. R o b e r t N o u r s e - - M a r . 6 , 1 8 8 8 ; N o v . 2 8 , 1 8 3 8 B i l l Nye- - J a n . 2 5 , 1892 George O b e r - - A u g . 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 Barney O ' B r a d y - M a y 11 , 1892 Nora O ' B r i e n - - M a r. 2 3 , 1 8 9 6 Augusta O h e s t l a m - F e b . 1 7 , 1890 Chauncey O l c o t t - M a r . 9 , 1 8 9 4 Eugene O ' R o u r k e - N o v . 2 7 , 1 8 9 3 J. J . Owen--Sep. 4 - 9 , 1 8 9 9 J. A . O w e n s - - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 Claire Paige-DEc. 2 6 , 1904 Ralph F a r i e t t - M a r . 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 �247 Charles T. P a r s l o e - - M a r. 1 8 , 1884 Walter Perkins- F e b . 1 6 , 1900 Edmund T . P h e l a n - - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 8 9 Quinn P h i l l i p s - - M a y 11 , 1 8 9 5 Jennie P l a t t --Sep. 2 0 - 2 5 , 1897 J. C . Podgett--Sep. 1 8 , 1886 Helen P o t t e r - - A p r. 2 4 , 1883 Leland Powers- D e c . 3 0 , 1889; J a n . 1 3 , 1891 Daisy Ramsden--Feb. 2 , 1883; S e p . 11 , 1883 J o h n W. R a n s o m e - - A p r . 2 6 , 1 8 8 9 0 11 i e R e d p a t h - - F e b . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 Roland Reed- - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 2 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; D e c . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; M a r. 1 1 , 1 8 8 6 James R e i l l y - - J a n . 6 , 1 8 9 1 R e m e n y i - - N o v. 8 , 1 8 8 3 ; J a n . 2 1 , 1 8 9 6 J. N . R e n t f r o w - O c t . 1 7 , 1882 Camilla Reynolds--Dec. 18, 1903 Rhea- S e p . 2 2 , 1 8 2 4 ; D e c . 3 , 1 8 8 8 Richards & C a n f i e l d - F e b . John R i g g s - J u l y 1 6 , 1 3 8 3 Spillman Riggs--Feb. 1 8 , 1902 J. W. R i l e y --Dec. 1 9 , 1884 James W h i t c o m b R i l e y - - F e b . 1 3 , 1 8 8 5 D. W . R o b e r t s o n - - F e b . 5 , 1 8 8 4 M i l t o n Roblee--Mar. 2 1 , 1889 Stuart Rogers- M a r . 3 , 1885 Fred R o t h s t e i n - J u l y 6 , 1885 Cecil Ruse- M a r . 2 1 , 1889 Sol S m i t h R u s s 3 11 - - A p r. 8 , 1 8 8 4 ; A p r . 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; J a n . 1 6 , 1 8 8 8 William J. Scanlan--May 3, 1884; Sep. 1 5 , 1884; May 25, 1885; Jan. 1 9 , 1 8 8 6 ; J a n . 1 4 , 1 8 8 7 ; M a y 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 ; S e p . 2 7 , 1889 Alfred L. Schwartz- J u l y 6, 1885 Minnie Seward- M a r . 1 7 , 1891 Percy Sharpe- O c t . 1 , 1895 G o v. S h a w - O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 0 Mary Shaw- - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 3 Dan S h e r m a n - D e c . 5 , 1 9 0 1 William H. Sherwood- M a y 27-June 1 , 1895 S. S . S i m p s o n . - S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 2 J o s e Sisson- O c t . 1 7 , 1382; N o v. 2 6 , 1885 Oscar S i s s o n - - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 Otis Sklur.er--M7. 22, 1900 F r a n k W. S m i t h - N o v . 5 , 1 8 8 9 Sid Smith- S e p , 3 , 1884 William Alden S,:nith-Oct. 13, 1,S6 Albert J . Sprague- A a r . 1 6 , 1394 Joseph S p r a z u - - M a y 4 , 1 9 0 0 William S t a f f o r d - A p T. 6 , 1885 �248 Katharine Standish--Sep. 4 - 9 , 1899 Bosie Stevens- - N o v. 2 0 , 1 8 9 7 Mate S t e v e n s - - D e c . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 Adlai Stevenson--Oct. 2 4 , 2900 J. C . ( F a t t y ) Stewart--Apr. 2 6 , 1895 Helen Stickland--Jan. 3 0 , 1895 Alma S t i r l i n g - - D e c . 2 5 , 1 9 0 2 Mable S t r i c k l a n d - - S e p . 3 0 , 1 9 0 1 Carrie Stuart--Apr. 1 4 , 1883 Julia Stuart--Sep. 7 , 1900 John L . S u l l i v a n - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 2 2 , 1 8 9 3 Ti m o t h y E . Ta r s n e y - - S e p . 1 6 , 1 8 9 6 Bessie Ta y l o r - M a r . 1 6 - 1 7 , 1885 F a y Te m p l e t o n - M a r . 2 0 , 1 8 8 3 S i d n e y Thomas- F e b . 6 , 1 8 9 6 Denman T h o m p s o n - N o v . 1 0 , 1 8 8 4 ; O c t . 3 , 1 8 9 3 John T h o m p s o n - J a n . 1 , 1 8 9 0 J. E . To o l e - - N o v. 2 2 , 1 8 9 5 P a t t i To s a - D e c . 2 8 , 1883 A l b i o n W. T o - a r g e e - O c t . 2 7 , 1 8 9 6 R. F . T r e v a l l i c k - M a y 3 , 1 8 8 6 Augusta True- N o v . 2 4 , 1904 Mazie Tr u m b u l l - O c t . 1 9 , 1 9 0 0 ; S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 Hon. J e r o m e W. T u r n e r - O c t . 2 9 , 1 8 9 0 John T y l e r - J u l y 1 6 , 1 8 8 5 Camilla lirso-May 25, 1883 Cora Va n Ta s s e l l - - M a y 3 0 - 3 1 , 1 9 0 4 Olga Verne- - 0 c . 6 , 1 9 0 4 Charles E r i n Verner- J a n . 3 1 , 1889 Agnes W a l l a c e V i l l a - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 0 Mary Vo k e ! ; - - N o v. 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 James W a i t - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 Jule Walters- O c t . 7 , 1898 E. L . W a l t o n - - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 8 3 G i p s y Ward- O c t . 5 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 W. C . W a r n e r - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 0 Wrightson Warner--Jan. 1 4 , 1901 Imogene W a s h t u r n e - O c t . 1 7 , 1 3 9 2 C a r r i e Webber- O c t . 6 , 1 8 8 5 H a r r y Webber--,71ct. 6 , 3 8 5 L i z a Weber- M a r . 2 9 . 1 8 8 6 Gus W e i n b u r g - S e p . 5 . 1 8 9 3 Bertha Welby--Mar. 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 George R . l e n d l i n g - N o v . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v. 2 1 , 1 9 9 4 Ned W e n t - - F = . b . 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 J o s e p h F . S h e l o . : - . . k - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 P o r t e r J . Wri-Lte--Oct. 2 , ; 8 9 9 ; N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 : 0,;;_. 6 , 190'4 �249 Walker W h i t e s i d e s - - S e p . 2 9 , 1 8 9 7 ; J a n . 9 Bertha W i l b y - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 George W i l l a r d - - A p r . 2 0 , 1 8 9 6 Katherine W i l l a r d --May 19, 1902 Gus W i l l i a m s - - A u g . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a r . 1 4 , L o t t i e W i l l i a m s - - N o v. 1 9 , 1891 R e v. A . A . W i l l i t t s - - M a r . 2 7 , 1 8 8 9 ; D e c . Harrison J . W o l f e - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 9 0 4 Morgan Wood- - F e b . 8 , 1 8 9 5 Aaron H . Woodhull - - M a r. 3 0 , 1 8 9 2 Harrison J . Woolfe--Jan. 4 , 1900; Mar. 8 Alvin Wyckoff- - O c t . 2 6 , 1904 Judge Y a p l e - - S e p . 9 , 1 8 9 5 Lydia Ye a m a n - - A p r. 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 To t Yo u n g - - O c t . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Gertrude Zimmer- - N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 Madelon Z o l o - - J a n . 1 , 1 8 8 4 , 1904 1889 3 , 1889 , 1900 �250 Ta b l e # 2 ; Adrif After All a Alvin I n d e x to the Plays t i n New Yo r k - - J u n e 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 Tw e n t y Ye a r s - - S e p . 1 9 , 1 9 0 0 Mistake- J u n e 14, 1902 Joslin--Apr. 1 , 1884; Dec. 29-30, 1886; Dec. 9 , 1890; Jan. 2 2 , 1901 American G e n t h m a n - N o v. 2 7 , 1902 An A r i s t o c r a t i c T r a m p - M a r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 An Enemy t o t h e K i n g - - J a n . 2 7 , 1 8 9 9 An I n d i a n a Romance- - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 3 Andersonville-Feh. 19-21, 1885 Angel o f t h e A l l e y --Mar. 2 5 , 1904 Arizona--Dec. 1 2 , 1904 Around t h e W s r l d i n E i g h t y Days- - M a r. 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Arrah-na-pougue-Mar. 9 , 1889 As Y o u L i k e I t - - D e c . 1 8 , 1 9 0 3 At t h e French B a l l - - J a n . 5 , 1898 Bad B o y - - D e c . 1 0 , 1 8 8 7 The B a n k e r ' s D a u g h t e r - N o v . 2 9 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a y 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 1 5 , 1885 A B a r r e l o f Money--Sep. 9 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 0 ; D e c . 1 2 , 1 8 9 0 B e l l s o f S h a n d o n - N o v. 3 , 1 8 9 7 Ben H u r - - N o v . 1 1 - 1 2 , 1 8 9 0 Bessie's Burglar- O c t . 6 , 1885 The B e s t N e w E n g l a n d L a n d S t o r y E v e r W r i t t e n - D e c . 8 , 1 9 0 4 Bewitched- J a n . 1 6 , 1888 Beyond t h e A t l a n t i c - A u g . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 Black C r o o k - - o v. 4 , 1882; Feb. 2 3 . 1895 The B l a c k Y l a g . - - S e p . 2 0 , 1 8 9 7 ; A p r . 2 5 , 1 8 9 8 ; S e p . 4 , 1 8 9 9 A Black Mother- A p r . 8 , 1899 The E o h e m i a n - I d e c . 1 , 1 8 8 5 Bohemian G i r l - - J u n e 1 5 - 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 The B o n d m a n - O c t . 1 , 1 9 0 3 A Brass 7Aenkey-0ct. 19. 1900 A B r e e z y Time- A p r . 5 , 1 8 9 5 ; M a r. 2 2 , 1 8 9 8 ; A u g . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 The B r o m m a k e r o f C a r l s b a d - - J a n . 6 , 1 8 9 1 Brother Agains 3.roth-,,r--Sep. 2 4 , 1894 Brown's i n To r : - - J a n . 4 , 1900 A Bunch o f Keys- O c t . 3 0 , 1883; Feb. 1 8 , 1096 Burr Oaks--May 2 , 1 3 2 8 The C a l l O f U s - M a y 1 0 , 1 8 9 9 Camille- M a y 3 0 . 1 9 0 4 ; J u n e 2!J, 1 9 0 4 Cannen B a i l E x p r e s s - - O c t . 1 9 , i 8 9 9 X - T Z I T I e l J o k e - F e b . ;,'; 1 8 9 8 . Carrots- A p r . 2.J, 1395 Casey's N i f e - N ' o v. 1 5 , 189 El77 A d r i f t - S e u . 2 9 , 1903 �251 Caste- - A p r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 Caught i n t h e Webb- S e p . 1 5 - 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 The C e n s u s T a k e r - - S e p . 2 4 , 1 8 9 5 Chain L i g h t n i n g - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Cheek- - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 2 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; F e b . 2 3 , 1 9 0 3 C h a r i t y B a l l - - N o v. 1 5 , 1 8 9 4 Charley's Aunt- - M a r. 1 5 , 1895 A C h i c a g o Tramp- - S e p . 2 7 , 1 9 0 4 The C h r i s t i a n - - S e p . 7 , 1 9 0 0 The C h i m e s o f N o r m a n d y - - M a y 8 - 9 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 1 Chinese Honeymoon- - A p r . 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 Chip 0 ' t h e O l d B l o c k - - M a r. 1 2 , 1891 The C h u r c h A c r o s s t h e Wa y - - A u g . 2 0 , 1 9 0 4 C i n d e r e l l a - - M a r. 1 , 1890 C i t y D i r e c t o r y - - O c t . 1 5 , 1891 Cleo- - F e b . 2 6 , 1 8 8 7 C l a i r e a n d t h e F o r g e M a s t e r - - M a r. 1 8 , 1 8 8 7 A C o l d Day--Feb. 2 9 , 1888; M a r. 2 3 , 1891 Colleen Bawn--Sep. 2 1 , 1885; O c t . 3 , 1903 Colorado- - N o v. 2 5 , 1 9 0 3 Confusion- F e b . 2 7 , 1885; A p r. 2 5 , 1885 Conrad- - D e c . 1 , 1 8 8 6 The C o n v i c t ' s D a u g h t e r - - D e c . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 The C o u n t e o f M o n t e C r i s t o - - A u g . 1 8 , 1 9 0 4 The C o u n t r y G i r l - - J u n e 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 A Country K i d - A p r . 11 , 1904 The C o u n t y F a i r - A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v . 2 5 , 1 9 0 2 Cousin K a t e - - N o v. 2 9 , 1904 A Cracker Jack--Sep. 5 , 1892 The C r i m e s o f L o n d o n - J a n . 2 9 , 1 8 8 5 C r i s p a - J a n . 1 6 , 1891 Dad's B o y --Feb. 2 5 , 1990 The D a g g e r a n d t h e C r o s s - S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 ; F e b . 7 , 1 9 0 3 The D a i r y F a r m - - A u g . 2 8 , 1 9 0 0 The D a n i t e s - - M a r . 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 The D a r k S i d e o f a G r e a t C i t y - N o v . 1 2 , 1 9 0 4 Darkest Russia--Sep. 2 0 , 1899 David H a r r u m - N o v. 3 , 1 9 0 2 ; D e c . 1 , 1904 Davy C r o c k e t t - - O c t . 2 3 - 2 5 , 1 8 9 0 A Day and a N i g h t --Feb. 2 , 1900; Feb. 11 , 1901 The D a z z l e r - - N o v . 5 , 1 8 9 4 The D e v i l ' s A u c t i o n - M a r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 7 ; A p r . 6 , 1 9 0 3 A D e v i l ' s Lane- A u g . 2 9 , 1904 The D e v i l ' s M i n e - - O c t . 3 0 - 3 1 , 1 8 8 9 A Diamond M y s t e r y - - S e p . 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 ; D e c . 2 3 , 1 8 8 9 Divorce- S e p . 2 6 , 1887 Dodging- M a y 1 9 & 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 D o l l y ' L u c k - O c t . 9 , 1883 p o r o t h r - O c t . 30, 1893 Down a n d U p - F e b . 2 , 1 9 0 4 �252 Dr. J e k y l a n d M r. Hyde- - J u n e 1 0 , 1904 A Dress Rehearsal--June 8, 1894 The D r u n k a r d ' s D a u g h t e r - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 8 2 East Lynne- - J a n . 2 3 , 1884; Dec. 1 9 , 1885; Dec. 1 3 , 1886; Dec. 2 , 1 9 0 1 ; J u n e 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 ; N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 4 Edgewood F o l k s - - A p r . 8 , 1 8 8 4 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 5 Editha's Burglar- F e b . 5 , 1897 Eight B e l l s --Apr. 3 , 1897 El Oapitan-Nov. 26, 1898 The E n d o f t h e W o r l d - S e p . 1 4 , 1 8 9 4 Enock A r d e n - - M a r. 7 , 1 8 8 5 ; S e p . 2 , 1 8 8 6 Erminie--Sep. 11 , 1889; May 3, 1899 Esmeralda--Oct. 2 6 , 1882; O c t . 1 , 1891; N o v. 2 6 , 1901 Evangeline- - N o v. 6 , 1891 The E v i l E y e - - O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 1 ; J a n . 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Fabio Romani- - O c t . 2 1 , 1889 The F a k i r - - N o v . 6 , 1 8 8 9 Falka--Mar. 3 1 , 1 8 9 0 Fanchon-Mar. 1 3 , 1883; O c t . 1 , 1887; M a r. 9 , 1889 The F a s t M a i l - - O c t . 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 ; A p r . 8 , 1 8 9 6 ; F e b . 1 2 , 1 8 9 7 The F a t M e n ' s C l u b - - J a n . 1 2 , 1 8 9 2 Father and Son--Sep. 2 3 , 1895 Fatherland- - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 8 Faust--Sep. 2 0 , 1 8 9 3 ; N o v. 1 5 , 1895; F e b . 11 , 1896; F e b . 7 , 1898; O c t . 3 1 , 1 8 9 8 ; O c t . 2 , 1 8 9 9 ; N o v . 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 ; N o v. 2 1 , 1 9 0 1 ; O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 4 Faust and M a r g u e r i t e - O c t . 2 2 , 1886 Felicia--Apr. 29, 1885; May 16, 1898 F e l i x McKu3ick--Apr. 8 , 1886 The F i g h t i n g P a r s o n - - A p r . i 4 , 1 9 0 4 The F i n i s h o f M r . F r e s h - - O c t . 9 , 1 8 9 9 Finnigan's B a l l --Mar. 3 0 , 1895; J a n . 4 1 8 9 9 ; J a n . 1 9 , 1901 Finnigan's 400--Feb. 28, 1900 The F i r e m a n ' s W a r J - F e b . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 Florodora--Feb. 16, 1903 T h e F l o w e r Q u , ? e n - - F, t h . 1 1 , 1 8 9 3 Fogg's F e r r y - - p r . 1 4 , 1833; Sep. 2 6 , 1883 For Love anci H o n i - r - S e p . 2 8 , 1 9 0 3 For Love's Sake- S e p . 7 0 , 1901 For P o s i t i . m F i J n o r - - N o v . 2 6 , 1905 Forget-me-not--'!iar. 1 5 8 9 ; O c t . 4 , 1891 1472- F e b . 9 M r . 15, 1899 Grancipa-Cec. 1 0 , 1902 Foxy Q u i l l - r - - F e b . 1 2 , 1 9 0 3 The F r e n c h S p y - - F e b . 2 8 , 1 8 8 3 ; A p r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 F r i e n d a n d ..Fe- - M a y 3 , 1 5 8 h ; M3y 2 5 . 1 6 8 3 Fritz i n Ireind--June 6, !884 TE4277Frolit:: a Uuv--ect. 13, 1883 Prow-Fre74,--.Dec. 1 5 , 1 8 5 �253 Fun b y E x p r e s s - - O c t . 5 , 1 8 9 1 Fun i n a B o a r d i n g S c h o o l - - S e p . 3 - 4 , 1 8 8 3 F u r n i s h e d Rooms- D e c . 1 4 , 1 8 8 8 The G a l e s o f J u s t i c e - - M a y 7 , 1 9 0 0 Georgia Rose--May 28, 1903 Ghosts- - D e c . 2 , 1 9 0 3 The G i r l a n d t h e J u d g e - - D e c . 9 , 1 9 0 3 The G i r l f r o m C a l c u t t a - - N o v . 2 8 , 1 9 0 0 The G i r l I L e f t B e h i n d Me- - A p r . 1 7 , 1 8 9 5 The G i r l I L o v e - - F e b . 2 , 1 3 8 3 The G i r l i n t h e B a r r a c k s - - N o v . 1 8 , 1 9 0 1 Girofle-Girofla--Oct. The G l o b e T r o t t e r - - S e p . 1 5 - 1 7 , 1 9 0 2 Golden H a i r and t h e Three Bears- - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 5 Grand Duchess- - O c t . 9 , 1 8 8 6 Great M e t r o p o l i s - - J a n . 26-28, 1891 The G r e a t W h i t e D i a m o n d - - F e b . 1 9 , 1 9 0 4 Grimes' C e l l a r Door--Mar. 4 , 1898 A G u i l t y Mother--Aug. 23, 1902 Gypsy J a c k - - N o v. 1 0 , 1 9 0 2 Hamlet- S e p . 2 9 , 1 8 9 7 ; N o v. 2 4 , 1904 Hans, t h e German D e t e c t i v e - - D e c . 5 , 1 8 8 7 Hazel K i r k - A p r . 3 , 1883; Feb. 2 4 , 1885; M a r. 1 5 , 1887 The H e a d W a i t e r s - - M a r . 1 0 , 1 9 0 4 The H e a r t o f C u b a - M a y 2 0 , 1 8 9 8 H e a r t s o f t h e -Siete R i d g e - - A p r . 3 , 1 9 0 0 The H e a r t h s t o n e s - M a r . 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 Held b y t h e Enemv-Mar. 7 , 1892; A u g . 2 3 , 1898 Hermann t h e G r e a t - - N o v . 2 2 , 1 8 9 9 Hooligan's qroubles-Dec. 20, 1904 A H o u s e o f To o M u c h T r o u b l e - - M a y 2 7 , 1 9 0 3 The H i d d e n H a n d - - D e c . 2 5 , 1 8 8 2 ; S e p . 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 His F i r s t Love - A u g . 2 0 , 1 9 0 2 HMS P i n a f o r e - A p r . 2 9 , 1 3 8 7 H o i t y - To i t y - F e b . 1 7 , 1904 The H o l y C i t v - - S e p . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Home L i g h t s - N o v . 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 Hoop o f G o l d - - J a n . 2 , 1 8 9 2 A H o t T i m e I n t h e O l d To w n - M a y 2 6 , 1 8 9 9 How H o p p e r W a s S i 1 c T r a c k e d - - O c t . 7 , 1 8 9 8 A H u g h Joke--j,..:tn. I , 1 8 9 0 H u m b u g - - D e- c . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; M a r . 1 7 , 1 8 8 6 ; S e p . 2 3 , : 9 0 : H u m p t y - D u m p t v - Y a y 3 , 1 8 8 3 ; D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 3 ; M a r . ::28 & 3 0 , 1 8 8 5 ; Jan. 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 ; F e b . 1 5 , 1 9 0 1 ; O c t . 3 1 A N o v, 7 , 1 9 0 1 ; Sep. 1 7 1 1 9 0 4 The H i l n c h b a c i ‘ - . . . i o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 The H u s t l e r - - N o , r . 2 3 , 1 8 9 4 In A t l a n t i c Citi.--Oct. 25, 1897 �254 I n C o n v i c t S t r i p e s - - N o v. 2 4 , 1903 I n Gay P a r i s - - J a n . 1 3 , 1898 In t h e Service o f Mankind--Aug. 1 7 , 1904 In t h e Swim--May 1 , 1888 I n O l d K e n t u c k y - - N o v. 6 , 1 8 9 6 Ingomar--Feb. 2 6 , 1885; May 5, 1885 Innocent S a l t --Mar. 1 , 1890 Inshavogue--Apr. 2 1 , 1 8 8 5 ; A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 8 6 ; S e p . 2 6 , 1 8 9 5 Interviews--Mar. 3 , 1884 Iolanthe--Apr. 2 4 , 1884 The I s l e o f Champagne- - D e c . 2 1 , 1 8 9 7 The I r i s h H e r o - J u n e 1 2 , 1 9 0 2 The I r i s h M i n s t r e l - - S e p . 1 5 , 1 8 8 4 The I r i s h P a w n b r o k e r s - - S e p . 1 1 , 1 9 0 3 The I r i s h S t a t e s m a n - - N o v. 1 5 , 1 8 9 3 Iron Ring--Dec. 12, 1889 Jack Cade- - D e c . 8 , 1 8 8 6 Jane- - M a y 1 5 , 1 8 9 4 The J e r s e y m a n - - S e p . 1 2 , 1 8 8 4 Jim, t h e Penman- - D e c . 1 7 , 1 8 9 0 J.L.S.--Mar. 5 , 1889 The J o h n s t o w n F l o o d - - J a n . 1 9 , 1 9 0 4 Joshua S i m p k i n s - - J u n e 1 8 , 1 8 9 8 Joshua W h i t o m b - - N o v. 1 0 , 1 8 8 4 Julius Caesar--Dec. 4 , 1896 J u s t S t r u c k To w n - - M a r . 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 Karl--Dec. 28, 1883 Keep i t D a r k - - N o v . 9 , 1 8 8 7 The K e r m i s - - S e p . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 Kerry Gow--Jan. 8 , 1885 Kidnapped i n New Yo r k - - J a n . 3 , 1 9 0 3 K i l l a r n e y and t h e Rhine- - N o v. 2 2 , 1895 The K i n d e r g a r t e n - - A p r . 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; D e c . 4 , 1 8 8 5 King Dado--Jan. 4 , 1902 The K i n g o f t h e D e s e r t - N o v . 1 1 , 1 9 0 4 The K i n g o f t h e O p i u m R i n g - - J a n . 2 1 , 1 9 0 2 Kinks- - A p r. 4 , 1885 I T T F f e r ' s Fortunes--Mar. 1 4 , 1889 Kiss i n the Dark--May 20 & 22, 1885 K i t , t h e Arkansaw Traveler--Dec. 1 0 , 1891 16713bs O l T e n n e s s e e - - M a y 2 6 , 1 9 0 3 La B e l l e M a r i e - - J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 0 La B e l l e R u s s e - - A p r . 2 3 , 1 8 8 3 Lady o f L y o n s - - O c t . 4 , 1 8 8 6 the Lankashire Lass--June 25, 1904 L a r r i g a n ' s B a l l - - N o v. 2 0 , 1897 r i r t i c i e 4 7 - - A p r. 3 0 , 1890 The L a s t StreAce--Jan. 2 1 , 1 8 9 8 �255 La T o s c a - - N o v . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 L e g a l l y Dead- - A p r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 The L i a r s - - M a r . 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 The L i b e r t y B e l i e s - - F e b . 3 , 1 9 0 3 Lights O'London--May 20, 1890 The L i m i t e d M a i l - - F e b . 2 , 1 8 9 7 L i t t l e Alabama- M a r . 2 1 , 1904 The L i t t l e D e t e c t i v e - - O c t . 2 0 , 1 8 9 9 L i t t l e Lord Fauntleroy--Apr. 7 , 1890; Dec. 20, 1890 L i t t l e Muffets--Jan. 7 , 1884 L i t t l e N u g g e t t s - - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; J u n e 8 , 1 8 8 7 ; A u g . 1 3 , 1 8 8 7 ; Jan. 8 , 1 8 8 9 ; J a n . 9 , 1 8 9 1 ; May 11 , 1892 L i t t l e P a r d ' s M y s t e r y o f t h e B l a c k C r a i g --May 31, 1904 A L i t t l e Sinner--Aug. 24, 1903 L i t t l e Tycoon- - N o v. 3 0 , 1887 The L i t t l e V a g r a n t s - - J a n . 1 6 , 1 9 0 2 The L o n g S t r i k e - - S e p . 1 8 , 1 8 8 6 Lorley--Sep. 20, 1886; Dec. 20, 1887 Lost i n New Yo r k - J u n e 8 , 1 9 0 4 The L o s t P a r a d i s e - - N o v . 7 , 1 9 0 4 Lover's Lane--Sep. 25, 1902 A:Lucrative L i a r - M a r. 8 , 1900 Lynwood- - O c t . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; M a r . 6 , 1 8 8 9 Macbeth--May 1 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; M a r. 1 3 , 1 8 9 0 McSorley's I n f l a t i o n - - M a r. Madame S a n s G e n e - D e c . 7 , 1 8 9 7 Madame S a t a n - - A u g . 1 8 , 1 9 0 2 Maid o f A r i a n - - S e p . 2 1 - 2 2 , 1 8 8 2 Man a n d M a s t e r - - M a r . 2 , 1 8 9 6 The M a n f r o m B o s t o n - - D e c . 2 2 , 1 8 9 3 A Man o f Mystery - M a r . 2 7 - 2 8 , 1900; May 25, 1903; J u n e 7 , 1904 Marked. f.31. T , i f e - - D e c . 1 6 , 1 8 3 7 Married Lifo--Tjay 18, 1885 Tig7M--0ct. 13, 1885 FETE;Tt--Mar. 2 0 , 1 8 8 3 ; F e b . 2 , 1 8 8 8 ; S e p . 1 2 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 4 , 189 Mascott, Up t o Date--Sep. 20, 1894 Tison s Corner G i a c e r y - O c t . 2 1 , 1903 Mavolyrneen--ar. 9 , - 7 g 9 4 Meg M e r l f T c s - - i ' L b . 1 7 , 1 8 8 8 T h e M e r c h a n t o f Ve n i . c e m - M a r. 2 3 , 1 8 9 6 A Mes.singer-7-177i-77777-; S e c t i o n - - N o v. 1 6 , 1 8 8 2 ; S e p . 1 7 , 1 8 8 3 Michael S t r o i To f f - - c t . 1 2 , 1888; Sep. 8 , 1899 A Midnight C a l l - - O c t . 2 , 1S91 The M i d n i g h t E x 1 e - - J a n . 1 , 1 9 0 4 Midnight i n C h A t w n - - N o v . 15, 1900 The M i g h t y D n f l a r - M a r . M i k a l o - O c t . 2 0 . 1 8 8 3 ; 0..2t. 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; F e b . 1 8 8 3 ' Mive pot, W a i t e - - D c c . 1 , 1 9 0 3 �256 Miss Harum Scarum--Dec. 5 , 1895 Missouri--Aug. 5 , 1904 Misteltoe Bough--Dec. 5 , 1904 Mistic Mountain--Oct. 18, 1899 M ' L i s s - - N o v. 2 8 , 1 8 8 2 A Model Husband- - O c t . 2 4 , 1892; F e b . 8 , 1894 Monbars-Apr. 1 7 , 1889; Dec. 1 2 , 1894 A Montana O u t l a w - - N o v. 4 , 1 9 0 3 Monte C r i s t o - - S e p . 3 , 1 8 8 6 ; O c t . 7 , 1 8 8 7 The M o o n s h i n e r ' s D a u g h t e r - - A u g . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 Moselle- S e p . 2 2 , 1885 Mother's Love- M a y 1, 1890 A Mountain P i n k --Feb. 1 6 , 1884; N o v. 2 2 , 1884; O c t . 1 , 1887 Mr. B o b - J u l y 7 , 1 8 9 7 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 9 8 Mrs. B . O ' S h a u g h n e s s y - - N o v. 2 3 , 1 9 0 0 Much A d o A b o u t N o t h i n g . - - D e c . 3 , 1 8 8 8 Mugg's L a n d i n g --Dec. 1 2 , 1883 My A u n t A b b e y - - S e p . 1 , 1 8 9 4 My A u n t B r i d g e t - - J a n . 2 7 , 1 8 8 8 My C o l l e e n - M a r . 2 8 , 1 8 9 4 MY F r i e n d f r o m I n d i a - - F e b . 1 6 , 1 9 0 0 ; A u g . 2 1 , 1 9 0 2 My H u s b a n d - D e c . 1 3 , 1 8 8 8 My O r i e n t a l F r i e n d - - S e p . 2 9 , 1 9 0 2 My P a r t n e r - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 8 4 ; A u g . 3 0 , 1 3 8 6 ; N o v . 1 6 , 1 8 9 2 My W i f e ' s F r i e n d s - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 5 M y r l e s Arofyn--.1iep. 2 7 , 1 8 8 9 Myrtle Ferns- D e c . 3 1 , 1891 The N a i a d Q u e e n - N a r . 2 8 - 3 1 , 1 8 8 8 Nan t h e G o o d - f o r - a o t n i n g - S e p . 2 8 , 1 8 8 3 The N a n c y H a n k - F e b . i l , 1 8 9 8 Neck a n d N e c k - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 6 Nevada- - F e b . 8 , 1 9 0 1 The N e w D o m i n i o n - - J a n . 1 0 , 1 8 9 5 A New Ye a r ' s R e c e p t i o u - M a y 27, 1896; May 27, 1897 New Y o r k D a y b y D a y - - N o v . 1 9 , 1 8 9 1 Next Door- - F e b . 5 , 1901; Dec. 2 , 1902 A N i g h t a t t h e C i r c u s - - N o v. 1 1 , 1 8 9 1 ; N o v. 1 8 , 1 8 9 2 ; A p r . 25, 1 8 9 9 A Night Before Chris.tmas-Feb. 4 , 1904 Nigh* h a t c h - M a y 3 , 1e38 N i p and T u c k - - O c t . 6 , 1 8 8 5 A Noble Herione--Dec. 28, 1889 A Noble S i s t e r --Sep. 2 , 1895 Nobody's C h i l d - - N o v. 2 , ; 8 8 5 Nobody's Claim - - A p r. 1 4 , 1884 M i : s o u . r , r a 8 e - D e c . 24. 1895 Oh, W b a t a N i c l i t - - , 1 . p r . I t , 1 8 9 4 ; D e c . 2 7 , 1 8 9 4 1q0) Oid Dan 1 u c k t : ! r - - D 8 . 5 , It/02 �257 Old Homespun- - O c t . 3 , 1 8 9 3 Old J e d P r o u t y - - O c t . 3 0 , 1 9 0 2 Ole O l s o n - - D e c . 1 8 , 1 8 9 1 Oliver Twist--Dec. 1 0 , 1888 Olivette--Jan. 31, 1884; Feb. 3 , 1888 On t h e B r i d g e a t M i d n i g h t - - O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 3 On t h e H u d s o n - - D e c . 1 6 , 1 8 8 9 On t h e W a b a s h - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 8 One o f t h e F i n e s t - - A u g . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 3 Only a F a r m e r ' s D a u g h t e r - - N o v. 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 ; J a n . 3 , 1 8 8 7 Ostler Joe--Feb. 1 7 , 1902 O t h e l l o - - N o v. 2 5 , 1 8 9 0 Other P e o p l e ' s Money--Nar. 2 8 , 1 8 9 8 ; A p r . 1 8 , 1 8 9 8 Our B o y s - - S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 Our F l a t s - - J a n . 1 0 , 1 8 9 6 Our I n f a n t - - J a n . 1 5 , 1 8 8 3 Our M o t h e r - - D e c . 2 3 , 1 8 8 2 Our S t r a t e g i s t s - - A u g . 2 7 , 1 8 9 4 Our Summer B o a r d e r s - - J a n . 1 , 1 8 8 4 Out o f B o n d a g e - - F e b . 4 , 1 8 8 7 The O u t c a s t s - - S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 9 4 Outcasts o f a G r e a t C i t y - - N o v. 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 A P a r l o r Match- J a n . 2 6 , 1886 Patent P i g h t - O c t . 5 , 1886 Patience--May 21, 1891 Paul K a u v a r - F e b . 2 3 , 1 8 9 2 The P e a r l o f S a v o y - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 8 4 ; F e b . 2 4 , 1 8 9 0 Peck's Bad Boy--Dec. 3 , 1894 Phenix- J a n . 4 , 1887 Photos- M a y 3 1 , 1 8 8 1 Pique- - D e c . 2 1 . 1 8 8 3 Plays and Players- O c t . 1 7 , 1895 The P o a c h e r ' s D o o m - - M a r . 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 8 9 0 The P o l i c e P a t l - o l - O e t . 2 6 , 1 8 9 3 A Poor Relation--Dec. 4 , 1900 A Possible Case--Feb. 2 0 , 1889; O c t . 2 3 , 1889 The P o w e r B e h i n d t h e T h r o n e - - M a y 1 9 , 1 9 0 2 ; O c t . 1 7 , 1 9 0 2 The P o w e r o f t h e P r e s s - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 4 The P r e t t y P e r i n - - F e b . 3 , 1 8 9 1 The P r e t t y P u r i t a n - - O c t . 2 1 1 8 9 3 Prince o f Egypt- D e c . 1 8 - 1 9 , 1901 Princess Chic- O c t . 2 9 , 1903; Oct. 10, 1904 The P r i n c e s s i n P a t c h e s - - S e p . 2 1 . 1 8 9 6 The P r i n c e s s o f M a d a g a s c a r - F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 The P r i s o n e r o f Z e n d a - N o v . 6 , 1 9 0 2 The P r i v a t e S e c r e t a r y - M a r . 1 6 , 1 8 8 7 ; F e b . 1 0 , 1 8 9 2 The P u m p k i n H u s k e r - - J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 0 4 Pygmallion and Galatea--Sep. 2 7 , 1833; Mar. 4 , 1889 A R t i a l , r . W edinAr-Mar.23, 1 9 0 4 �258 Queen's E v i d e n c e - D e c . 1 6 & 1 9 , 1 8 8 5 Queen's Lace H a n d k e r c h i e f - O c t . 9 , 1886 Q u e e n a - - M a r. 1 4 & 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; M a r . 7 , 1 8 8 9 ; D e c . 1 5 , 1 8 9 0 Quincy Adams S a w y e r - - D e c . 8 , 1 9 0 4 Quo V a d i s - - F e b . 2 0 , 1 9 0 1 ; D e c . 2 3 , 1 9 0 1 Ranch 1 0 - - S e p . 3 , 1 8 8 4 ; N o v . 2 4 , 1 8 8 6 Richard I I I - A p r . 9 , 1883 Richard Carvel--Jan. 2 8 , 1902 R i p Va n W i n k l e - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; S e p . 2 5 , 1 8 8 5 Sep. 4 , 1 8 8 6 ; M a r . 1 6 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a y 4 , 1 9 0 0 ; O c t . 5 , 1 9 0 1 ; Oct. 8 , 1902; Sep. 3 0 , 1903 Risen from t h e Ashes--Dec. 1 7 , 1885 The R i v a l s - - N o v . 2 6 , 1 9 0 0 R o a n o a k e - - N c v. 9 , 1 9 0 4 Robert Emmet- A u g . 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 Robin Hood- F e b . 1 2 , 1 8 9 5 A Rocky Mountain Waif--Oct. 2 1 , 1891 A Romance o f t h e S o u t h - O c t . 2 , 1 9 0 3 ; J u n e 9 , 1 9 0 4 Romany R y e - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 Romeo a n d J u l i e t - - A p r . 6 , 1 8 8 5 Rooms t o R e n t - F e b . 6 , 1 8 8 3 Royal B o x - - A p r. 4 , 1901 A Royal Slave--Aug. 13, 1902; Aug. 19, 1903; Aug. 1 , 1904 Rudolph and A d o l p h - - O c t . 1 8 , 1904 A Run on t h e Bank- O c t . 3 1 , 1900; A p r. 7 , 1904 Sam'l o f Posen- - J a n . 3 0 , 1888 San S a n s o n - - O c t . 3 , 1 8 9 1 S a p h o - - M a r. 1 4 , 1 9 0 0 Scraps:- O c t . 1 7 , 1 8 8 2 ; O c t . 2 7 , 1 8 8 3 ; O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 8 7 Secret D i s p a t c h --Mar. 2 6 , 1904 Secret Warrant- F e b . 2 , 1899 The S e r e n a d e - N o v . 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 7.20.8- M a y 2, 1884 The S h a m T 8 c k - D e 8 . 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 Shamus O ' B r i e n - - J a n . 1 1 , 1 8 8 9 Shadows o f a L i f e - F e b . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 ; M a r . 5 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 2 , 1885; S e p . 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 Shadows o f G r e e t e r N e w Y o r k - A u g . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 Shannon o f t h e S i x t h - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 9 9 Shane-na-laun,Jah. 1 5 , 1886; May 19, 1883 Shanty 14,wn-fiec. Shawn R h : i r e - n a y 8 , 1 8 8 8 Shl...--Sep. 6 , ' , 8 8 9 ; N o v . 9 , 1 8 9 3 W I Te l A . g a r - J u n e 8 . 1 8 8 3 ..7hore A c r e s - F e b . 1 7 , 1 8 9 8 Si Perkins- - J a n . 1 j , 1886; 0 8 t . 5 , 1895; A p r. 1 8 , 1902: Si P l u n k a r d - O L t . 5 , 1 8 9 4 ; O c t . 8 , 1 8 9 6 ; S e p . 3 0 , 1 8 9 8 ; Oct. 2 4 , 1901; A u g . 2 8 , i 9 0 2 ; Sep. 7 , 1 0 - i Siberia--Mar. 1';, 1886 �259 Side Tr a c k e d - - N o v. 2 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a r . 7 , 1 8 9 9 The S i l v e r D a g g e r - - M a r . 2 2 , 1 9 0 4 Silver King--Oct. 1 4 , 1886 Silver Spur--Jan. 1 , 1892 Six Peas i n a Pod--Sep. 3 , 1885 Skipped b y t h e L i g h t o f t h e Moon- F e b . 3 , 1 8 8 6 The S l a v e s o f M o n e y - S e p . 2 , 1 8 9 7 The S l e e p i n g C i c y - - M a r . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 ; M a r . 2 4 , 1 9 0 4 The S m u g g l e r s - - O c t . 1 7 , 1 8 9 9 The S n o w b a l l - - M a y 2 7 , 1 9 0 2 Social Session--Sep. 1 5 , 1891; Oct. 11 , 1892 Solon S h i n g l e - - M a y 7 , 1 8 8 5 South B e f o r e t h e W a r - - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 Sowing t h e W i n d - - O c t . 1 , 1 8 9 5 The S p a n o f L i f e - - O c t . 2 9 , 1 9 0 1 ; M a r . 6 , 1 9 0 3 Sporting L i f e --Mar. 1 4 , 1902; M a r. 3 1 , 1903 A Standard A r t i c l e --Dec. 2 5 , 1902 State's Attorney--July 13, 1883 The S t o w a w a y - N o v . 1 , 1 8 9 9 A S t r a i g h t T i p - - N o v. 1 4 , 1 8 9 6 A S t r a n g e r i n New Yo r k - S e p . 1 2 , 1 9 0 0 The S t r e e t s o f N e w Y o r k - - N o v . 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 The S u b s t i t u t e P a i r o f K i d s - - N o v . 3 , 1 8 9 3 Sully's Corner Grocery--Jan. 23, 1886 A Sure Thing--May 17, 1897 The T a m i n g o f t h e S h r e w - - M a y 2 3 , 1 9 0 4 Te m p e r a n c e T o w n - F e b . 8 , 1 9 0 0 Te n N i g h t s i n a B a r Room- S e p . 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 9 4 ; May 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 ; M a r . 1 2 , 1 9 0 4 ; S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 4 A Te x a s S t e e r - - D e c . 1 4 , 1 8 9 9 Thelma- - D e c . 2 6 , i 9 0 4 Thistledown--Sep. 2 3 , 1 8 9 0 The T h r e e G u a r d s m e n - O c t . 2 2 , 1 8 9 7 The T h r e e M u s k e t e e r s - - N o v . 8 , 1 8 9 9 The T h r e e W i d o w s - M a y 3 0 , 1 8 8 4 Three B l a c k Cloaks- N o v . 1 , 1 3 8 6 T h r i l b y - - N o v. 2 0 . 1 3 9 5 Tim t h e T i n k e r - - F e b . 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 To B e B u r i e d A l i v e - - N o v . 8 , 1 9 0 4 Tom S a w y e r - M a y 2 7 , 1 8 9 5 The To r n a d o - - M a r . 8 , 1 8 9 8 To u r i s t s i n a P u l l m a n C a r - J a n . 9 , 1 8 9 0 Tr a c y t h e B a n d i t - M a y 2 9 , 1 9 0 3 Trial by Jury--Feb. 5 , 1897 A Trip to Chinatewn-Sep. 27, 1900 A Tr i p to the C i t y - J a n . 2 8 , 1398 Tr i x i e - - F e b . 1 5 , i 8 8 8 ; N o v. 2 8 , 1 3 8 9 T h e T r o u b l e o f Mr. T r e m b l e - A u g . 1 9 , 1 9 0 2 Wue as Steel--Sep. 2 7 , 1895; May 22, 1899 A f r u e Born American--Aug. 1 9 , 1904 �260 A Tr u e K e n t u c k i a n - - N o v. 2 3 , 1903 Tw e n t y Thousand P o u n d s - - N o v. 2 0 , 1 8 8 2 Twixt Love and D u t y --Dec. 1 6 , 1890 Tw o D a n s - - A p r . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 Tw o F o o l s M e t - - J u n e 2 3 , 1 9 0 4 The Tw o J o h n s - - M a y 1 1 , 1 8 9 5 The Tw o K i d s - - J u n e 1 1 , 1 9 0 2 Tw o L i t t l e R o g u e s - - J u n e 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 Tw o M a r r i e d M e n - - S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 2 Tw o M e r r y T r a m p s - - A p r . 4 , 1 9 0 4 Two O r p h a n s - - D e c . 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 ; N o v . 2 7 , 1890; J u n e 2 0 , 1 9 0 4 Uncle Uncle Uncle Uncle Uncle Uncle H e z - - N o v. 1 4 , 1901 Hiram- M a y 7, 1890; Mar. 3 0 , 1892 Josh- J u n e 9, 1898; Sep. 26, 1898; Aug. 22, 1900 Reuben- - A p r. 1 6 , 1888; Sep. 1 , 1894 Seth Haskins--Dec. 22, 1899 To m ' s C a b i n - - J a n . 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 ; O c t . 2 2 , 1 8 8 3 ; S e p . 1 , 1 8 8 4 ; Sep. 2 8 , 1 8 8 5 ; J a n . 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; A p r . 1 5 , 1 8 8 7 ; F e b . 9 , 1888; S e p . 2 5 - 2 6 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 0 ; J a n . 1 , 1 8 9 1 ; Feb. 1 1 , 1 8 9 2 ; J u n e 1 4 , 1 8 9 4 ; M a r . 9 , 1 8 9 6 ; A p r . 2 1 , 1898; D e c . 1 5 , 1 9 0 0 ; O c t . 1 0 , 1 9 0 1 ; M a r . 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 ; Sep. 2 , 1 9 0 3 Under Southern S k i e s --Sep. 2 2 , 1904 U n d e r t h e Dome- O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 0 The U n i o n S u v - F e b . 1 0 - 1 2 , 1 8 8 7 ; N o v . 3 - 5 , 1 8 8 7 Upside 1)ew-n--Au. 3 0 , 1894 The Va g a b o n d Q u e e n --!Dec. 6 , 1 9 0 4 V i r g i n i u s - v o v. 2'i-23, 1887 The V o l u n t e e r - S e p . 3 , 1 8 9 7 The W a i f s o f N e v f o r k - O c t . 1 7 , 1 8 9 2 ; A p r . 1 , 1 9 0 2 Wa n g - - J a n . 2 0 , 1 8 9 7 Wanted. a H u s b a n d - I a n . 9 , 1 8 9 2 Wanted, t h e E a r t h - J a n . 1 4 , 1 8 9 1 Was S h e t o B l a m e - N o v . 2 , 1 9 0 4 Wa y D o w n E a s t - N o v . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 ; N o v . 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 We A r e K i n g - J a n . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Wedded b u t N o W i f - - D e c . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 A We s t e r n Kirec,--Fen. 2 7 , 1 8 9 3 What H a p p e n e d to . ' e s - - J a n . 3 , 1 9 0 1 When J o h n n y iThmez,, ! a r c h i n i - - : h o m e - D e e . 2 4 , 1 9 0 3 When K n i g h t h o o d W i n F l o w e r - N o v . 1 6 , 1 1 ) 0 3 When t h e D e l i T o k 1 F - D e c . 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 When W e W e r e T w e n t y - O n e - F e b . 3 , 1 9 0 2 The W h i t e S l a v e - - N e - , - . 1 9 , 0.!8.6 The W i c k l o w P o s t m n - - : ; o - k , . 2 7 , 1 8 9 1 The W i c k l : r y W e d d i e - S e p . 2 8 , 1 8 9 5 Widow f i e d o t t The W i f e - J a n . Y , 1 8 9 6 �261 Woman A g a i n s t W o m a n - - J u n e 6 , 1 9 0 4 The W o r l d - - N o v . 1 1 , 1 8 8 2 ; O c t . 1 6 , 1 8 9 9 The W o r l d A g a i n s t H e r - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 0 The W o r l d ' s M o n a r c h s o f M a g i c - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 Wolves o f New Yo r k - - A u g . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 Wrinkles- - O c t . 3 , 1884 The Ye o m a n o f t h e G u a r d - - M a r . 2 2 , 1 8 8 9 The Yo u n g W i f e - - M a y 3 0 , 1 9 0 3 Yo u n g e r B r o t h e r s - - O c t . 2 6 , 1 9 0 4 Yv o n n e - - S e p . 2 2 , 1 8 8 4 The Yo u n g e r B r o t h e r s - - J u n e 1 1 , 1 9 0 4 �262 Ta b l e # 3 ; I n d e x t o t h e companies A. M . P a l m e r C o . - - M a y 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 A. 0 . M i l l e r C o m b i n a t i o n - - D e c . 2 3 , 2 5 , 1 8 8 2 ; M a y 3 0 , 1 8 8 4 A b b e y ' s U n c l e To m C o m b i n a t i o n - - J a n . 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 Abbie C a r r i n g t o n Grand Opera Co.- - O c t . 7 - 8 , 1 8 9 0 Agnes H e r n d o n C o m b i n a t i o n - - N o v . 2 4 , 1 8 8 2 Agnes W a l l a c e V i l l a C o . - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 0 Aiden Benedict Co.- - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Akerstrom Comedy C o . - - S e p . 2 9 - O c t . 4 , 1 9 0 2 Al. G . F i e l d and Co. United Operatic Minstrels--Mar. 1 1 , 1887; M a r. 7 , 1 8 8 8 ; A u g . 2 4 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 2 1 , 1 8 9 8 A l W. M a r t i n C o . - - O c t . 1 0 , 1 9 0 1 ; S e p . 2 , 1 9 0 3 A l b a Heywood C o n c e r t C o . - - S e p . 1 9 , 1 8 8 8 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 5 Aldrich and Parsloe Combination--Mar. 1 8 , 1884 A l i c e Raym C o n c e r t C o . - - N o v. 2 1 , 1 8 9 5 Alsberg-Morrison Shakespearian Co.- - O c t . 2 2 , 1886 A l v i n J o s l i n Comedy C o . - - A p r . 5 , 1 8 8 5 American P r o d u c t i o n Co.- - A p r . 8 , 1 8 9 9 Amy G o r d o n C a s i n o O p e r a C o . - - O c t . 7 - 9 , 1 8 8 6 Anderson T h e a t r e C o . - - O c t . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 9 9 Andrew R o b s o n C o . - - J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 0 2 Andrews C h o r a l U n i o n - - N o v. 6 , 1 8 9 5 Andrews' C o . - - O c t . 1 2 , 1 8 8 8 ; S e p . 1 1 - 1 2 , 1 8 8 9 ; M a r . 3 1 , 1 8 9 0 ; Feb. 3 - 4 , 1 8 9 1 ; O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 9 3 A n g e l l ' s Comedy C o . - - A u g . 2 7 - S e p . 1 , 1 8 9 4 Ariel Quartet Co.--Mar. 30, 1900 Ariel-Thomas Combination- F e b . 6 , 1891 Arthur Rehan Combination--May 1 0 , 1 8 8 4 Augustus P i t o u C o . - - M a r . 9 , 1 8 9 4 Baird's Minstrels--Feb. 26, 1883; May 10, 1884 Baldwin Comedy C o . - - N o v . 2 7 - 2 8 , 1 8 9 1 Barlow B r o t h e r s M i n s t r e l s - - D e c . 1 7 , 1 8 8 9 ; F e b . 2 9 , 1 8 9 2 ; Aug. 2 0 , 1 8 9 5 Barnabee a n d MacDonald Opera C o . - - F e b . 1 2 , 1 8 9 5 Bella Moore Combination--Sep. 2 6 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 3 Bendix Grand Concert Co.- - N o v. 2 7 , 1 8 9 8 Bennett Co.- - A u g . 1 1 , 1902 Bijou Opera Co.- - O c t . 1 4 - 1 5 , 1887; F e b . 1 6 , 1900 Boston Comic O p e r a C o . - - S e p . 1 9 - 2 0 , 1 8 8 7 ; F e b . 2 - 4 , 1 8 8 8 Boston I d e a l U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - S e p . 1 , 1 8 8 4 The B o s t o n I d e a l s - O c t . 2 1 , 1 8 9 3 Boston L a d i e s Symphony O r c h e s t r a - - F e b . 1 , 1 9 0 0 Boston O p e r a t i c M i n s t r e l s - O c t . 9 , 1 8 8 2 Boston Symphnny--Feb. 1 7 , 1 8 9 0 The B o s t o n i a n s - N o v . 1 0 , 1 9 0 3 Brooks & M a c y - N a y . 1 3 , 1 8 9 5 The B r o t h e r s R o y e r - F e b . 5 , / 9 0 1 Bryan's Comedians- M a y 2 2 - 2 7 , 1 8 9 9 ; S e p . 4 - 9 , 1 8 9 9 �263 Burleigh Combination--Dec. 1 , 1885 Busch-Devere C o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 2 C. B . J e f f e r s o n , K l a w a n d E r l a n g e r C o . - - A u g . 3 1 , 1 8 9 1 Callenders New C o l o r e d M i n s t r e l s - - O c t . 2 8 , 1 8 8 2 ; J u n e 2 , 1 8 8 3 Carner Stock Co.- - S e p . 2 8 -Oct. 3 , 1903 Castle Square Opera Co.--Jan. 4 , 1902 Charles A . Gardner Combination--Dec. 2 8 , 1883 Charles Frohman Co.- - M a r. 7 , 1892; May 15, 1894; N o v. 1 5 , 1894; Jan. 1 0 , 1 8 9 5 ; M a r. 1 5 , 1895; A p r . 1 7 , 1 8 9 5 ; O c t . 1 , 1895; N o v . 2 5 , 1 8 9 5 ; J a n . 1 0 , 1 8 9 6 ; J a n . 3 0 , 1 8 9 6 ; N o v. 8 , 1 8 9 9 Charles H. Ya l e Co.- - A p r. 6 , 1903 Charles Wa t k i n s F i f t h Avenue Combination - - J a n . 2 3 , 1 8 8 4 Chicago Glee C l u b --Dec. 1 1 , 1901 Chicago Marine Band- - O c t . 2 9 , 1 8 9 5 ; N o v. 2 7 , 1897 Chicago Redpath Concert Co.- - D e c . 8 , 1884 Children's Concert Co.--May 16, 1899 C l a r k & Wood S e l e c t P l a y e r s - - M a y 7 - 1 2 , 1 9 0 0 Cleveland's Magnificent Minstrels--Dec. 1 , 1890; Dec. C l i f t o n & H u r l b u t ' s C o n s o l i d a t e d M i n s t r e l s - - N o v. 1 5 . 1 8 9 7 Coldwater Amateur Minstrels- D e c . 2 5 , 1886; Jan. 1 8 , 1887 C o l d w a t e r ' s T h i r t y S a b l e S o n s o f Ham- - D e c . 2 7 , 1 9 0 0 C o l l i e r ' s L i g h t s 0 ' London Co.--Dec. 8 , 1886 Columbian Comedy C o . - - S e p . 2 - 3 , 1 8 9 7 ; S e p . 2 0 - 2 5 , 1 8 9 7 ; Apr. 2 5 - 3 0 , 1 8 9 8 C o n n e l l T w e n t i e t h C e n t u r y Humpty Durnpty Co.- - O c t . 3 1 , 1 9 0 1 ; Nov. 7 , 1 9 0 1 The C o r s i c a n B r o t h e r s - - D e c . 2 8 , 1 8 9 9 Courtenay Morgan Co.--May 16-21, 1898 Couthoui Concert Co.- - J a n . 1 2 , 1894 E. D . S t a i r Comedy C o . - - S e p . 9,-10, 1 8 9 0 ; D e c . 1 2 , 1 8 9 0 ; Oct. 3 1 , 1900 E. H . S o t h e r n C o . - - J a n . 2 7 , 1 8 9 9 E. J . C a r p e n t e r P r o d u c t i o n s - - F e b . 2 0 , 1 9 0 1 E. M . G o t t h o l d C o . - - M a r . 1 2 , 1 8 8 5 E. T . S t e t s o n C o . - - O c t . 1 , 1 8 8 6 Earl Burgess E n g l i s h Stock Co.--Sep. 2 - 7 , 1895 Ed F . D a v i s ' M a m m o t h M i n s t r e l s - - A u g . 3 0 , 1 8 9 7 Edward S o u t h s r ' s C o . - A u g . 2 2 - 2 7 , 1 8 8 7 Edwin Browne D r a m a t t c C a . - - S e p . 1 3 , 1 8 8 6 Egbert Dramatic Co.--Dec. 14-19, 1885 Elvie Burnett Concert Co.--Jan. 30, 1902 Emerson's Bostorr S t a r s --Dec. 1 4 . 1889 Emma A b b o t t G r a n d O p e r a G o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 8 8 5 Empire T h e a t r e Co.- - M a r. 2 2 , 1900 Ensign Company C o . - - F e b . 6 , 1 8 8 3 E r l a n g e r & K l s w C a . - - r e b . 9 , 1 8 9 9 ; M a r . 1 5 , 18,19 E r n e s t Shivm..z..n C o . - - D e c 1 , 1 9 0 3 Eugene R o b i n t ' o n C o . - - F e b . 2 3 , 1 8 9 2 �264 Eunice G o o d r i c h Comedy Co.- - F e b . 2 4 - M a r. 1 , 1 8 9 0 ; D e c . 3 1 , 1891; J a n . 1 - 2 , 9 , 1 8 9 2 E x c e l s i o r E n t e r t a i n e r s - - N o v. 1 1 , 1901 Fadette Ladies Orchestra--Jan. 2 6 , 1901 Fay Te m p l e t o n S t a r O p e r a C o . - - M a r . 2 0 , 1 8 8 3 Field's Minstrels (see A l G. Field) Fisk Jubilee Singers--Jan. 3 , 1893 Florence B r i n d l e y Combination--Apr. 8 , 1887 Florence H a m i l t o n Troupe--Dec. 1 0 - 1 5 , 1888 Fowler & Warmington's Co.--Feb. 3 , 1886 Francis Labadies Combination- N o v. 2 , 1885 Frank Hennesy Co.- - F e b . 3 , 1903 Frank Jones Co.- - J a n . 1 3 , 1886 Frank M a j i l t o n Combination--Oct. 1 3 , 1883 Frank Tu c k e r Comedy Co.- - S e p . 2 4 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 4 Frederick H. W i l s o n Co.--Aug. 17-22, 1904 Frohman C o . - - ( s e e C h a r l e s Frohman C o . ) Garrick Burlesque Co.- - N o v. 2 0 , 1895 George H . Adams C o . - - M a r . 2 8 , 3 0 , 1 8 8 5 George S . C o l l i n e C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 9 0 1 Georgia M i n s t r e l s --May 27-28, 1885 G i l b e r t Comic Opera Co.--Sep. 2 0 , 1894 Gilbert & Dickson Co.--Sep. 6 , 1889 Glasgow S t o c k Co.- - M a y 2 5 - 3 0 , 1 9 0 3 Gordon & B e n n e t t C o . - - A u g . 1 , 1 9 0 4 ; S e p . 9 , 1 9 0 4 Gorton's Minstrels--Apr. 17, 1894 G r i f f i t h & Co.--Feb. H. A . D ' A r c y C o . - - N o v . 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 Hahn P a r k e L a d i e s Q u i n t e t t e - J a n . 2 2 , 1 9 0 2 Hanford Spencer O ' B r i e n Co.--Mar. 2 3 , 1896 Hardy & Houng's Bad Boy Co.--Dec. 1 0 , 1887 H a r r i g a n ' ! To u r i s t s --Dec. 2 8 , 1886 Harrison Combination--Jan. 15, 1883; May 31, 1883 Harry Webber Co.- - O c t . 6 , 1 8 8 5 H a r t w i g -Seeman C o m b i n a t i o n - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 8 2 Harvard Q u a r t e t t e - F e b . 5 , 1889 Haverly's M i n s t r e l s --Mar. 2 8 , 1883; Feb. 2 5 , 1899 Heberlein Grand Concert Co.- - O c t . 14, 1896 Heckman B r o t h e r s C o . - F e b . 2 , 1 9 0 4 Henderson's Comedians- N o v . 1 4 , 1896 Henderson S t o c k Co.- J u n e 6 - 11 , 1904 Hi H e n r y ' s M i n s t r e l s - J u n e 18, 1884; May 16, 1887; A p r . 1 9 , 1900 Higgins Concert Co.--Mar. 28, 1890; Oct. 24, 1894 Higgins & Keane's Dramatic Ideals- M a y 2-3, 1888 Hildebrand's I l l u s t r a t e d Exposition--May 17-18, 1884 H i l l s e a l e C o l l e g e G l e e C l u b - J a n . 2 3 , • 1895 Holden Comedy C o . - - D e c . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 9 ; D e c . 17,-20, 1 8 9 0 ; O c t . i-4, 1891 �265 Hoop o f G o l d C o . - - N o v . 4 - 6 , 1 8 8 6 Howorth's Comedy a n d S p e c i a l t y C o . - - - A p r . 2 8 , 1 8 8 6 ; M a r . 1 8 , 1896 Hoyt's Madison Square Co.- - M a r. 2 8 , 1898; A p r. 1 8 , 1898 Hoyt P r o d u c t i o n s - - F e b . 2 , 1 9 0 0 ; F e b . 8 , 1 9 0 0 ; S e p . 1 2 , 1 9 0 0 ; Sep. 2 7 , 1 9 0 0 ; O c t . 1 9 , 1 9 0 0 ; F e b . 1 1 , 1 9 0 1 Hunt's I m p e r i a l Stock Co.--Aug. 2 4 - 2 9 , 1903 Ida Siddons Burlesque & S p e c i a l t y Co.- - F e b . 1 6 , 1 8 8 6 Ida Van C o r t l a n d C o . - - ( s e e The Ta v e r n i e r s ) Innes Concert Co.- - D e c . 1 1 , 1 9 0 0 J. C . P o d g e t t Co.- - S e p . 1 8 , 1 8 8 6 J. F . Crossen Co.- - M a y 6 , 1 8 8 5 J. M . H i l l ' s Union Square Co.- - F e b . 2 0 , 1 8 8 9 ; O c t . .23, 1 8 8 9 J. W. C a r n e r Combination--Aug. 3 0 -Sep. 4 , 1886; S e p . 6 - 5 , 1 8 8 6 James H . W a l l a c k C o . - - A u g . 2 8 , 1 9 0 0 James P . F l e m i n g C o . - - M a r . 2 1 , 1 8 8 9 Jane Coombs C o m b i n a t i o n - D e c . 2 1 , 1 8 8 3 Jessie Mae H a l l Co.- - S e p . 2 1 - 2 6 , 1 8 9 6 John A . H i m m e l e i n ' s I m p e r i a l S t o c k C o . - - N o v . 7 - 1 2 , 1 9 0 4 John B y r e T r o u p e - - A p r . 3 , 1 8 9 7 John D i l l o n C o . - - O c t . 2 4 , 1 8 9 2 John E . I n c e M u s i c a l Comedy C o . - - S e p . 3 - 4 , 1 8 8 3 John T . J a c k s o n C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 8 9 4 John W. V o g e l ' s B i g M i n s t r e l s - - M a y 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 Jolly Pathfinders--Oct. 10, 1882; Oct. 27, 1883; Sep. Oct. 2 4 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; O c t . 3 - 1 0 , 1 8 9 1 ; Sep. 2 6 - O c t . 1 . 1 8 9 2 Joseph C a l l a h a n C o . - - N o v . 1 5 , 1 8 9 3 Joseph H a r r i s C o . - - F e b . 1 2 , 1 9 0 3 Joseph R . G r i s m e r C o . - - N o v. 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 Joslyn & F i t z p a t r i c k Minstrels- - O c t . 2 7 , 1891 Julia Marlow Co.- - N o v. 1 6 , 1903 Julius Cahn Co.- - N o v. 3 , 1902; Dec. 1 , 1904 Juno B a r r e t t C o . - - N o v . 2 , 1 9 0 4 K a t h a r i n e Ridgeway- C o n c e r t C o . - - F e b . 5 , 1 9 0 4 Kennedy P l a y e r s - - F e ' . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 9 0 3 Kilroy & B r i t t o n --March 29, 1904 Kirk LaShelle Opera Co.- - O c t . 2 9 , 1903 Kline's Lumiere CLnematograph-Jan. 1 4 , 1899 Labadie-Roweli Co.- - S e p . 1 4 , 1899 Lemaire's Cinematoscope Co.- - A p r. 1 2 - 1 4 , 1897 Lester & A l i e n ' s Minstrels- O c t . 2 4 , 1885 L e s t e r & W i l l i a m s C o . - - J a n . 2 6 , 188(3 Lewis M o r r i s o n C o . - - N o v. 2 1 , 1 9 0 1 Liebler & Co.--Sep. 7 , 1900 Lily Clay Gaiety Cc.--Aug. 3 , 1894 L i n c o l n J . C r t r t e r ' z Mammoth S c e n i c P r o l u c t i o n s - M a r . 8 , 1 8 9 5 Lotus G l e e C l u b - F e b . 2 2 , 1 8 9 3 �266 L o v e n b e r g F a m i l y Museum C o . - - S e p . 5 - 7 , 1 8 8 7 Lyceum E n t e r t a i n m e n t C o . - - M a y 1 7 - 1 9 , 1 8 9 8 Lyman H . H o w e C o . - - M a y 1 9 , 1 9 0 4 M. W . H a n l e y C o . - - M a r . 2 5 , 1 8 8 4 McAuley Combination--Sep. 1 7 , 1883 McGibeny F a m i l y - - M a r. 1 2 , 1 8 8 4 ; O c t . 9 , 1 8 8 9 McIntyre & H e a t h ' s Comedians- - J a n . 1 0 , 1 9 0 0 MacLennan's R o y a l Edinburgh Concert Co.- - A p r . 6 , 1891 McNish, Ramza & A r n o ' s M i n s t r e l s - - O c t . 1 3 , 1888 Madison Square T h e a t r e Co.- - O c t . 2 6 , 1382; A p r. 3 , 1 8 3 3 Maid o f A r r a n Combination--Sep. 2 7 - 2 9 , 1 8 8 2 Mann, B u h l e r & C o . - - A u g . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 Maria Decca Concert Co.- - N o v. 6 , 1894 Marks B r o t h e r s N o . 1 C o . - - A p r . 2 8 -May 3 , 1 9 0 2 Marston Co.- - N o v. 11 , 1885 Maud R e v e l l e ' s F e m a l e M i n s t r e l s - - M a r . 2 9 , 1 8 3 6 Maxwell Combination- - N o v. 11 , 1 8 8 2 ; S e p . 2 8 , 1 8 8 5 May L e g g e t t C o n c e r t C o . - - D e c . 1 8 , 1 8 9 4 Maynard's American Dramatic Co.--June 20-25, 1904 Mendelssohn Q u i n t e t t e C l u b --May 13, 1884 M e s t a y e r - Va u g h n C o . - - J a n . 9 , 1 8 9 0 Mexican Troubadours--Aug. 1 7 - 1 8 , 1896 Michigan U n i v e r s i t y Glee & Banjo Club--Feb. 2 , 1893; A p r. 6 , 1894; J a n . 3 , 1 8 9 6 Mike M u r p h y Co.- - N o v. 1 5 , 1 8 9 8 M i t H e l l Lowmann Co.- - S e p . 3 , 1 9 0 4 Monarch M i n s t r e l s - - O c t . 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 Morris & H a l l Co.- F e b . 3 , 1902 Morris-Sullivan Combination- J u n e 8 , 1883 Morrison Co.--Feb. 11 , 1896 Morrison & H a i l ' s Gigantic Consolidated Minstrels- O c t . 5 , 1883 Mortimer & Weaver S t a r Dramatic Co.- - M a r. 1 6 - 1 7 , 1 8 8 5 Murray & Mack Co.--Feb. 2 8 , 1900; J a n . 1 9 , 1901 Myrkle-Harder Stock Co.--Mar. 21-26, 1904 New O r l e a n s M i n s t r e 1 3 - - J a n . 2 4 , 1 8 8 3 New Y o r k M a l e Q u a r t e t t e - A p r . 1 , 1 8 9 7 Norton-Gibbs Co.--Mar. 1 2 , 1900 Nye & B u r b a n k ; K i n g s o f P a t h o s a n d H u m o r - J a n . 25, 1892 O g d e n ' s C o . - - M a r . 1 2 , 19C/4 T h e O r i g i n a l S p a n i s l r. _ S t u d e n t s - - ( s e e S p a n i s h S t u d e n t s ) Ovide M u s i n C o r n e r t C ' . - - D o c . 1 0 , 1 8 9 0 Ottumwa Q u a r t e t t e - M a r . 2 6 , 1 9 0 1 Owen F a w c e t t C o m e d y C o . - - M a y 1 8 - 2 3 , 1 8 8 5 Oxford Musical C l u b - J a n . 9 , 1901 Parker Concert Co.- - M r . 8 , 1901 Paulene Markham Co.--Uer,. 9 , 1 8 8 5 �267 Phil Phillips Co.--Oct. 23-25, 1890 Porter J . White Co.- - O c t . 3 1 , 1898; O c t . 2 , 1899; N o v. 1 0 1900; O c t . 6 , 1 9 0 4 Q u i n c y -Adams- S a w y e r C o . - - O c t . 2 1 , 1 9 0 3 R. A . C a s k i e C o . - - N o v . 1 8 , 1 9 0 1 Redpath Concert C o . - - A p r . 7 , 1 8 9 2 Rentfrow Combination- - ( s e e J o l l y Pathfinders) Rice & F l a h e r t y Co.- - A p r . 2 5 , 1 8 9 9 Rice & Shepard M i n s t r e l s - - J a n . 4 , 1888; J a n . 4 , 1 8 8 9 Rodney S t o c k C o . - - N o v . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 9 0 3 Roland Reed C o . - - M a r . 1 1 , 1 8 8 6 Royal C o u r t Comedy C o . - - A p r . 1 6 - 2 1 , 1 8 8 8 Royal Spanish Troubadors--Mar. 1 , 1 8 8 8 Royal T h e a t r e Co.- - A u g . 1 8 - 2 3 , 1 9 0 2 Rusco & S w i f t ' s U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 9 0 R u s s e l l ' s Comedians- O c t . 1 5 , 1891 Sackett P o r t e r Co.- - M a r. 2 - 7 , 1896 Sager Drama C o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 9 0 3 Saint C e c i l i a Musicale--Jan. 1 9 , 1884 Sam T . J a c k ' s B u r l e s q u e C o . - - F e b . 2 5 , 1 9 0 4 Schrode B r o t h e r s - - J a n . 2 1 , 1 9 0 2 Schumann G r a n d C o n c e r t C o . - - O c t . 1 3 , 1 8 9 8 Schumann L a d y Q u a r t e t t e - O c t . 3 0 , 1 8 9 1 Shannon C o . - - J u n e 1 1 - 1 4 , 1 9 0 2 The S h a n n o n F a m i l y - - A p r . 2 9 , 1 9 0 4 Sisson Combination- - N o v. 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 Sissons & Cawthorne C o . - - A u g . 1 3 , 1 8 8 7 ; J a n . 8 , 1 8 8 9 S m i t h ' s D o u b l e U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - J u n e 1 1 , 1 8 8 3 Sousa B a n d - - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 9 7 ; F e b . 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 The S p a n i s h S t u d e n t s - - J a n . 1 6 , 1 8 8 3 ; F e b . 5 , 1 8 8 4 Sprague C o . - - O c t . 1 1 , 1 8 9 2 Standard S t o c k Co.- - S e p . 1 7 - 2 2 , 1 9 0 0 Stetson Opera Co.- - M a r. 2 2 , 1889 S t e t s o n ' s U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - F e b . 9 , 1 8 8 8 ; F e b . 1 1 , 1 8 9 2 ; M a r. 9 , 1 8 9 6 ; A p r . 2 1 , 1 8 9 8 ; M a r . 1 6 , 1 9 0 3 Stevens O p e r a t i c Comedy C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 8 8 5 Stevens a n d S l o c u m ' s Comedy C o . - - S e p . 2 7 - 2 9 , 1 8 9 3 S u t t o n ' s M o n s t e r D o u b l e U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n C o . - - J a n . 1 , 1 8 9 1 The S w e d i s h L a d y Q u a r t e t t e - F e b . 1 3 , 1 8 8 3 Swedish N a t i o n a l L a d i e s C o n c e r t C o . - - M a r . 1 8 , 1 8 8 9 The T a v e r n i e r s - - M a r . 1 4 - 1 9 , 1 8 8 7 ; M a r . 4 - 9 , 1 8 8 9 Te m p l e Q u a r t e t t e - M a r . 1 9 , 1 8 9 5 Te m p l e T h e a t r e O p e r a t i c C o . - - M a y 1 , 1 8 8 8 T h a t c h e r , P r i m . n . ) s e 3: W e s t M i n s t r e l s - N o v . 2 , 1 8 8 2 Theo B r o m l u y C o . - - N o v . 2 9 , 1 9 0 0 Thompson O p e r a C o . - - O c t . 2 0 . 1 8 8 5 ; N o v . 1 , 1 3 8 6 To n y D e n i e r C o . - M a y 3 , 1 8 8 3 �26 To n y S u l l i v a n C o . - - N o v . 2 3 , 1 9 0 0 T r i x i e Comedy C o . - - F e b . 1 5 , 1 8 8 8 T y l e r Amusement C o . - - D e c . 2 0 , 1 9 0 4 Union Square T h e a t r e Co.- - N o v. 2 9 , 1883 Va l e & M a u r C o . - - D e c . 1 6 , 1 9 0 4 Ve s c e l i u s Opera & C o n c e r t Co.- - J u l y 6 , 1 8 8 5 V i c t o r i a Troupe o f Royal Dancers- - O c t . 1 6 , 1901 Vi n c e n t - S t r e e t o r Co.--Sep. 2 3 - 2 8 , 1895 Vo g e l ' s B i g M i n s t r e l s --May 5 , 1904 W a i t e ' s U n i o n S q u a r e Comedy C o . - - F e b . 2 3 - 2 8 , 1 8 8 5 ; A p r . 2 0 - 2 5 , 1885; S e p . 2 1 - 2 6 , 1 8 8 5 ; S e p . 2 0 - 2 5 , 1 8 8 6 Walter F e s s l e r Co.- - F e b . 1 9 , 1904 Wa r n e r & A o t m a n C o . - - N o v . 4 , 1 9 0 3 Wa t s o n ' s Comedy Co.- - O c t . 3 , 1 8 8 4 We b e r & F i e l d ' s M u s i c H a l l C o . - - F e b . 1 7 , 1 9 0 4 White & Morgan Concert Co.- - J a n . 8 , 1896 W h i t n e y F a m i l y Shows- - J u n e 4 , 1 8 9 0 Whitney & Knowles Co.- - D e c . 2 3 , 1901 Whitney Mockridge Co.- - M a r. 2 9 , 1893 Whitney Opera Co.- - D e c . 2 4 , 1903 Whittaker & Hicks Co.- - A p r. 11 , 1904 Wiggins Co.- - O c t . 1 4 , 1886 W i l b u r & Rose E n t e r t a i n m e n t Co.- - D e c . 3 0 - 3 1 , 1892 Wilbur Opera Co.- - J a n . 3 1 , 1884; A p r . 2 4 , 1884; O c t . 2 3 - 2 5 , 1902 W i l l a r d S p e n c e r ' s Comedy Opera C o . - - D e c 3 , 1 9 0 3 Wood & W a r d C o . - - A p r . 4 , 1 9 0 4 Ye a m a n - M a c y C o . - - A p r . 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 8 8 5 Zeb & Z a r r o w C o . - - J a n . 1 , 1 9 0 4 �269 Ta b l e # 4 : I n c i d e n c e o f Entertainments B.S. Tibbits Ye a r s 1882-1885 Professional drama Lectures Minstrels Concerts Amateur entertainments Dances Variety o r vaudeville Political rallies Poetry reading Wrestling Receptions Animal a c t s Reunions High school commencement Magic Art exhibits Conventions Centennial exercises Marionettes Side show Cinematoscope Fumrals and memorial s e r v i c e s 111 Joseph J o h n T. Henning J a c k s o n Ye a r s Y e a r s o f 1885-1894 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 0 4 To t a l s T o t a l s 2 11 10 8 4 3 1 2 4 3 4 5 8 7 6 7 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 8 7 3 7 6 6 4 8 8 11 5 1 6 1 3 3 5 3 4 2 6 3 3 3 6 11 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 7 1 3 1 1 0 2 2 1 5 2 1 1 6 5 4 2 2 2 1 2 7 2 2 1 1 1 2 7 7 2 To t a l s 171 3 7 3 5 3 1 1 0 7 5 Professional, Drama Other A c t i v i t i e s 1,1 60 2 4 4 1 2 9 3 1 7 5 6 5 7 3 1 3 4 4 . 6 8 . 3 2 �APPENDIX C A F U L L D E S C R I P T I O N O F T I B B I T S OPERA HOUSE �271 A F U L L DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING Coldwater Republican, 19 Sept., 1882 For a l o n g t i m e a serious need has been f e l t i n o u r c i t y f o r a f i r s t - c l a s s p l a c e o f amusement. water i s t h e home o f s o many w e a l t h y c i t i z e n s , n o o n e h a s seemed t o p o s s e s s s u f f i c i e n t c o u r a g e t o e m b a r k i n an u n d e r t a k i n g u n t i l M r . B . S . T i b b i t s , w i t h h i s a c c u s t o m e d energy and "push" which has accomplished so much in o t h e r d i r e c t i o n s , t o o k t h e matter i n hand and p u t i n t o execution the hopes and wishes o f those who, a l t h o u g h acknowledging t h e need, d a r e d n o t v e n t u r e t o undertake s o g r e a t a i t y, a n d t h e r e s u l t i s a b e a u t i f u l b u i l d i n g , a n ornament t o our c i t y o f w h i c h we may j u s t l y be p r o u d , a n d a n h o n o r t o M r. Tibbits t h a t w i l l endure a f t e r the c u r t a i n has f a l l e n on the last a c t i n t h e drama o f h i s l i f e . The S i t e chosen i s t h e p r o p e r t y o n Hanchett S t . , o p p o s i t e t h e immense c i g a r f a c t o r y o f Mr. T i b b i t s , a n e x c e l l e n t s e l e c t i o n , b e i n g situated so near Chicago Street and e a e i l y accessible from three s i d e s o f t h e b u i l d i n g . W o r k was begun on t i o n March 2 3 ; d e d a c t i n g s e v e r a l weeks t i m e l o s t o n account o f bad w e a t h e r, i t w i l l be seen Mr. T i b b i t s has pushed t h e good w o r k r a p i d l y f o i w a r d . The B u i l d i n g i s 1 2 5 f e e t l o n g a n d 5 6 f e e t %-ide, t h e basement o f w h i c h i s b u i l t i n t h e m o s t s o l i d a n d s u b s t a n t i a l : h a r m e r. T h e w a l l under t h e s t a g e i s 11 f e e t , a n d t h a t u n d e r t h e a u d i t o r i u m and v e s t i b u l e 9 f e e t a n d (-; i n c h e s b e l o w t h e s t r e e e l e v e l , ' 2 . 6 inches t h i c k a ; t h e bese and 24 inches a t t h e t e p , w i t h inc course nnder t h e e n t j r e w e l l 16 inenee t h i c k and 3 f e e t wide, l a i d i n t h e c : f 7 N n e n t : a l l t h e s t o n e w a l l b e i n g 1.aid w i t h m o r t a r made o f e n e - h a l f w a t e r l i m e . T h e e i n c e l a r p e e e i . t i o n b e t v e e n t h e v e e t i e e A l e a e d eelditer-;_ere e n e p e t t e l c o l u m u e f e s t i n g u p o n t t c n e e - l e e s 3 f e e . _ C -iT'CO17.!F w i d e , f e e t 6 i n c h e s t h i e - a , e..7keesd w i t h i r o n c l a i m s ! ! , - l f l c h e ! : T h e p i e r A r e s t i t s t c i r i . t . . ? , t . 2 a n 1 0 �272 thick. T h e f l o o r o f the auditorium i s supported p i e r s o f t h e same s o l i d c h a r a c t e r. T h e s t a g e f l o o r i r o n columns s e t i n s o l i d stone p i e r s . T h e b r i c k mencing above t h e s t o n e f o u n d a t i o n a r e 1 6 i n c h e s t h i c k ; t h o s e s u p p o r t i n g t h e dome b e i n g 28 i n c h e s i n t h i c k n e s s . S p e c i a l attention has been paid t o t h e timbering o f the ing, r e n d e r i n g i t one o f the s a f e s t and most s t a b l e s t r u c t u r e s in Southern Michigan. The F r o n t E l e v a t i o n is i n t h e modern s t y l e o f architecture and i s surmounted b y a dome 21 f e e t a t t h e base a n d 2 4 f e e t h i g h c o v e r e d w i t h s l a t e with a f l a t s t a f f 20 f e e t long, mounted w i t h a The t o p o f t h e d o m e i s 7 6 f e e t f r o m t h e p a v e m e n t b e l o w . T h e facing i s o f pressed red brick with cut stone and black brick united i n excellent taste. T h e galvanized iron work o f the cornices, window frames and caps a r e o f new and s i g n s . A t t h e b a s e o f t h e dome i s a n e l e g a n t b r o n z e b u s t o f Shakespeare; a n d i m m e d i a t e l y underneath and i n a c i r c l e o v e r the window i n g o l d l e a f : " T i b b i t s Opera-house, 1 8 8 2 , " b e l o w and u n d e r t h e w i n d o w l e a d i n g f r o m t h e d r e s s c i r c l e i s vanized i r o n balcony 5 by 22 f e e t supported by i r o n brackets and f u r n i s h e d w i t h g l a s s g l o b e l a t e r n s . The I n t e r i o r is approached through above t h e s t r e e t l e v e of t h i s room open the smoking-room, a n d t h e the the grand entrance, about two f e e t l , 13 feet wide and 25 f e e t long. O u t box office, manager's two broad, easy stairways leading to Dress C i r c l e where t h e u t m o s t p a i n s h a v e been t a k e n t o r e n d e r went o f t h e s e a t s s o f i n e t h a t a n u n o b s t r u c t e d v i e w stage c a n be o b t a i n e d f r o m any seat i n i t , 5 0 t h a t no one need h e s i t a t e a b o u t t a k i n g a s e a t t h e r e . The A u d i t o r i u m is entered by spring doors covered with dark t e r r a - c o t t a �273 leather with gold trimmings, and i s 56x57 f e e t . T h e parquet and p a r q u e t c i r c l e a r e i n s h a p e o f a n a m p h i t h e a t e r , a n d t h e elevation between t h e t i e r s o f seats i s s u f f i c i e n t an e x c e l l e n t v i e w o f t h e s t a g e f r o m a n y p a r t o f t h e a u d i t o r i u m . The s p a c e o n e a c h s i d e o f t h e p r o s c e n i u m o p e n i n g i s o c c u p i e d with private boxes. T h e orchestra i s located i n f r o n t o f the s t a g e , a n d l o w e r e d below t h e p a r q u e t , s o t h a t cians w i l l n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e view o f the audience. T h e parquet and parquet c i r c l e , a n d t h e parquet and o r c h e s t r a are separated b y an ornamental r a i l i n g . The S t a g e i s 3 4 f e e t w i d e b y 5 3 f e e t l o n g , a n d i s '6-) f e e t f r o m f l o o r r i g g i n g - l o f t . T h e s c e n e r y a n d s e t p i e c e s a r e c o m p l e t e and beautiful, and consist o f the following pieces: 2 drop curtains 1grand border 1 g r a n d wood b o r d e r 1lambrequin 3 arch sky borders 3 p l a i n sky borders 3 drapery borders e chamber borders 3 foliage borders 3 rustic borders 1 r o c k y pass drop 1water horizon drop 1conservatory drop 1 palace backing drop 1 cut tropical drop 1water landscape drop 1 c u -c t r o p i c a l b a c k i n g d r o p 1 p a i r t_)rmen9r winzs p a i r torme:)tox cc,iumns 4 f a n c y chamher w i a z s 4 o a k chamber wings 4 p l a i n chamber wings 8 palace wings 8 wood wings 8 horizon wines 6 s t r e e t wings 4 6 4 1 k i t c h e n wings snow wings prison winre p a i r renter doer fancy chaNber f l a t s 1 p a i r o a k char:JJAvr f l a to 1 p a i r wood f l a t s 2 s e t doors, f a n c y chamber 2 s e t doors, o a k chamber 2 s e t d o o r s , p l a i n chamber 2 sec doors, kitchen 1 s e t window, f a n c y c h a m b e r 1 s e t window, o a k chamber 1 s e t window, p l a i n chamber 1 s e t window, k i t c h e n 1set fire place. 1set fire place, 1set fire place, 1set fire 1 b a y window, p l a i n c h a m b e r 1 log hut 1 p a n t z house 1b r i . c k house 1pla5ter c e t t a ? 8 rocks 1rustic bridge 1bank 3 logs 1garden set, 9 pieces 2 p a i r foreceounde 1s h i p scene, 1 9 pieces 1 set fountain 1throne piece 1 pair t h r o e 5ter5 2 p a i r bal1ustra6es 1gondola 1 r o w boeT �274 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 p a i r p l a i n chamber f l a t s p a i r palace f l a t s p a i r street f l a t s p a i r kitchen flats p a i r snow landscape f l a t s p a i r two door prison f l a t s p a i r plain prison wall flats p a i r cut wood f l a t s p a i r garden f l a t s p a i r landscape f l a t s p a i r village f l a t s set trees p a i r ashlars pair set waters stone walls barred prison doors 1boat truck 2 fences 24 g r a s s m a t s 2 stage carpets 1 f i r e 1mantel piece 1 p a i r andirons 1 set arbor 2 s e t stumps 1screen 1 fireplace 1 J u l i e t tomb piece 1 p a i r house s t e p s 1stage chandelier 1garden wall, w i t h gate On t h e s t a g e l e v e l a n d a t t h e r e a r i s a h a l l n i n e f e e t wide, o u t o f which opens a greenroom, s t a r and two i n g rooms, a n d a scene-room 21 f e e t h i g h . O n t h e second f l o o r are f o u r l a r g e d r e s s i n g rooms. B e l o w t h e stage i s a room f o r the o r c h e s t r a , a band-room and a l a r g e room f i t t e d u p accommodation o f m i n s t r e l s . A t t h e s i d e s o f t h e s t a g e a r e f l y galleries, and the rigging loft i s supplied and c o m p l i c a t e d m a c h i n e r y w i t h w h i c h t h e s c e n e r y i s s h i f t e d and h a n d l e d . T h e s t a g e i s f u l l y e q u i p p e d w i t h a p a i n t - b r i d s e e and m o v a b l e f r a m e , f i v e s e t s o f g r o o v e s , t r a p every modern convenience f o r producing a l l k i n d s o f s c e n i c effects. S p e a k i n g tubes and b e l l signals are located near the p r o m p t e r ' s s t a n d , and place t h e stage manager i n d i r e c t communication w i t h t h e box o f f i c e , o r c h e s t r a , a n d trap s h i f t e r s , above, below and a t e i t h e r side o f the stage. The g a s - t a b l e a n d e l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g a p p a r a t u s a r e a l s o p l a c e d h e r e , a n d s o a r r a n g e d t h a t o n e man c a n i n s t a n t l y c o n t r o l lights i n any part o f the house. Heating The b u i l d i n g i s w a r m e d b y l o w p r e s s u r e s t e u m h e a t , thus e n s u r i n g a m i l d , p l e a s a n t and equal temperature i n a l l parts o f the house. S a f e t y uas the f i r s t the v e r t i c a l b o i l e r p l a c e d a r t h e basement, i s s o c o n s t r u c t e d that t h e f i r e i s anteeel_y surrounded b y e a t e r, a n d only automatic i n i t s action, b u t can be so adjestad t h a t o n l y one p o u n d o f s t e a m c a n b e r a s e d d u r i n g - a p e r f o r m a n c e . E a c h room i s pravich,ei v i t a l a r a d i a t o r o r c o i l r i f e , p r o p e r l y bronzed and d e c o r a t e d . O v e r 6,000 f e e t O r more t h a n oue m i l e of pipe, has Lava used i n the building. �275 Lighting The g a s f i x t u r e s a r e v e r y n e a t i n d e s i g n in f i n i s h . T h e main chandelier, o r r e f l e c t o r, i s known a s t h e O p a l g l a s s r e f l e c t o r , w h i c h e x p e r i e n c e to b e s u p e r i o r t o a n y o t h e r now i n u s e , p r o d u c i n g a u n i f o r m and p e r f e c t l y d i s t r i b u t e d i l l u m i n a t i o n b e l o w , w h i l e t h e o p a l glass, b e i n g semi- t r a n s p a r e n t , throws a s o f t and subdued l i g h t o n t h e dome a n d c e i l i n g g i v i n g a v e r y p l e a s i n g e f f e c t . The v e s t i b u l e a n d p r o s c e n i u m c h a n d e l i e r s a n d t h e b r a c k e t s a r e of polished brass and f i t t e d w i t h etched globes o f design. T h e l i g h t s throughout t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g trolled from the stage, t h e main pipe being carried t o t h e gas t a b l e w h e r e i t b r a n c h e s o f f t o d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e house, a n d i s s o arranged t h a t t h e gas c a n be c u t o f f f r o m any p a r t o f t h e b u i l d i n g i n an i n s t a n t . T h e r e a r e i n a l l 306 lights distributed as follows: Auditorium 94, stage 174, dressingrooms 16, basement 12, o f f i c e , v e s t i b u l e 10, a l l b e i n g l i g h t e d b y means o f a n e l e c t r i c s p a r k f r o m t h e stage. Ventilation The a u d i t o r i u m a n d s t a g e a r e s u p p l i e d w i t h v e n t i l a t o r s , a n d i n t h e dome, a n d a l s o t h e r o o f o f are l a r g e v e n t i l a t o r s which c a r r y o f f a l l h o t a i r , which a r e c o n t r o l l e d from t h e stage. T h e stage i s s t r u c t e d w i t h p r o p e r d r a u g h t s t h a t a l l smoke a r i s i n the burning, o f polvder o r c o l o r e d f i r e s i s out t h r o u g h t h e v e n t i l a t o r i n t h e r o o f . hot a i r the stage, a l l o f g from Seatin The p a r q u e t a n d p a r q u e t c i r c l e a r e s e a t e d w i t h p a t e n t f o l d i n g c h a i r s , known as t h e grand opera c h a i r, tered i n d a r k c a r d i n a l plush. E a c h c h a i r contains i n t h e back t h e monogram, B . S . T. T h e d r e s s c i r c l e i s a l s o p r o v i d d w i t h f o l d i n g c h a i r s o f the l a t e s t p a t t e r n s , a l l b e i n g bro-vided with f o o t -rests, h a t and umbrella racks. T h e tains 1,000 chairs. Safety The 9'3f-Jilef, i s s i z e d 7 ) o t h f r o n t a n d b a c k w i t h a fire �276 proof preparation. T h e border lights are protected with wire screens and t h e t i p s o f the burners encased i n ters cement. A b o v e the f l y g a l l e r y i s a tank barrels o f water, w i t h s u f f i c i e n t hose attached t o part o f the s t a g e o r dressing rooms, a n d can be operated b y any o f t h e s t a g e hands. T h e e x i t s a r e numerous a n d b e i n g o n a l e v e l w i t h the s t r e e t t h e house can be emptied i n from two to t h r e e m i n u t e s . I n a l l t h e r e a r e seven e x i t s a s f o l l o w s : Large d o u b l e d o o r l e a d i n g f r o m v e s t i b u l e , w i t h l a r g e f o l d i n g doors o f t h e same s i z e o n each s i d e f o r m i n g an a l m o s t e n t i r e open f r o n t i f r e q u i r e d . L a r g e f o l d i n g d o o r s a l s o o p e n f r o m the p a r q u e t c i r c l e t o t h e a l l e y , a n d f r o m t h e s t a g e a r e t h r e e modes o f e x i t . T h e h o u s e i s a l s o c o n n e c t e d b y t e l e p h o n e w i t h the f i r e d e p a r t m e n t t h u s a f f o r d i n g ample s e c u r i t y patrons. The D e c o r a t i o n s a n d U p h o l s t e r i n g throughout t h e house are r i c h and harmonious i n c o l o r i n g and d e s i g n . T h e w a l l s a r e c o l o r e d i n cameo t i n t s r e l i e v e d w i t h dashes o f c o l o r i n c o n v e n t i o n a l f i g u r e s , a n d panels w h i c h produces a warm, s u n n y e f f e c t and g i v e s t h e auditorium a b r i g h t and a i r y appearance which i s ing. T h e a i s l e s and boxes are covered w i t h elegant body brussels carpet, t h e s t a i r s and lobby with heavy matting, while t h e green room, s t a r and o t h e r dressing rooms, a r e handsomely carpeted and f u r n i s h e d w i t h e v e r y convenience -which c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e c o m f o r t o f t h e p r o f e s s i o n . T h e stage i s f u r n i s h e d w i t h two c a r p e t s , one g r e e n and d i n a l , a n d a handsome s e t o f f u r n i t u r e i n b l a c k w a l n u t gilded, and black and gold upholstering. T h e boxes are draped w i t h c u r t a i n s o f cardinal. s i l k p l u s h , w i t h l i n i n g s o f o l d g o l d , a n d a r e t r i m m e d 1:]_th v e r y b r o a d a n t i q u e l a c e o f handsome p a t t e r n . T h e l a m b r e c n i n s a r e t r i m m e d w i t h gimps and r i c h s i l k f r i n g e a n d l o o p e d w i t h h e a v y c o r d s a n d t a s s e l s . The r a i l i n g s o f t h e pacquE'.t. d r e s s c i r c l e a n d b o x e s , holstered i n cardinal plush bordered with a pure ing'. T h e b o x f r o n t s a r e i n cameo t i n t s f i n i s h e d and g o l d i n t h e s t y l e o f t h e R e n a i s s a n c e , a n d o r n a m e n t e d with large beveled plate glass mirrors. T h e sides o f the a u d i t o r i u m a r e i n s o l i c o l o r dawn t o t h e b r i l l i a n t dad() j u s t above t h e wainsect!..ng. T h e f a c i n g o f Uie d r e s s c i r c l e i s i n cameo p i n k , w i t h c o n v e n t i o n a l f i g u r e s i n gold, and green and g o l d . in thE c,:,nter or t h e proscenium arch, i s a p of Shakespeare and e i t h e r a r e panels i n lava bordered w i t h hands s a : : d i n a l r e d . Abolsc t h e p o r t a g a i n s t a b a r u u n c i o f I i g1 s n i r m p ? r s k y , i f ; a g r o b p ortrait shads. r a i t and of chorbs �277 g r a c e f u l l y posed, r e p r e s e n t i n g music and t h e drama. T h e large cove surrounding the auditorium i s mented w i t h v a s e s o f f l o w e r s , b o u q u e t s a n d and f i g u r e s . T h e m o s t n o t i c e a b l e f e a t u r e o f decorations i s t h a t o f t h e dome, w h i c h i s a model o f b e a u t y and a r t i s t i c s k i l l . S u r r o u n d i n g t h e s u n l i g h t pended f r o m t h e c e n t e r a r e c u n n i n g l i t t l e c h e r u b s i n a c i r c l e bearing t r a i l i n g garlands o f flowers. T h e of the background brings out the figures i n strong one m a y a l m o s t i m a g i n e t h e m f l o a t i n g i n s p a c e a n d odor o f t h e i r f r a g r a n t burden. I t i s impossible t o g i v e a description o f the decorations which w i l l convey an adequate idea o f t h e i r b e a u t y. T h e y must be seen i n o r d e r t o preciated. The D r o p C u r t a i n represents a brown c u r t a i n having a reverse o f green thrown over a b a r extending across t h e t o p o f the proscenium arch. From t h i s b a r d e p e n d s a c u r t a i n o f p i n k u p o n w h i c h t h e shadows o f t h e b r o w n c u r t a i n a n d t a s s e l s a r e t h r o w n w i t h realistic e ff e c t ; a broad f l i g h t o f steps leads t o fenced b y a b a l u s t r a d e . I n t h e c e n t e r stands a g r a c e f u l page i n c o u r t d r e s s w i t h h i s e a r t o t h e c u r t a i n a s i f w a i t i n g f o r the s i g n a l t o p a r t i t on each side o f the wings. O n e gives an involuntary s t a r t o f surprise on entering a t t h e sight o f the l i f e - l i k e figure, a n d believes f o r that t h e p l a y has begun, and t h a t the "substance" n o t t h e "shadow" i s b e f o r e h i m . T h e d e s i g n i s o r i g i n a l w i t h M r. Chevelier and a t t r a c t s great admiration, both from the novelty of t h e d e v i c e and t h e admirable manner i n which t h e a r t i s t has e x e c u t e d h i s w o r k . The A c t D r o p At t h e ccmmencement o f t h e o v e r t u r e t h e d r o p c u r t a i n vanishes i n t o t h e f l i e s , a n d t h e a c t d r o p comes This w o r k i s c o n s i d e r e d b y Mr. C h e v e l i e r t h e b e s t e f f o r t o f his l i f e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n , and i s a model o f scenic a r t . T h e d e s i g n shows a mammoth v i e w o f t h e g r a n d c a n a l o f Ve n i c e , handsomely framed and a r t i s t i c a l l y drepeu w j t h heavy e u r t a i n e of g o l d and brown damask, w i t h a reveres o f p i n k , a n d a b o r d e r of greea, g o l d and c a r d i n a l r e d . T h e easting o f drapery i s one o f t h e l l o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a n a r t i s t ' s e t u d i e s . T h e d a m a s k looped a r c u n d t h i s ViPW o f Ve n i c e , a n d c a r e l e s s l y t h r o w n o v e r the b a l u s t r a d e , ( w h i e h i s d u p l i c a t e d f r o m s h e d r o p ) i s h r o u p h t �278 out w i t h an a r t i s t i c s k i l l seldom seen i n a work o f t h i s k i n d . The f e a t u r e s o f t h i s p a r t i c u l a r v i e w a r e b r o u g h t o u t w i t h every a t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l . T h e canal i n the ground i s crowded w i t h g r a c e f u l gondolas, marketmen's b a r g e s and f i s h i n g v e s s e l s . T h e p a i n t e d s a i l s o f t h e crews, c l a d i n t h e i r many- c o l o r e d garments, f u r n i s h b r i l l i a n t color e ff e c t s , which form a varied and pleasing spectacle. The m i d d l e f o r e g r o u n d s h o w s t h e s h o r e b o u n d a r y w i t h turesque p i l l a r s , arches, windows and t u r r e t s o f Venetian a r c h i t e c t u r e ; a glimpse o f t h e palace o f t h e Doge o f Ve n i c e , in which Ruskin says, " e v e r y source o f power and beauty are marvelously united, f o r m i n g a model o f p e r f e c t i o n " ; panile o f St. Mark's, t h e palace o f St. Mark's, w i t h the famed "Bridge o f Sighs" l e a d i n g t o t h e p r i s o n ; t h e shadowed course of cross-canals, a s t h e y pass beneath a g r a c e f u l l y arched bridge t o o t h e r p a r t s o f the l a b y r i n t h o f water ways. T h i s is a p a i n t i n g t h a t w i l l bear the severest c r i t i c i s m and closest inspection. A n ineffably delicate estimate tance i s employed and a c l o s e c a l c u l a t i o n o f r e s u l t volved. C o l d w a t e r i s t o be congratulated i n having secured so g o o d a w o r k o f a r t . M r . C h e v e l i e r h a s p a i n t e d m a n y o t h e r scenes f o r M r. T i b b i t s w h i c h a r e w o r t h y o f much a d m i r a t i o n . "Render Unto Caesar" First o f a l l our thanks are due t o Mr. T i b b i t s , through whose u n t i r i n g e f f o r t s t h e w o r k has b e e n accomplished, which g i v e s t o o u r c i t y t h i s b e a u t i f u l temple o f t h e muses; a b u i l d i n g s o l i d and s t r o n g where f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e water a p l a y can be p r o p e r l y placed upon the stage fortably enjoyed by the audience. I n his desire t o have everything i n keeping, Mr. Ti b b i t s equipped a band struments and uniforms, and furnished them w i t h a band room where f o r a number o f months t h e y have b e e n i n p r a c t i c e a n d t h e i r music receives g r e a t praise o f which i t i s ing. M r . Ti b b i t s has also organized an orchestra, ahich, under t h e generous l e a d e r s h i p o f P r o f . Geo. K l o c k , tained a marked degree o f p r o f i c i e n c y. The f o l l e w i n g g e n t l e m e n c h e e r f u l l y a s s i s t e d b i t s b y donatirq; : h e amount o p p o s i t e t h e i r names: A. B . D i c k e n s o n $ 2 Geo. S t a i r 1 0 D. C . P o w e r s 1 0 Merman & Chandler 1 Bali TIrnA, 1 0 A. C h a n d l e r 1 0 L. F . R(Jso 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Co A d i �279 C. D . R a n d a l l 1 0 0 H. J . Wo o d w a r d 1 0 0 J. W. S h i v e l y 1 0 0 B r i s t o l & Burlingame 1 0 0 Coldwater Gas L i g h t Co. 1 0 0 D. B . D e n n i s 1 0 0 Blodgett & Son 1 0 0 Anthony Henning 1 0 0 A. B r u e h l 1 0 0 H. C . L e w i s 1 0 0 S. S . S a u n d e r s 1 0 0 A. A . D o r a n c e 7 0 L. M . W i n g 5 0 Geo. M a n s e l l 5 0 J. Anderson 5 0 Frank P r a t t 5 0 Fred K o h l 5 0 Henry Fenn 2 5 C. A . S p a u l d i n g 2 5 A. R . B r o w n 2 5 Milnes Bros. & Hilton 2 5 Al. Milnes 2 5 G. W . W a i t e 2 0 A. Va n d e r h o o f 2 0 Donation 2 5 L. D . H a l s t e a d 1 5 Jacob Shenneman 1 0 J. R . D i c k e y 1 0 Geo. G r e e n w o o d 6 . 2 5 Leo Gutman 5 H. F r i e d m a n 5 To t a l $ 2 , 4 4 1 . 2 5 M r. T i b b i t s w a s v e r y f o r t u n a t e i n securin,,5 v i c e s o f s o c o m p e t e n t a s u p e r i n t e n d e n t .as M r . S a x t o n , u n d e r whose s u p e r v i s i o n t h e e n t i r e b u i l d i n g h a s b e e n c o n s t r u c t e d . M r. S a x t o n i s a m a n o f l a r g e e x p e r i e n c e i n b u i l d i n g , a n d t h e public can r e s t assured t h a t the work accomplished under h i s charge h a s been w e l l and t h o r o u g h l y done. ' h i The a r c h i t e c t , M o r t i m e r L . S m i t h , o f D e t r o i t , i s s o w e l l known t h a t comment f r u m u s seems a l m o s t u n n - c e s s a r y. H i F large experisnce i n Europe a s 'well a s i n t h i s c o t I n t f y, h a s w e l l f i t : z e d 1 ; i m '.:or h i s p o s i t i o n , a n d p l a c e s h i m 4-r rank o f archice,:ts. T h e r e s u l t o f h i s l a b o r s , a s exemplfie.:1• in t h e b e a u t i f u l Opera-hnse now f i n i s h e d , speaks s p r a i s e t"n71 a n y words we c a n r m r l o y. or M r. L . B . C h e v e l i e r, t h e f r e s c o and socrj,c ;.1.:.Lit, we c a n n o t s ' i l e e k j a t o : 3 h i g h p r a i l l . D i r i r z i h e p a s t f e u l i .. -- �280 years h e h a s p a i n t e d a number o f c u r t a i n s which have won f o r him t h e r e c o g n i t i o n h e d e s e r v e s . I t i s u n d e r s t o o d t h a t h e w i l l soon p a i n t a new drop c u r t a i n f o r Whitney's Opera-house i n D e t r o i t . H a d we space we would d e s c r i b e s e v e r a l scenes which d e s e r v e a t t e n t i o n , b u t w h i l e o u r r e a d e r s a r e e n j o y i n g the r e s u l t o f h i s l a b o r t h e y w i l l h o l d t h e a r t i s t i n k i n d l y remembrance f o r h i s b e a u t i f u l w o r k . While a l l c r e d i t i s t o b e g i v e n t o t h e o t h e r people employed i n t h i s g r e a t w o r k , s p e c i a l m e n t i o n must b e made o f one o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t a s s i s t a n t s , M r . J . B . H a n n a , s t a g e machinist who h a s h a d f u l l c o n t r o l o f a l l work done b e h i n d the f o o t l i g h t s . M r . Hanna has proven h i m s e l f t o b e t h o r o u g h l y posted i n e v e r y d e t a i l o f s t a g e m a c h i n e r y, a n d t h e a p p a r e n t l y incomprehensible t a n g l e o f ropes, p u l l e y s , e t c . , a r e t o h i m an o p e n b o o k . The c o n t r a c t f o r h e a t i n g a n d g a s f i t t i n g w a s Mansell & Son o f Coldwater, who have performed t h e i r t a s k i n t h e i r u s u a l s a t i s f a c t o r y m a n n e r, a n d h a v e p r o v e n t h e m s e l v e s masters o f t h e i r business. The g a l v a n i z e d i r o n c o n t r a c t w a s l e t t o J . B . M o r t o n & C o . , o f To l e d o , whose w o r k f a r exceeded t h e e x p e c t a t i o n s of M r. T i b b i t s . T h e w o r k was done u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f Fred H o f e r , w h o made a h o s t o f f r i e n d s w h i l e i n t h e c i t y . I t i s s a i d t h a t " a prophet i s n o t without honor save in h i s own c o u n t r y " b u t much c r e d i t must b e g i v e n M r. L . J . Goodell f o r t h e t a s t e d i s p l a y e d i n t h e u p h o l s t e r i n g , i n t h e selection and make-up o f the m a t e r i a l used, and t h e ner i n which t h e work has been done. cago, a t The c h a i r s w e r e f u r n i s h e d b y A . H . A n d r e w s , a c o s t o f $3010. The h o u s e w i l l b e f o r m a l l y o p e n e d t o t h e p u b l i c Thursday e v e n i n g n e x t b y t h e " M a i d o f A r r a n " C o m b i n a t i o n . Coldwater R e p u b l i c a n , Tu e s d a y, September 1 9 , 1 8 8 2 �APPENDIX D T I B H I T S O P E R A H O U S E D E D I C AT I O N AND OTHER P R E S S A C C O U N T S O F S P E C I A L I N T E R E S T �282 Coldwater Republican, 22 Sept. 1882 Theatre Dedication At an e a r l y hour on Thursday evening a large crowd congregated on t h e s t r e e t i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e O p e r a H o u s e t o w i t n e s s the a r r i v a l o f t h o s e who were t o a t t e n d t h e o p e n i n g performance. At e i g h t o ' c l o c k t h e house was w e l l f i l l e d w i t h audience e v e r assembled a t a n entertainment i n Coldwater. The l a d i e s w e r e i n f u l l d r e s s a n d t h e b r i l l i a n t h u e s o f t h e i r dresses, t h e g l i t t e r i n g l i g h t s , t h e handsome c u r t a i n a n d t h e elegant decorations o f the house produced a t o u t ensemble seldom s u r p a s s e d . T h e u s h e r s , c l a d i n t h e i r n e a t u n i f o r m s , performed t h e t a s k a l l o t t e d t o them so w e l l t h a t no c o n f u s i o n occurred and t h e seats were found and occupied remarkably well f o r a f i r s t n i g h t . A b o u t eight o'clock rose a n d d i s c l o s e d t h e c i t i z e n s committee s e a t e d o n t h e s t a g e . M r. H . C . L e w i s , C h a i r m a n o f t h e c o m m i t t e e a d d r e s s e d ence i n t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t r o d u c t o r y r e m a r k s : " L a d i e s a n d Gentlemen--We m e e t i n t h i s b e a u t i f u l O p e r a House t h i s e v e n i n g , greeted b y o u r noble and generous e x -Mayor T i b b i t s , f o r i t s dedication. I t seems eminently s i c f i t t i n g a n d we a s c i t i z e n s o f t h i s b e a u t i f u l c i t y ( w h c a r e t o e n j o y t h i s magnificent e d i f i c e erected to a r t ) should i n a express o u r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f t h i s b u i l d i n g and i t s b u i l d e r. With y o u r p e r m i s s i o n we w i l l l i s t e n t o t h e r e a d i n g o f some resolutions b y E. R. Root." M r. E . R . R o o t and G e n t l e m e n , auspicious and our p r e s e n t i n t then read the following resolution: " L a d i e s c i t i z e n s o f C o l d w a t e r --We m e e t t o n i g h t o n a n happy occasion, a n d one, moreover, t h a t c l a i m s e r e s t and o u r f u t u r e remembrance. E q u a l l y as i n d i v i d u a l s and as c i t i z e n s we have come, o n t h e opening n i g h t o f t h i s b e a u t i f u l temple o f the muses, f e s t o u r c o r d i a l f e e l i n g s t o w a r d s h i m whose provided i t f c r us, and t o secure o u r personal share o f the evening's pleasure. I t h a s seemed f i t t i n g t h a t some one s h o u l d s t e p t h i s t i a l e a n d v o i c e t h e common f e e l i n ; t h a t o n ful completion o f t h i s great work, which i s t o be, i n i t s e l f , an o r n a m e n t t o o u r c i t y , a n i n d e x o f t h e s u c c e s s p r i s e o f one o f e a r foremost husiness men, a n d a f a c t o r i n the p l e a s u r e , t h e e o c i a l a n d i n t e l l e c t u a l c u l t u r e o f t i r e c o m m u n i t y, eome o n e s h o u l d g i v e e x p r e e s i o n t o versal f e e l i n g o f o b l i g a t i o n t o t h e Hon. B . S . T i b b i t s . �IO 283 Permit me, t h e n , t o discharge t h e pleasant d u t y w i t h which I have b e e n e n t r u s t e d , a n d t o o f f e r t h e f o l l o w i n g preamble a n d resolutions: W h e r e a s t h e Hon. B . S . T i b b i t s , a t a v e r y l a r g e o u t l a y o f t i m e , e f f o r t a n d m o n e y, h a s f i n i s h e d a n d the p u b l i c t h i s p a l a t i a l Opera House, t h u s most g e n e r o u s l y, and a t g r e a t p e r s o n a l s a c r i f i c e , s u p p l y i n g a w a n t standing; a n d Whereas, The people a r e c h i e f l y any such e n t e r p r i s e , e s p e c i a l l y i n a c i t y o f p o p u l a t i o n and wealth o f Coldwater: a n d Whereas, F o r t h i s r e a s o n i t i s e m i n e n t l y proper t o make some r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e l i b e r a l i t y l i c s p i r i t o f t h e b u i l d e r o f a c o s t l y and elegant a u d i t o r i u m l i k e t h i s , t h e r e f o r e , Resolved, T h a t we t h e r e s i d e n t s water and v i c i n i t y, who are present on t h i s opening night o f Ti b b i t s ' Grand Opera House, d o hereby express o u r g r e a t pleasure in t h i s c o s t l y and substantial structure i n i t s magnificent appointionments, i n i t s perfect adaptation t o i t s purpose. Resolved t h a t wa c o n g r a t u l a t e t h e Hon. B . S . T i b b i t s o n t h e happy c u l m i n a t i o n o f h i s unwearied e f f o r t s i n b e h a l f selves, o u r f r i e n d s and the community a t l a r g e ; a n d t h a t we hereby extend him o u r sincere thanks f o r his p u b l i c s p i r i t , his unceasing labors, h i s good taste, h i s l a v i s h expenditure o f m o n e y, a n d h i s e x e c u t i v e a b i l i t y d i s p l a y e d i n t h e e a r l y a n d successful completion o f t h i s beautiful That we w i s h f o r him o n l y continued p r o s p e r i t y and many years o f happiness i n h i s e l e g a n t home, a n d t h e c o n t i n u e d esteem and g r a t i t u d e o f t h e p e o p l e whom h e h a s l a i d u n d e r s u c h g r e a t and l a s t i n g o b l i g a t i o n s . At t h e c l o s e o f t h e r e s o l u t i o n s Mr. R . G. Chandler arose from t h e a u d i e n c e a n d p r e s e n t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g amendment: " M r. C h a i r m a n - - T h e r e s o l u t i o n s j u s t r e a d m e e t m y dorsement, a s doubtless t h e y do e v e r y a u d i t c r i n ful temple, and as a special mark o f our appreciation o f the enterprise, eoura7e and push o f our schoolmate, associate and fellow c i t i z e n , B a r o n S. Ti b b i t s , who, t h i s n i g h t , dedicates to C e l d w a t e r t h i s b e a u t i f u l Opera House, t h u s a d d i n g a n o t h e r brill-Lant s t a r i n the already radiant constellation w a t e r ' s b e a u t y a n d a t t r a c t i o n s , I move y o u t h a t t h e v:Jte o n the a d o p t i o n o f t h e r e s o l u t i o n s b e t a k e n b y a r i s i n g v o t e . " M r. R . C . L o e r i d e - ; e made t h e a w i r e s s i n as f o l l o w s : behalf of thz citizens " L a d i e s a n d 1 7 ; e n t l e m e n - - Y o u h a d n o t e x p e c t e d Tr, h e n t h e c u r t i A l . n rose a momlnt agc, t h a t t h e " s t a r s " o f t h e e-ventrig w o u l d hut's!: upon yout , L T U " d e n l y , a n d I t h i n k y o u h a x e n o o u c a s i o n f o r a telescope t o discoveI what a b r i l l i a r t c o n s t e l l a t i o n you have before yoi:„ n o t t h a t 5 - - i r sl.:Csjt t O Y I L I ' t i s i n a g r a r A l a n d g1,:!ri7,u!-.. A r d resplendent with all the triumphs o f CaeaLrical kerfertion, and the beauties �284 o f modern a r t and a r c h i t e c t u r e . I take pleasure i n h e a r t i l y endorsing these resolutions, f o r i t h a s seemed t o u s e m i n e n t l y p r o p e r, a s M r. L e w i s h a s s t a t e d , t h a t some p u b l i c n o t i c e s h o u l d be t a k e n when a n e n t e r p r i s e o f this magnitude i s opened i n o u r midst, and i f I may f l a t t e r m y s e l f t h a t I s p e a k i n b e h a l f o f t h e y o u n g men o f o u r c i t y I would s a y f o r them, I would s a y i t a s I stand here i n t h e presence o f t h i s audience o f t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e p e o p l e o f o u r town, t h a t I am p r o u d o f t h i s n o b l e s t r u c t u r e , I am p r o u d e r y e t o f t h a t c i t i z e n whose l i b e r a l i t y , whose g e n e r o s i t y and whose s t i r r i n g e n t e r p r i s e h a s g i v e n i t t o a s - - B . S . T i b b i t s ; and I k n o w y o u w i l l g o s o f a r a s e v e n t o p a r d o n me i f I s h o u l d say i n t h e words o f A d m i r a l P o r t e r, ' t h a t d i s p i s e d r e l i c o f that s t i l l more d i s p i s e d Pinafore, t h a t i n the midst o f such surroundings my bosom s w e l l s w i t h p r i d e . ' I t i s n o t t h e man o f w e a l t h whose r i c h e s a r e l o c k e d u p i n h i s bonds, h i s mortgages, o r h i s s e c u r i t i e s ; i t i s n o t t h e man who o u n t s h i s g a i n s i n t h e s e c l u s i o n o f h i s o f f i c e counting house t h a t h e l p s o u r b e a u t i f u l c i t y most. I t i s the man who i s w i l l i n g t o l a u n c h h i s c a p i t a l i n t h e h a z a r d o u s building up o f manufactories and public enterprises, and i f our townsman has o u t s t r i p p e d t h e most o f Us i n t h e success of h i s business no one can l o o k upon his prosperity w i t h a jealous eye, f o r he has lavished i t w i t h a generous teous hand f o r t h e good o f t h e growth o f t h e c i t y . He h a s e s t a b l i s h e d a m a n u f a c t u r e h e r e t h a t s e n d s o u t chandise a s f a r w e s t a s t h e t e r r i t o r i e s and e a s t - - t o t h e New England s t a t e s , a n d t h e r e s o u r c e s f r o m these goods come b a c k and i s p a i d o u t b y t h e t h o u s a n d s t o o u r l a b o r i n g p e o p l e , a n d eventually goes i n t o t h e pockets o f o u r merehants and o u r business men, a n d now i n t h e f u l l f l u s h o f h i s success erected t h i s Opera House, a magnificent ornament t o and a s p l e n d i d monument t o h i s g e n e r o u s name. N o w h e r e i n i t s e r e c t i o n , f r o m i t s p i t t o i t s dome, h a s h i s hand been s t a y e d or h i s money s t i n t e d u n t i l t o n i g h t h e presents i t t o u s broad and s u b s t a n t i a l i n i t s b o i l d i n g , p e r f e c t i n i t s e q u i p m e n t , and a monument t h a t i s a n h o n o r t o h i s e n t e r p r i s e a n d h i s name." Dr. D . C . P o w e r, t h e n s t a t e d t h a t t h i s b e i n g h i s pearance o n a n y s t a g e " and making h i s debut s o l a t e i n l i f e , we c o u l d " s c a r e e x p e c t o n e o f h i s a g e " t o a c c o m p l i s h m u c h ; nevertheless h e appeared t o advantage i n f e l i c i t a t i n g Mr. Ti h b i t s and t h e audience o n t h e success o f t h e Opera Houee. M r. L o u i s Daum b e i n g r a i l e d u p o n c o m p l i m e n t e d M r . T i b b i t s h i g h l y on h i s k i n d l y ,;ar2 f o r t h e comforts o f t h e p r o f e s s i o n i n t h e Appointments o f the stage and deessing rooms. �285 M r. J . P . S h i p m a n c l o s e d t h e c o n g r a t u l a t o r y r e m a r k s i n a n e a t l i t t l e speech, i n which he referred t o the chairman o f the committee i n e u l o g i s t i c terms a s one who has done s o much f o r the i n s t r u c t i o n and e l e v a t i o n o f t h e community i n t i o n o f h i s magnificent A r t G a l l e r y. M r . Shipman s e l f a n a d m i r e r and s t u d e n t o f Shakespeare b y many tions from the "immortal bard." A t the close o f his remarks M r. T i b b i t s w a s l o u d l y c a l l e d f o r , a n d c o m i n g f o r w a r d a m i d tumultuous applause responded t o t h e good wishes o f h i s f r i e n d s i n the f o l l o w i n g words: "Ladies and Gentlemen- - I respond t o y o u r c a l l t h i s evening w i t h q u i t e a degree o f d e l i c a c y, a s i t i s v e r y embarrassing f o r me t o a d d r e s s a n a u d i e n c e composed o f m y p a r t i c u l a r f r i e n d s on a s u b j e c t t h a t i s s e e m i n g t o b e m y o w n b u s i n e s s . T h r o u g h two m o t i v e s I w a s s t i m u l a t e d t o make t h i s i n v e s t m e n t . T h e f i r s t w a s t o e r e c t a monument t o m y memory t h a t woman a n d c h i l d i n C o l d w a t e r w o u l d a p p r e c i a t e . S e c o n d , I would show t h e unhappy d i s s a t i s f i e d p o r t i o n o f i t y t h a t I was n o t s e l f i s h , b u t ready and w i l l i n g t o t h i n g i n my power t o b e a u t i f y and ornament o u r c i t y . T h e old time worn saying that Coldwater i s behind the times, and has n o r e s p e c t a b l e p l a c e o f amusement, t o n i g h t p a s s e s i n t o o b l i v i o n , a n d w i t h more p l e a s u r e t h a n I am a b l e t o e x p r e s s I present f o r your inspection t h i s evening a theatre unequaled i n a n y c i t y t h e s i z e o f Coldwater. T h e m a j o r i t y o f y o u have watched i t s c o n s t r u c t i o n w i t h as much z e a l as m y s e l f and w i l l b e a r me o u t i n t h e a s s e r t i o n t h a t i t i s b u i l t s a f e s t a n t i a l . T h e a r c h i t e c t s , M e s s r s M o r t i m e r L . S m i t h a n d W. E . Brown, t h e a r c h i t e c t a n d s u p e r i n t e n d e n t , M r . E . B . S a x t o n , the a r t i s t , M r. L . B . C h e v e l i e r, a n d t h e stage m a c h i n i s t , J . B. H a n n a h a v e e a c h p r o v e d t h e m s e l v e s g e n t l e m e n w o r t h y t h e i r respective t i t l e , a n d i n the presence of this audience I wish to p u b l i c l y t h a n k them f o r t h e a r t and s k i l l t h e y played, t o t h e g e n t l e m e n who have c o n t r i b u t e d t o w a r d s t h i s e n t e r p r i s e , t o y o u g e n t l e m e n who have s o k i n d l y i n t e r e s t e d yourselves o n my b e h a l f , a n d t o y o u f o r t h e complimentary benefit. I a l s o extend my thanks, a s s u r i n g you a t time t h a t I s h a l l make a n e a r n e s t e f f o r t t o p l a c e u p o n t h i s stage a c l a s s o f e n t e r t a i n m e n t s t h a t s h a l l be w o r t h y o f y o u r esteem a n d p a t r o n a g e . The o v e r t u r e b y t h e o r c h e s t r a w a s w e l l r e n d e r e d a n d t h e i r music t h r o u g h o u t t h e e v e n i n g was r e c e i v e d w i t h t h e u t m o s t appreciation and h e a r t y applause. T h e f i r s t a c t o f draggeel somewhat b u t i m p r o v e d m a t e r i a l l y a s t h e p l a y p r o g r e s s e d The s o n g a n d d a n c e m i g h t h a v e b e e n o m i t t e d w i t h a c i v a n t a g e . While M r. G a l l a g h e r i s e x c e l l e n t i n h i s l i n e , t h e a c t seems somewhat o u t o f p l a c e . M i s s H e l l o c k p o s s e e e e s a c l e a r , e w a e t v o i c e . H e r s o n g s a r e e x c e l l e n t l y r e n d e r e d enci r c e i v e d h e r t y encores. M r . Daum i s a l s o a f i n e s i n g e r ant' p e r f o r m e d �286 c r e d i t a b l y. M r . A i k e n and Miss Rogers have appeared i n t h i s c i t y before and a r e f a v o r i t e s h e r e . N e had hoped t o s e e them i n r o l e s m o r e f i t t i n g t o t h e i r t a l e n t s . has a f i n e v o i c e a n d r e n d e r e d h i s p a r t i n a n a t u r a l m a n n e r. M r . B a u m m a d e a h a p p y h i t w h e n h e c o n c e i v e d t h e p a r t of Mrs. H a r r i e t Holcomb, w h i c h p a r t was w e l l f i l l e d Gray who k e p t t h e a u d i e n c e i n g o o d h u m o r. T h e denouement i s altogether too tame ard should be r e - w r i t t e n . T h e tings are very f i n e throughout the piece, noticeably the r u i n s o f t h e c a s t l e o f A r r a n and t h e s h i p scene. T h e f l o r a l t r i b u t e s presented t o Mr. T i b b i t s and were v e r y b e a u t i f u l . M r . R y a n r e n d e r e d t h e p a r t o f Con O ' M a r a i n a q u i e t a n d e f f e c t i v e m a n n e r. The p l a y w i l l b e r e p e a t e d t h i s e v e n i n g w i t h p o p u l a r p r i c e s o f admission. Roland Reed i n Cheek w i l l b e t h e n e x t a t t r a c t i o n a t t h i s beautiful temple devoted to histrionic a r t . Coldwater Republican, 2 6 Sept. 1882 Coldwater has f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e a s u i t a b l e p l a c e the drama c a n b e p r o p e r l y and s a t i s f a c t o r i l y p r e s e n t e d . T h e edifice, b o t h i n and out, i s elegant and a l l the are such a s t o w a r r a n t t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f t h e b e s t p l a y s b y the b e s t a r t i s t s . N o a c t o r w i l l h e s i t a t e t o a p p e a r b e f o r e the C o l d w a t e r p u b l i c because o f a l a c k o f stage e f f e c t o r because o f i m p r o p e r a c o u s t i c p r o p e r t i e s . T h e a u d i t o r i u m i s admirably a r r a n g e d a n d e v e r y a t t e m p t h a s been made t o make the b u i l d i n g c o m p l e t e . W e s..y t h a t t h e appointments a r e s u c h that f i r s t - c l a s s n i a y s can be p u t upon the boards c l a s s a c t o r s w i l l b e N i l l i n g t o assume t h e r o l e s . I t i s s o admirable i n a l l i t s arrangements t h a t seconA ana t h i r d r a t e companies w i l l b e o n l y t o o w i l l i n g t o a v a i l t h e m s e l v e s o f such a d v a n t a g e s . T h i s w i l l p u t u p o n t h e manager b i l i t y t h a t we t r u s t he may exercise w i t h good s i u d g y n t and t a c t . H e w i l l b e cajlc-:d upou t o a s s e r t h i s c o n t r o l a t t i m e when i t w i l l b e d i f f i c u l t t o d o s o . I f t h e p u b l i c ways b e a s s u r e d t h a t e v e r y t h i n g t h a t g o e s u p o n t h e s t a g c w i l l be t h e b e s t o f i t s c l a s s o r e v e n a c l o s e to, i t would g i v e a r e p u t a t i o n t o the house and i n s t i l l a public confidence t h a t cannot be e a s i l y shaken. opposite c o u r s e b e puaaued ( a n d we s h a l l hope i t m a y n o t ) t h e r e s u l t w i l l b.a d a m a g t o t h e m a n a e m , - - n i t e l d e r e l o n g d e s t r o y t h e h o p e s o f h s e .,*-(7 w i s h o n l y ' , J e l l o f t h e e n t e r p r i s e . Thobe w h o h a v e g i v e n t h e i r l i f e t o t h e d r a m a r e a l i z e t h a t t i e r i t i n t h e p r o f e s s o n i s o n l y a t t a i n e d b y t o n g and. c. �287 tinuous study and p r a c t i c e . S u c h playwriters a s Goethe and Lessing established schools o f a c t i n g and labored w i t h g r e a t assiduity to p e r f e c t actors i n pronunciation and a l l ternal desiderata necessary to a f i n e presence and ners upon t h e s t a g e . T h e b e s t actors o f our time c e e d i n g l y a m b i t i o u s . W h e n t h e y come b e f o r e t h e f o o t l i g h t s they are influenced w i t h a desire t o t r u l y merit and g o o d w i l l o f t h e i r a u d i t o r s . T h e y s t u d y t o p r e s e n t t h e characters t h e y represent i n such a l i g h t t h a t these s h a l l be recognized a s t r u t h f u l . T h o s e who a r e t r u l y d e v o t e d t o t h e h i s t r i o n i c a r t a i m through t h e i r speech, t h e i r manner and form t o d e p i c t i n r e a l l i f e t h e scenes a n d c h a r a c t e r s w h i c h the drama may p o r t r a y. W e c r e d i t t h e r e a l a c t o r w i t h t h i s studious d e s i r e t o be f a i t h f u l . W e r e t h i s always k e p t i n view i n a l l p l a y s , a n d were a l l plays arranged w i t h dious r e g a r d t o p r e s e n t l i f e i n i t s strongest aspects and not make t h e f o i b l e s and f o l l i e s o f l i f e t h e more a t t r a c t i v e , t h e r e c o u l d b e l i t t l e t o condemn o n t h e s t a g e . I n d e e d , a s i t i s w e b e l i e v e t h e r e i s much t o b e l e a r n e d a n d much good t o b e derived from a s k i l l f u l presentation o f a good drama. T h e pleasure d e r i v e d from hearing such actors a s F o r r e s t , Booth, McCullough, J e f f e r s o n , F l o r e n c e and Barney Wi l l i a m s and s u c h a c t r e s s e s a s C h a r l o t t e Cushman, C h a r l o t t e Thompson chek i s t r u l y d e l i g h t f u l a n d e l e v a t i n g t o b o t h m i n d a n d h e a r t , provided t h e h e a r e r on h i s p a r t gives t o mind and h e a r t t h e exercise which e v e r y good a c t o r would w i s h t o awaken. T o hear Forrest a s Macbeth o r Richlieu, cpoth as Hamlet o r R i c h a r d I I I , o r Cushman a s Queen C a t h e r i n e i s . i n d e e d , a r i c h l i t e r a r y repast t h a t one w i l l r e c a l l i n a f t e r years as an i n s p i r a t i o n . T o make t h e t h e a t e r p r o f i t a b l e t h e r e t h i s r e a l studi,..,us i n t e r e s t o n t h e p a r t o f t h e l i s t e n e r . T o o many g o f o r t h a m a r e s e n s u a l g r a t i f i c a t i o n w h i c h i t do s o , i s w h y p l a y a c t o r s h a v e b e e n f o r c e d t o g i v e u p t h e l e g i t i m a t e and h e a l t h f u l drama and p u t upon t h e s t a g e more attractions j L t h e eye o r the passions. I n s t e a d o f the strong and v i g o r o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f c h a r a c t e r w h i c h B o o t h r e t t and others d e l i g h t t o present, we are t r e a t e d t o mere spectacular dramas l i k e B l a c k Crook i n which e v e r y attempt i s made t o p l e a s e t h e e y e a n d e x c i t e t h e b a s e r deed, t h i s c l a s s o f p l a y s h a s become a l t o g e t h e r t o o common. There a r e l i g h t c r s o c i e t y p l a y s which a r e n o t b a d b u t g o o d i s h . They a r e p u t f o r w a r d a s s t a g e d e s c r i p t i o n s o f p r e s e n t A m e r i c a n l i f e a n d a t t r a c t crowds a t D a l y ' s F i f t h Avenue T h e a t e r. B u t the l i f e p r e s e n t e d i s morbid, s i l l y , s e n t i m e n t a l , f r i v o l o u s and s o m e t i m 3 s m r e t r i c i o u s . T h e r e i s s u c h l i f e i n A m e r i c a but i t i s n o t h e a l t h f u l , i t i s i n s i p i d . I t aboands j e c t i v e s and sonietimes e x p l e t i v e s ; b u t does n o t awaken a healthful thought. raven good p l a y s and s k i l l f u l a c t o r s , however, t h e r e may even t h e n b e a f e i j u r e t o respond o n t h e p a r t o f t h e h e a r e r . �288 I t i s because hearers go j u s t t o laugh, o r j u s t t o please the sense, t h a t t h e drama o f t o d a y has a d e n c y. T o h e a r H a m l e t e n j o y a b l y r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e l i s t e n e r shall follow Booth c r i t i c a l l y through every point i n his delineation. T o hear him p r o f i t a b l y requires a study play and o f t h e t i m e i n which i t was w r i t t e n . S o t o o l i e u . L i k e w i s e s h o u l d we s t u d y t h e modern p l a y. N o t e how f a r i t corresponds t o a c t u a l l i f e . S t u d y not m e r e l y how t h e p l o t i s wrought o u t , o r what t h e denouement i s , b u t how f a i t h f u l t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i s , a n d t h e n b y means o f c o m p a r i s o n discern, i f possible, whether the kind o f l i f e depicted i s such a s makes t h e b e s t s o c i e t y and b u i l d s u p human l i f e . I f n o t , t h e t i m e w i l l come when a b e t t e r l i f e w i l l b e d e p i c t e d i n dramas t h a t a r e l o f t i e r i n t o n e a n d more e l e v a t i n g i n t h e i r t e n d e n c y. Goldwater Republican, 1 7 Oct. 1882 D a r l i n g L i t t l e B a b y --Who c a n h e l p l o v i n g t h e s w e e t l i t t l e creatures? N o w i f t h e r e i s one p l a c e more t h a n another where one f o r m s a n a t t a c h m e n t f o r t h e l i t t l e b u n d l e s o f s w e e t n e s s i t i s a n entertainment, when, dressed i n your best, seated by t h e s i d e o f y o u r l a d y , y o u a w a i t a n x i o u s l y f o r t h e c u r t a i n to r i s e . S o m e c e l e b r a t e d s t a r i s t o a p p e a r, o r y o u a r e t o l i s t e n t o t h e s o u l - i n s p i r i n g m u s i c o f some p r i m a d o n n a y o u have s o l o n g been a n x i o u s t o h e a r ; b u t j u s t b e f o r e t h e moment a r r i v e s a k i n d an i n d u l g e n t f a t h e r , w i t h one o f these l i t t l e b u n d l e s i n h i s arm7F,, a n d h i s w i f e b y h i s s i d e , e n t e r a n d s e a t themselves d i r e c t l y i n f r o n t o f you. A b o u t are consumed i n t a k i n g o f f t h e d e a r l i t t l e c r e a t u r e ' s c l o a k , cap, e c . , chuc-;:ing !lila u n d e r t h e c h i n , t a l k i n g baby t a l k , and t h e n looki!A,p; a r e u n d t o s e e i f t h c s e r t t h i r v i u i a i t y do n o t b y t h e i r a c t i o n s s e e m t o s a y . " L o o k a t t h b l e s s i n g . A i n ' t he nice?" T h y are s a t i s f i e d , f o / a l l eyes i n t h e i r d i : : . e c i o n ; h e s t o s e d u p o n c e o r t w i c e ; matruno gives him a cookie; a n d hy t n i s time t h e c u r t a i n boa been up about t w e n t y m i n u t e : b u t what c a r e y o u f o r the g r e s s i n g CE t h e :4,0.jc. h e c h i l d claimE, y o u r a t t e n t i o n ; s e e h o w c t n n i n i . - ; , h c 11:As c l i m t r e q u p o u . t i s f : : t h e r ' s s h o u l d e r and i s c r u m b l i n g t h e c o o k i e g o o d n a t u r e d i l y s i c o v e r y o u r l a d y ' s a e w s i l k d r e s s , Y o u p u t o u t y o u r g 1 eyed. h a n d t o s t a y the d e l ! g . h t f u l c r e a t u r e i n h i s i n n o c e n t amnsemont i t seizes i t . a n d f7:cm i t s l i . t t l e t h r o a t p e a l s f o r t h t h a t b a b y l a c g b e r w h i c h c o : e r y o n e i n t h e h o u s e i s moved b y . O f totAI:7e i t t a k e s p l a c e .tu!-t a s t h e l a d y s t a r i s worklaf7 up ing Of her a u j e n o - with the heart-Icnding s c e n c of her " 7 I v c n i l d d f , a l , d e a d . " b u t i t ' s n o 4S:3; U a b i ) b c a r c e l y t t i o v e , a o l d , i s :Ale a t t r a c t i o n , a l v i t h e s t a r f o i l s to p 1 e s t , . O f c o u r s e f,he wonder!: a t i t . . n • a p p l U s e a t t h e A i l �289 end o f t h e a c t , n o b o u q u e t s ; b u t n e v e r m i n d , s h e w i l l c o n q u e r next a c t . U p goes t h e c u r t a i n and so does t h e c h i l d ; h e has just learned t o walk, and the indulgent parents place him on h i s " t o o t i e s " i n t h e a i s l e , a n d u p and down he r u n s , p l a c i n g h i s p r e t t y l i t t l e h a n d s ( s o i l e d somewhat w i t h t h e c o o k i e ) o n t h i s one a n d t h a t , a n d o c c a s i o n a l l y stopping t o d r o o l down a b r e a d t h o r s o o f some o n e ' s b e s t d r e s s . O f c o u r s e c a s i o n a l l y f a l l s down and c r i e s a s i f h i s l i t t l e h e a r t would break, b u t papa runs and picks him up and the fond parents shake a b u n c h o f k e y s , t a l k t o h i m a n d h e i s s o o n round a g a i n . E v e r y one i s g l a d h e i s n o t h u r t . W h o c a r e s anything about t h e p l a y, n o t a soul i n the house. W h a t ' s t h e m a t t e r now, l o o k a t t h e d a r l i n g l i t t l e t h i n g a i n ' t h e c u n n i n g . He h a s c r a w l e d i n t o h i s m o t h e r ' s l a p a n d r e a c h i n g o v e r s n a t c h e d a t w e l v e d o l l a r plume o f f from t h e l a d y ' s h a t occupying t h e next s e a t . O f course h e r h a t i s o f f , t h e plume destroyed, h e r h a i r down, b u t what o f i t , i t s t h e b a b y and i t s s o cunning. But a t l a s t t h e s t a r becomes j e a l o u s a n d r e q u e s t s t h a t t h i s opposition be removed, s t a t i n g t o t h e manager t h a t h a v i n g been engaged a s t h e a t t r a c t i o n f o r t h e e v e n i n g , s h e d e s i r e s to f u l f i l l t h e c o n t r a c t , c o n s e q u e n t l y t h e w i t h h a t r e d i n h i s bosom t o w a r d t h e a c t r e s s , b u t bound b y h i s contract i s f o r c e d t o i n f o r m t h e parents, whose s o u l i s wrapped up i n t h e i r o f f s p r i n g , t h a t h e s h a l l b e o b l i g e d t o g i v e t h e m a l a t e r d a t e , a n d t h e t w o , u p o n whom t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e audience h a s b e e n c e n t e r e d , t a k e t h e i r d a r l i n g and make t h e i r exit followed b y the anxious gaze o f a l l , and not u n t i l t h e doors h a v e c l o s e d a f t e r t h e m i s t h e a r t i s t a b l e t o command t h e i r a t t e n t i o n s . C r u e l , c r u e l managers. MORAL— L e t t h o s e d e s i r i n g o p e n - d a t e s f o r c h i l d r e n i n a r m s address B . S . T i b b i t s and save b e i n g i n t e r f e r e d w i t h by s t a r s . �I APPENDIX E I LLUSTRATI A ��������BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Newspapers Branch County J o u r n a l . Coldwater Reporter. N o v. S e p t . The C o l d w a t e r R e p u b l i c a n . 11 , 1851- - N o v. 1 , 1 8 5 3 . 1 , 1901--Jan. 21, 1905. M a y 2, 1868--March 23, 1897. The C o l d w a t e r S e n t i n e l . A p r i l 1 5 , 1 8 4 1 - - M a y 2 6 , 1 8 5 4 a n d April 27, 18- - J a n . 1 , 1870. Coldwater Union Sentinel. A p r i l 22, 1864- - A p r i l 13, 1865. The C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r , M i c h i g a n . N o v . 4 , 1 8 8 2 - - A u g u 5 t 1 3 , 1892 a n d A p r i l 3 0 , 1 9 0 6 - - J u n e 2 1 , 1 9 1 2 . The C o u r i e r a n d R e p u b l i c a n . M a r c h 2 6 , 1 8 9 7 - - A p r i l 2 7 , 1 9 0 6 . The N e w Y o r k D r a m a t i c M i r r o r . J a n . 7 , 1882--Dec. 31, 1904. The R e p u b l i c a n . A u g u s t 2 3 , 1 8 6 6 - - A p r i l 2 3 , 1 8 6 8 . The W e e k l y C o u r i e r - - C o l d w a t e r . J u n e 22, 1895--March 19, 1697. Printed Records Atlas o f Branch County M i c h i a n . 1872 Philadelphia: C . 0. Titus, Coldwater C i t y D i r e c t o r y, 1882-1902. Collections and Researches Michigan Picreor a d S o c i e r, v, Vo l ! " . . 1 - 4 0 . L a n s i n g : R o h e r t S m i t h an,:l C o . , 1876-1912. S t a n d a r d A t l a s o f E r -an,-:.h C c r h t y A. 0g2,- I n c ' G o . , 1 9 1 5 . 2rg M g e n . fthicago: �299 Collections "Historical Vertical F i l e . " Coldwater Public water, M i c h i g a n . T i b b i t s Opera House Programs, 1 8 - - . C o l l e c t i o n b i t s Foundation, Coldwater, Michigan. of Secondary Sources State and Local Histories Bald, F . C l e v e r . M i c h i g a n i n F o u r C e n t u r i e s . N e w Yo r k : Harper, 1 9 5 4 . Coldwater I l l u s t r a t e d . C o l d w a t e r, Michigan: 1889. J . S . Conover, C o l l i n , H e n r y P. H i s t o r y and B i o g r a p h i c a l R e c o r d o f B r a n c h C o u n t y, M i c h i g a n . N e w Yo r k : T h e L e w i s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 6 . D u n b a r, W i l l i s F . M i c h i g a n T h r o u g h t h e C e n t u r i e s . V o l . Chicago: L e w i s H i s t o r i c a l P u b l i s h i n g Co., 1 9 5 5 . I I . • " T h e Opera House a s a S o c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n i n Michigan." M i c h i g a n H i s t o r y Magazine, X X V I I Dec., 1 9 4 3 ) , 661. F u l l e r , G e o r g e N . E c o n o m i c a n d S o c i a l Berrinni_ngs o f Michip-an. Lansing, Michigan: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck and Crawford Co., 1916. . M i c h i g a n A Centennial History c f the State and its People. T r vols. C h i c a g o : T h e Lewis Publishinc Co., 1 9 3 9 . Johnson, C r i s f i e l d . H i s t o r y o f Branch PhiladrAphia: E v e r t s and Abbott, 8-79. Michigan W r i t e r ' s P r o j e c t . M i c h i g a n A Guide Stare. N e w Yo r k : O x f o r d U n i v e r s i t y o t h e W, D l v e r i n . , , P r e , 1941. P o r t r a i t and Biographical Album o f Branch County Chicago: Chapman r o t h e r s . I S . M1,7-hirran. �300 Q u a i f e , M i l o M . a n d G l a z e r, S y d n e y. M i c h i g a n f r o m P r i m i t i v e Wilderness t o I n d u s t r i a l Commonwealth. N e w Yo r k : Harper and Bros., 1923. American T h e a t r e H i s t o r i e s The A c t o r ' s B i r t h d a y B o o k : A n A u t h o r i t a t i v e I n s i g h t i n t o _ t h e L i v e s o f t h e M e n a n d Wo m e n o f t h e S t a g e B o r n between J a n u a r y F i r s t a n d December T h i r t y - F i r s t . 3rd. e d . E d . Johnson B r i s c o e . N e w Yo r k : M o f f a t , Y a r d a n d C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 9 . Birdoff, H a r r y. W o r l d ' s Greatest H i t : New Y o r k : V a n n i , 1 9 4 7 . U n c l e To m ' s C a b i n . Brown, T . A l l s t o n . H i s t o r y o f t h e A m e r i c a n S t a g e C o n t a i n i n z B i o g r a p h i c a l S k e t c h e s o f N e a r l y E v e r y Member o f t h e Profession t h a t Has Appeared on t h e American Stage From 1 7 3 3 t o 1 8 7 0 . N e w Y o r k : D i c k a n d F i t z g e r a l d , 1870. Burris-Meyer, H a r o l d and Edward C . C o l e . T h e a t r e s a n d Auditoriums. 2 n d e d . N e w Yo r k : R e i n h o l d P u b l i s h i n g Corporation, 1964. Callahan, J o h n M. " A H i s t o r y o f t h e Second Olympic T h e a t r e of S t . Louis, Mo., 1882-1916." D i s s . K e n t S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y, 1 9 7 4 . Carson, W i l l i a m G . B . T h e a t r e o n t h e F r o n t i e r . C h i c a g o : U n i v e r s i t y o f Chicago P r e s s , 1 9 3 2 . C a s s a d y, M a r s h a l l G . " T h e H i s t o r y o f P r o f e s s i o n a l T h e a t r e in Salem, Ohio, 1847-1394." D i S 3 . Kent v e r s i t y, 1972. Celtnam, C h a r l e s S . e d . T h e D r a m a t i c Ye a r b o o k and S t a r e Directory 1892. L o n d o n : T r i s c h l e r and C o . , 1 8 9 2 . Clapp, J o h n Bouve, a n d Edwin i e a n c i s E d g e t t . P l e e e r s o f t h e Present. 3 -fols. i n 1 , N e x ' o r - : D u n l a p S o c i e t y. '899-1901. C l a r k , B a r r e t t H . F a v o r i t e A m e r c a n P L a - e o f tn.-, N i n e i e e n t b C e n t u r y. P r i n c e t o n , New J e i s ? y : sity Press, 1943. Coad, O r a l S u m n e r, a n d E d w i n Mims J r . T h e A m e r i c a n S t a . V o l . X I V o f .Pex-eant o f m e e i c e . N e w d e n , e n n . : Ya l e TTniver-,ity P r e . 1 9 9 . �301 Crawford, M a r y C a r o l i n e . Romance o f t h e American T h e a t r e . Boston: L i t t l e , 1 9 2 5 . D i c t i o n a r y o f A m e r i c a n B i o g r a p h y. E d . Dumas M a l o n e . N e w Yo r k : C h a r l e s S c r i b n e r ' s S o n s , 1 9 2 8 - 3 7 . D i c t i o n a r y o f A m e r i c a n B i o g r a p h y, S u p p l e m e n t I . E d . H a r r i s E. S t a r r . N e w Yo r k : C h a r l e s S c r i b n e r ' s S o n s , 1 9 4 4 . Eaton, W a l t e r P r i c h a r d . A m e r i c a n S t a g e o f To d a y. B o s t o n : Small, 1 9 0 8 . F i r k i n s , I n a Te n Eyck. I n d e x t o P l a y s , 1 8 0 0 - 1 9 2 6 . N e w Yo r k : H . W . W i l s o n C o . , 1 9 2 7 . F r e e d l e y, G e o r g e , a n d John A . R e e v e s . A H i s t o r y o f t h e Theatre. N e w Yo r k : C r o w n P u b l i s h e r s , 1 9 4 1 . F u l l e r, Edward ed. D r a m a t i c Ye a r, 1887-1888. nor, 1 8 8 9 . Fyles, F r a n k l i n . T h e a t r e and I t s D o u b l e d a y, 1 9 0 0 . People. N e w Y o r k : G i l b e r t , Douglas. A m e r i c a n Vaudeville: New Y o r k : M c G r a w - H i l l , 1 9 4 0 . I t s Life a n d Ti m e s . Glover, Lyman B e e c h e r. S t o r y o f a T h e a t r e . C h i c a g o : Donnelly and Sons, 1 8 9 8 . R . R. Grau, R o b e r t . F o r t y Ye a r s O b s e r v a t i o n o f M u s i c a n d t h e D r a m . New Y o r k a n d B a l t i m o r e : B r o a d w a y P u b l i s h i n g C o . , 1909. Hapgool, Norman. T h e Stage i n Macmillan, 17/0:. America, 1 ” 7 - 1 9 0 G . N e w Yo r k : H e r r o n , I m a H o n a k e r . T h e S m a l l To w n i n A m e r i c a n las: S o u t h r n -Methodist L n i y e r s i t y Press, 1969. H e w i , B a r n a r d . T h e a t r e !...S.A. 1 6 6 5 McGraw- H i l t , 1 9 5 , o 1 9 5 ' . N e w Yo r k : H c , r n b l o i . , A r t h u r . A H i t o r y (Thf t h e T h e a t r e I n A m e l - i c a . Philadelphir).: L i p p i n c o t v , 1919. Horton, William F i l l s . D r i f t w o o d Winn a n & i Vo r i a n d , 1 9 0 ! ; . u f Hoyt. HarlQwe R . lo!,11 7 % ) r 1 . 2 . 1 . A.J.: P r e n t i c e 1 9 ' 6 . Liglewood �302 Hughes, G l e n n . A H i s t o r y o f t h e A m e r i c a n T h e a t r e , 1 7 0 0 - 1 9 5 0 . New Y o r k : S a m u e l F r e n c h , 1 9 5 1 . Hutton, Lawrence. C u r i o s i t i e s Yo r k : H a r p e r , 1 8 9 1 . o f the American Stage. N e w Jerome, Jerome K . S t a g e - l a n d : C u r i o u s H a b i t s a n d Customs o f I t s I n h a b i t a n t s . N e w Yo r k : H o l t , 1 8 9 0 . Macgowan, K e n n e t h a n d W i l l i a m M e l n i t z . T h e L i v i n g S t a g e . New J e r s e y : P r e n t i c e - H a l l C o . , 1 9 5 5 . M c K a y, F r e d e r i c E . a n d C h a r l e s W . L . W i n g a t e . F a m o u s A m e r i c a n A c t o r s o f To d a y. N e w Yo r k : T h o m a s Y . C r o w e l l a n d Co., 1896. M o o d y, R i c h a r d . A m e r i c a Ta k e s t h e S t a g e : R o m a n t i c i s m i n American Drama a n d T h e a t r e , 1 7 5 0 - 1 9 0 0 . B l o o m i n g t o n Indiana: U n i v e r s i t y Press, 1955. Moses, M o n t r o s e J . A m e r i c a n D r a m a t i s t . B o s t o n : 1 9 11 . . Famous Actor-families Crowell, 1906. L i t t l e , i n America. N e w Yo r k : The N e w T h e a t r e H a n d b o o k a n d D i g e s t o f P l a y s . e d . B e r n a r d Sobel. N e w Yo r k : C r o w n P u b l i s h e r s , I n c . , 1 9 5 9 . O d e l l , George C . D . A n n a l s o f t h e New Yo r k S t a g e , 1 5 V015. New Y o r k : C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 2 7 - 4 9 . Phelps, H . P. P l a y e r s o f a Century: 4 Record o f the Albany Stage, InclucLrig N o t i c e o f P r o m i n e n t A c t o r s Who H a v e Appeared i n k m e r l e a . A L b a n y : J o s e p h McConcugh, 1SE,0. Pitou, Augustus. M a s t e r s 1914. o f t h e S h o w. N e w Yo r k : C r o w e l l , Quinn, A r t h u r Hebson. H i s t o r y o f t h e American Drama f r o m the C i v i l War t o t h e P r e s e n t D a y. A a W Yo r k : C r o f t s , 1 9 3 6 . R i c e , E d w a r d L e R o y. M o n a r c h s P u b l i s h i n g C o . , 1 9 11 . o f Minstrelca. N e w Yo r k : K e n n y R a h i l l , F r a n k . T h e World o f Melodrama. U n i v e r s i t y P a r k , Pa.: P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Press, 1 9 6 7 . S h a n o w e r, D o n a l d T h o m a s . " A C o m p a r a t i v e a n . D e s c r i p t i v e S t u 6 7 of Three Opera houses i n Southern Michigan, 1880-1900." Dias. T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Michigan, 1939. �303 Stephenson, E . I r e n a e u s . " D e n m a n Thompson a n d O u r R u r a l L i f e D r a m a . " F a m o u s American A c t o r s o f To - D a y, T I , Eds. F r e d e r i c Edward McKay a n d C h a r l e s E . g a t e . N e w Y o r k : T h o m a s Y . C r o w e l l a n d C o m p a n y, 1 8 9 6 . Strang, Lewis C . P l a y e r s and Plays o f the L a s t tury: A n H i s t o r i c a l Summary o f Causes a n d a C r i t i c a l Review o f C o n d i t i o n s a s E x i s t i n g i n t h e American Theatre a t t h e Close o f the Nineteenth Century--The T h e a t r e o f To - D a y, I I . B o s t o n : L . C . P a g e a n d C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 3 . Who's Who o n t h e S t a g e 1 9 0 8 : T h e D r a m a t i c R e f e r e n c e B o o k and B i o g r a p h i c a l D i r e c t o r y o f t h e T h e a t r e , C o n t a i n i n g Careers o f A c t o r s , A c t r e s s e s , Managers and P l a y w r i g h t s o f t h e American Stage. E d s . W a l t e r Brown and E . DeRoy K o c h . N e w Y o r k : B . W . D o d g e a n d C o m p a n y, 1 9 0 8 . Wilson, G a r i f f B. A H i s t o r y o f American Acting. ton, Indiana: I n d i a n a U n i v e r s i t y Press, Wittke, C a r l F. Ta m b o and Bcnes. D u r h a m , N . C . : versity Press, 1930. Blooming 1966. Duke �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tibbits Opera House Description An account of the resource Miscellaneous items related to the historic Tibbits Opera House in Coldwater, Michigan Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of the Tibbits Opera House 1882-1904 Subject The topic of the resource Tibbits Opera House Theater Michigan Coldwater History Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillespie, Carolyn L. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Michigan Coldwater https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/e2e762667baf63ac57d8d2a000507b4d.jpg 1fe935967bb6e842a0ebb105af894445 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to George C. Kelsey from Glenn Purdham Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Letter addressed to George C. Kelsey from Glenn Purdham, responding to George Kelsey about visiting Dearborn, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn B. Purdham Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1, 1936 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Dearborn (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/8efa16ee046338d3672da349e862c8cf.pdf e0da53005ccf6e2ec53e8b258c5835b7 PDF Text Text KIWANIS CLUB OF DEARBORN MICHIGAN CLUB Build" "We OFFICE SEC. OF THE IMMEDIATE - TREAS. ROBERT 22547 OFFICERS : PRESIDENT - RALPH GOODALL FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT - CHAS, R. BLAIR SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT - EARL G. KEIM B. PAST PRESIDENT - CLARENCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RICHARD DECOURSEY CLARENCE JUSTICE FLOYD ARNOLD B. DAWE ROLLA : oe HOPKIN t was on national the : : : AVE. MICHIGAN Entertainment organization ROBERTS LOVIS BROWN A. CG, TAGG that met Conmsthes here some for LES ABBOTT a time ago, and I tried to get this admission charge waived, they said that it was impossible to do so. but There are other attract lone that might be of interest to them. There is the Ford Motor Company, We feel that you Rotunda. opened and the recently would make se - ee May eoming? a wise I not Kindly choice look let in coming for your me know to Dearborn. reply,soon, route senior class. just you are you will take, so that we can have all of the arrangements made for the motorcycle escort, and have everything in readiness to give your caravan a welcome, which we hope, and are quite sure, will remain long in the memory, , especially : of oe the Sincerely yours, Glenn B, Chairman Inter-Club GBP: rat that what Purdham Relations JHW og ati staat Satie vet me � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to George C. Kelsey From Glenn B. Purdham Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Letter to George C. Kelsey from Glenn B. Purdham, giving some suggestions on possible attractions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn B. Purdham Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown date Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Dearborn (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/c5469e52236d531d7dfb779a51b53243.pdf 669d3304dc3ab3d57358ee073b4082d9 PDF Text Text KIWANIS CLUB OF DEARBORN MICHIGAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS RICHARD DECOURSEY CLARENCE JUSTICE FLOYD ARNOLD OFFICERS PRESIDENT - RALPH GOODALL FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT - GHAS. R. BLAIR SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT - EARL G. KEIM CLUB We OFFICE Build” OF B. - CLARENCE PRESIDENT PAST IMMEDIATE THE SEC. - TREAS. ROBERT B. HOPKIN 22547 LOUIS CG, May 18, Mr. George C. Kelsey Secretary, Kiwanis Club 110 Marshall Strect Coldwater, Michigan. Blivd., Orchard Dearborn, TAGG ABBOTT LES 5830 Dear BROWN A. AVE. MICHIGAN ROBERTS ROLLA DAWE Michigan 1936 Coldwater of Six: personally with Mr. Simonds, Since writing to you lI talked age, and he will extend the courtesy who has charge of Breenfield Vill , There will, however, be oe trip. of free admission to the students the any adults who wish to make twenty-five cent charge for would -.. to have make to this privilege They will offer any talked I had fee. want - they may arrange will We do are all someone the charge, to know for for the the GBP/EE they office Seniors to visit the Village without many and the time forthe trip put how guides. Mr, Sincerely yours, B, Purdham Chairman told his Simonds is visit e this very pleased to anticipat one sant plea very a we can to make it Glenn was and in else of Inter-Club very gald to 80 from you, and for us all. Relations. eS N we � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to George C. Kelsey From Glenn B. Purdham Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Letter to George C. Kelsey from Glenn B. Purdham, about speaking with Mr. Simonds for free admission to Greenfield Village. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn B. Purdham Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 18, 1936 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Dearborn (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/2884286d4d6e4c60ae3b5a82f79b4b85.jpg 6e3ca150861a8c9cf3c79fb166ccc382 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to George Kelsey from Farmers and Manufacturers Beet Sugar Association Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Letter addressed to George Kelsey from the Farmers and Manufacturers Beet Sugar Assoication, letting the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan know that Dr. Brook will be coming to speak at the September 29, 1936 meeting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn R. Larke Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 3, 1936 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Saginaw (Michigan) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/34bf7de98d2b9ae1bd66d1e2a0808531.pdf 857b69a802723ba90b30ddf9bc77a775 PDF Text Text FarMERS & MANUFACTURERS BEET SUGAR ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVE SECOND OFFICES NATIONAL BANK BUILDING SAGINAW, MICHIGAN June llth, 1936 Mr. George Ce Kelsey, Secretary Kiwanis Club of Coldwater 110 Marshall Street Coldwater, Michigan Dear Sir: are Tuesday night at I am glad to We have your notation 6:30 night. We are glad to for although Dr. Brock's some time ahead, perhaps a date for the future. evening, this does is not that suggest the meetings Wednesday date of Tuesday booking, but Dr. 29th, 1936. plan long of have this information, Tuesdays are filled:for we can get together on September somewhat your instead range I realize that Brock to do much speaking during July, you for the courtesy of reply. August, and early September. Therefore, if the suggested date meets with your approval, please let us know, and we will have the speaker on hand. Thank your Yours very truly, Glenn Ass't R. Larke Educational Ll. Xk Sec'ty � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource A collection of photographs, correspondence, original agreements, and more, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 to present day. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Language A language of the resource English Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8.5" x 11" paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to George Kelsey From Glenn Larke Subject The topic of the resource Kiwanis Club (Coldwater, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Letter addressed to George Kelsey from Glenn Larke, Farmers and Manufacturers Beet Sugar Association, agreeing to a date for Dr. Brock to come speak at the September 29, 1936 meeting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn R. Larke Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 11, 1936 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used with permission from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, Michigan. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Saginaw (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Provenance Original document was lent to Branch District Library, from the Kiwanis Club of Coldwater, for digital preservation. https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/49f42aba0a355a75477dcda2e44e7591.pdf 972b3fc55e91a401e6a8d1848f50bed3 PDF Text Text hm Chot Erle o ipubi Sshpm) kinsoT am gioa ood R mLesron Khite PPanoli gola ri tiay Gorm Spur Cendi outlako Cor 8teub osOL NorCrar 3DIỜKTNSON WKatsona INNSARB Maniet shifAfalan Strong k RPrarhd Ranits T K OBulra Raber edmrai ste e aGrand Lr‡yesoBay LAKEDetroit 75 s9 attooMack Nackint 06verlngo t rum ARlAK eýUKgan HEBO)aN POUE Goolhnr MMET Sumjmer l. KOARYLIs F75: 37sle Beaper1. o NN:ARB arreL ke 8upes E36MLghan (To Ken Grand Mackiad atTed P) orth Mani ST. CAR kef be Mačkinac lalanc lerbr uskego DEEROEEnt96etrojl 9Detroil Emilre State Senator CalebD. Randall (1831-1903), a Coldwater resident, served in the Michigan Senate in 1871. He was instrumental in bringing the State Public School to Coldwater. The city offered 27 acres and $25,000 and was chosen as the site for 1Ss hsMichi LANE Arbọr int ichigan Whittemor NACGravelyo P Cirs oCMrnold Lat s cClurooor RapidsANNARRR IchianDenolt Oartoo F96 Nonansin MI-961 o utat SIrand A CPAREAKEMichiga IE75KAtwood pbellCoir N ndillae iart Bmiererill Aleopa ivohiw S indcslencLake oelea the new facility. LTUgNIIUARIN yge RCrandfraverseBa Warren kalanazoo arandRapids GrelonAIDS Saungey Jetlu Viennatnntu agsudgo Kala Aatr dB ushit ath Mont T Jrand-nhLOperior R arreA GrandKapI! ORSBCO -75 nstoy aMickgan roit Iarsor A apid Orelghton War' Lake C Ba R. R wieeckM ver ambagh AR ATbor Parlsbi Gra rainGr Lred Prel eh Paint ruSable nlon hno hamp rino Detroi rndstope Cit Waten MiebigaeLivohiA aleaoye 4X Baya wa State Public School- Book 1 of 2 GAR LAk DFATELO ttehlBanduir ErotchigarnHO1lano Liydh DerotakeHuron Warren Lake Superior Flnt MLCh i ganKentyop ut Tyri -96 3 rtb FerguleeBurc oraGr Be Ch ncey ontros CiioP villel ý.abdo ick DRA DSD ara Ito N entc Wi o6 Mapl BH O8 AS Benytop Corur Di ned M,A nt E te L‰e o Owa Ore Ow Columl ae Jaeh LA NIE S ER peQ ar Iun Cr Mmbr Dyd CObodrob R �MICH MIGAN KSTORS SITS STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL AT COLDWATER In 1871 the Michigan Legislature authorized the building of a speclal state public school to furnish temporary support and Instruction for dependent and neglected children between the ages of four and sixteen until they could be placed in homes or returned to their families. The school was opened in Coldwater on May 21, 1874. Once admitted, children participated in "family -like" life in cottages and a placing-out program. A third of each day was used for schoolwork. a third for recreation and entertalnment, and third for acquiring work skills. Children learned reading. spelling. counting, calisthenlcs, singing. cy phering a and slate drawing. By the turn of th century, the facility had become the only home In Michigan admitting both normal and handicapped children. �ACHIGA HISTS STERED TORIC COLDWATER REGIONAL CENTER By an act of the state leglslature the StatePublic School became the Michigan Children's Village In 1935. The facility thenbegan to admit only children with mild mental Impairments. Most of the former resldents were transferred to theMichlganChildren's Institute, estabIishedin Ảnn Arbor in 1935. In 1939 the ChildrensVillage became the Coldwater State Home and Training School, and persons of all ages with more serious mental handicaps were admitted. By 1960there were 2.900residents. During the1970s, special education, training and living experiences in communities reducedthe number of resldents to less than 700. Renamed the Coldwater RegionalCenterforDevelopmentalDis abilitiesin1978.theremodeled facility providestraining pendent living andprograms self-help.for inde �COLDWATER REGIONAL MENTAL HEAL TH CENTER During the era of the "Orphan Trains" of the 1800's, children were loaded into trains for a journey through the midwest. Arrival times of the trains were posted well in advance, and anyone--without investigation of the home or its conditions--could select a child. As a result, many of these children would run away and eventually ended up in the poorhouses, or again on an "Orphan Train. At the end of the routes, the children who were left would go to various institutions across the country. In this same time period, Laura Haviland, of Raisin Township in Lenawee County, devoted her life's work to help the oppressed and down-trodden of every race. Active in the underground railroad, the modest home of the Havilands The Havilands also opened a manual labor school on became the refuge of the eeing slaves on their way to Canada. their premises designed for indigent children. They took nine children from the county house of Lenawee County, and along with their own children, taught them four hours each day. In 1864, the Institute closed as a house of In 1837, the Raisin Institute initially was opened in Lenawee County. learning, for so many of the teachers and students had enlisted in the Civil War. Mrs. Haviland sold the Raisin Institute with the stipulation that it was to be used for homeless and indigent children. Two hundred children of this class were cared for in this "home" until good homes were found for them. For four years this orphan's home was conducted with funds provided by charity, and throughout this time Mrs. Haviland hoped that the State might take over the task of supporting schools of this nature. In his inaugural address to the state legislature in 1868, Governor Henry Baldwin called special attention to the lamentable living conditions of dependent children in the county poor houses. Through Mrs. Haviland's personal appeal, the Legislature passed a bill in 1871 to establish a "State Public School for Dependent and Neglected Children," and Senator Randall began a campaign to secure the facility for Coldwater, Michigan. Many other Michigan cities offered bids, but Coldwater's offer of 27 acres of land and $25,000 was nally accepted. The Coldwater Regional Mental Health Center rst opened its doors on May 21, 1874, as the The population consisted of 150 orphaned and dependent children. state Public School. On October 1, 1935, a major change in the original concept occurred when the agency became part of the Michigan Children's Institute, and the name changed to Michigan children's VIllage. At that time, the admission of mildly impaired residents, who were capable of academic education or vocational training, were accepted. fi fi fl LARate nd �MinBitags PUBI ColLagea. SCHOOL BUILDINO. On May 23, 1939, the facility was renamed Coldwater State Home and Tralning school, and began to accept residents of all ages and levels of retardation. The population growth from 150 residents in 1874 to a record 3,231 in 1960, re ected the trend of similar agencies throughout the United States. This trend started to reverse in 1969, when there were 2,800 residents, and has continued until today. Gradually, many placements were found in foster homes, group homes, and in independent living arrangements. The next name change occurred in January 1975, to the Coldwa ter Disabili the Regional Center for Developm en tal tles, which again ra ected administrative changes in the Department of Mental Health. In November, 1985, rst unit (Linden Hall-18) changed to the Coldw a ter for chronic mentally ill patients was opened. Reglonal Mental Health Center. In January, 1986, the agency's name was Finally, in June of 1987, the rst acute admission unit was opened to patients from Branch, Hillsdale, and Jackson counties. In March, 1991, the Department of Mental Health announced that it would be closing the Coldwater Regional Mental Health Center in June, 1992, due to deinstitutionalization of Michigan's mentally ill population. In July, 1992, Governor Engler announced that the Department of Corrections would move their Women's Work Camp Program from the Chelsea area to the vacated buildings of the former Coldwater Regional Center in October, 1992. fl fi fi fi fl fl An of cial closure ceremony was held in front of the Administration Building on Saturday, September 26, 1992. The community band played, the ags were lowered and burned, and the keys to the facility were handed, over to the Department of Corrections, thus ending 118 years of serving those citizens with special needs. �Administration Building �STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL, COLDWATER. �The establishing of this school. . . is a step in the right direction tolessenpauperism and prevent crime.. . place them in a way of becoming useful c’t’zens andself-supporting rather than expend thousands of dollars to build prisons and keep them shut up at great expense... -C. D. Randall �Cottage Row fi "The high character of any Commonwealth is founded on the morals, intelligence and industry of the people. Each child saved is one more pillar of the strong state edi ce.. "- C. D, Randall (1897) �Scene on Cottage Row, State Public School. Coldwater, Mich. "The State st’pulated the child could be "Freed" in one of three ways; by adoption, by reaching the age of sixteen andthusbeingdeclaredself-supporting, or on a claim by the natural parents." �"NO child was to be admitted without evidence heard in the probate court. After all, even a destitute child has rights andthese r’ghts and the rights of the parents." -C. D. Randall Baby Cottage, State Public School, Coldwater, Mich. �EEEEE SCHOOL FOR CRIPPLEO CHILDREN-COLDYATEP �"The children who were "placed" could be adopted, fostered or indentured. In thecase of the State PublicSchoolas with other institutions it was the school policy to deny information to the natural parents on the whereabouts of their ch’ld." Apartment B was the home of Dr. Andrews. (Photo dated 8-6-43.) �"Seventy-seven children in 1887 had been there for more than two years. They were stillprone to all manner ofwickednessand related af ictions from disease to v’c’ouSness. Physical attributes and handicaps alsoserved as deterrents to adoption." (1887) fl Courtesy of Michigan Library & Historical Center, Lansing, Michigan. �I PAOMNATUWET SRCOND ooR TewE SroRAOB EEEEEE �"From fteen to eighteen (residents) are employed making 6eds, sweeping and scrubbing the cottages. About the same number are employed on the farm, in caring for the an’mals, milking, working in the garden, hauling wood, etc. The dining room and kitchen employed twenty- ve children. Quite a number work in the bakery, laundry, engine and sewing ooms, while twebve are learn’ng the shoemak’ng business." ZRAA 4H +REcNHOwes STATE PUBLIC 3CHOOL fi fi ConwATCR MICH The Greenhouse �"Themessage was clear and positive: dependent ch’ldren are not delinguent and can besaved. Preventative measures such as a pastoral environment anddisciplinecould render children deprived of afanmilyacceptable to a new family. Coldwater'sadmnissionprocedures and forced daily routine sound drab to us in the 21* Century. But fi theschoolhas an exceptional reputation probaby because it ful lled the expectations of a reformminded public." �d Saenrnt f Re te iated a os EPp STATE PUBLIC SOHOOL. 31 (Forms.) 1. What is the child's physical condition ? 2. How many months has the child attended school? 3. What studies have becen pursued ? 4. What progress is made in school ? 5. Does the child attend church and Sabbath-school, and how often ? (6. Is the child obecdient ? 7. Is the child industrious ? 8. Is the child accustomed to hear and use profane language ? 9. Are the child's associates good ? J0. HoW are the child's evenings spent ? 11. What is the child's occupation,and is it snitable? 12. What has been the child's general treatment ? 13. Does the child sleep alone ? 14. Is the bed suitable? 15. Is the child's clothing suitable and proper? 16. Does the child take its meals with the family ? 17. Is the food suitable and proper? 18. Are ardent spirits used in the family ? 19. Does the head of the family complain of the child's conduct, or the child of its treatment ? 20. Are there any other child ren in the family? each. If 80, gire sex and age of 6. That the Agent of this School may, in his discretion, require a similar report on said blanks, once in each year, from the person to whom said child is indentured six months from the time of the State Agent's report. 7. That when on such examination it shall be found by either of said agents that the interest of the child requires it, said child shall be removed from the person to whom he is indentured, and in case the removal is neoessary by reason of fanlt on the part of the child, he shall be retained in this institution at least three months before plucing him in another family. TLE ATT r SETTORA HURR l Courtesy of Michigan Library & Historical Center, Lansing, Michigan. r, Watis el Ch are pges NCRS IL BARTLE e �The institution is located just north of the city, on an eminence overlooking the city and surrounding country. The buildings are on the cottage plan, and are represented on the accompanying cut. The cottages are the homes of the children, each accommodating about thirty children, and each presided over by a lady cottage manager, whose duties are very similar to those of a mother with smaller family. It is made the special duty of the Board of Control to homes in families for the children, as fast as practicable, nd and an agent is appointed to attend to this work, and to look after the welfare of the children after thus being placed in homes. The institution is in charge of a Board of Control, appointed by the Governor and con rmed by the Senate, for a term of six years each. The present Board of Control consists of the following persons: Isaac B. Fancher, President, Mt. Pleasant. Richmond E. Case, Three Rivers. C, D. Randall, Secretary and Treasurer, Coldwater. The administration of the ordinary affairs is in the hands of a Superintendent, who is delegated large discretionary authority by the Board, and in whom is principally the responsibility of success. Wesley Sears is now superintendent of the institution and Wm. B. Streeter is State Agent. There are about 300 children in the school, new ones being continually received, and the older ones being furnished with homes in families. Since the organization of the school, more than 2,500 children have been provided for, proving this to be one of the grandest public enterprises ever attempted by any state or country. fi fi AY uyca rj urcrie �The Kitchen a) DIETARY. Breakfast. SUXDAI. MOKDAT. TUKSDAT. OntMeal, Ord Whent.Homlny. MIlk. Potatoes. Bread. Meat Gravy. Potatoes, Ooftee. Bread MIlk Bread. Potatoes. WEDKEDAY. Coffee. Farina. Potstoee. Bread. Cream Gravy. Oream Gravy. Codieh. THURBDAY. Ost Meal. MIk. Bresd. Potatoes. FRIDAY. SATURDAY. Cr'k'd whent. Rice. Mk. Bresd. Potatoes. Croam Gnyy. Codnah. MIlk. Bread. Hash. Molasses. Dinner Boup Pickles. Bread. Pot-ple. Potatoen. Brend. Boup. Abples. Bresd. Mest Gray,Potatoes, SaltFlah. Pork and Broad. Apples. Plckles, Potaloen. Mest Gra beans. Potatoes. Mest Gravy. Soup. Apples. Bread. Cabbage. Pork and Beans. Apples. Bread. Courtesy of Michigan Library & Historical Center, Lansing, Michigan. V �The State Public School "must not be an overgrown poorhouse with low grade employees. It must be plain andpleasant . a cheerful educational home". -C. D. Randall The Faculty Courtesy of Michigan Library & Historical Center, Lansing, Michigan. �HISTORY OF "THE BELL" The original bell of the State Public School was cast in West Troy, Now York in 1881 by the Meneely Company. It 22" high and 28" wide, and is complete with support arms of "Yok" and clapper. It is made of a special alloy called bell metal, which is composed of 90% bronze and 10% tin, and weighs an approximate inscribed "Meneely's Rotary Yok, Patented October 9, 1860." 500 - 600 pounds. Upon it is The bll School. was located under a wood canopy on top of the roof of the Old Administration Building of the State Public The bell would ring six times to awaken the residents, seven times for break’ast, twelve for lunch, one for school, ve for dinner, and any other time when they wanted the residents to move for special events. On a clear day it could be heard at least three miles away. In 1950, the canopy had started to rot, forcing the removal of the bell by a high crane. At that time, the bell was no longer used, because electric clocks had been installed throughout the facility. It was declared salvage, and offered to the State Conservation Department for use in one of their parks. Eventually, the bell was relocated to Proud Lake Park, near Brighton, Michigan, where it was used to call campers to dinner. An excerpt from a 3-13-75 memorandum written by E. John Klein, Administrative of cer, to the Superintendent follows: "Soon after I came to work at the Coldwater State Home & Training School in 1960, I was told many things about the history of the "old" institution by my predecessor who had worked here 42 years. One part of the history concerned a large bell which was, as lI remember it, located in a cupola on the old Administration Building and was used to signal reveille, mealtime, close of the school day, bedtime, etc. I inquired as to the whereabouts of the bell, and was told that in 1950 it was transferred to the then Department of Conservation and housed at a state park near Brighton, Michigan. It has been my opinion since being made aware of the bell, its use, etc. that a chapter of this agency's history left here when the bell was removed, and I was hopeful it could, somehow, some day be returned. It follows then to say | think the "rightful place" for the bell is here, and I am very pleased to report to you it has been returned today. This action followed a meeting which took place on March 11, 1975, with a Mr. Russell, Departmernt of Natural Resources, who was here by prior arrangement to look at some surplus beds and furniture. He said the last time he had been to Coldwater was to pick up a bell. It was at this point | "lit up" and told him of my interest to some day have the bell fi fi fi fi fi returned. Much to my surprise he told me he thought it could be made available, and he, too, agreed with me the bell should be here. Another call this morning con rmed availability of the old bell, and I made arrangements to have it picked up immediately. It is my wish that a suitable and tting location on these grounds be designated as the of cial site to place this historical "piece of the past" for both the people of the Institution and Community to see and remember as a monument to prior generations serving those in need." �MEMORIAL TO GEORGE PALAMAKI 1921 - 1978 IN RECOGNITION OF HIS LIFETIME OF SERVICE TO THIS FACILITY THIS BELI STATE PUBLIC WHICH THE AND ITS WAS A VITAL PART RESIDENTS OF DAILY LIFE AT SCHOOL. FOUNDED IN 1874. FROM PRESENT- DAY FACILITY HAS EMERGED. In 1979, the bell was relocated to the park site at the faclity and set in an enclosure which was fabricated from the bricks, slate, iron grill work and other artifacts from the original main or "administration building" built in 1874. A memorial plaque at the base of the bell reads as follows: "Memorial to George Palamaki, 1921-1978. In recognition of his lifetime of service to this facility and its residents. This bell was a vital part of daily life at State Public School, founded in 1874, from which the present day facility emerged. George Palamaki came to the Stale Public School as an orphaned baby, and was raised in the school. He later became a trusted employee of the facility and dedicated his life and career to serving the institution. Thus, the bell was dedicated, and the park named "Palamaki Park" in memory of George Palamaki, who died in 1978. fi The Coldwater Regional Mental Health Center was of cially closed on 9-26-92. The Branch County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution requesting that a transler be made by the Michigan Department of Mental Health of this cherished part of the Branch County Community and be understood that the County of Branch will commit this George Palamaki Bell to a permanent place within Branch County to entrust, preserve, and protect this irreplace able symbol of our history." �CO ORDNWEHILDIRANSE FORVARO ORDEHILD RANST Eo. LTD, URA IGLE CS2 BRD 191 5 20p IHOISNTuI 08DWCHILOSTRANSS L P 23 61 25 66 28-T E33/ 29PX965 30P the 42 LO 3YM4160 The Children 160 2buU 3 24XH 25p 26P 27P 50 52 55 BURTONicORPORATION TRARSPOo-DEPARTAENT 21p 22p 23p H 49 53 0062YA C 48 46 |88 pdiordin IN ary ainN ary 4aTEVEAGNVE 88 46 MAESTEG-CAERAU! TONNA ROAD 31p 32P 33Þ peujea1 eq o1 jeyi SUE E34 s4L htan, d64 LO ST. S 10yt C 7aYEASNYE SNOLLVinDTNaaHS7and oL ON 1rns asnsst s3 HDNN ARNMOHSLIXDIL 0SSaaaN 1 TSIG SN EHS 00 REMAINING ON CUT SIDE OF TICKET Issued subject eg n PE 9 SAabttAL fuo for inspection 939& 4451 O panser ADULT 1pIp AILD 2p 2p TURN; -19m([n |01 MAESTEG-CARALSEE TONNA ROAD peujeeeqo jys 4GVOLNYPE 4 N 445 MERGENCY.TICKET EMERGEMCY TIC 6 GT ya oWEUtLON 3p 3p 4p 4p COp 5p 5p 20p 6p 6p AD CH RET CA Tp 7p 8p 8p sBojznsasrpnu Sav|-E HE1 04oofqnspant 12345678/9C FRE PASSENGER CUNDUCTOR �Males. Females TABLE XSer, Parentage of Ohildren,ele. Whites. Colored Native parentage_-. Foreign Orphans- Half orphans. Who came from poor house... Whose parents were conyicted of crime Whose parents were intemperate--Whose parents were in poor bouse.... 142 30 162 10 110 62 19 91 98 27 49 32 Courtesy of Michigan Library & Historical Center, Lansing, Michigan. �1903 The smallest chil d ren are nearest to God, as the smallest planets are nearest the sun. RIo Courtesy of the Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. �Some one said Boys will be boys''; he forgot to add, Boys will bemnen. �ADMITTING OHILDREN. The following is suggested as a form of application as required by Sec. 21, Act No. 58 of 1875: (Form.) To the Judge of Probate of the County of Wayne, ss : The undersigned, Superintenden ts of the Poor of said county, hereby apply to said court, and request an examination of the dependency of . --a child under sixteen years of, on the public for support, pursuant to the provisions of Act No. 144 of the laws of i873, with a view to have said child admitted into the State Public School at Coldwater. That in the opinion of the undersigned the said child is dependent on the pablic for support, and that he has no parents against whom his support can be enforced as provided in chapter 49 of the Compiled Laws of 1871. (Signed) ... 2. That bereafter, on all such examinations, the Judgea of Probate shall be reqaested to ascertain and report on the, following inquiries in addition to what is now required by law: �A "BOUQUET OF BABIES FROM THE STATE PUBLIC SCHO0L ly, the School accepted only physically sound children between 4 and 16 years of ad cripples are received, as well as babies of any age. �Birthday Party - 1925 Courtesy of the Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. �WoodShop - 1925 Courtesy of the Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. �Children - 1925 Courtesy of the Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. �Girl Scout Troop #1 LON fi The State Public School's Girl Scout troop was the rst to be chartered in an institution of this kind in the United States. �Boy Scout Troop #50 DNAT �Camping 1930 Paul Venter, Gunnard Carlson, Billy Wheeler, Thomas Barker, Forrest Roggow (1930) DD �Kite Tournament- 1929 and 1930o �James Bass, Robert Steele, Albert Larkins, Billy Wheeler (May, 1929) George Buckhold, (May, 1929) Prize Kite Winners May, 1930 John Kozil (May, 1929) L. Carlson, C. Wymer, W. Freeman, H. Clark �Ladies and Gentlemen... Entertainment Ringmaster Wilbur Nichols (1932) View of the crowd of 3100 people who attended the Pageant in the 1930's. �The Royal Party at the June 1931 Pageant. �The Cotton Town Minstrels presented a Look for the Silver Lining program on 5-25-47. Pictured left to right: Lavina Elliot, Clifford Blackman, Dorothy Dingman. �Front Row: Cliford Blackman,Frances Zyskowski, Lavina Elliott, Betty Edinge, Billy Pitzner, Dorothy Dingman, Donna Frit, Anna May Hudson. Back Row: James Alexander, Eileen Ramburg, Frances Slowik, Della Hazzard, Clarissa VanHorn, Edward Stevens, Arlene King, Joe Freehom, Emstine Seals. �CIRCUS DAYS State Public School June 5, 1932 PRELUDE Bugle Corps of Legionaire fame; Coldwater's pride inhabitants claim. LADIES and GENTLEMEN! The greatest show on this old earth will now perform for all its worth. Event 1 Four trained black horses with their riders of skill open this act with unequalled drill A hippo, a lion, and a tall giraffe and you can 't help it you're going to laugh, A tiger, a seal, an elephant too with a zebra unlike the one in the zo0, Event 2 A Highland-Fling by lassies four; challenge old Ringling to offer more. Event 3 A clown in a bath tub, clowns blaclk and white, a clown looking down from tremnendous height. Event 4 Musical number of in nite worth, played by the tiniest band on earth. Event 5 Juggling clowns and clowns who box and freaks so queer the grand-stand rocks. A butcher whose sausage meat sadly gives out, captures a dog as it wanders about. fi Event 6 Six odd funny dancing men play a lively game, when they tumble in a heap they're very far from tame. Event 7 Wm. Tell and searching clowns, a frog, a cop to chase the frowns. A boy who's lost his nice new clothes, will help you lose your ails and woes. �"The Court Jesters 1932. �SwimTeam The school's 1929-30 season Gymnastic Team: Clayton Edmondson, Forrest Roggow, Gunnard Carlson, Venard Flowers, Kenneth Everetto, Billy Wheeler, Norvie Clark, Harry Edmondson 30- -25 The Pool �Gymnastics �Wbat aEriens Music Class 1940 rcoll ong onG Whkt �Senior Choir Exercise Class �The Cemetery fl Residents place owers on graves in the cemetery on Memorial Day 1930. �Vie Fan SatetasT JO nt e s T CoTTaG Ne 9 COLDWATER SLeTOM astMENY P4 TAeDA P CoTTAsL Ne STATE HOME & TRAINING SCHOOL SECTOHA PST AT AMiIATAATIEBAAD LOO R SavEraA PLAN C CeVAC 5 CocowATCA SYATEWou TaA AALANKLARGJws ScwooL Ceu VEW PAOM Nor 626 SoUTu- wESr AConspectus the SECTION AA PhyoiealPlant MICHIGAN STATE AD MINISTRATIVE BOARD BUILDNGS AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION ADRIAN N.LANG IUS 1943 DIRECTOR CGAN5TATEAPMIRisTAATIVE AeAAD SURYEYE J 90 CooWATLA S14TL MoME T S 3-140 AL �Football �LeRoy Harris and his new Dodge car, with Randall Hall in the background. itte sixt ME & �Power Plant A �2 COLDWATER STATE HOME AND TRAINING SCHOOI, No. 1-Main Buildings, 0 ces No. 2 Boys' Cottage No. 3 Hospital No. 4-Service Building No. 6-Randall Hall, Girls Cottage fi No, 5 School Building �Sunset over Marble Lake � https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/713e10bb008a5c397dd7f535747068aa.pdf fea62ddcd20d0d809282f58e1b903390 PDF Text Text Book 2 of 2 Governor Frank Murphy 1937 Groundbreaking ceremony for 1937 expansion of the school. �Efristmas 941 Col™water State himt The contents of this 1941 Christmas program are available at the Heritage Room. The booklet includes a listing of songs and performers. �State Public School Here Was 1925 MANYVISITNEW STATESCHO0L BUILDINGS In the News 1 0f Its Kind 6-27-1961 One of the most unique educational ventures in the country was the State Public School of Coldwater, today known as the Coldwater State Home and Training School. This institution was established in 1871 and was the rst of its kind in the world. Governor Henry P. Baldwin and State Senator C. D. Randall were responsible for its founding. The school, which opened its doors in 1874 provided a home and educational 1950 State Home Bidding Set For Apr. 20 Bids on the additional bulldings at the Coldwatur State Home and Training Schooi, part of a program which will reach a total of $1,800,000 through the coming four or ve facilities for dependent children who had years, are to be opened April 20, and 1f acceptable, contracts will be awarded. previously been consigned to a pauper's fate in the poorhouses. The school's establishment marked a First on the program, at this time, will be e 300-bed nursery. the approximute cost of whlch is s850,000, a 50-ted cottage for boys, 60-bed cottage for the boys employed on the farm Slxteen hundred girls and boys Close t two hundred vigito ac cepted the invitation of Misy Kathrln revolutionary step in society's attitude toward children who, as State wards, had been in deplorable social and educational surroundings. The name was later changed to Schoo andavatledthemyelvesof the opportunity Wednesday o nspectng{ the new buildingswhlch the state has erectedin connectlon with theđnstitu: name it has today, the Coldwater State Home and Training School. Here, mentally handicapped patients are housed in cottages and dormitories, with a hospital, school buildings and recreational facilities at their other building units, with the total disposal. dollar mark. Fine New Hospita and Nur seryOpen to the Pubie: Miss OstranderHostess Ostrandđer,superintendent of the State ton Visitors tirstmadethelr call n the main bullding where he hostessicor dially greetedall whocameand as sistedby Miss LeoleNenlingaiettclan,andMrs. H J.McKntghtone of the techers, served & deltclou or: angepunchand ndiyidualcakes he TOUndoslghtseelngstartedlttian ngpection o the D8a hing halle theclinary ettlcian prepare OO epartmenta orhechldren Michigan Children's Village andtthen to the Bucs end Llons' ho Local teams run for gold inOlymplcs game on page on page 3 a 50-bed cottage for girls, are now ward; of the state at the Coldwater Slate Home and Training School, but the expansion program will ralse this gure to 2,800, with the added controlling personnel being increased to meet the additional respor.sibilities imposed. One of the major projects, fol. lowing the expansion now in motion, will be a inodern administration building, replacing the existent of cial headquarters, and reaching close to the two milllon 1992 The DailyReporter eptenber 28, 1982 Asuooimd Ps tr 10 Pages Bugle sounds end to Coldwater Regional Center by Dad C0WATEA Abg y hdde lr g gefb TOOms where rW uponrow. o enteand suppes tor theBchooaTe fi fi fi fi fi ystematlca? anred and a rane Ceusty eRRCres Wrint �Barn Wind Damage - June, 1948 TVAAKAWAN A �Sirls Dormitory at Michigan Children's Village, Coldwater, Michigan �In the News 1874 STATEPUBLIOSCHOOL,At.a meeting ot the ComrmissionersIast weokachangewas made in the style of the main buildfng. A About30. soboler havo arrived a. the State Pablic School. Newongs ate &riving every dey. The rst receivedoame woek ago to-day. They orocongtruoting. 1000 barrėl orvoir up at the Blslo PublioSohogl. We understand they tntend to use Atered water for Arinkiogpurposes. it-was irst plannedthewingson either side Fof thecentralbuildingwereto be batone storyin height. TheCommissionershave now deolđed to mount the wingˆ with aMsn BArd roof, wbioh will make an addõtion of one story and inorease the capacity of the building quite materially as wŽllias add to its external appearaDce.Thisinatitutionie, SIATE SGNOL GNOUNS ARE. VEY AITRNGIVE we believe, to be an ornament to ourtowo, and any improvement in its cpnstruction we Œre bappyto nege. In order to meet tb“a expenseon the main building theCommigsioners will probably not erect one of tha cottagesprovided for by the-Legislature, 1873/1874 1912 BEL-TIIAIA 44 Bermtattonsfor the Stae Pubuese 1. This inatijation is open for vIskorp erydeybebween&apd5 P. M, z0ept Satarday; endonSundeye wil, be po tirely closedto all ezoepting4o attenden Eon 8nday obeol. . Visitorsrerequestedto esterl bailding the froDt đoor:andwhen 4 mited rill beesborled to tbe reeepti room and their peenooannounced by doorkeeper. 3. Persons notemployed in, tbe iastiti tion;will ngt be allored in the dormitorie PriraleroomeOrwork rooms x0pi đari! reception hours, por will they be allowed aDy time to strojl orer th• baildiagI uDI tended. 4.Childrenerepermitted t0reoeire õ itors andVIGIT(ciendsin tberecepiion roo fi only. Z.TRULIDRI, 8up't. STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL AT COLDWATER. Diringilet past veek more thạn of gurStateSchoolin this city. they.are atways welcome. The ne sua nmber otpeoplehave vs Mr Herhmanncalled the attention gate hangshigh" at theState,Publtc ited theErqundsof kheState Pubilco ecourlersTepreSentative to aSehool toy nterested sitors, and fargeine nearly one hundred teet thosewho gothere tnd mneh thạt in SchoolOncount the nusualyon at ueend orthe: greenhouseiteresttthem peat andattractiveappearanoe that thais ia in thts,part or the coun ANargebonquetottroahnowerA1E ney pren ubut aniteommopinCalitorninaaily pieedsubon eachtabke the Therllare ntty tower beR awhere tottengToWssothat itcovers,ehitdrer sđining room-and tAat s thousab paR n enbean aa n arkeonsesThetrine lscovnotthe tenseamopr thegooto t abouthe groundsThetulin bedsrei Mt bedutifnllavender bioswhich thˆover outeroundsThe tulip beds onsahae nae i8bouga’ňyillfers MiHermannexpecttoaoonhave arg ngn 41bloomandthegre suHremata rosea: d nty thousjndplanta,uany c therm hausesareoverloadedAwith great gheregetable gardensalsoconein in fulbloom.aboutthe tronds with uantities ot plant And Hoyers rtor argeshare ofM Hermann'sin ashorttime He,akespartionlar nondretsor aitetentvarieties! Theattemiu here serera.neresot let pridein 4 arxebgaorhundredgof botanicallgatdensas thes may benceonions peas,tomatoesand alk red and yellouipan ear theena properiyealeaare.inchargeot M most,everyotherregetable that onetrancetothesehool grounds tor it s JospphHemainandallthrework uconta entlon re undercultvation extremelyDeautituland certainky oncthemstone umđer.nis directionsto the children.intheBchool, shows the hand ot anantist M The horHnicalgardens inWashingto yisitoreitothisinstitution.that has3Hermann is notRrenchdescentand in thechangeotthe goYernmeńtđo alreadysmadeMichfganlamousCATRI829yearsofage.Hecarme tothis, S notshow the resultssof any,more eelLaenred o the mostcourteougconntry Yew ye ago unable to nteiligentor:better carethan those trentmentand aremadetoeel thatpeakEngliihy �StateHome- CityWithinA City Coldwater Daily Reporter, By Geva Burkovskis A city within a city, this is the Coldwater State Home and Training School. When rst opened in 1874, just outside the city limits of Coldwater, the insittution was a moderate-size home for dependent and neglected children. At the present time, the home has grown into a seemingly self-suf cient town with its own laundry, bakery, hospital, and residence buldings. Now, however, the patients are not entirely neglected or orphans, but are mostly peopled with mental de ciencies. In 1935 the initial patients having mental retardation were admitted, and since then only the retarded are allowed to enter the stated-operated institution. Contrary to what some may believe, the term mental retardation is in no way synonymous with mental illness or the insane. Feeble-mindedness or mental defectiveness is a condition in which the mind has not reached complete or normal development. Causes for mental retardation are many and include heredity (although two mentally de cient people can have a perfectly normal child); injury at time of birth or chilhood; encephalitis of meningitis, an in ammation of the membrances of the spinal column or brain; and disorders of the endocrine glands. In the beginning only patients with the higher types of retardation were admitted. This restriction continued for four years and then all degrees of the mentally retarded were accepted. On the grounds there are 27 patient-care buildings including a 300 bed nursery that cares for chlidren until they reach the age of six. Since 1950 many additions have been made at the school. A new laundry, a 150 bed hospital, a medical laboratory, a pharmacy and picnic fi fi fi fl fi fi fi fi grounds have made living and working easier for both the 2,900 patients and 900 employees. In 1958 a vocational training bulding opened. This new addition contains a modern woodworking and machine shop. Also a complete unit of homemaking is located there. The latter unit includes bedroom space, living room area, dining alcove and three complete kitchens. A dressõmaking and sewing area is also contained. Here a patient can learn and practice vocations. A full time training program for the patients who have suf cient mentality to bene t from it is in effect. Through this program a patient is assigned to work in and about the instituion. Vocational training is done in the nursery, bakery, laundry, repair shops and other services on the grounds. Aftera patient has established skills and good work habits he is referred for employment off the grounds. An academic program for children is also offered. Here the youngsters are taught until they can make no further progress, or until they reach the age of 16 or 17, at which time they transfer to the vocational training departrment. Many forms of therapy had also been quite recently added to the home. At present a full time speech and hearing therapist is employed, one occupational therapist and two psychotherapists. Hotter valve operations (for the hydocephalus) have been issued and a chiropodist service provided. Religious and recreational bene ts are also offered to the patients. All kinds of athletic equipment are available and parties and picnics are held periodically. For Catholic patients, instruction in catechism and Mass is provided by the convent and priest. Protestant patients may attend services Sunday afternoons with the local pastors in charge of the services. �"I Grew Up in Coldwater" Facebook Page Comments 12y Like Candee Arnold Terry Mulchahey tRising contributor It was a very sad place to visit. I remember volunteering therewhen I was young, and many children were just dropped off because they were handicapped mentally or physically or parents just didn't or couldn't take care of them. When the State Home and Training Schoolwas closed,many adults were relocated in the community and lived on their own (with assistance of course). 9y Author My dad had an interesting history at the Coldwater facility. He was a Field Representative from 1927 to 1936 while it operated as the State Publ’c School which was essentially an orphanage operating on what was called a cottage plan. Hence, the old postcards of infants and little children playing in front of "the baby cottages." In 1936, the facility transitioned to care of the developmentally disabled and my dad moved on to other social welfare work for the state. In 1952, we moved to Coldwater when he took the position of Director of Social Services for what was then the Coldwater State Home and Training School, a position he held until he became Director of Community Relations in 1960. He retired in 1969 from that 2 Like Michelle O'Neill position. The photo is one I found on the internet. Rebecca S Fraser..my dad was CEO of the state home for years..l wonder 12y if yourdad knewhim..hisnameisMichaelO'Neill. 9y Patricia Kilgore know it was an orphanage, either. What a fascinating post. 12y Barbara Carpenter Like My Dad grew up in the 'state homes, rst inSaginaw,then inColdwater. 10 I have a friend from Paw Paw whose brother was developmentally delayed aka mentally retarded; he lived there his whole life-- she and her family would go visit him, and she said it was the most depressing time of her Mary Ann Man Scott Hodge there were at least 2 pools - one has lled in to make warehouse space before I started working for you. out of it and the other one in blg 50 hada oor that raised (1/2 of the pool) so wheel chairs/ handicap) could enter at an even level and drop down. years ago the parts of that one were removed and it just sits never to be Like Penny Fenno Geishert Veryinterestingstory. I lived onMorseStreetformostof my"growingup" years and wewere alwaysawareof the StateHomebeingdownthe street. Our church youth group would go out thereeachChristmasseasonwhen we went carolling and I have very distinct memories of that. 12y Like Gary Baker Palarmaki Park 12y Like Memories fi fl life. Imagine it was what it was for the times. 3 Yes, IrermemberMother telling me about your lab at the StateHome 12y fl Like Linda Waldron Gloudemans Dave Kubasiak-Fix fi 40 Wow, Terry, I had no idea your Dad had such an interesting position. I didnt Like Both of my parents worked there 9y Like used again. On the blgs, many are not safe anymore to enter as oors and ceilings/ roof crumble. to remove the asbestos is too costly and if they fall in then it is acleanupthat doesn't require theasbestosremoval. the buildingswere very well built so this process could take decades. once heat is removed from the buildings they quickly become unrecoverable as the decay makes it far too costly to ever rehabilitate them and they would also have to be brought up to code after beingvacated. like too many of the states buildings around the state no funds are ever allocated to take care of the mess after they are done using them. maybe if the congress would pass a law that once a building is abandoned for 2 years it has to be destroyed and cleaned up more thought would go into reuse instead of building renting other structures. in some of the "prison buildinges" they underwent millions of dollars of renovations in the mid 80's - now to be abandoned and left to rot �Looking East, Administration Building and Hospital 1E EERREPAEFEE �Coldwaler State Home Plays A 1962 Major Role In County Economy By SETON BOVEE estimate this State Home amount but with presently housing The Coldwater State Home and some 2,900 patients, it must be an Training School continues to be the important addition to the local biggest single factor in thls area's economy. economic picture. And blg as it ls, the State Home During 1961, the ed a record institution $4,428,650 into economy of Coldwater and pour- is the Brancha still growing. During the calendar year of 1961 total of 165 patients (60 female and 105 male) were admitted while cOunty. same period 115 the Its some 900 employes recelved a during total payroll of $4,295,000. Most of were discharged. The waiting list as of January 1 this money was spent or invested | last year was270, while this Januin this area. ary 1 it had grown to 429 in spite These and other enlightening ig-of the 165admissions. ures were contained in a report Lssued this week by Ray Mulcha- hey, CSHT public rela tions Of the 2,900 patients at State đireo-Home, some'450 are being trained by the school in a variety of jobs tor. This report con rmed that the in the hope they can eventually State Home ls the county's big-take fobs and leave the institution. gest ndustry."" There are 175 children in the ac- Patient Purchases High One of the amounts which caus-demic E ed program. These are re eceivinginstructionfromteachers surprise, even among of cials at State Home, was that spent byWho are certi ed in the area of patients in making purchaSPS in special education. report notes there Coldwater. This total was$84,8001 hasMulchahey's been a decrease in the percenWhile the bulk of these ex- penditures were made by patients age of educable patients admitted in the past 10 years. In 1952, baving daily or part time employ-with a patient population of only ment outside the institution, a conslderable amount was Spent by na-1,600, there were 140 educable resiAt present there are only tients able to be taken on super- dents. 75 vised shopping tours in the city. Th’s decrease, State Home ofIt is also interesting to note that cials point out, has been due Che $4,428,650 (total area incomne) spent by relatives for meals, lodg.largely to the special education ing, clothing, gasoline, oll and oth-programs that have been started in er items while visiting patients at he public schools, and also the inthe school. Relatilves Spend Here Too There is, of course, no way to crease of parent - operated schools for the mentally retarded on a community level. Cap’tal Outlay Down Last year was a slim one in the SOME 900 EMPLOYES, whose salartes Tast year totated more man 4.200,000, turn tnto thla drive daily on their way to their work, which is taking care of the 2,900 patients at Coldwater State Home an‡ Training School, (Daily Reporter photo). area of capital outlay for the local institut’on, only $23,450 being expended for such items as repair of |old hospital, recond’tioninga well, repa’r of steam lines, improvement of sewage system, overhaul Terry Mulchahey Author Coldwater Daily Reporter,1961 The Coldwater State Home and Training School continues as Branch County's largest employer. More than 900 persons are employed there with a payroll of $3,91 6,863. Book population of patients, including those under care, in family care, on vacation, and on a convalescent status totaled 3,231. According to an economic base study compiled by the economic study committee of the Branch Planning Commission, in the last two decades, the most important factor in the growth of employment in the county has been the State Home. Ann, you're right. I'l quote from the history of the State Public School that my father wrote. "The plan which evolved resulted in the establishment of a family cottage type plan institution, to which children were to be sent by Superintendents of the Poor of the various counties on proof of their dependency on the publick for support. The institution was to be a temporary home only, and during his stay at the school the child was to be trained to go into a foster home where he was to be supervised by a state agent in each county. The law was passed and signed April 17,1871, creating the rst governmental instituion ever establised for dependent children, where poverty was the only price of admission." The School became a model copied by other states in the late 19th century. fi fi fi fi fi 12y Like �State School (Main Building) oldwater, Mich. 1?o9 The Fountain 1 When the fountain was no longer needed, it was relocated to a home on West Pearl Street. It has since disappeared to time. �Downtown Coldwater Boy Scout Troop #50 marching in downtown Coldwater, 1930. �Spring Review 1948 Shown is Bonnie Fields and Frances Slovik. �Wagon Ride Caffes Sori Art Class Richard Gallagher, born 1950 �Hospital �Fire! Ð 1957 1H4 ANGLE fi A devastating re in 1957 destroyed the east wing of the Administration building. ��Mrs. Lape, R. G. Mulchahey, and Mrs. Nichols presenting toys 10-31-52. ��This school building opened in June, 1926. It housed classrooms, a library, beauty parlor, home economics, a gymnasium, Boy Scout room, Girl Scout room, a stage, and swimming pool. Cottage Marble Tournament Winners May, 1931: G. Carlson, L. Mcauley, A. Fifer, M. Trosky �In the News DUE TO GROW MORE TOO 1950 Colltr DalyRepr- men and the other for women, x- State Home ls Largest ot460 pected to cost $1,000,000. Each of these proposed buildings which together will increase the Capacity of the institution by 240 beds. is a one-story structure, with a main section 51 feet wide. Industry In Coldwater 295 feet Projecting long and from this section, ol one side, are two dornltorles and four play courts. On the other side is an L-shaped wing. one section of which is 30 by 112 feet, the other 44 by 50 feet. Since Fi’ty sears have changed the has a patient population of 1,620 fubds are a pproved and allocated,the building is designed to house Coldwater State Home and Train-and occupies 55 buildings spread thẹ patient capacity of the institu- patients vho are physically handiing Schoo1 from a smal1 institu-over 1,074 acres of land. tioh will jump to 2,700 or 2.800capped there will be no steps and tion for, orphans and children of Starting New Construction within the next two years. ramps will be provided at all indigent parents, into Coldwater's During the next year, under anj Included among the 55 buildingsexits. The buildng will have a expansion program for which funds which nov constitute the State light steel frame and its exterior largest industzy. theHome and Training School arewalls will be of brick. The next few years, on the basis jhave already been allocated, of funds aready allocated and ap-institutlon is destined to add six four large custodial bulldings which Employs 439 Now propriattons •urrently being soughtnew buildings at a cost of aboutacoomodate a total of 900 patients. The State Home is Coldwater's in theJegislŠtœre, will see an even($2,000,00 to increase its capacityand 20 patient cottages smallerargest industry in that it furnishes to 2,160 patients. mor• rapld expanslon. dormitories), a hospltal. admin- steady employment for more perFrom'the original plot of 27 Additional funds for expansion stration building. school. huge ser-sons than any other local industry. acreś nd a few buildings, theare included in this ear's budget vice building which provides dining According to Dr. Rennell, a total State Home and Training School |request of Governor G. Mennen rooms, laundry serviceand foodof 50pOSItionsareprovided at the hus grown during the past halfwiliams, now belng studied in storage. eightresidence buildings.nstltutlon under clvl service and century to the point where it now lspecial legislative session. If these power and sewage plants. legislative sanction at present. To Build New Nursery Only 439 of those positions are The new construction program. led todav, however, the 11 un|on 'which bids are being taken at lled positions requiring either 300 prŽsent, will provide Deaskilled workers or men and women nursery, two special treatment (đe-of prolessional training. 1954 WEDNESDAY, tentlon) a 60-bed buildings of 50 beds each, dormitory at the This farm 1arged working staff will be enby 125 persons to 575 as Rndment for -about 150 persons, Dr. and two homes for resident physi- result of the expanion program alciahs, The additional additional program, prozram. now now he.ready approved and scheduled tor The be-completion within the com’ng year. fore the legislature, includes a pro-And when the institutlon reaches posed$350,000 administration build-its ult’mate 2,700 or 2,800 patient ing to replace the present one. nopulation, it wil1 provide employ- JULI ZI, IV09 whlch was erected in 1874 has been condemned as a 39 Attendant Nurses At State Home Finish In-Service Training; Will Graduate Friday ministration building is a pressingwin became aroused over the fact Thirty - nine attendant nurses,, competent care and have better in-j Frarey, Margaret Fredrickson, Beswho have completed the in-service sight into patient problems throughsle L. Grove, Hulda K. Globensky, training program, will graduateFri- re Rennell states. hažard. The proposed building will The history of the State Home be lL-shaped and two storles high.and Training school actually dates Accorđing to Dr. E. J. Rennell,hack more than a half century medicalI superintendent, a new ad-to 1868 when Gov. Henry P. Bald- better knowledge of thelr af lc-George L,Gregory,Myra I.Gregory, Arthur D. Hefner, Helen E. Hamđay afternoon in & ceremony held tion. From a community viewpoint the mond, George Hoag, Jr., Paullne F. at the Btate Home and Training •ourse is also planned to prepare Johnson, olive Kellogg, John W. Bchool, Wilma E. Lenz, Ruth L. This program marks completion the attendants for thelr duties andLaurell, not only as em-Loveberry, Osie B. McClish, Barbaof a 92-hour course of 1nstruction responsibllities, conducted here in a statewide at-ployes of the state, but as citizens-r& A. MAggart, Glen G. Olmsted, Potter, Granger Preston, tendant training program in the of the problems confronting theMyra publlc regarding mental health, and Chauncey J. Robbins, Bradley P. mental hospitals of Michigan. need with rapid expansion of the that 212 orphans and children of State Home making the old struc-indigent parents were being housed Another big item in the proposed in county poor homes. Pushed Bll's Passage construction program now before C. D. Randall, then state sena- ture sadly inađequate. | thestate legislature are two identi- tor from thỉs district, was a memcat patients' buildings, one forher ber oF of the legislative committee to which, Gov. Baldwin referred the problem. Largely through his elforts, a bill creating a State Pub- Attendants graduating will be to nssure the public, whether par-Smith, Elsie M. 8tehlik, RuthAnn presented with diplomas and pins ents, taxpayers or both, that the I. Sager, Myrtle L. Teachout, Ollve from the state, which wll quallfy people engaged to care for these M. Thomas, Phyllis Jean Worden, nsight throughEvelyn Anita Warner, Audrey M. them as trained aldes for all men- children haye tal hospltals in Mlchign. etolh xz knowledge of the problems of the Waterbury, Mildred D. Waller. mentally defective. tal hospitals in Michigan. They Alfonse Sootkoos, Nursing consultwill also be ellgible to receive ve points on any future promotlonalant of the Michigan Departiment of examination they take in Civi1 Mental Health will dellver the adBervice. The training course Ls belng dress to the gradđuates and dlscuss con-the statewide mental health at- ducted here by Ruth H. Houck, R.N.tendant train’ng program. The following attendants have Attendant Instructor, who describes fi fl fi the program as "an effort made to successfully completed this course: stress to the attendants the im- Vera E. Andrews, Celestia D, Blackportance of the role he plays in the man, Mary Alma Burke, Adeline E. care and training of the mentally Bennett, Robert E. Burritt, Charlane A. Corless, John R. Craft, Dondefective child. The entire course is designed to ald O. Collins, Katherine B. Daley, foach the attendants to give more' rederick Dickensheets, Goldle M. STATEOFMICHIGAN ICF/MR REMODELINGPHASEI COLDWATER REGIONAL CENTER FORDEVELOPMENTALDSABILITES TOTAL PR0JECT COST BY THE PEOPLE OF THE $20,441.000 STATE OF MICHIGAM �Mrs. Hardy and Thomas Walt Wood Shop Marble Competition �International Year of Disabled Persons Field Trip to Cement Plant 1981 Regional Center: Update Worth It By RICH PLATT Can a $2-million renovation project bring happiness to 483 residents at the Coldwater Regional Center Developmental Disabilities? onwho you place on a hurnan life? Fact remainsthat theproject, rst in- troduced in 1976 anddesigned to bring local buildings in compliance with federal and state mandates, is now complete and the nine resident care facilities involved in the program are back in use The move has left seven resident care facilities, built between 1939and1953. va- cant. Though structurally sound. the buildings are considered "primitive" in purpose and like statues, dot the eastern edge of the 600-acre Regional Center tract as a reminder of the past more fi maximum of 32 each. Each room is contains two beds, nightstands and wardrobe. Wall cover- population have been placed in foster homes, group homes and others in independent living arrangerments. fl designed to house a 150 residents. munity placement. Because of marked improvement in day-to-day functioning, many residents fi oors varied in temperature as drab windowshades ltered the sunlight. Today, these brightly appointed, exquisitely landscaped buildings are residents on two oors. There are four bedrooms at the opposite ends of each oor, capable of lodging two residents point, the trend reversed and by 1969,the population declined to2,800. Today, there are less than 500 residents housed at the center with the decline attributed to com- fl housed in the nine renovated buildings Pine, Sycamore, Oak, Applewood, Tamarack, Maple, Elm, Linden and Cedar. Prior to renovation, each of the buildings, housed 72 residents, all of whom slept, bathed, ate and learned in cormmon quarters. Cement block walls echoed the slightest of sounds. Tiled than 1,000beds lie empty. When the Regional Center opened in 1874as the State Public School, it housed swelled to a record high of3,231. At that fl the last several years, admissions have averaged less than one per month. For residents for which no alternative you talk to.Thosewhosa R blejustifyingthecostoftheprojectwhile living arrangements are yet available, those who say 'yes' ask what price can an they will remain at the Regional Center, In 1960, the Facebook tions with a target of 455 residents by September of this year, 399 by March of for 1982 and 343 by Septermber of 1982. Over The answers vary depending on who J 1981 The forecast calls for further reduc- ings are colorful and practical (they can be takendown forcleaning.) Colorful window panels replace shades in windows. Bathrooms are located across the hall. There is one bath for every four residents. The rooms are private but spacious. The bedroom and bath areas are sandwiched on both sides of living and dining rooms. Top comments Scott Hodge my grandfather, mother and me all worked on those grounds and mom pointed out we all started in April- my wife is still working on thegrounds. lots of families from branch county have worked there! 6y Like Reply Barbara Carpenter Both my parents worked there for years 6y Like Reply Tami Hoath All-starcontributor Really enjoy the state home pics. Worked there for 11 years. Thanks! 6y Like Reply Carla Boyer MY mother worked at the State Home Like Reply Tonya Cleland These buildings always grab my attention so many stories they hold so little information about them!!! 6yLikeReply 10 �The Richard Prangley Story Journalist John Schneider chronicdes the compelling true story of Richard Prangley, a man who was unjustly institutionalized for fteen years yet has managed to become not only a productive citizen but also an effective advocate for the devel- opmentally disabled. Richard Pranglcy, whose story has been the focus of a documentary and wide national media coverage, including CBSS Sunday Morning with Charles Kuralt, is an inspirational gure whose life re ects the human spirit at its resilient, tri- umphant best. In Waiting for Home Schneider tells the complete story, from Prangley's committal to che Coldwater State Home and Training School at age 6, to his struggles with socialization after being released at age 21, to his successful stand for the rights of the handicapped as a lobbyist in places like che Michigan Srate Capitol and the White House. "Richard Prangley is a shining testimony to how one can overcome life's many obstacdeschrough hope, determination, and hard work. Those who mect him through chis book will be forever grateful and inspired." - John Engler governor of Michigan THE RICHARD PRANGLEY STORY "I remember Richard warmly. He overcame much, contributed much, and inspired many." William G. Milliken formergovernor of Michigan Waiting for Home "Richard's life story holds important lessons for all of us. Through the force of his commiument, courage, and goodwill, Richard has turned adversity into a passion to help others by championing changes in the mental health system. C. Parick Babcock former dircCtor, Mich. Dept. of Mental Healeh A TRUE STORY OF STRENGTH AND SURVIVAL John Schncider is a daily columnist for Michigan's ISBN John Schneider O-B028-4211-9 Lansing Sate Journal WM. B.EERDMANS PUBLISHING CO. fl fi fi Grand Rapids/Cambridge �) Richard Prangley 6 RICHARD PRANGLEY TOOK AN EMOTIONAL trịp Wednesday to the building where he spent much of his time as a resident at the Coldwater Regional Center for 16 years. This time, however, he was accompanied by a lmn crew from CBS which is doing a personality pro le on the man who was recently at guest at the White House to witness the President's proclamation of the "Decade of the Disabled,'" (Top) Prangley and Regional Center Administrator Robert Rogan make their way to Building 41, once Richard's home, now scheduled for demolition. (Below) Prangley explains what life used to be like in his ward to reporter Marlene Sanderson. The cold, barren rooms and hallways bear a start contrast to the modern facilities that house the Regional Center's 427 residents today. (Photos By Michael Morrissey) CBS Films Personality Spot About Former CRC Patient By MICHAEL MORRISSEY Rlchard years Prangley, who spent 16 U.S. Health and Human Services the ColdwaterState Home when he MidwestReglon,came to the atten- .was slx years old atter doctors told at the Coldwater Regional tion of CBS recently when he was a Center after being wrongly diagnosed guest at the Wh’te House to witness as mentally retarded, made an emotional visit Wednesday to the very bullding where he spent much of hls Presldent Reagan proclaim the "Decade ot the Dlsabled," Reporter Marlene Sanderson and ime. This tme, however, h’s trip was producer BIU Moran traveled to Lans. fi fi 1984 his parents he would be permanently braln damaged. He was discharged trom the Regional Center when he was 22. Recently, State Mental Health Director Patrlck Babcock was been reported saylng that Pranglev's Dro- 3hS �e OAG STATE MUSEUM?-This 1800 photograph, owned by Richard Prangley, shows the administration building located at the Coldwater Regional Center for Developmental Disabilities. Prangley, a 16-year resident at the center, is now museum depicting the history of the state center. The photo above shows the main building and south wing (wh’ch is Do longer standing.) Prangley's efforts to establish a museum recently gained the added support of the Branch County a part of society and is striving to establsh the building asa Historical Society. Ex-Resident Seeks To Establish State Museum For 16-years Richard Prangley spent his life at the Cold water State Home and Training Center adapting to modern day society. Today, Prangley is gaining recognition for himself and the mentally handicapped with a lot of hard work and determination. Prangley was the subject of a four- part Reporter feature story last year explaining his life in the institution and his eventual acceptance into society. Deterrnined to better educate the public about the mentally handicapped, a Prangley now seeks a larger audience to listen to his story. At the present tirne, Paul Magnuson, a writer with the Detroit Free Press Ls compiling a feature story on Prangley fl fi fi OAG and life in the institution which is expected to be released in July or August. Bob Hamlin, another Detroiter, working for the Detroit Film Collectors, İs also interested in Prangley's story and will shoot a movie about Richard as soon as funds are available for the project. According to Prangley, who has spent a tremendous amount of time doing research and recording tapes, a Coldwater man, Bob Silver, has agreed to help Richard write a book beginning with his rst days in the institution, at the age of ve. Prangley, since his disnissal from the State Home (now the Coldwater Regional Center) has secured em- ployment with the Esser Corporation where basis. he is employed on a regular The latest goal set forth by the Grand Rapids native, is to establisha museumn at the Regional Center to preserve the heritage of the facility since its construction in Coldwater in the 1800's. The bid to establish a museun has since gained the suppart of the Branch County Historical Society. Prangley said that, "Since the old administration building is not being used for housing or classes, it seems lke it could be possible to have it remodeled into a museum depicting the growth and changes of the institution itself. It could also re ect the history of the com- munity." �The Facility Expands T �SPEED LIMIT 25 35411 The Hospital Site Empty Later Demolished LEEEEESE ��As the facility expanded, the complete Fairview Dairy was purchased, including houses, barns, and out-buildings on Morse Street. 426 Fairview Dairy, Morse Street �470 Fairview Dairy, Morse Street �George Palmaki Gordon Miller George P was an amazing man...Some may remember his Green Jeepster Station Wagon that he literally drove the wheels off... Many things that got accomplished around the School when I worked there from 1954 tl 1966 were the result of efforts by George P..Yes many of Branch counties residents had ties the the State Home.. It was a very big part of the Coldwater income source for some time before the additions of newer factories and businesses after WWIl.. My perspective because I was here pre WWl and remember what was as well as what is and saw the changes as they happened... Society is never stagnant but alive and vibrant and always changing. Not always for the better sadly! COLDWATER STATE HOME and Training school's year round Santa, George Palamaki, displsys some of his artistic holiday projects. The multt-color decorator replaces are constructed with wood frame and aluminum, the bricks painted in with the ald of masking tape. A Thanksgiving turkey is shown painted on a sheet of aluminum. George provides holiday decorations for nearly al the cottages. (Daily Reporter photo). DONATES SPARE TIME TO PATIENTS He's Saint Nick The Year round At The State Home 8y Like 2 Reply Gordon Miller do some of you remember when the State Home School was availableto the public for functions and the local Boy Scout troop used to meet there and they had use of the swimming pool and groups could obtain use of it also... This was during the time that Dr Reynolds was the head out there... Folks t ColdwaterStateHome George Palmaki was a xture at the State Home; rst as a resident, then hired by the State. He had heard No, he doesn't look ike the here. Now38,Georgesayshe hascarols from a loud speaker system which a wonderful wood shop and taught classes making bird houses, wooden toys, shelving, etc. items such as gaily colored dec make the residents happy. The State Home has become his orator replaces. Anotber annual and Tra’n’ng school hayea yearlcomplete interest in lưe durng the Christmas project carried out Dy 'round Santa Claus all their own. 12 yers he bAs been employed George is the sound OCrsas By MARBJI BEAR8S typicalChristmas Santa he no outside interesta. doesn't have a bushy white bear., he's not rotund and he wear B red and white suit, doesn't TE Makes Own Deoorations he installs in the old dminlstra- Eyery year he spreads the Lon bulding during the pre-hollChristmas splrit by decorating all day season. The records he plays But throughout the year, George the srnaller cottages, using his owaAre from his oWn colecto. Palamaki, furalturerepalrman t uniquend colorfuldecoratlons.George's activitiesarenotcon: theInstitution,spendsmuch ofhis Theseare not Just theusunlholl-ftned only toChristmase take oWn time, talent nd money tol day trimmingselther, butnelude an active partin allholidaypro ceedings and even if there's no holl- 2 Terry Mulchahey Georgewasa long timeresident thenemployee attheinstitution. Hemay havebeen aresidentwhenit wasanorphanagewhoneverleftthearea. In the1950shelived,for a periodoftime,intownbut bytheend ofthe fties andon,helived in one of theapartmentsin the oldAdministration buildingbefore it burned. He wasamaintenance employee/supervisorat the State Home. He died in 1978 at the age of 57. He was a periodic holiday guest in our home when I was growing up. fi fi fi fi fi 12y Like 40 GEORGE PADAMAKI 1921 978 �Coldwater Regional Mental Health Center Employee Listing as of May 1, 1990 Accounting Cheryl Bercaw Martha Chartrand Patricia Cox Sharon Stimer Velma Washbum Administrative Services Ina Whitney Emma Hilyard ClinicalServices Dr. W. Van Houten Dr. Charles Vogler Laura Murray Purchasing Patricia Ross Nancy Sharnas QualityAssurance MaryLou Ansari Eileen Chamberlain Bob Mann Augustinus Marakowitz Walter Pascal Arlene Schol eld Sara Semmelroth Risk Management Charlene Burch StaffDevelopment Linda Graybill Delores Alexander Elizabeth Howell Karyl Boley Carolyn Schraeder ActivityTherapy John Scott Tillie Sullivan Kerry Kurtz RecipientRights Marilyn Mittleman Beverly Beier Jeanne Chase Brenda Fast Reimbursement Betty Thomas Deanna Caswell Dave Frederick Reggie Horton Angela Johnston FinanceOf ce Sue Patch Rick King Rosalee Bater Sharon Temples Gwen Bass FacilityAdministration Wilma Schmidt Jeff Cook Richard Shanberger ItemizedBilling Karen Hargreave MedicalRecords Safety Keith Gardner Kim Kaechele Monica Ross Snack Bar/Canteen Judy Woolf Marge Butler Trudie Truman SocialServices Personnel Dale Beachnau Kay Almond Marcia Bloom Deborah Cord Sonia Esterline fi Jim Burns Ann Gonzalez Linda Hemker Janet Herman Reception Desk DataProcessing fi Social Workers Eunice McCants Peggy Osborn Lutifali Ansari Rudy Lawrence Nicholas Lopez Pam Parker Tom Rebentisch Brenda Tubbs Amy Yancer Psychology Dr. Neal Davidson Mike Barrett Joyce Burns Harry Marshall Dr. Robert Niblette Dr. Carl Semmelroth �COLDWATER REGIONAL MENTAL HEALTH CENTER OFFICIAL CLOSING CEREMONY 10:00 A.M., 26, 1992 ...Ina Whitney Opening Remarks... "Nearer My God To Thee". Transferral September 0r Keys To ..Community Correctlons... Ina Whitney, ...Uicky Crawford, Flag Lowering.. "Taps Carol Howes Keith Gardner ...Community 0f cial Flag Burning Ceremony....Amerlcan Musical Selection.. Refreshments In Band Legion Drill Team ...Community Lobby.......B.ranch Band County Historical Band Society G7ATAR OSTATETUBLU SUHDDL fi OLADWYNTER, DITqa �AL STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL AT COLDWATER �Michigan Departinentof Corections Lakeland Correctional Facility 26 �WrittenDescriptionof the Facility The Lakeland Correctional Facility provides mainly dormitory-style housing with 12 units and some smaller rooms shared by prisoners who have behaved while incarcerated. A food service building and a school building are available and have allowed the opportunity for expanded classes offered and an indoor activity area. Programming Education programs include Adult Basic Education, Special Education and General Education Development preparation. Vocational training is available in food service technology, of ce occupations and horticulture. Legal, religious and general books are available, and staff and volunteers offer counseling. Health, outpatient mental health and dental care services are available on a full time bases. as The business of ce staff, personnel staff and maintenance supervision are provided on a shared-services basis with the Florence Crane Facility. Security The perimeter includes a double fence, electronic detection systems, fi fi razor-ribbon wire and patrol vehicles. �Demolition I grew up in Coldwater, MI JordanLopshire Aug4, 2019- It looks like the State of Michiganis nally gettingaround torazingthe dilapidated building on the state home campus. The building is apile of rubble which can be seen from State St. The sounds of the bulldozers and the wrecking ball can be heard from my house on Coombs. O9 fi Like TammyFisherLopshireand11others QComment Send 12 comments �ASL S �November 2024 Acknowledgements I was approached by the Library Board with a project idea to assist the many people who visit the Heritage Room with questions concerning the history of "The State Home". I accepted the challenge to gather my extensive collection of photographs, newspaper clippings and artifacts. Special thanks to Kenneth Klein, former athletic director at the school, and the family of LeRoy Harris, former employee in the administration of ce, for their collection ofmemorabilia. The late Charles Woodward donated funds to the Heritage Room of the Branch District Library to facilitate projects such as this scrapbook. Enjoy! fi Randall S. Hazellaker � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Branch County History Books Description An account of the resource Books about the history of Branch County, Michigan. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coldwater State Public School Scrapbook Subject The topic of the resource State Public School--Coldwater (Mich.) Coldwater Regional Mental Health Center--Coldwater (Mich.) Coldwater State Home and Training School--Coldwater (Mich.) Coldwater Regional Center for Developmental Disabilities--Coldwater (Mich.) Michigan Children's Village--Coldwater (Mich.) Coldwater (Mich.)--History People with mental disabilities Institutional care Michigan Coldwater People with mental disabilities History Description An account of the resource A scrapbook-style book documenting the history of the home originally established for "dependent and neglected children" in Coldwater, Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hazelbaker, Randall S. (editor) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Branch District Library Coldwater Library Advisory Board Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 12 inches x 12 inches Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1874-1992 https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/22026463238bb03c12a885ed56623be0.pdf 418ebba843a7e7b47937cac007593f97 PDF Text Text ees Aa Abe ee as eS aN Sd: SS. ee Lewis Art Gallery, as Coldwater, Michigan. = SS a Or Sees S| OVINE OAS eee Do not take this Catalogue from the Gallery. If you wish one you will find them at Davis’ Book Store. The Gallery is free, and _ to keep it so the expenses are necessarily large, and it is hoped visitors will not injure the property, or take anything from the _Gallery.--H. C. LEWIS. ~ A. COLDWATER, MICH. J. ALDRICH & 1875. CO., PRINTERS. a eet GA” �Rules of this Gallery. st. The Gallery will be open on Saturday of each week ther notice, from until fur- 10 A. M. to 3 P. M., free to all persons, except children, as hereinafter mentioned. 2d. Children under five years of age not admitted. Children from five to ten years of age admitted only with pa3d. rents and guardians, who must take charge of them, and be responsible for their good behavior. of Art, Persons will not be allowed to handle any works 4th. ture Frames, the Walls, or anything in the Gallery. Pic- Smoking not allowed here; and persons are requested not to 5th. defile the floor with tobacco spittle, or in any other way, as dust is injurious to all works of art. Persons are respectfully 6th. and canes outside the building. requested to leave wth. The Catalogues are for the use of the be taken away. Gallery, their umbrellas and must not 8th. .These Rules will be strictly enforced, and any one disregarding any of them will be obliged to leave the Gallery, and not allowed to visit it again. GRAND RAPIDS PUBLIC LIBRARY 4467GHT.06 �Painted by herself—a celeNo. 1. Portrait of Madame LeBrun. Copied by Malini. Florence. in Original artist. brated French Original in Rome. Dolce. Carlo By No. 2. Madonna and Child. Copied by Pagani. Original painting by PagNo. 3. Roman Carnival and the Corso. ani. No. 4. Resurrection. By Tintoretto. Originalin Florence. Copied by Manzuoli. No. 5. Raphael’s Holy Family—two Marys and Elizabeth—Christ and St. John. Original in Florence. Copied by Sasso, of Florence. No. 6. Boar Hunt in Italy. By Sneyders. Original in Florence. Copied by Metzker, of Florence. No. 7. Raphael’s Transfiguration. Considered the most celebrated painting in the world. In the Vatican at Rome. Copied by Gavini. And when all beheld Him where he lay, how changed from yesterday— Him in that hour cut off, and at his head His last great work ; when.entering in they look’d Now on the dead, then on that masterpiece ; Now on his face, lifeless and colorless, Then on those forms divine that lived and breathed, And would live on for ages—all were moved, And sighs burst forth and loudest lamentations. No. 8. Claude Lorraine’s Bay of Genoa. Original in Florence. Copied by Pampinelli, of Florence. No. 9. Christ and the Woman of Samaria at the Well. By Correggio. Original in Naples. Copied by Alldrick. No. 10. The Sacrifice of Abraham. Abraham offering up Isaac. Original in Florence. Copied by Melanni, of Florence. No. 11. Marine. By Salvator Rosa. Saardam, a harbor ¢a Holland where Peter the Great learned the ship carpenter’s trade. Original in Florence. Copied by Manzuoli. �- < : Copied by Original in Madrid. No. 12. Murillo’s Conception. Manuel Alonzo, of Madrid. By BiPeasant and Mule. No. 13. Original painting, Melenara. jarano, Seville, Spain. The plan and deAn original painting. No. 14. The Ascension. Florence. of Manzuoli, Painted by Egisto sign by H. C. Lewis. No. 15. The Daughter of Herodias prepared to dance before HerCopied by DeArti, of The original in New York. By Ridell. od. Rome. No. 16. enbach, Original painting. of Munich. German The Deer of Switzerland. By O. Ach- School. Ruins and Landscape, by Moonlight, Original painting. artist. American By Earl, an Original. By Melino, of Florence. Music. an old Castle 8 miles of Ruins Dellitorre. By No. 19. Marine. Original in FlorFlorence. of o, Pampignell by Copied from Naples. ence. Original in Florence. No. 20. Meeting of Mary and Elizabeth. Copied by Leopold Galli. By Albertinalli. By Aglietti Grovanni, of Florence. No. 21. Bacchus. By Aglietti Grovanni, of Florence. . Communion 22. No. Copied by OgilOriginal in Florence. Little Traveler. No. 23. No. 17. near Rome. No. 18. etti. Nos. 24 and 25. Two battles between the Spanish and Italians in Copied by Original in Florence. By Salvator Rosa. Italy in 1620. L. Pampignoli. Nos. 26, 27, 28 and 29. Four Landscapes of the Romana CampagA Fox Hunt—The Appian Way—The Tiber—Old RuOriginal. na. German School. By Ch. Guaedulieg. ins—Cattle, etc. A. Grovanni, of Florence. Copy. OrigBeauty. ee No. 30. inal in Milan. Original in Florence. Portrait of eo bael, by himself. No, 32. ¢ _ Copied by E. Manzuoli. Portrait of Guido, by hemnselt, Original iin Florence. Copied No. 32. by E. Manzuoli. Original in Florence. Portrait of Cigoli, by himself. No. 33. Copied by Aglietti Grovanni. Copied by E. cules in Florence. Little Shepherd. No. 34. Manzuoli. �4 Original in Florence. No. 35. Portrait of Masaccio, by himself. Grovanni. A. by Copied Madonna.. By Sassoferrato. Original in Florence. Copied No. 36. by L, Galli. Copied by E Original in Florence. No. 37.. After the Storm. Manzuoli. By A. DeArti, No. 38. Original painting. . Italian Shepherd Boy. Rome. als The Plain of Pisa—a breezy day in Original painting. No. 39. c By Marko, of Florence. spring, with horses grazing. Landscape. near Florence, mans goats No. 40. Original painting. grazing. No. 41. By Marko, of Florence. The Returned Hunter. Original painting. —S . | By Aglieti Go- vani, of Florence. Copied by A. Ogiletti. Original in Florence. No. 42. Ablution. Copied in Florence. Original Light. Candle by Sculpture, 43. by A. Ogiletti. A Monk on the shore of the MediterNo. 44. Original painting. By G. Mormile, of Naples. ranean with his bottle of wine. Original in Florence. Portrait of Titian, by himself. No. 45. Ogiletti. A. by Copied Original in Florence. Portrait of Correggio, by himself. » No. 46. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Original in Florence. No. 47. Portrait of VanDyke, by himself. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Original in FlorNo. 48. Portrait of Michael Angelo, by himself. Manzuoli. E. by Copied ence. Original in Florence. No. 49. Portrait of Rembrandt, by himself. Manzuoli. E. by Copied Copied by E. Original in Florence. No. 50. Dutchess of Argyle. Manzuoli. Original in Florence. By Titian. No. 51. Titian’s Daughter. Copied by Malina. Mother teaching her children their Original painting. No. 52. Florence. of By A. Sasso, prayers. By" Two Mary’s at the foot of the Cross. Crucifixion. No. 53. Copied by DeArti. Guido. The Italian peasantry dancing the TaOriginal painting. No. 54. Landscape and mountain scenerentella, the national dance of Italy, ry. By A. Sasso, of Florence. i : i a % �ee. 6.00 e 5 . é No. 55. Original painting. By R. Doll, Winchen. scenery. No. 56. ¢ Grove of Philosophers, No. 61. Landscape and Grotto, of Rome. near mountain Florence, where and brook Dante aad the river Tiber, near Rome. Copied by The Mediterranean, with shipping, and Original painting. No. 62. By A. Grotto, of Rome. the island of Capri. No. 63. A countryman going to his work, is met by two gipsies. The younger one proposes to tell his fortune, and while doing so the Copied by L. Pampignali, of Florence. older one picks his pocket. St. Jerome staying the plague in FlorOriginal painting. No. 64. By G. Morselli, of ence in the year 300; raising one from the dead. Florence. Copied by Ogilletti. Little landscape near Florence. No. 65. a woman bargaining scene; Market painting. No. 66. Original By Morselli, of pocket. her picking is imp little a while for a hare, Florence. Copied by No. 67. Winter ; a snow scene ; boys going to school. E. Manzuoli, F & cottage, By Salvator Rosa. the learned men of Florence formerly congregated. ‘Copied by E. Manzuoli. Fight between Brigands and Diligence No. 57. Original painting. By O. Achenbach. Italy. of Party in the mountains Original in Madrid, Spain. Christ and Mary Magdalene. No. 58. Copied by Manuel Alonzo. Painted by Correggio. The tax-gatherer taking the last cow Original painting. No. 59. of Munich. Achenbach, O. by Painted taxes. for By O. Achhome the Bride. Bringing painting. Original No. 60. enbach, of Munich t Swiss of Florence. German school. Painted from No. 68. Original painting. life. By G. Mormile, of Naples. No. 69. Titian’s Daughter, by Titian. Orga in Florence. Copied by A. Malini, of Florence. Original in FlorNo. 70. Portrait of Matressa, a French poetess: Copied by Melani, of Florence. ence. Original in FlorSalvator Rosa and Family, by himself. No. 71. Copied by L. Pampignali, of Florence. ence. A mother showing her daughter how No. 72. Youth and Old Age. By Ogiletti, of Florence. she will look at her age. The Naples Flower Girl. �6 No. 73. Hlorence.;. No. 74. Maternal Love. Original painting. By A. Grovanni, of 3. i -Pelegram, or Little Traveler. Copied by Ogiletti, of Flor- ence: é =: No. 75. Angel of Astronomy. Original in Florence. Copied by Malini, of Florence. ss No. 76. Hunting Fleas by an Italian lady on retiring. Original painting. By Malini, of Florence. The summer residence of the King of No. 77. Original painting. Bavaria in the Tyrol mountains; landscape, lake, etc. By G. Cramer, of Munich. No. Pompeii. 78. No. 79. Grovanni, View the Copied by A. Original in Florence. Christ on the Cross. near city of Salerno, of Florence. No. 80. fishing place No. 81. for himself. No. 82. ae Original painting by A. Sasso, of Florence. Travitonia, a near Naples; fishermen, etc. Raphael’s Violin Player. Supposed to have been painted Original in Rome. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Natural Bridge near Florence. By Salvator Rosa. Origi- nal in Florence. No. 83. No. 84. and of the Mediterranean By Gatti, of Rome. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Albino Costume. Original painting. By Annetti. By DeArti, of Rome. Italian Grape Harvest. No. 85. Original painting by G. Mormille, of Naples. donkey in the act of giving charity to a little girl. No. 86. walk. The Cake, or the Original in Florence. first attempt to learn a Monk on child to little Copied by E. Manzuoli. By Tintoretto. No. 87. The First Miracle ; or, the Marriage Original in Florence. No. 88. Galileo before the Inquisition, of Cana, of Galilee. Copied by E. Manzuoli. where hé is asked by the Pope to renounce his dogma that the world turned on its axis. No. 89. -Orange Girl of Rome. Original painting by Monaldini, of Rome. No. 90. Dante’s Walk, near Florence. Original in Florence., Copied by A. Sasso. No. 91. Guido’s Aurora—a fresco in the palace of Rospigliosi, on the Quirinal Hill in Rome. Said to be one of the finest frescoes in the world. The composition is extremely beautiful, the coloring very drilliant. Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. wt �bo | The original in’ the No. 92. Guido’s St. Michael and the Dragon. Copied by Galista. Capuccinni Church in Rome. Original painting by Giovanini, of Rome. . St. Peter’s No. 93. Church and the Vatican ; the Pope’s Palace, said to be the largest pal- The gathering represents the ace in the world, containing 4,400 rooms. The portraits in this painting are great fete day of Corpus Domini. them the Pope and Antonelli. among ; life from painted many of them By Diana in the Chase ; or, the Awarding of the Prize. No. 94: Copied by F. Magie, of Rome. Titian. - Original in Rome. Original in Naples. Correggio. An angel guarding a child through By Guardian Angel. No. 95. Copied by Gia Majesto, of Naples. the world. Ham No. 96. Manzuoli. Breakfast. No. 97. Original painting. By Marko, of Florence. Original No. 98. Terni, between painting Florence Florence. in Original. Copied by Marko, The of Florence. ae E. Florence. : Landscape, sheep, etc., near and Rome. by Falls of : The city and No. 99. Original painting by G. Morili, of Naples. bay of Naples, Vesuvius in the distance, etc. By Correggio. Original in Dresden. Copied No. 100. Adoration. by L. Galli, of Florence. No. ror. Grand Canal of Venice. Original in Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Christ Original painting by A. Grovanni, of Werence No. 102. Blessing Little Children. : No. 103. Christ and St. John. Original in Florence. Copied by A. Sasso. No. 104. , Three Generations. By Titian. Original in Rome. Copied by F. Magie, of Rome. ; No. 105. Original pane by Earl, American artist. Moonlight camping scene. No. 106. Original painting by Earl, American artist. eons in the Adirondack Mountains. No. 107. Christ in the house of Simon. Original in Rane Copied by Annetti, of Rome. No. 108. Andrew Del Sarto and wife reading a letter from the King of France, inviting them to make himself. Paris Copied by Pampignilli, of Florence. their home. Painted by �8 7 of Naples. Original in By Carlo Dolce. Angel of Annunciation. No. 114. Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. The Adoration of the Shepherds; or, the birth of the No. 115. Copied by E. ManOriginal in Florence. By Gerard Dow. Savior. zuoli. Original in | Milton reciting his poem to his daughters. No. 116. Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Original Munich—scene in the Apennine Mountains. No. 117. painting, by G. Gramer. Copied by L. PamPortrait by Raphael, of Fornarina. No. 118. pignoli. Original in Rome. Original in BrusBy Rubens. Hay Makers of Holland. No. 119. Copied by Manzuoli.. By Claude Lorraine. The Harbor of Civita. Vecchia. No. 120. Original in Rome. Copied by Leonardi. Beatrice. Cenci Original painting by Annetti, of Rome. No. 121. her porpainting Guido and her, in Rome—the Judge who sentenced painting. this in represented as same the trait. The prison remains Copied by F. Original in Rome. Henand Chickens. No. 122. Magie. Landscape Original painting by A. Sasso, of Florence. No. 123. between Rome and Naples; showing Italian sunset. Charity—a Original painting by A. Sasso, of Florence. No. 124. ) little girl giving charity to a mother and child. Lake Thune, Original painting by A. Sasso, of Florence. No. 125. Switzerland—Swiss sunset. Original in Florence. The Martyrdom of St. Andrew. No. 126. sels. Copied by A. Grovanni, of Florence. Original painting by Oglietti, No. 127. near the city of Florence. of Florence. Landscape ee om a Original By one of the old Masters. Singing School. No. rog. Copied by L. Pampignilli. in Florence. Cupid and Original painting by A. Sasso, of Florence. No. 110. the Lion. Original in Florence. CopBy Raphael. Last Supper: No. 111. ied by Malini, of Florence. Copied by E. Original in Florence. The Love Letter. No. 112. Manzuoli. City and Bay Original painting by G. Morilli, of Naples. No. 113. �,No. 128. Original chamois of Switzerland, No. 129. painting snow by O. Achenbach, of Munich. The Original in Florence. Cop- scene, etc. ‘Titian’s Beauty. ied by Milini, of Florence. By Titian. No. 130. Linda DeChamounix. Original in Dresden, Saxony. Copied by E. Manzuoli. No. 131. Grand Canal of Venice, the Doge’s Palace, and the old Prison. Original in Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. No. 132. Original painting by Marko, of Florence. Fisherman’s cottage, with the family learning the children to walk ; interior of cottage. By: No. 133. Original painting by an American artist. Catskill Cascades. No. 134. Venice by moonlight—showing the piazza of St. Mark, the lion of St. Mark, and the column of St. Mark. The original in New York, owned by J. M. Jaques. Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. No. 135. Original painting by Giovanini, of Rome. MHaying on the Roman Campagna—showing the remains of the Appian Aqueduct, built B. C. 311. No. 136. Original painting by Civillotti, of Rome. The Bacchants. No. 137. Dressing for the Masquerade. Original in Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. No. 138. Original painting by Gio DeArti, of Rome. The Italian Peasantry, with mule and music. No. 139. Bath Girl. Original by Ridell, now owned in New York. Copied by Annetti, of Rome. No. 140. Original painting by G. Mormile, of Naples. A Monk giving charity to a No. 141. harvest. ° No. 142. little girl. Original painting Porcelain picture. by F. Gallo, Sheep of Rome. Italian wheat a mountain from of Effie Dean. From climbing : Sevres, France. . No. 143: Scott. No. 144. No. 145. No. 146. No. 147. No. 148. No. 149. Colored French engraving— Trial American Field Sports. Christ and the Woman of Samaria at the Well. Henry Clay’s last speech in the Senate of 1850. Field Sports—Hunting. View of the Bay of Naples and the Tomb of Vibgil. Three Generations. �10 No. 150. No. 151. ~ Sunnyside—-home of Washington Irving. Market Boy on Ice. No. 152. Vesuvius in the Eruption of 1867, as viewed from Naples. No. 153. Shakspeare and his Friends. No. 154. Interior view of St. Isaac’s Church at St. Petersburg, Russia. This church is the most expensive of any in the world; the walls being overlaid with gold and silver. There are ten columns vaneered with malachite, and ten vaneered with amethyst. These columns are over forty feet high, and five feet in diameter. No. 155. Fruit piece. No. 156. A portrait of Napoleon I.; a water petrifaction. No. 157. Portrait of Schiller ; a water petrifaction. No. 158. A portrait of Goethe; a water petrifaction. No. 159. Antique Medallion of Christ. No. 160. Antique Medallion of Mary. No. 161. Antique Medallion of Christ, with Crown of Thorns. Nos. 162.and 163. The Lions of Canova in the Vatican at Rome. No. 164. Bronze Equestrian Statuette of Charles I. of France. No. 165. Bronze Equestrian Statuette of Marcus Aurelius. Original in front of the capitol in Rome. No. 166. Marble bust of Napoleon I. as a child. No. 167.. Marble statue of Canova’s Venus. Original in Florence. Sculptured by Eyre. No. 168. Marble bust of Washington, by Randolph Rogers; from Houdon’s bust. When a youth he lived at Ann Arbor. He is making the Soldiers’ Monument for this State, and ranks among the first sculptors of the world. No. 169. The Lincoln Group, by T. Ball, of Florence. Representing Mr. Lincoln, the negro at his feet with manacles on his wrist, the broken links of the chain at his feet, the Constitution and shield and the laurel wreath on the pedestal, with the very striking and beautiful extract of Mr. L.’s Emancipation Proclamation at the base: ‘‘And upon this act I invoke the’considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.” No. 170. Bronze bust of Franklin, from Houdon. No. 171. Marble statue of Apollo. Copy of the Apollo in tite Belvidere Gallery at Rome. Sculptured by Rinaldi, the only living pupil of Canova. No. 172. Marble. Indian Group. The marriage of Hiawatha. By Edmonia Lewis, of Rome, a colored girl. �11 No. 173. Antique bust of Hector, (in marble) a Trojan Supposed to have been sculptured in the year A. D. 3oo. No. 174. Antique bust in marble of Andromache, General. Hector’s wife. Sculptured same date as Hector. No. 175. Bronze statue of Hesperides holding the golden apples— a clock in one hand and a barometer in the other. No. 176. Bronze. Alexander taming Bucephalus. a — No. 177. Bronze statue of Dunnois, Joan of Arc’s Chief General. No. 178. Bronze equestrian statuette of Lafayette. No. 179. Bronze statue of Joan of Arc. No. 180. Statuette of Garibaldi. No. 181. Grecian Bath Girl of Ridell.. Original in New York. Copied by A. Leonardi, of Rome. No. 182. Angels of Song. Original in Florence. Copied by L. Pompignili, of Florence. No. 183. Spring Flowers. Original in Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. No. Dante 184. and Beatrice, by Ary Scheffer, Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. No. 185. Reading Magdalene, by Correggio. Copied by Rinald, of Rome. No. 186. Flora Scattering by A. Leonardi, of Rome. Flowers. Taken French Artist. Original in Dresden. from Guido’s Aurora, No. 187. Roman Spinner. By Ridell. Original in Rome. Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. No. 188. Hope, a rock in mid-ocean with the anchor, light house in the distance. Commenced by Ridell and finished by A. Leonardi, of Rome. No. 189. the Arno Original at Florence. No. 190. Florence. ‘Titian’s painting by Malina, portrait, by himself. of Florence. Copied by The falls. of 5 Metzker, of No. 191. ‘Titian’s Angels. Copied by Metzker, of Florence. No. 192. The Miser. Original in Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. No. 193. Contentment. Originalin Florence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Nos. 192 and 193 are companion pieces, called Miser and Contentment. No. 194. Original painting by A. Ogilletti, of Florence. Prayer. �me Copied Original in Florence. By Raphael. Madonna. No. 195. by E. Manzuoli. By L. Gallandt, of Rome. Mosaic, Pliny’s Doves. No. 196. The residence of the By Tierch. Cascades of Tivoli. No. 197. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Original in Florence. Emperor Hadrian. Harvest and landscape scene. Ruth presented to Boaz. No. 198. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Original in Florence. By Marco. Portrait. One of the Medici Family. By Velasquez. OrigNo. 199. Copied by Sasso. Florence. inal in Original in the Louvre, in By Murillo. Conception. No. 200. This is one of the many of.Florence. Sasso, A. by Copied Paris. in Spain. campaign first his in I. Napoleon by taken paintings Original in New York, owned by J. M. Soap Bubbles. No. 201. Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. Jaques. By L. Gallandt, of Rome. Coliseum of Rome, in Mosaic. No. 202. Copied by Florence. in Original Titian. By Flora. No. 203. : E. Manzuoli. Copied by Original in Florence. Rebecca at the Well. No. 204. as 12 Manzuoli. yy ¥ By Fra Nos. 205 and 206. Angels with Trumpet and Trombone. Angelico. Originals Nos. 207 and 208. Angels with Reeds and Tamborine. Copied by E. Manzuoli. in Boston. By Cesar Porter. Innocence. Original painting. No. 209. Copied by E. Florence. in Original Ruth Gleaning. No. 210. Manzuoli. OrigRaphael’s Madonna, or Madonna De la Seggiola. No. 211. i. Manzuol E. by Copied inal in Florence. Original in Florence. Marriage of Mary and Joseph. No. 212. Copied by E. Manzuoli. By Gallandt, of Rome. Roman Forum, in Mosaic. No. 213. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Original in Rome. Turkeys. No. 214. By Mrs. StrickFruit with Vase. Original painting. No. 215. : land, of Florence. Grapes and Fruits, Bird’s Nest, etc. Original in No. 216 and 217. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Florence. CopOriginal in Florence. Game Pieces. Nos. 217% and 218. ied by E. Manzuoli. Copied by E. Original in Florence. Spring Flowers. No. 219. at E. Manzuoli. �tints a IN Setteesae adenine ae a 13 No. 220. Stormin the Apennines. By Camero. ence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. No. 221. Original painting by Gavini, of Rome. and the Tomb of Cecilia Metella. No. 222. Landscape near Voltaria. By Marko. ence. Copied by E. Manzuoli. Nos. 223, 224, French Artist. ter. 225, The bei he 226. The Appian Way Original in Flor- Original paintings, by Chatalaine, Four Seasons—Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Win- Nos. 227, 228, 229, The and Original in Flor- 230. Original paintings Four Elements—Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. by Pagani, of Rome. No. 231. Poetry, surrounded by the Poets of Italy—Dante, Ariosto, Bocaccio, and Tasso. Original in Florence. Copied by Algieti, of Florence. Nos. 232, 233, 234, and 235. Original paintings. The Four Arts— Music, Poetry, Sculpture, and Painting. By A. Sasso, of Florence. No. 236. Iris. By Guido. Originalin Rome. Copied by E. Manzuoli, of Florence. No. 237. Original Earl, American artist. No. 238. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. Ruins of Paestum. Landscape, by marble. By Benzoni, of Steel Engraving of Washington. The Crucifixion. Portrait of Douglas. Steel Engraving—lInmitation. Portrait of General Scott. Country Blacksmith Shop. Mother Rocking the Baby. Veiled Statue of Rebecca, in Rome. Nos. Nos. painting. ; 246, 247. 248, 249. Pair White Vases in Alabaster. Pair Colored Vases in Alabaster. No. 250. Bronze No. 251. Bronze No. 252. Bronze No. 253. Bronze Vatican at Rome. No. 254. Bronze can in Rome. No. 255. Bronze in Rome. Bust of Napoleon I. Bust of Prince Napoleon. Bust*0f Napoleon III. Statuette of Augustus Czesar. Statuette of Demosthenes. Statuette of Sophocles. Original in the Original in the VatiOriginal in the Vatican �14 , Dying Gladiator, in bronze. Original in the Capitol in my No. 256. No. 257. No. 258. No. 259. No. 260. which he was No. 261. No. 262. No. 263. No. 266. No. 267. No. 268. way. Little marble copy of Ariadne. In the Vatican in Rome. Column of Trajan, in Rome. Column of Antonine, in Rome. Parian Bust of Shakspeare. Purchased in the room in born. Bronze Bust of Marie Antoinette. Portrait of Washington, woven in silk, at Lyons. Antique Marble Head from the Tomb of the Ceesars. Portrait of Charles Dickens. By F. T. Boyle. Leda and the Swan. By E. Dubuffe. Morning Walk. Gathering Spring Flowers. By W. S. No. 269. Landscape. Girl and Cows. By H. P. Hunt. No. 270. Venus and Cupids, French School. By Ziggen. No. 271. Squam Lake, New Hampshire.. By Griggs. Nos. 272 and 273. Interior Stable Scenes from Landseer. No. 274. No. 275. T. Spear. No. 276. No. 277. Brown. No. 278. By Grinnaux. No. 279. Portrait of President Monroe. By Vanderlyn. Portrait of Judge Pettigrew, of South Carolina. By Ord- By T. Portrait of John C. Fremont. By Bass Otis. Landscape in New Hampshire in 1839. By George Portrait of the Portrait of Miss Countess Newell, of Ardenna; author French : L. School. of Pleasant™Tales for Children. By A. Ransom. No. 280. Irish Coast. The Needles. By Griggs. No. 281. Landscape in Vermont. By H. P. Hunt. No. 282. Farm Scene. By J. Plaf. No, 283. Portrait of Catharine de Medici. By Bronzino. No. 284. Sunny Hours. By W. E. Winner. No. 285. The Good Samaritan ; schoolof Raphael. By A. Malino. No. 286. Portrait of Washington, from Stuart. By Bicknell. No. 287. Portrait of Madame Anna Thillon, the great songstress. By Willard. No. 288. Portrait of Thomas Jefferson. By Jarvis. No. 289. Portrait of Mrs. Lippincott (Grace Greenwood). By C. G. Thompson. �15 ley. No. No. No. No. 290. 291. 292. 293. Portrait of Mrs. Felicia Hemans. By Wm. Brackett. Portrait of Lucretia Maria Davidson. By W. Morrison. View from Interlaken. By S. B. Foster. Landscape and Cattle in Massachusetts. By D. Hinck- No. 294. Spanish Flower Girl, after Murillo, or Spanish school. By T. J. J. Wyatt. No. 295. Venus Disarming Cupid. By G. W. Harlow, (R. A.) No. 296. _ Portrait of Mademoiselle Pougard. By Henry Willard. No. 297. Steamship on Fire. By A. Bierstadt. No. 298. Prairie on Fire. By J. Kummer. No. 299. Sunny Hours. Children with wheat, flowers, etc. French School. By Fournier. : No. 300. Portrait of John Adams, after Stuart. By T. T. Spear. No. 301. Portrait of General Harrison. By C. Harding. No. 302. Portrait of Charlotte Cushman at 24 years of age. By C. Harding. No. 303. No. 304. No. 305. No. 306. No. 307. By J. Pope. No. 308. No. 309. No. 310. Von Portrait of Sir Thomas Portrait of Portrait of Landscape Portrait of Sully, after C. Campbell. a Turk. By M. White. Oliver Cromwell. By Van Haas. in Italy. By Salvator Rosa. Mrs. R. Goodall, author of Children’s Stories. : The Mistletoe Bough. By ae 1 Spear: Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife. By F. H. Lane. Luther taken prisoner to the Castle Wartburg. By A. Wille, Dusseldorf school. No. 311. White Mountains, Valley and Lake Pennegeiwasset. By Gerry. No. 312. White Mountains. By T. T. Spear. No. 313. Portrait of Miss Cutts, afterwards Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas. By Ransom. No. 314. Portrait of David No. 315. Portrait of the Prince Augustus No. 316. Portrait of Maria Theresa, sey, Royal Academy. sex. Hume, the Historian. Frederick, By Allen Ram- Duke of Sus- Copied from the Royal Academy by L. Greenough. grandmother of Maximillian. Painted in 1754 by Fischbaine. No. 317. Italian Landscape with ruins, sheep, shepherds, etc. Houseman. No. 318. Girlin bed asleep. By Thomas Ball. By �16 No. 324. By Hudson. Portrait of William H. Prescott, the Historian. By Har- By Chandler. Portrait of Mrs. Chandler. By S. B. Foster. Portrait of William Wirt, after Inman. Boston Harbor and Boston from Dorchester Heights. By & No. 319. vey J. Young. No. 320. No. 321. No. 322. De Grailey. No. 323. By F. H. Lane. The Summons of Ticonderoga. at Mount Vernon. Washington General of Residence The Portrait of Mary Russell Mitford, author of Our Village. No. 325. From the Royal Acadamy, by Hayden. Superb Portrait of Paganini from life. By R. Bollin, of No. 326. Brussels. Portrait of a young artist from life. By The Sunbeam. No. 327. Bellows. No. 328. ¥ J.:G. Cole. By Frothingham, Portrait of President James Madison. No. 334. after Stewart. By Willard. Portrait of Daniel Webster. No. 335. himself. By Dow. Girard of Portrait No. 336. Willington and Pico Peaks, Pittsford, Rutland County, No. 337. By A. Ransom. Vermont. Mansion and Birthplace of General Joseph Warren, RoxNo. 338. By Burnham. bury, Mass. By L. Luthy. White Mountains from Conway. No. 339. By Young. No. 340.’ Sibyl. By Willard. Portrait of Rufus Choate. No. 341. By Bass Otis. Ruins of Tremont Temple, Boston. No. 342. Portrait of Dr. Wayland, President of Brown University. No. 343. Spear. By W. Portrait of Emperor Alexander of Russia. By Hawksett. No. 344. «4 By Haskett. Holy Family. General Lafayette 'and Madame Roland drawing a plan of No. 329. By J. Bauer. the French Federation in 1791. By J. Knight. at Marshfield. Farm Webster’s Daniel No. 330. By A. BierSpanish Castle by Moonlight, near Cadiz. No. 331. stadt. From Sir Portrait of Gustavug Adolphus, of Sweden. No. 332. Peter Lely by Albano. By Portrait of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, the poetess. No. 333. �17 No. 345. No. 346. No. 347. By J. Pope. Portrait of Benjamin West. By James Green. Portrait of Daniel Webster. By E. C. Seamans. Portrait of Alexander Everett, father of Edward Everett. No. 348. Spear. No. 349. Portrait of Judge Joseph T. Buckingham. Portrait of Bass Otis, the artist. By . Portrait of Allen Otis, No. 352. No. 353No. 354. rope. By W. The Three Graces. By Rembrandt Peal. Childhood. By M. Wight. Portrait of George S. Hilliard, author of Travels Willard. of Mrs. of Revolutionary fame. Stephens, T. By himself. No. 350. rison. No. 351. Latrobe. Portrait T. the authoress. By MorBy Eugene in Eu- No. 355. Portrait of A. Ransom. By himself. No. 356. Portrait of President James K. Polk. By J.:G. Cole. No. 357. Coast of California. By W. F. Wilson. No. 358. Portrait of Mrs. L. H. Sigourney, from Thomas RousSeam. Biya )..G. Cole, No. 359. Portrait of Sir William Phipps, Colonial Governor of Massachusetts. By Largelliere. No. 360. White Mountains, from Valley near Conway. By S. P. Hodgeson. No. 361. Portrait of Count De Grasse. By Nicholas de Largelliere. No. 362. Portrait of Sir Charles Fox. By Wight. No. 363. Portrait of Anna Cora Mowatt. By Willard. No. 364. Portrait of Jared Sparks, President of Harvard College. By E. Alexander. No. 365. No. 366. liams. No. 367. Portrait of Miss Nellie Tibbetts, the Authoress. Portrait of Mrs. Anderson, Portrait of Abraham Lincoln. afterward Mrs. Ransom. Barney Wil- By J. G. Hart. No. 368. Portrait of Madame Du Barry, from Sir Peter Lely. Cornelius Janson. No. 369. Landscape and cattle near Holyoke, Massachusetts. We Scott. By Portrait of Violante Beatrice Di Boyiere, Princess of TusBy Le Abig. No: 370. cany. By �18 No. 371. Portrait of Maria Settimia di Ferranti Capponi Vedora di Lucca Torrigiani, the Fiance of Michael Angelo. No. 372. Portrait of Lady Blessington, from British Museum, by Sir Peter Lely. By Cornelius Janson. No. 373. Little Red Ridinghood. By W. Willard. No. 374. The Conflagration. By R. Salmon. No. 375. Portrait of Edward Everett. By Bass Otis. No. 376. Portrait of Christopher Columbus, from the Museum in Genoa. By Grenze. No. 377. English Barn and Farm Scene, after Herring. By T. T. Spear. No. 378. Edwy, the Saxon King, forced from Elgiva. By Edwin He Elolt: No. 379. The Raising of Lazarus. Northcote. No. 380. Portrait of Casino II. of Tuscany. Medici. Painted by Allessandro Allore in 1520. No. 381. Rome, Fountain and Arches and Old Palace in 1620 and now. Painted by Paoli Risi. No. 382. Meditation. By Th. Rosseau. His masterpiece. No. 383. Death of Wolf, from Benj. West. By J. Pollard> No. 384. Mary, Queen of Scots, accusing John Knox of Treason. By William Bromley. No. 385. The Angel appearing to Hager in the Wilderness. By T. Jacopo da Empoli. No. 386. Niagara Falls. By Campbell, an English artist. No. 387. Portrait of Princess Teck, second daughter of Queen Victoria, from the British Museum. By F. Albano. No. 388. Portrait of Millard Fillmore. By Willard. No. 389. Dutch Interior. By Buerscharet. No. 390. Tamborine Girl and Rural Felicity. By Henry Williams. No. 391. Fruit Piece. By C. Bauman. No. 392. Flower Piece. By E. Frank. No. 393. Winter Scene in Vermont; returning from Church. By J. J. Zang. : No. 394. Portrait of Washington, from Stuart By Cooper. No. 395. Winter in Norway, Mill and Blacksmith Shop. By N. Arivdo. No. 396. One of Thousand Lakes of Switzerland. By J. J. Zang. No. 397. Tropical Lake and Island. By G. Jerome. No. 398. Landscape and Farm Scene. By W. C. Frerichs. �1) 7 | No 1 309: Dickerson. vm Landscape and Falls in the Catskill Mountains. By J. By A. No. No. No. No. No. Mario. 400. 4ol. 402. 403. 404. Winter in the Black Forest. By J. J. Zang. Going to the Bath. By Rosenburgh. Fruit and Flowers. By L. Gogler. The First Falsehood. By Williams. Interior Dutch Tavern, from Dusseldorf school. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. All. 412. 413. 414. 415+ 416. The Helping Hand. By C. Bauman. The Torn Pants. By Windall. Mount Tom on the Connecticut. By T. Veede. Trout. By C. G. Hartwick. Holland Coast. By C. Jerome. Headwaters of the Delaware. - By J. Dickerson. The Father’s Return, Dusseldorf school. By Vedder. Returning from School in Winter, Palisade. By Morris. The Studious Boy. By Lux. Bopeep, Dusseldorf school. Sunset in the Adirondacks. By T. Ring. Landscape in Devonshire; England, English school. By No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 417. View in Sullivan County. By T. Veede. Sheep in Winter. By C. Taylor. Madonna, Italian school. By Church. New Scholar. By C. Williams. Fishing Scene. By C. Williams. Ona Point. By H. A. Church. Sunset on the Penobscot, American school. Fi Knight. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423. By Paul Rit- ter. Deer Run in the Adirondacks. By S. Alburtus. Rivulet. By A. Mario. Sunny Afternoon. By T. King. Live Trout. By Gilbert Manning. Bouquet of Roses. By Hart: Rape of the Sabines. By Pictora de Cortona. Portrait of Lord Macaulay, the English Historian, from ages the British Museum. By J. C. Knight. No : 431. Sunset. By A. Bierstadt. Portrait of Ruben’s Wife. Unknown. No a A32. Portrait of Martha Washington. By Wilson G. Peale. No ARSE Portrait of Fanny Fern. By A. G. Hayt. No toes No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 424. 425. 4206. 427. 428. 429. �No. No. No. No. No. No. By A. Rawson. 435. - Portrait of Miss Kate McCormick. 436. Landscape and cattle. A. Kobble. By Dupont. Judith and the Head of Holofernes. 437. Bishopa. By Flowers. and Fruit with Girl Italian 438. By Napolis. Portrait of the Roman Empress Elizabeth. 439. By C. Vesser. Landscape and sheep. 440. of Ferdinand No. 441. Portrait of Marie Amelia, daughter No. 442. Landscape in Holland, with wind mill, IV. By C. Janson. Spain, and wife of Louis Phillipe. cattle, sheep of and #goats. By H. Lareny. By Robut Huber. Oval Landscape near Tivoli, Italy. No. 443. Marine,—Dover Cliff, with Pier Head, Lighthouse, and No. 444. By S. Campbell. the three mills which serve as landmarks. By Rousseau. Portrait of Benj. Franklin, from Le Abeg. “No. 445. General Washington taking leave of the American Army. No. 446.. By M. Wight. By L. Libman. The Twins. No. 447. Emigrant Train attacked on the Plains by Indians. (This No. 448. picture was painted in the Dusseldorf Gallery; and gained for the artist By His other paintings are all in St. Louis.) a great reputation. Charles Wimar. ‘The Sleeping Beauty. No. 449. By M. Wight. _ The following extracts are from Prince and Princess are described : Tennyson’s THE celebrated SLEEPING poem of the Day-Dream, BEAUTY. Year after year unto her feet, She lying on her couch alone, Across her purple coverlet, The maiden’s jet-black hair has grown On either side her tranced form, Forth streaming from a braid of pearl; The slumbrous light is rich and warm, And moves not on the rounded curl. The silk star-broidered coverlid Unto her limbs Languidly itself doth mould, ever ; and, amid Her full black ringlets downward rolled Glows forth each softly-shadowed arm With bracelets of the diamond bright; Her constant beauty doth inform Stillness with love, and day with light. in which the | 20 �ae ay TTUSaae eee Nin BPs en alle Ds etal ere oe She sleeps: her breathings are not heard In palace chambers far apart. The fragrant tresses are not stirred That lie upon her charmed heart. She sleeps: on either hand up swells The gold-fringed pillow lightly pressed ; “She sleeps, nor dreams, but ever dwells A perfect form in perfect rest. THE PRINCE. He comes, scarce knowing what he seeks; He breaks More The the hedge; close and magic he enters there; close his footsteps wind ; music in his heart, Beats quick and quicker, till he finds The quiet chamber far apart. 0 No. 450. No. 451. No. 452. ) By Dobson. oO No. 453. {¥ aux. Portrait of Mrs. Bickford, the authoress. By T. T. Spear. Portrait of Wm. Fry, the musician. By F. Randall. Portrait of Philip IV. of Spain, from Madrid Museum. rd Portrait of Miss Densman, a great belle in Boston. ~ a No. 455. A. Ransom. No. 456. No. 457. No. 458. No. 459. De Rolle. Portrait of Miss Gardner. Portrait Portrait Portrait Portrait a Polish lady. By Grim- By C. G. Thompson. By of an Italian girl. By Carlo Dolce. of James Dalton. By T. T. Spear. of Judge Goodall, of Mass. By T. T. Spear. of Mrs. John J. Crittenden. By J. C. Knight. No. 460. Portrait of Mrs. No. 461. Portrait of the Duke By Henry Inman. Moore, from of Wellington, from British Museum. the British Mu- No. 462. The arrival of Hendrick Hudson in the Bay of New York. (Chromo.) By F. A. Chapman. No. 463. The Receding Race ; or, the last of the Indians. (Chromo.) Painted by F. A. Chapman. No. 464. "Market Scene by Candlelight. Oil painting. By Culverhouse of New York. No. 465. Cupid Disarmed ; or Cupid caught Napping. Oil painting. By J. Schrader, French artist. The last two paintitigs were purchased from the LeGrand Lockwood collection. No. 466. Vase and Flowers. Painted by Miss Colby. No. 467. Ferns and Deer. Unknown. a “seum. ee By William Hamilton. Hannah a . No. 454. Portrait of Madame a ey 21 �22 Cupids, from Raphael’s Sistene Madona, at DresNo. 468 and 469. den, on porcelain. By Hazletine. Excelsior. Piece statuary in marble. No. 470. By Mosher. “Pocahontas. marble. in statuary Piece No. 471. By Miss StebLittle Samuel. Piece statuary in marble. No. 472. bins. No. 473. No. 474. Bust of Henry Clay. Cecelia Mattella. No. 475. No. 476. Lord Byron. Burns. No. 477. Bust of Shakspeare. No. No. - No. No. No. 478. Bust of Walter Scott. Night and Morning. 479 and 480. 481. Bust of John Bright. 482. Humbolt. 483. Isaac Newton. No. 484. No. 485. No. 486. No. 487. ~ Bronze By Thorwaldsen. Richard Coeur De Lion. statue. Black Prince of England. Equestrian bronze statue. The Birth of Venus. Marble statuette. By Cecione, Boy and Rooster. Bronze statuette. — of E Florence. Nos. 488, 489, 490, and 491. No. 492. Bronze Warwick Nos. 493, 494, and 595. Nos. 496 and 497. Bronze statues. The Seasons. Vase. Bronze Vases. Two dogs—setters. Nos. 498 and 499. Two bronze bull dogs of Britttany. Marquis and Marquise on goats. Nos. 500 and sor. No. 502. One bronze deer. Colossal Indian statue and dog in bronze. No. 503. Nos. 504 and 505. ‘Two lions of Lucerne in bronze. One No. 511. One bust. No. No. No. No. 507. 508. 509. 510. statue. Europe. One statue. America. One bronze lion of Africa. One bust. Tennyson. Ariadna. Marble statuette. General Grant. No. 512. Marble statuette. Christ. No. 513. Marble statuette. Mary.. No. 514. Marble statuette. Greek Slave. Nos. 515 and 516. Two marble vases. Nos. 517 and 518. ‘Two Sevres vases. —. oe J No. 506. �23 Nos. 519 and 520. Two French gilt vases. Imitation of those pre- sented by Napoleon III. to the Pope. Originally in the Vatican at Rome. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 521. 520 525° 524. O25¢ 5206. 527 Nos. 528 One bronze Duck. One bronze English Snipe. One bronze English Hare. One bronze English Fox. One statuette. Boy and Bird. One bronze statuette. David with harp. One bronze wolf, with Romulus and Remus. and 529. Two bronze vases. ��Still bite. Vase, cocoanut, strawberries, etc. By Robt. Harvesting near San Jose, California. By John R. Key. Yo-Semite Valley, looking west. By John R. Key. A Difficult Calculation. By Phill Hoyoll. Done at Last. By Phill Hoyoll. Pleasure Party. Water color. By Charles Kuntz. Chimney Sweep Making his Toilet. By C. Giron. The Glade — Allegheny Mountains, Maryland. By O. Gebler. No. No. Santa Clara Valley, California. Q- Bristen, in the Madera Ner, By John R. Key. Valley Canton, Switzerland. By R. Holzhalb. Water Lillies, Black Pannel. By Geo. C. Lamden. No. 540 Summer near Bethel, Maine. By Clinton Loveridge. No.5 No. View at Adirondack Lake. By Clinton Loveridge. No. Give to My Chapel. By Leo Schiertz. No. Bridal Veil Falls, Yo-Semite. By Gilbert Munger. No. Distant View of Bridal Veil Fall, Yo-Semite. By Gilbert Munger. No. 540. Admiral Farragut in the shrouds of his vessel at the Bat- The wn wn Eschke: N on Oo Cela tn On on wn Os No. ston. No. Herman No. on on No. On 1S) f= fs Sa on (eo) N. A. A Roman Beauty. By Joseph Comans. The Boyhood of Abraham Lincoln. By Eastman nA be tle of Mobile. By Theo. Kaufman. No. 54/Maud Mullér. By T. P. Rossiter. No. 5 White Lillies. By Geo. C. Lamden, 556. No. 557No. 558. No. Pool of Bethesda and Portrait of H. C. Lewis. a View of Jerusalem. JohnBy By C. G. Thompson. Bust of Richard Cobden. Bust of Goethe. Bust of Schiller. Bronze Temple of Vesta. Portrait of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. Bronze Bas Relief of Hon. only one ever taken of the great statesman. William H. Seward. The ��559. Sasso. 560. tignolia. 561. 562. 563. Oil Painting. Moses in the Bull Rushes. Oil Painting. The Artist and Oil Painting. Qil Painting. Oil Painting. of Italy. By A. the Nun. By Casc Romeo and Juliet. By Castignolia. Head of Christ. By A. Sasso. The Tarantella—the national dance By Chas. Sasso. : 564. Oil Painting. Lovers visiting Raphael’s Tomb. By Chas. Sasso. 565. Oil Painting. Joseph in Egypt. By Antonia Falda, 566. Portrait of Mrs. H. C. Lewis. By Prof. Castalina. 767. Oil Painting. undress, with cannon, Fourth sword, of July. Boy drum, American sisters, one much frightened. in military flag, with two Painted by Prof. Castignolia. 568. Qil Painting. Landscape. Mountain and Sheep, with Shepherdess, in Appenine Mountains. By Prof. Marko. 569. Oil Painting. Landscape. Carrara Mountains. By Prof. A. Marko. 570. Oil Painting. After Gatti. Moliere reading his Play to his cook. Copied by Candida. 571. Oil Painting. After Marko. The Gleaners. Copied by A. Candida. . 572. Oil Painting.. Ulysses in the guise of a traveling merchant discovers Achilles concealed at the Court of Lycomedes, King of Scyros. After Pempeo Bate. Copied by A. Costa 573: Bennenuti. 574. of Troy. 576. 577, Century. 578. 579. 580. Sixteenth 581. Costa. Oil Painting. St. John Reproving Herod. After Copied by Candida. Oil Painting. Hector Reproving Paris at the Seige After Bennenuti. Copied by Candida.. : Oil Painting. The Drunken Monk. By Tamburini. Oil Painting. The Butler—Costume of Seventeenth By Giovani Jessi. Oil Painting. The Broken Statue. By E. Sarri. Oil Painting. The Mother’s Love. By Sarri. Oil Painting. The Artist’s Studio —Costume of the Century. By A. Calozeiof. Oil Painting. Game and Game Bag. By Oresta �Returning from the Horse Fair. By Copied by 599: 591: known. 592: 593: Lutza. 594: Vanity. By A. Candida. By A. Candida. Industry. Unknown. The Ascension. Portrait of Victor Emmanuel. k sshtceintiecsee Painting. Painting. Painting. Painting. By T. Van Dieghn, of Brus- Un- By M. Meucci. Campagna. By Oil Painting. Oil Painting. Birds with young. Landscape—Roman Oil Painting. General View, Florence. By Dario Maffia. By D. Sini. The Studious Girl. Oil Painting. After A. y. Birthda nth Eightee The Oil Painting. 596. Sasso. A. by d Copie Gavarti. By Dario Maffia. The Elopement. Oil Painting. 597: Artist. Af Flemish a Family, Merio Oil Painting. 568. By D. F. Sarria. ter Flemish school. By Alfredo CanPontine Marshes. Oil Painting. 595- _ - 599dia. 600. By Charles La The Sleigh Ride. Oil Painting. ls. Brusse of Roche, Raphael’s Visit. By A. Sasso. RaOil Painting. 601. ing, gets off his road, comes sketch is youth, his phael, in ain him at a monastery. entert who monks some across After Castignolia. Maternal Joys. Oil Painting. 602. Copied by Chas Sasso. Artist Painting a Nun Makes Love Oil Painting. 603. By Professor Castignolia. to her. Interior of Manzuoli’s old Studio in Oil Painting. 604. By Alfredo showing a painting. is Manzuoli Florence. Candia. TE 589. Oil Oil Oil Oil Sheep. ITO 588. of ee sels. Denmark. Prince ee Oil Painting. 586. Fanfanna. 587. Oil Painting. emmy Prof. C. Marko. 5 ee no Pere Oil Painting. By M. gear teen net gimme 585. Flowers. By M. Meucci. Birds and Nest with Eggs. ited Meucci. Oil Painting. Oil Painting. le 583. 584. The it mee tienen Chierici. By Gadano Joys of Infancy. Oil Painting. e eigen 682. �605. 606. Candida. 607. 608. 609. 6ro. Oil Painting. Oil Painting. Dead Birds. By Meucci. Leah. After Fanfanna. Copied by Oil Oil Oil Oil Game Piece. By Meucci. Little Pout. By L. M. Van Santi. Game. By Meucci Caravan Crossing the Desert. Af- Painting. Painting. Painting. Painting. ter Professor Pizani. 611. Oil Painting. Paul Offering a Nest of Canaries to Virginia. After Professor Annibal. By Gatti. 612. Oil Painting. Offering Presents to the Master on Christmas. After Professor Luigi Bechi. 613. Oil Painting Galileo Showing Milton the Moon, while Milton is on a visit to Italy in 1637. By Professor A. Gatti. 614. Oil Painting. Michael Angelo’s Studio in Rome. While he is cutting his world-renowned figure of Moses he is visited by the Countess Cologna; brings a letter from the King complimenting him. By E. Fanfanni. 615. Oil Painting. Portrait of Cromwell. Copied by A. Sasso. 616. Oil Painting. The Dove Cote. By M. Meuicci. 617. Oil Painting. The Mountains of Carrara. By Professor A. Marks. 618. Oil Painting. St. John, the Evangelist, receiving Revelations. After Darlo Dolce. Copied by A. Conta. 619. Oil Painting. Barn-yard Scene. By M. Meucci. 620. Oil Painting. Pheasants with their Young. By M. Meucci. 621. Oil Painting. Diana Surprised at her Bath. By A. Sasso. 622. Oil Painting. Yole, the daughter of King Manfrida, King of Naples and Sicily. The daughter is seen with her page, to whom she is married. By A. Bartle. 639. Oil Painting. ied by D. Sani. Charles the First and Mary. Cop- 640. Oil Painting. Bicie. By A. Sasso. 623. Oil Painting. Faith. After Professor Castignolia. Copied by O. Costa. 624. Oil Painting on Porcelain. Rolie and Hattie Hale. By A. Van Bruner, of Dresden. 625. Oil Painting. Cupid Captured. By Chas. Sasso. 626. Oil Painting. Tasso Reading his Poem to Eleonora d’ Este. By Enrico Fanfanni. 627. Meucci. 628. 629. Oil Painting. Flowers, Oil Painting. Oil Painting. Landscape. By Prof. A. Marko. Charity. By Prof. A. Castignolia. Fruit, Game, &c. By M. | | �Statue. Goddess of Liberty with the Amer- 646. Bust. Rose of Sharon. 647. Bust in marble. ican Eagle. 645. Marble Statue. Fairy Drinking from a Morning Street Musician. The last six named by Peter Bizzanti. America. By P. Romannelli. 648. Bustin marble. Love to Flowers. By P. Romannelli. ; 649. Group in marble. Faust and Marguerite. From the Opera of Faust. By P. Romannelli. 650. Group in marble. The Three Graces. After Cano- Professor Flag, by American Painted Painting. Charles I and Mary. By Sani Bicie. By A. Sasso. Fourth of July. Boy in Military by P. Romannelli. 673 Oil Made 651. Marble Cat. P. Romannelli. 652. Marble Dog. P. Romannelli. 653 One Antique Bust from the Ruins of Rome, supposed to be one of the Ceesars. 654. Marble Statue The Dancing Girl, or the Domino. By R. LL. Becucci. 655. Marble Statue. The Grape Harvest. By R. L. Becucci. 656. Marble Statue. The Promenade. By Antonia Frilli. 658. Marble Statue. The Fisher Boy. By Antonia Frilli. 659. Group of Three Figures in marble Columbus before Isabella, Queen of Spain. By L. G. Mead. 660. Group of Three Figures in marble. The Discovery of America by Columbus. By L. G. Mead. 661. Oil Painting. Stairway to the Borghese Palace at Florence. By A. Lessi. 672. Ojil Painting. French Soldiers A D. 1500. By D. Sani. 663. Oil Painting. French Soldiers at a Hotel. Costume of 1500. By D. Sani. 664. - Oil Painting. Diana and Acton. By A. Sasso. 665. Marble Statue. Leonardo Di Vinci. By P. Biz zanti. 666. Marble Statue. Ione. By A. Trumburino. 667. Marble Group. Ariadna. By P. Romannelli. 668. Oil Painting. Peace. After Prof. Castignolia. 669. Oil Painting. Justice. After Prof. Castignolia. 670. Oil Painting. My Page. By C. Colombing. Oil Painting. Oil Painting. via. Drum, Marble Marble Statue. frightened. 644. 643. Glory. Sword, Plato. Diana. much Statue. Statue. Cannon, Marble Marble with 641. . 642. with By Alfredo Candida. two Sisters,—one Castignolia. First Quarrel Undress, Oil Painting 671 672. 630. 631. Oil Painting. Room in Pitti Palace in Florence. Venus dé Medici. Visiting the Studio. By P. C. Gilardi. 631. Oil Painting. Music Lesson. Costumes 16th Century. By Alfredo Candida. 632. Oil Painting. A Mother’s Love. By E. Sani. 633. Oil Painting. My Friend. By A. Castignolia. 634. Oil Painting. Peasant’s Costume. By Oreste Conta. 635. Oil Painting. Interior of Peasants Room. By Oreste Conta. 636 Florentine Mosaic. 637. Oil Painting. Flowers. By T. Chelezzi. 638. Oil Painting. Flight from Pompeii. By A. Candida. ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lewis Art Gallery Description An account of the resource Catalogues and images from the Lewis Art Gallery, which was located in Coldwater, Michigan. It was open during the years of 1869-1884. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869-1884 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper, 6" x 9" Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 6" x 9" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lewis Art Gallery, Coldwater, Michigan: Catalogue of Paintings and Statuary. Subject The topic of the resource Lewis Art Gallery Description An account of the resource The original catalogue that was handed out to patrons to view as they were walking around the Lewis Art Gallery. It contains information on the paintings and statues that were on display in the gallery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henry C. Lewis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available A. J. Aldrich & Co., Printers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1875 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Coldwater (Mich.) Provenance Donated to Branch District Library https://www.branchdistrictlibrary.org/archive/files/original/e7beef439999268d90ea68c35b50d85b.pdf e6107ccca86f7831ec167e467d01655f PDF Text Text OE eee ——TO NT THE—— CA FAROGUS OM 15/0, SO ps a ] ; j THE LEWIS ART GALLERY. COLDWATER, The MICH. Courier Print. : 1883. i ��SUPPLEMENT SSS. Tree (ouie = ee Wl>.ART + BOUGUEREAU WILLIAM | CATALOGUE TO tO GALLERY. 9 A....... Aricent ry Gar ens eco aes Pupil of Picot. Prize of Rome 1850. Medals of 1855 (E. U.) 1857, 1867, 1878. Member of the Legion of Honor 1859. Member of the Institute of France, 1876. Officer of The Legion of Honor 18%6. Medal of Honor Exposition Universelle, 187s. Knight of The Order of Leopold 1881. ~ The Twins. Bouguereau is conceded to be the greatest figure Painter in the world. The famous Allegorical Painting purchased by A. T. Stewart at a cost of $75,000, was the work of this Artist. 675 SCHRE Yee epOUPH. ...... 5... jar es Dy corset beeen: cies cae ena Born at Frankfort on the Main, 1828. Medal at Vienna Exposition 1873. Medal at Brussels, 1863. Cross of The Order of Leopold 1864. Medals at Paris 1864, 1865, 1867. Hors Concours. 182 created Court Painter to Grand Duke Mecklenburg Schwerin, member of the Academies of Antwerp and Rotterdam, Honorary Member of the Deutsches Nochstift. The tM aemmeroninn ere The greatest most Retreat. beautiful work of this.eminent Painter. GRAND RAPIDS 446706 UBLIC LIBRARY = wy « �2 ae ee. : _PINCHART AUGUED 4 Panis 2s ee Born at Versailles, 1880. Pupil of Gerome. Gallantry. 677 GAUSEIR fea Mi Municu eee ee Born in Munich, 1825. Medals Paris Exposition 1865, 1867. London 1855. ; The Jolly Friars. 678 ee ie Born at Dusseldorf. Medals, Munich 1868. The Miser. Old ae 679 ee eee ee ee : Born in Rome 1825. Medals Paris 1855, 1863, 1868. Soldiers Halting at a Cabaret. The finest work by this Artist. 680 ee ce BUD RG TEND re ee es Be a et aneics 1s oo». seen Born at Brussels, 1830. Legion of Hono1 1865. Medal, London, 1863. Castellamare (Gulf of Naples.) 681 USRMENO WSICY ISMODMS. eee ee ete +. . .- cu Born at St. Petersburg. Russia, 1828. - Pupil of Van Beers. ~ Henorable Mention Salon, 1882. ad, 4 cars rnin at PaRIs �So BARN Gy 0G yg 09 UNS I inal os caaaa aa 682 Dia get es ge a Born at Sevres, 1829. Pupil of Troyon. Medals at Paris, 1867, 1869, 1870. Cross of Legion of Honor, 1872. of first class, Universal Exposition. Medal Pasture Grounds ao .. (PARIS Paris, 1878. in Normandy. Van Mareke is regarded as the finest cattle painter in the world. Nothing finer has ever been painted by him. 683 Sithige 8 | Se Bea gs eee eit ane cl recta ans He anne Parts Born at Paris, 1825. Pupil of Hebert and Bonnat. Medal of 1882, Salon, Paris. Gold Medal, Belgium, 1881. The Promenade This ee aa ND of the Sultana. is his prize Painting. 684. e re on, ae ie ee eo PARIS Born in Paris. Pupil of Cabanel. Medals, 1875, 1776, Legion of Honor, 1878. Exposition Universelle, 1878. Hors Concours. © Member of Salon Jury, 1882. { ourt-yard in Sultan’s Palace. No painting from this Artist equals this. SR EE Eee le ee PARis oo BRUSSELS Pupil of Hebert and Bonnat. Medal of 1882, Solon, Paris. Gold Medal Belgium, 1881. a The Slave Girl of the Alhambra. 686 re eee CTC es �687 PINCHART Pivlhr. (co oe, Born in Paris, 1831. » Pupil of Gerome. Salon of 1882. Medal Legion The JORDAN f of 1867, Paris. | 2 of Honor, 1867. Return from the Fete. RUDOLPH Born at Dusseldorf. Honorable Mention 1878. Medal of 1880. Grace Before Meat. 689 RON HRUR ee Rane Honorable Mention. Medals of 1867 and 1878. Salon Painting, 1881. A Lane in Magny-Les-Hameu. 690 JOON GUO DSN oR BU SO Ri ee te aera nd Semirer mean mc Re ek es oR ee Roare Born at Rome. Medal, Paris, 1867. An Illustrious Artist. The Pantheon. A very fine example of this Artist's works. TRO RUIN er oe oc des VIENNA. Born in Hungary. Medal of Vienna, 1873. Picture of the Highest Claas. Sweet Strains. ; 692 y Pos JASANOVA (Y ESLORACH ANTONIO) Born at Tortosia (Spain). Pupil of Lorenzale and F. Madrazo. Painted with a good deal of care. Preparing for the Bull Ring. 4 �| 5 } “4 y 693 EN og Scie ee era an i = ee oe eee ee ile ee es Born in Florence, 1829. Medals of Rome and Naples. Medals of Paris, 1878. An BY THE GAME ARTIS! --... Promenade ~~ t -) PRRANDEZ oe. epee se ess es in the time of the Directory. ee oo). BERNARDO... Professor Antique. Born in Malaga, 1835. of the Academy of Fine Artsof Medal at Seville 1880. A Spanish ee eee ... MALAGA. Malaga. Inn. 696 VERBOECKHOVEN, JOSEPH,)............ +... (EUGENE DECEASED: Born at Warneton, Belgium, 1799. Died, 1880. Chevalier of the Order of Leopold of Belgium. Chevalier of the Order of Michael of Bavaria. Chevalier of the Order of Christ of Portugal. Decorated with the Iron Cross. Member of the Academies of Belgium, Antwerp and St. Petersburg. Medals, 1824, and First Class, 1841. Cross of the Legion of Honor, 1845. Medal, 1855, Exposition Universelle. Hors Concours. Good Friends. This picture was painted for and sold by the artist to Mrs. Larder, of Philadelphia, and was purchased by the present owner at the sale of her collection. 697 POOMANS (Pipe OLIVER JOSEPH)... Born at Brussels, 1816. Pupil of Van Hasselaere at Ghent, De Keyser at Antwerp, and of Baron Wappers. Medal at The Hague, 1857. Medal at Metz, 1858. In 1863 his exhibition picture was purchased by Emperor Napoleon IIT. Sappho at Mitylene. The largest and most important picture by this artist. ... BRUSSELS. �698 PERAUEA Romer. ee Bo Born in Spain, 1820. Medals at Madrid, Seville, Cordova and Grenada. Medals at Rome, Naples, Turin and Parma. _ Performing Dogs Probably re eatin eerree ae (JOSEPH)..... (ace CHELMONSKI at the Circus. the finest of «// this Artist’s Works. PARIS Born at Varsovia. Pupil of M. Gerson and Schreyer. Honorable Mention at Paris, 1882. Medal at Moscow, 1882. A Russian Day in early Spring. 700 VOM seek... CRrot: Chnisianl\ oi VCO Chlreodore) Grand Medal The Noonday deccascG. eee ss MUNIONE of Munich. Rest. a ene 2 ee ee Born at Herserrang (Moselle). Pupil of Charlet, Cross of the Legion of Honor, 1861. Hors Concours. A Montenegrin Chieftain. As fine as a Delacroix. Jo2 IMAI SAGN DCRrOp) Ei tee ioe. Medals of he ie ee ee ew ale FLORENCE. Professor of Art at Florence. Milan, Florence, Rome, Turin and Naples. The Knife ee DNs Grinder. 793 ROSATI AG) oc cn eee Born. in Paris, 1820, Pupil of Alvarez. Medal, 1867 and 1878. A Gentleman of Leisure. ME Sil <n ayn s RomME �7 . 704 pmeeeNCK (Ameo ee Born at Schlenoig, Holstein, Medal, 1867. best Sheep © Germany. Flock of Sheep in a Snow Pretably the ea Painter except Storm. Verboeck hoven. 705 AMILESOOWSRE STAINISLAUS,.............0005..... MAG oe Paris Born in Poland. Pupil of Gerome. Academy of St. Petersburg. Medals of 1867, 1873, 1878. ‘Sereme’s favorite pupil whom he wished to adopt #mi to whom he offered his name and fortune. . Young Turkish Prince Instructed in Writing. 706 Seren GE MED ley 8 ee Born at Brussels. Medals, 1863, 1867,. 1878, 1878. Next to Van Marck, the Cattle Pasture in Holland. ee Born in Paris. Pupil of his father. Medal of 1878. This painting exhibited at Paris ‘ Lunch ES on Salon, : 1882. Roadside. ee Born at Rome. Medal, Rome, 1863. Medal, Paris, 1867, 1868. Lady and Dog. Perr (ce Parts. BOM ance ru in finest cattle painter living. �8 Too Pai ee cn eee (be SPEED ON Born at Rome. : * Medal, Rome, 1868. Medal, Paris, 1867, 1868. Guided by Love on the Stream The best example of this Artist’s work—took of Life. prizc Exhibition, Paris, 1882. 710 eae ee Gy SALENTIN Born in Dusseldorf. Medal of 1878. 3 ) Congratulations to Grandfather on his 7oth Birthday. A very spirited Painting. Fal WATER ' De Pena after Diaz COLOR, Born in Madrid. Medals of 1844, 1846, 1848. hi Cross of Legion of Honor, 1851. | Copied by Isaby. \ 7 : Engagement Ring. 72 WATER COLOR, after Diaz Pena Born in Madrid, Medals of 1844, 1846, 1848. a a De cal Cross of Legion of Honor, 1851. : Copied by Isaby. i [| H / Chariot Races at Rome under Nero. 7'3 Se... eee Born in Paris. Medal, 1867. Honorable Mention 1878. Edwin By Pee SANG ee a Forrest ee A A Moorish as Lear. ete oon Lady. a ee ey �as Bust in Parian representing Peasant Girl of Alsace, Germany. oF POWERS. 710: PRESTON............ coe oe ‘ FLORENCE. Born in Florence, Italy. Marble Bust, Evangeline. From Longfellow. ifal Work of Art; very fine. Artist’s Masterpiece. SZERNER. Considered the W oe The great Polish Painter. Born in Warsaw, 1835. WARSAW. oe Georgian Soldiers Halting by the Way. 718 W S wh ETIENNE, x ? ~ a) et ) Born in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1835. Medals at Rome and St. Petersburg. Picnic Party. A very important picture. 719 ROUGERON, JULES JAMES, deceased Born at Gevrey-Chambertin, Cote d’Or, in 1830. Died in Paris, 1880, Pupil of Picot and Cabanel. Medal, 1880. From the Paris Salon. Baby’s Breakfast. t= 8880 the Salon picture by this artist was bought by the French Government. ea LOUIS 7 Born at Vesoul, 1824. Pupil of Paul Delaroche. Professor in the French Academy of the Fine Arts. Medals, 1847 and 1848, Medal, 1855, Exposition Universelle. Cross of the Legion of Honor, 1855. Member of the Institute, 1865. Grand Medal of Honor, 1867, Exposition Universelle. Officer of the Legion of Honor, 1867. Grand Medal of Honor, 1874. Commander of the Legion of Honor, 1878. Medal, Grand Medal 1878, Exposition Universelle, of Honor, 1878, Exposition Universelle. Hors Concours. Honorary Member of the Royal Academy, London. Chevalier of the Order of the Red Eagle. First Love. Paris. �Ven a SO UBT hy TAI HEH IS ~ / UNGsEN ee mee ae : Born in Moscow, Russia, Moscow. 1835. The Holy Gate of the Kremlin. DIAZ DE LA fee NARCISSE PENA, VIRGILE.. BorpDrEAux. Born at Bordeaux, 1807. Died at Paris, 1876. Medals, 1844, 1846, 1848. Cross of the Legion of Honor, 1851. Diplomato the Memory of Deceased Artists, 1878. His landscapes first revealed his merit. He was considered landscape and forest painter of his day. WANOMAR CRE the EVE best Paris. Born at Sevres, 1829. Pupil of Troyon. Medals at Paris, 1867, 1869, 1870. Cross of Legion of Honor, 1872. Medal of first class, Universal Exposition, Paris, 1878. Van Marcke is regarded as the finest cattle painter in the world. ing finer has ever been painted by him. Noth- Herd of Cattle in the Woods. Landscape GUILEAU NIE by Diaz; Cattle by Van Marcke. Ve eee Paris. Born in Paris, 1830. Studied with Beaumont. He was at Appomattox Court Tlouse when Lee surrendered to Grant, April 5, 1865. He made a sketch of the room, the furniture, the carpet, chairs, table, and all things on the walls, and the officers generally. He had two sittings of General Grant and three of General Lee. The Surrender of General Lee to General Grant, April 9, 1865. General Grant says of the description of the room that it is perfect, and General Sheridan says of it, that it is that the portraits are good. Mrs. General Custer has the table that the Articles magnificent. of Capitulation were signed upon, and the two chairs used by Grant It is considered the most important Hisand Lee are in Monroe. No painting has ever been torical Painting in the United States. put upon canvas that represents so much, every American, and it ought to interest and all lovers of liberty, and good government. MELk70%.,.55 ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lewis Art Gallery Description An account of the resource Catalogues and images from the Lewis Art Gallery, which was located in Coldwater, Michigan. It was open during the years of 1869-1884. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869-1884 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper, 6" x 9" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Supplement to the Catalogue of 1875 of The Lewis Art Gallery Subject The topic of the resource Lewis Art Gallery Description An account of the resource This 1883 catalogue was to be given to patrons in addition to the original 1875 catalogue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henry C. Lewis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Courier Print Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1883 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coldwater (Mich.) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Coldwater (Mich.) Provenance Donated to Branch District Library